//
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
?File:?Matrices.cs
//
//
?Desc:?Now?that?we?know?how?to?create?a?device?and?render?some?2D?vertices,
//
???????this?tutorial?goes?the?next?step?and?renders?3D?geometry.?To?deal?with
//
???????3D?geometry?we?need?to?introduce?the?use?of?4x4?matrices?to?transform
//
???????the?geometry?with?translations,?rotations,?scaling,?and?setting?up?our
//
???????camera.
//
//
???????Geometry?is?defined?in?model?space.?We?can?move?it?(translation),
//
???????rotate?it?(rotation),?or?stretch?it?(scaling)?using?a?world?transform.
//
???????The?geometry?is?then?said?to?be?in?world?space.?Next,?we?need?to
//
???????position?the?camera,?or?eye?point,?somewhere?to?look?at?the?geometry.
//
???????Another?transform,?via?the?view?matrix,?is?used,?to?position?and
//
???????rotate?our?view.?With?the?geometry?then?in?view?space,?our?last
//
???????transform?is?the?projection?transform,?which?"projects"?the?3D?scene
//
???????into?our?2D?viewport.
//
//
???????Note?that?in?this?tutorial,?we?are?introducing?the?use?of?D3DX,?which
//
???????is?a?set?of?helper?utilities?for?D3D.?In?this?case,?we?are?using?some
//
???????of?D3DX's?useful?matrix?initialization?functions.?To?use?D3DX,?simply
//
???????include?the?D3DX?reference?in?your?project
//
//
?Copyright?(c)?Microsoft?Corporation.?All?rights?reserved.
//
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
using
?System;
using
?System.Drawing;
using
?System.Windows.Forms;
using
?Microsoft.DirectX;
using
?Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
using
?Direct3D
=
Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
namespace
?MatricesTutorial
{
????
public
?
class
?Matrices?:?Form
????
{
????????
//
?Our?global?variables?for?this?project
????????Device?device?
=
?
null
;?
//
?Our?rendering?device
????????VertexBuffer?vertexBuffer?
=
?
null
;
????????PresentParameters?presentParams?
=
?
new
?PresentParameters();
????????
bool
?pause?
=
?
false
;
????????
public
?Matrices()
????????
{
????????????
//
?Set?the?initial?size?of?our?form
????????????
this
.ClientSize?
=
?
new
?System.Drawing.Size(
400
,
300
);
????????????
//
?And?it's?caption
????????????
this
.Text?
=
?
"
Direct3D?Tutorial?3?-?Matrices
"
;
????????}
????????
public
?
bool
?InitializeGraphics()
????????
{
????????????
try
????????????
{
????????????????
//
?Now?let's?setup?our?D3D?stuff
????????????????presentParams.Windowed
=
true
;
????????????????presentParams.SwapEffect?
=
?SwapEffect.Discard;
????????????????device?
=
?
new
?Device(
0
,?DeviceType.Hardware,?
this
,?CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing,?presentParams);
????????????????device.DeviceReset?
+=
?
new
?System.EventHandler(
this
.OnResetDevice);
????????????????
this
.OnCreateDevice(device,?
null
);
????????????????
this
.OnResetDevice(device,?
null
);
????????????????pause?
=
?
false
;
????????????????
return
?
true
;
????????????}
????????????
catch
?(DirectXException)
????????????
{?
????????????????
return
?
false
;?
????????????}
????????}
????????
public
?
void
?OnCreateDevice(
object
?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????
{
????????????Device?dev?
=
?(Device)sender;
????????????
//
?Now?Create?the?VB
????????????vertexBuffer?
=
?
new
?VertexBuffer(
typeof
(CustomVertex.PositionColored),?
3
,?dev,?
0
,?CustomVertex.PositionColored.Format,?Pool.Default);
????????????vertexBuffer.Created?
+=
?
new
?System.EventHandler(
this
.OnCreateVertexBuffer);
????????????
this
.OnCreateVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer,?
null
);
????????}
????????
public
?
void
?OnResetDevice(
object
?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????
{
????????????Device?dev?
=
?(Device)sender;
????????????
//
?Turn?off?culling,?so?we?see?the?front?and?back?of?the?triangle
????????????dev.RenderState.CullMode?
=
?Cull.None;
????????????
//
?Turn?off?D3D?lighting,?since?we?are?providing?our?own?vertex?colors
????????????dev.RenderState.Lighting?
=
?
false
;
????????}
????????
public
?
void
?OnCreateVertexBuffer(
object
?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????
{
????????????VertexBuffer?vb?
=
?(VertexBuffer)sender;
????????????CustomVertex.PositionColored[]?verts?
=
?(CustomVertex.PositionColored[])vb.Lock(
0
,
0
);
????????????verts[
0
].X
=-
1.0f
;?verts[
0
].Y
=-
1.0f
;?verts[
0
].Z
=
0.0f
;?verts[
0
].Color?
=
?System.Drawing.Color.DarkGoldenrod.ToArgb();
????????????verts[
1
].X
=
1.0f
;?verts[
1
].Y
=-
1.0f
?;verts[
1
].Z
=
0.0f
;?verts[
1
].Color?
=
?System.Drawing.Color.MediumOrchid.ToArgb();
????????????verts[
2
].X
=
0.0f
;?verts[
2
].Y
=
1.0f
;?verts[
2
].Z?
=
?
0.0f
;?verts[
2
].Color?
=
?System.Drawing.Color.Cornsilk.ToArgb();
????????????vb.Unlock();
????????}
????????
private
?
void
?Render()
????????
{
????????????
if
?(device?
==
?
null
)?
????????????????
return
;
????????????
if
?(pause)
????????????????
return
;
????????????
//
Clear?the?backbuffer?to?a?blue?color?
????????????device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target,?System.Drawing.Color.Blue,?
1.0f
,?
0
);
????????????
//
Begin?the?scene
????????????device.BeginScene();
????????????
//
?Setup?the?world,?view,?and?projection?matrices
????????????SetupMatrices();
????
????????????device.SetStreamSource(
0
,?vertexBuffer,?
0
);
????????????device.VertexFormat?
=
?CustomVertex.PositionColored.Format;
????????????device.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList,?
0
,?
1
);
????????????
//
End?the?scene
????????????device.EndScene();
????????????device.Present();
????????}
????????
private
?
void
?SetupMatrices()
????????
{
????????????
//
?For?our?world?matrix,?we?will?just?rotate?the?object?about?the?y-axis.
????????????
//
?Set?up?the?rotation?matrix?to?generate?1?full?rotation?(2*PI?radians)?
????????????
//
?every?1000?ms.?To?avoid?the?loss?of?precision?inherent?in?very?high?
????????????
//
?floating?point?numbers,?the?system?time?is?modulated?by?the?rotation?
????????????
//
?period?before?conversion?to?a?radian?angle.
????????????
int
??iTime??
=
?Environment.TickCount?
%
?
1000
;
????????????
float
?fAngle?
=
?iTime?
*
?(
2.0f
?
*
?(
float
)Math.PI)?
/
?
1000.0f
;
????????????device.Transform.World?
=
?Matrix.RotationY(?fAngle?);
????????????
//
?Set?up?our?view?matrix.?A?view?matrix?can?be?defined?given?an?eye?point,
????????????
//
?a?point?to?lookat,?and?a?direction?for?which?way?is?up.?Here,?we?set?the
????????????
//
?eye?five?units?back?along?the?z-axis?and?up?three?units,?look?at?the
????????????
//
?origin,?and?define?"up"?to?be?in?the?y-direction.
????????????device.Transform.View?
=
?Matrix.LookAtLH(?
new
?Vector3(?
0.0f
,?
3.0f
,
-
5.0f
?),?
new
?Vector3(?
0.0f
,?
0.0f
,?
0.0f
?),?
new
?Vector3(?
0.0f
,?
1.0f
,?
0.0f
?)?);
????????????
//
?For?the?projection?matrix,?we?set?up?a?perspective?transform?(which
????????????
//
?transforms?geometry?from?3D?view?space?to?2D?viewport?space,?with
????????????
//
?a?perspective?divide?making?objects?smaller?in?the?distance).?To?build
????????????
//
?a?perpsective?transform,?we?need?the?field?of?view?(1/4?pi?is?common),
????????????
//
?the?aspect?ratio,?and?the?near?and?far?clipping?planes?(which?define?at
????????????
//
?what?distances?geometry?should?be?no?longer?be?rendered).
????????????device.Transform.Projection?
=
?Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH(?(
float
)Math.PI?
/
?
4
,?
1.0f
,?
1.0f
,?
100.0f
?);
????????}
????????
protected
?
override
?
void
?OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs?e)
????????
{
????????????
this
.Render();?
//
?Render?on?painting
????????}
????????
protected
?
override
?
void
?OnKeyPress(System.Windows.Forms.KeyPressEventArgs?e)
????????
{
????????????
if
?((
int
)(
byte
)e.KeyChar?
==
?(
int
)System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Escape)
????????????????
this
.Close();?
//
?Esc?was?pressed
????????}
????????
protected
?
override
?
void
?OnResize(System.EventArgs?e)
????????
{
????????????pause?
=
?((
this
.WindowState?
==
?FormWindowState.Minimized)?
||
?
!
this
.Visible);
????????}
????????
/**/
///
?
<summary>
????????
///
?The?main?entry?point?for?the?application.
????????
///
?
</summary>
????????
static
?
void
?Main()?
????????
{
????????????
using
?(Matrices?frm?
=
?
new
?Matrices())
????????????
{
????????????????
if
?(
!
frm.InitializeGraphics())?
//
?Initialize?Direct3D
????????????????
{
????????????????????MessageBox.Show(
"
Could?not?initialize?Direct3D.??This?tutorial?will?exit.
"
);
????????????????????
return
;
????????????????}
????????????????frm.Show();
????????????????
//
?While?the?form?is?still?valid,?render?and?process?messages
????????????????
while
(frm.Created)
????????????????
{
????????????????????frm.Render();
????????????????????Application.DoEvents();
????????????????}
????????????}
????????}
????}
}
?// Set up the world, view, and projection matrices.
private void SetupMatrices()
??{
???// For our world matrix, we will just rotate the object about the y-axis.
???// Set up the rotation matrix to generate 1 full rotation (2*PI radians)
???// every 1000 ms. To avoid the loss of precision inherent in very high
???// floating point numbers, the system time is modulated by the rotation
???// period before conversion to a radian angle.
???int? iTime? = Environment.TickCount % 1000;
???float fAngle = iTime * (2.0f * (float)Math.PI) / 1000.0f;
???device.Transform.World = Matrix.RotationY( fAngle );
???// Set up our view matrix. A view matrix can be defined given an eye point,
???// a point to lookat, and a direction for which way is up. Here, we set the
???// eye five units back along the z-axis and up three units, look at the
???// origin, and define "up" to be in the y-direction.
???device.Transform.View = Matrix.LookAtLH( new Vector3( 0.0f, 3.0f,-5.0f ), new Vector3( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ), new Vector3( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ) );
???// For the projection matrix, we set up a perspective transform (which
???// transforms geometry from 3D view space to 2D viewport space, with
???// a perspective divide making objects smaller in the distance). To build
???// a perpsective transform, we need the field of view (1/4 pi is common),
???// the aspect ratio, and the near and far clipping planes (which define at
???// what distances geometry should be no longer be rendered).
???device.Transform.Projection = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH( (float)Math.PI / 4, 1.0f, 1.0f, 100.0f );
??}