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            天行健 君子當自強而不息

            Putting Together a Full Game(10)

             

            Using State-Based Processing

            I developed the sample game to use state-based processing in order to effectively
            use the application class's processing structure. The game uses these four states:

            ■ Main menu state. When executed, the game displays a main menu giving the
            player the option to start a new game, load a game, return to or save a game
            in progress, or to quit the game.

            ■ In-game state. This state is used most often because it takes care of updating
            and rendering each frame of the game.

            ■ Character status window state. Whenever the player right-clicks during gameplay,
            he accesses the character status window. Here, the player can use, equip,
            or unequip items just by clicking them, as well as check on the character’s
            statistics and known spells.

            ■ Barter window state. When the player talks to the villager, the barter window
            opens in order to buy items. Click items to buy or press Esc or the right
            mouse button to exit.

            You use a state manager object to control the processing of these four states.

             

            menu_frame:

             You use the menu_frame function to display the main menu, which, in all its glory, has
             a spinning texture-mapped polygon overlaid with the main menu options. The purpose
             of the menu_frame function is to track which option is being selected and to handle
             the appropriate functions.

            void menu_frame(void* data, long purpose)
            {
                
            static const sMenuVertex verts[] = 
                {
                    { -100.0f,  100.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },
                    {  100.0f,  100.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },
                    { -100.0f, -100.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f },
                    {  100.0f, -100.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }
                };
                
                
            static IDirect3DVertexBuffer9*  menu_vb;
                
            static IDirect3DTexture9*       menu_texture;
                
            static IDirect3DTexture9*       menu_select;
                
            static ID3DXFont*               title_font;
                
            static cCamera                  menu_cam;
                
            static cWorldPos                menu_pos;
                
                cApp* app = (cApp*) data;

                
            if(purpose == INIT_PURPOSE) // initialize menu related data
                {   
                    
            // create and set the menu vertices
                    create_vertex_buffer(&menu_vb, array_num(verts), sizeof(sMenuVertex), MENU_FVF);
                    fill_in_vertex_buffer(menu_vb, 0, array_num(verts), verts);

                    load_texture_from_file(&menu_texture, "..\\Data\\MenuBD.bmp", 0, D3DFMT_UNKNOWN);
                    load_texture_from_file(&menu_select,  "..\\Data\\Select.bmp", 0, D3DFMT_UNKNOWN);

                    create_font(&title_font, "Consolas", 48, 
            falsefalse);
                    menu_cam.point(0.0f, 0.0f, -150.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
                }
                
            else if(purpose == SHUTDOWN_PURPOSE)    // shutdown resources used in menu
                {
                    release_com(menu_vb);
                    release_com(menu_texture);
                    release_com(menu_select);
                    release_com(title_font);
                }
                
            else    // process a frame of menu
                {
                    
            // exit game or return to game if ESC pressed
                    if(app->m_keyboard.get_key_state(KEY_ESC))
                    {
                        app->m_keyboard.m_locks[KEY_ESC] = 
            true;
                        app->m_keyboard.set_key_state(KEY_ESC, 
            false);

                        app->m_state_manager.pop(app);
                        
            return;
                    }        

                    
            // see which option was selected if mouse button pressed
                    if(app->m_mouse.get_button_state(MOUSE_LBUTTON))
                    {
                        
            // lock the mouse button and clear button state
                        app->m_mouse.m_locks[MOUSE_LBUTTON] = true;
                        app->m_mouse.set_button_state(MOUSE_LBUTTON, 
            false);

                        
            // determine which, if any selection.

                        
            long mouse_start = app->m_mouse.get_y_pos() - MAIN_MENU_TOP;

                        
            if(mouse_start >= 0)
                        {
                            
            long hit_index = mouse_start / MAIN_MENU_HEIGHT;
                            
                            app->m_state_manager.pop(app);  
            // pop the menu state

                            // determine what to do based on selection
                            switch(hit_index)
                            {
                            
            case NEW_GAME:
                                app->m_state_manager.pop_all(app);

                                app->m_game_chars.free();
                                app->m_game_spells.free();
                                app->m_game_script.reset_data();
                                
                                app->m_game_chars.add_char(ID_PLAYER, 0, CHAR_PC, CHAR_STAND, -100.0f, 0.0f, 50.0f, 3.14f);
                                g_player = app->m_game_chars.get_char(ID_PLAYER);

                                app->m_teleport_map = -1;

                                app->m_state_manager.push(game_frame, app);

                                
            // start new game and let script process as startup
                                app->load_level(1);

                                
            break;

                            
            case RETURN_TO_GAME:
                                app->m_state_manager.push(game_frame, app);
                                
            break;

                            
            case LOAD_GAME:
                                app->m_state_manager.pop_all(app);

                                app->m_game_chars.free();
                                app->m_game_spells.free();

                                app->m_game_chars.add_char(ID_PLAYER, 0, CHAR_PC, CHAR_STAND, -100.0f, 0.0f, 50.0f, 3.14f);
                                g_player = app->m_game_chars.get_char(ID_PLAYER);

                                
            // load character's stats and inventory
                                app->m_game_chars.load_char(ID_PLAYER, "..\\Data\\Char.cs");
                                g_player->char_ics->load("..\\Data\\Char.ci");

                                
            if(g_player->char_def.weapon != -1)
                                    app->m_game_chars.equip(g_player, g_player->char_def.weapon, WEAPON, 
            true);

                                g_player->health_points = g_player->char_def.health_points;
                                g_player->mana_points   = g_player->char_def.mana_points;

                                app->m_game_script.load("..\\Data\\Script.sav");
                                app->m_teleport_map = -1;

                                app->m_state_manager.push(game_frame, app);

                                app->m_game_chars.move_char(ID_PLAYER, 100.0f, 0.0f, -100.0f);
                                app->load_level(1);     
            // start in town

                                
            break;

                            
            case SAVE_GAME:
                                app->m_game_script.save("..\\Data\\Script.sav");

                                
            // save character's stats and inventory
                                app->m_game_chars.save_char(ID_PLAYER, "..\\Data\\Char.cs");
                                g_player->char_ics->save("..\\Data\\Char.ci");

                                
            break;

                            
            case QUIT_GAME:
                                app->m_state_manager.pop_all(app);
                                
            break;
                            }

                            
            return;
                        }
                    }   
            // [end] if(app->m_mouse.get_button_state(MOUSE_LBUTTON))

                    set_display_camera(&menu_cam);
                    
                    menu_pos.rotate(0.0f, 0.0f, timeGetTime() / 4000.0f);   
            // rotate backdrop

                    // render menu backdrop and all menus

                    begin_display_scene();

                    disable_zbuffer();
                    set_display_world(&menu_pos);
                    g_d3d_device->SetTexture(0, menu_texture);
                    render_vertex_buffer(menu_vb, 0, 2, D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP);

                    
            // draw the game's title
                    draw_font(title_font, g_title_name, 0, 16, CLIENT_WIDTH, 0, COLOR_LIGHT_YELLOW, DT_CENTER);

                    
            // select option based on mouse position

                    
            long mouse_start = app->m_mouse.get_y_pos() - MAIN_MENU_TOP;

                    
            if(mouse_start >= 0)
                    {
                        
            long hit_index = mouse_start / MAIN_MENU_HEIGHT;

                        
            if( hit_index == NEW_GAME ||
                           (hit_index == RETURN_TO_GAME && (g_menu_options & MENU_BACK)) ||
                           (hit_index == LOAD_GAME && (g_menu_options & MENU_LOAD)) ||
                           (hit_index == SAVE_GAME && (g_menu_options & MENU_SAVE)) ||
                           (hit_index == QUIT_GAME))
                        {
                            begin_display_sprite();

                            RECT rect;
                            calculate_texture_rect(menu_select, 0, 0, 0, 0, &rect);

                            
            long dest_y = hit_index * MAIN_MENU_HEIGHT + MAIN_MENU_TOP;
                            draw_texture(g_d3d_sprite, menu_select, &rect, 192, dest_y, 1.0f, 1.0f, COLOR_WHITE);

                            end_display_sprite();
                        }
                    }

                    
            // draw enabled options 
                    
                    draw_font(app->m_font, "New Game", 0, 150, CLIENT_WIDTH, 0, COLOR_LIGHT_YELLOW, DT_CENTER);

                    
            if(g_menu_options & MENU_BACK)
                        draw_font(app->m_font, "Back to Game", 0, 214, CLIENT_WIDTH, 0, COLOR_LIGHT_YELLOW, DT_CENTER);

                    
            if(g_menu_options & MENU_LOAD)
                        draw_font(app->m_font, "Load Game", 0, 278, CLIENT_WIDTH, 0, COLOR_LIGHT_YELLOW, DT_CENTER);

                    
            if(g_menu_options & MENU_SAVE)
                        draw_font(app->m_font, "Save Game", 0, 342, CLIENT_WIDTH, 0, COLOR_LIGHT_YELLOW, DT_CENTER);
                    
                    draw_font(app->m_font, "Quit", 0, 410, CLIENT_WIDTH, 0, COLOR_LIGHT_YELLOW, DT_CENTER);

                    end_display_scene();

                    present_display();
                }
            }

            posted on 2007-12-29 21:22 lovedday 閱讀(241) 評論(0)  編輯 收藏 引用

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