1 

 Software`s Quake and Doom Engine Epic Games`Unreal Engine3  Valve`s Source engine --> fully featured reusable software development kits

2 Virtually all game engines contain a famililar set of core compontnts ,including the rendering engine, the collision and physics engine, the animation system ,the audio system,the game world object modle, the artificial intelligence system,and so on.

We will also get a first hand glimpse into the inner working of some popular game engines,such as Quake and Unreal , and some well-known middleware packages,such as the Havok Pyhsics library,the OGRE rendering engine,and Rad Game Tools`Granny 3D animation and geometry managment toolkit

Game studios are usually composed of five basic disciplines: engineers ,artists, game designers, producers,and other management and support staff(marketing, legal ,information technology /technical support, administrative etc)

Raph Koster fefines a "game" to be an interactive experience that provides the player with an increasingly challenging sequence of patterns which he or she learns and eventually masters.

Approximation and simplification are two of the game develpoer`s most powerful tools.when used skillfully,even a greatly simplified model can sometimes be almost indistinguishable form reality-and a lot more fun

At the core of every real-time system is the concept of deadline,An obvious example in video games is the requirement that the screen be updated at least 24 times per second in order to povide the illusion of motion(most games render the screen at 30 or 60 frames per second because these are multiples of an NTSC monitor`s refresh rate) Of course, there are many other kinds of deadlines in video games as well. A physics simulation may need to be updated 120 times per second in order to ramain stalbe. A character`s artificial intelligence system may nedd to think at least once every second to prevent the apearance of stupidity. The audio library may need to be called at least once every 1/60 second in order to keep the audio buffers filled and prevent audible glithes.

It`s safe to say that the more general-purpose a game engine or middleware component is, the less optimal it is for running a particular game on a particular platform.

  This phenomenon occurs because designing any efficient piece of software invariably entails marking trade-offs,and those trade-offs are based on assumptions about how the software will be used and/or about the target hardware on which it will run .For example ,a rendering engine that was designed to handle intimate indoor environments probabily won`t be very good at rendering vast outdoor environments . The indoor engine might use a BSP tree on portal system to ensure no geometry is drawn that is being occlued by walls or objects that are closer to the camera. The outdoor egine,on the other hand, might use a less-exact occlusion mechanism,or none at all,but it probabily makes aggressive use of level-of-detail(LOD) techniques to ensure that distant objects are rendered with a minimum number of triangles,while using high resolution triangle meshes for geometry that is close to the camera.

   The rendering technology employed by first-person shooters is almost always highly optimized and carefully tuned to the particular type of enviroment being rendered. 

STLport  This is a protable ,optimized inplementation of STL

Boost  Boost is a powerful data structures and algorithms library,designed in the style of STL.(The online documentation for Boost is also a great place to learn a great deal about comptuter science)

Collision detection and rigid body dynamics are provided by the following well-known SDKs,

Havok is a popular industrial-strength physics and collision engine.

PhysX is another popular industrial-strength physics and collision engine,available for free download from DVIDIA.

Open Dyanmics Engine(ODE) is a well-known open source physics/collision package.

 Every game engine,and really every large,complex C++ software application,requires a grab bag of useful software utilities,

{

Module Start-Up and Shut-Down

Assertions

Unit Testing

Memory Allocation

Math Library

Strings and Hashed string IDs

Debug printing and logging

Localization Services

Parasors(CSV, XML etc)

Profiling/Stats Gathering

Engine Config  (INI files etc)

Random Number Generator

Curves & Surfaces Library

RTTI/Reflection & Serialization

Object Handles/Unique Ids

Asyncthronous FIle/IO

Memory Control

}

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