Electricity
Time Limit: 10 Seconds Memory Limit: 32768 KB Special Judge
After recent blackouts in some regions in North America, the government has decided to reorganize the power supply network of the continent.
The power supply network is the set of nodes, such as power plants or transformation stations, connected by transmission lines. All lines are used to transmit electricity from one node to another. For stability reasons the system is organized in such a way that there are no directed cycles.
Since the government is currently short of money due to several small peaceful militaristic operations, it cannot build new power lines for the moment. So after reorganization the same lines will be used, but some lines will have to transmit electricity in the direction opposite to the current one. To make the reorganization gentle enough, the management of the power network is planning to switch the transmission direction for exactly one line each day. Of course, no day there must be a cycle in a network, since this may cause damage to the system. The resulting network is also designed to be acyclic.
Help them to plan the reorganization.
Input
There are mutilple cases in the input file.
The first line of the input file contains n --- the number of nodes in the network, and m --- the number of transmission lines (2 <= n <= 1,000 , 1 <= m <= 10,000 ). The following m lines contain three integer numbers each. The first two give the source and the destination node for the corresponding line in the current node. The third number is 0 if the line must keep its transmission direction in the resulting network, and 1 if the direction must be reversed.
There can be several lines connecting the same pair of nodes, but due to acyclicity condition, they all transmit electricity in the same direction. This is also the reason why no line connects a node to itself.
There is an empty line after each case.
Output
First output k --- the number of days in the plan you suggest. You don't need to minimize this number, but it must not exceed 4m . After that print k integer numbers --- for each day output the number of the line that changes the transmission direction this day. If it is impossible to make the desired reorganization, output -1 instead of k .
There should be an empty line after each case.
Sample Input
4 5
1 2 0
2 3 1
2 4 1
1 4 1
4 3 0
2 2
1 2 1
1 2 1
Sample Output
3
3 2 4
-1
Source: Andrew Stankevich's Contest #9
一道不錯的圖論題，大意是給一個有向網絡N，必須將其中X條邊反向，給出一個方案順序，使得在執行反向的過程中，網絡不會出現環，如果不存在這個方案，輸出-1.
思路：首先，判斷不存在的情況：1.兩個重邊都要反轉，那么在操作過程中肯定出現環；2.在初始網絡或結束網絡存在環。對于第二種情況，可以用topo排序求一下兩個網絡是否存在環，并記錄下topp序列。
之后，我們要構造方案，構造方案的過程有兩個：
1.一個點的可逆入度邊（這句是廢話，可逆邊就是必須改變的邊，肯定包含于方案，但注意是入度）
2.這個點必須從結尾網絡的topo序列從后往前搜索.....（凌亂了吧....）
首先，我們要明白topo序列的性質，就是序列a1,a2,a3,...,an，表示的是網絡n個點的線性關系，存在任意的i<j,使得ai -> aj，也就是，如果用網絡表示topo序列，那么只有往右邊指向的邊。
通過這一個性質，加上網絡N前后兩次的topo序列，我們不難發現，結尾網絡topo序列的最后一個肯定是在操作中失去出度而從初始的topo序列降為（或停留）最后面，所以，將其可反轉的入度邊反向，肯定不會存在回射邊從而產生環結構，因此，從最后一個點向前搜索，每次執行可執行的反轉操作，那么一定能保持當前點的不存在回射邊。
對于一個點，可存在同時支配多條可反轉邊，因為答案要求一次一次執行反轉，如果對于同一個點順序不當可能出現環，所以我們考慮以下問題：x->y, x->z,如果反轉（x,y）從而導致了環的出現，那么可以肯定z->y是成立的，而在topo關系上z比y靠前，所以我們對于同一個點輸出結果時，要按照其初始網絡的topo順序，從左向右輸出。
思路完畢，AC，證明....略了吧，我證明了一草稿紙。
注意不要用矩陣，我因為那個吃了幾次CE......
代碼：
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#define N 1100
#define M 10010
using namespace std;
int n, m;
struct edge
{
int u, v, next;
} et[2][M];
int eh[2][N], tot[2];
int be[2 * N], ed[2 * N], sta[2 * N];
int deg[2][N], deg2[N];
int g[N][N];
void add(int u, int v, int i)
{
int t = ++tot[i];
et[i][t].u = u;
et[i][t].v = v;
et[i][t].next = eh[i][u];
eh[i][u] = t;
deg[i][v]++;
}
int topo(int eh[], edge et[], int que[], int deg[])
{
int i, j, k, top = -1, qt = 0;
for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
deg2[i] = deg[i];
for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
if (deg2[i] == 0)
sta[++top] = i;
for (j = 1; j <= n; ++j)
{
if (top == -1) return 0;
int u = sta[top--];
que[qt++] = u;
for (i = eh[u]; i != -1; i = et[i].next)
{
deg2[et[i].v]--;
if (deg2[et[i].v] == 0) sta[++top] = et[i].v;
}
}
return 1;
}
int was[M], cnt;
void slove()
{
int i, j, k;
memset(was, 0, sizeof(was));
printf("%d\n", cnt);
for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i)
{
int u = ed[i];
for (j = 0; j < n; ++j)
if (g[u][be[j]] > 0)
{
if (was[g[u][be[j]]] == 0)
{
was[g[u][be[j]]] = 1;
printf("%d ", g[u][be[j]]);
}
}
}
if (cnt > 0) printf("\n");
}
int main()
{
int i, j, k;
while (scanf("%d%d", &n, &m) != EOF)
{
memset(eh, -1, sizeof(eh));
memset(deg, 0, sizeof(deg));
for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
for (j = 1; j <= n; ++j)
g[i][j] = 0;
tot[1] = tot[0] = 0;
cnt = 0;
int flag = 1;
for (i = 1; i <= m; ++i)
{
int a, b, c;
scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);
add(a, b, 0);
if (c)
{
add(b, a, 1);
cnt++;
if (g[a][b] > 0) flag = 0;
g[a][b] = i;
}
else
add(a, b, 1);
}
if (flag == 0)
{
printf("-1\n\n");
continue;
}
int first = topo(eh[0], et[0], be, deg[0]);
int last = topo(eh[1], et[1], ed, deg[1]);
if (!(first && last))
{
printf("-1\n\n");
continue;
}
slove();
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
posted on 2011-10-15 22:12
LLawliet 閱讀(146)
評論(0) 編輯 收藏 引用 所屬分類:
圖論