作用:
允許一個(gè)對(duì)象在其內(nèi)部狀態(tài)改變時(shí)改變它的行為.
UML結(jié)構(gòu)圖:
解析:
State模式主要解決的是在開(kāi)發(fā)中時(shí)常遇到的根據(jù)不同的狀態(tài)需要進(jìn)行不同的處理操作的問(wèn)題,而這樣的問(wèn)題,大部分人是采用switch-case語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行處理的,這樣會(huì)造成一個(gè)問(wèn)題:分支過(guò)多,而且如果加入一個(gè)新的狀態(tài)就需要對(duì)原來(lái)的代碼進(jìn)行編譯.State模式采用了對(duì)這些不同的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行封裝的方式處理這類(lèi)問(wèn)題,當(dāng)狀態(tài)改變的時(shí)候進(jìn)行處理然后再切換到另一種狀態(tài),也就是說(shuō)把狀態(tài)的切換責(zé)任交給了具體的狀態(tài)類(lèi)去負(fù)責(zé).同時(shí),State模式和Strategy模式在圖示上有很多相似的地方,需要說(shuō)明的是兩者的思想都是一致的,只不過(guò)封裝的東西不同:State模式封裝的是不同的狀態(tài),而Stategy模式封裝的是不同的算法.
實(shí)現(xiàn):
1)State.h
/**//********************************************************************
????created:????2006/08/05
????filename:?????State.h
????author:????????李創(chuàng)
????????????????http://www.shnenglu.com/converse/
????purpose:????State模式的演示代碼
*********************************************************************/
#ifndef?STATE_H
#define?STATE_H
class?State;
class?Context
{
public:
????Context(State*?pState);
????~Context();
????void?Request();
????void?ChangeState(State?*pState);
private:
????State?*m_pState;
};
class?State
{
public:
????virtual?~State(){}
????virtual?void?Handle(Context*?pContext)?=?0;
};
class?ConcreateStateA
????:?public?State
{
public:
????void?Handle(Context*?pContext);
};
class?ConcreateStateB
????:?public?State
{
public:
????void?Handle(Context*?pContext);
};
#endif
2)State.cpp
/**//********************************************************************
????created:????2006/08/05
????filename:?????State.cpp
????author:????????李創(chuàng)
????????????????http://www.shnenglu.com/converse/
????purpose:????State模式的演示代碼
*********************************************************************/
#include?"State.h"
#include?<iostream>
Context::Context(State*?pState)
????:?m_pState(pState)
{
}
Context::~Context()
{
????delete?m_pState;
????m_pState?=?NULL;
}
void?Context::Request()
{
????if?(NULL?!=?m_pState)
????{
????????m_pState->Handle(this);
????}
}
void?Context::ChangeState(State?*pState)
{
????if?(NULL?!=?m_pState)
????{
????????delete?m_pState;
????????m_pState?=?NULL;
????}
????
????m_pState?=?pState;
}
void?ConcreateStateA::Handle(Context*?pContext)
{
????std::cout?<<?"Handle?by?ConcreateStateA\n";
????
????if?(NULL?!=?pContext)
????{
????????pContext->ChangeState(new?ConcreateStateB());
????}
}
void?ConcreateStateB::Handle(Context*?pContext)
{
????std::cout?<<?"Handle?by?ConcreateStateB\n";
????if?(NULL?!=?pContext)
????{
????????pContext->ChangeState(new?ConcreateStateA());
????}
}
3)Main.cpp
/**//********************************************************************
????created:????2006/08/05
????filename:?????Main.cpp
????author:????????李創(chuàng)
????????????????http://www.shnenglu.com/converse/
????purpose:????State模式的測(cè)試代碼
*********************************************************************/
#include?"State.h"
int?main()
{
????State?*pState?=?new?ConcreateStateA();
????Context?*pContext?=?new?Context(pState);
????pContext->Request();
????pContext->Request();
????pContext->Request();
????delete?pContext;
????return?0;
}