亚洲日本在线观看,亚洲欧洲三级,伊人久久大香线蕉综合热线

創建游戲內核（10）

本篇是創建游戲內核（9）的續篇，其中涉及到的3D圖形基礎知識請參閱D3D中基本三角形面的繪制。

圖形系統和GRAPHICS

GRAPHICS用于設置顯示模式和渲染狀態以及清除設備等，一旦初始化了GRAPHICS對象，就能夠同幾乎所有圖形內核的類組件結合起來使用。

來看看GRAPHICS類的定義：

class GRAPHICS
{
protected:
    HWND                _hwnd;          // window handle pointer to parent window
    IDirect3D9*         _d3d;           // pointer to Direct3D
    IDirect3DDevice9*   _d3d_device;    // pointer to Direct3D device
    ID3DXSprite*        _sprite;        // pointer to Direct3D sprite

    D3DDISPLAYMODE      _display_mode;  // display mode

    BOOL                _is_windowed;   // flag indicates whether use window mode
    BOOL                _use_zbuffer;   // flag indicates whethre use z-buffer
    BOOL                _support_hal;   // flag indicates whether support hardware accelerator

    long                _width;         // display mode width
    long                _height;        // display mode height
    char                _bpp;           // bits per pixel

    unsigned char       _ambient_red;   // ambient red color value
    unsigned char       _ambient_green; // ambient green color value
    unsigned char       _ambient_blue;  // ambient blue color value

public:
    GRAPHICS();
    ~GRAPHICS();

    IDirect3D9*         Get_Direct3D_COM();
    IDirect3DDevice9*   Get_Device_COM();
    ID3DXSprite*        Get_Sprite_COM();

    BOOL Init();
    void Shutdown();

    BOOL Set_Mode(HWND hwnd, BOOL is_windowed = TRUE, BOOL use_zbuffer = FALSE,
                  long width = 0, long height = 0, char bpp = 0);

    long Get_Num_Display_Modes(D3DFORMAT format);
    BOOL Get_Display_Mode_Info(long mode_index, D3DDISPLAYMODE* display_mode, D3DFORMAT format);

    char Get_Format_Bpp(D3DFORMAT format);
    BOOL Check_Format(D3DFORMAT format, BOOL is_windowed, BOOL support_hal);

    BOOL Display();

    BOOL Begin_Scene();
    BOOL End_Scene();

    BOOL Begin_Sprite();
    BOOL End_Sprite();

    BOOL Clear(long color = 0, float zbuffer = 1.0f);
    BOOL Clear_Display(long color = 0);
    BOOL Clear_ZBuffer(float zbuffer = 1.0f);

    long Get_Width();
    long Get_Height();
    char Get_Bpp();
    BOOL Support_Hal();
    BOOL Use_ZBuffer();

    BOOL Set_Perspective(float fov = D3DX_PI / 4.0f, float aspect = 1.3333f,
                         float near_z = 1.0f, float far_z = 10000.0f);

    BOOL Set_World_Position(WORLD_POSITION* world_pos);
    BOOL Set_Camera(CAMERA* camera);
    BOOL Set_Light(long light_index, LIGHT* light);
    BOOL Set_Material(MATERIAL* material);
    BOOL Set_Texture(short texture_sample, TEXTURE* texture);

    BOOL Set_Ambient_Light(unsigned char red, unsigned char green, unsigned char blue);
    void Get_Ambient_Light(unsigned char* red, unsigned char* green, unsigned char* blue);

    BOOL Enable_Light(long light_index, BOOL enable = TRUE);
    BOOL Enable_Lighting(BOOL enable = TRUE);
    BOOL Enable_ZBuffer(BOOL enable = TRUE);

BOOL Enable_Alpha_Blendin(BOOL enable = TRUE, DWORD source = D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA,
DWORD dest = D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA);

BOOL Enable_Alpha_Testing(BOOL enalbe = TRUE);
};

再來看看類GRAPHICS的實現：

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Constructor, initialize data member.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAPHICS::GRAPHICS()
{
    _hwnd = NULL;

    _d3d        = NULL;
    _d3d_device = NULL;
    _sprite     = NULL;

    _ambient_red = _ambient_green = _ambient_blue = 255;

    _width  = 0;
    _height = 0;
    _bpp    = 0;

    _is_windowed = TRUE;
    _use_zbuffer = FALSE;
    _support_hal = FALSE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Destructor, release all COM objects.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
GRAPHICS::~GRAPHICS()
{
    Shutdown();
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize graphics component, just create Direct3D object.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Init()
{
    Shutdown();

    return ((_d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION)) != NULL);
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set display mode for D3D.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Set_Mode(HWND hwnd, BOOL is_windowed, BOOL use_zbuffer, long width, long height, char bpp)
{
    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS   present_para;
    D3DFORMAT format, alt_format;
    RECT wnd_rect, client_rect;
    long wnd_width, wnd_height;
    float aspect;

    // error checking
    if((_hwnd = hwnd) == NULL || _d3d == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    // 1) get the current display format

    if(FAILED(_d3d->GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &_display_mode)))
        return FALSE;

    // 2) Configure width, height, bpp; resizing window.

    // configure width
    if(width == 0)
    {
        if(! is_windowed)   // default to screen width if fullscreen
            _width = _display_mode.Width;
        else                // otherwise grab from client size
        {
            GetClientRect(_hwnd, &client_rect);
            _width = client_rect.right;
        }
    }
    else
        _width = width;

    // configure height
    if(height == 0)
    {
        if(! is_windowed)   // default to screen height if fullscreen
            _height = _display_mode.Height;
        else                // Otherwise grab from client size
        {
            GetClientRect(_hwnd, &client_rect);
            _height = client_rect.bottom;
        }
    }
    else
        _height = height;

    // configure bpp
    if(!(_bpp = bpp) || is_windowed)
    {
        // get dsiplay bpp
        if(! (_bpp = Get_Format_Bpp(_display_mode.Format)))
            return FALSE;
    }

    // resize client window if using windowed mode
    if(is_windowed)
    {
        GetWindowRect(_hwnd, &wnd_rect);
        GetClientRect(_hwnd, &client_rect);

        wnd_width  = (wnd_rect.right - wnd_rect.left) - client_rect.right + _width;
        wnd_height = (wnd_rect.bottom - wnd_rect.top) - client_rect.bottom + _height;

        MoveWindow(_hwnd, wnd_rect.left, wnd_rect.top, wnd_width, wnd_height, TRUE);
    }

    // 3) setup presentation parameters

    // clear presentation structure
    ZeroMemory(&present_para, sizeof(D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS));

    // default to no hardware acceleration detected
    _support_hal = FALSE;

    // setup windowed or fullscreen usage
    if((_is_windowed = is_windowed) == TRUE)
    {
        present_para.Windowed = TRUE;
        present_para.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
        present_para.BackBufferFormat = _display_mode.Format;

        // see if video card supports hardware acceleration
        if(! Check_Format(_display_mode.Format, TRUE, TRUE))
            return FALSE;

        _support_hal = TRUE;
    }
    else    // fullscreen mode
    {
        present_para.Windowed                   = FALSE;
        present_para.SwapEffect                 = D3DSWAPEFFECT_FLIP;
        present_para.BackBufferWidth            = _width;
        present_para.BackBufferHeight           = _height;
        present_para.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT;
        present_para.PresentationInterval       = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_ONE;

        // figure display format to use
        if(_bpp == 32)
        {
            format     = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
            alt_format = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
        }
        else if(_bpp == 24)
        {
            format     = D3DFMT_R8G8B8;
            alt_format = D3DFMT_R8G8B8;
        }
        else if(_bpp == 16)
        {
            format     = D3DFMT_R5G6B5;
            alt_format = D3DFMT_X1R5G5B5;
        }
        else if(_bpp = 8)
        {
            format     = D3DFMT_P8;
            alt_format = D3DFMT_P8;
        }

        // check for hal device
        if(Check_Format(format, FALSE, TRUE))
            _support_hal = TRUE;
        else
        {
            // check for hal device in alternate format
            if(Check_Format(alt_format, FALSE, TRUE))
            {
                _support_hal = TRUE;
                format = alt_format;
            }
            else
            {
                // check for emulation device in alternate format
                if(! Check_Format(alt_format, FALSE, FALSE))
                    return FALSE;
                else
                    format = alt_format;
            }
        }

        present_para.BackBufferFormat = format;
    }

    // setup zbuffer format - 16bit
    if((_use_zbuffer = use_zbuffer) == TRUE)
    {
        present_para.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
        present_para.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
    }
    else
        present_para.EnableAutoDepthStencil = FALSE;

    // create the Direct3D device object
    if(FAILED(_d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
        _support_hal ? D3DDEVTYPE_HAL : D3DDEVTYPE_REF,
        hwnd, D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &present_para, &_d3d_device)))
    {
        if(! _use_zbuffer)
            return FALSE;

        // Now, create Direct3D device no use zbuffer.

        _use_zbuffer = FALSE;

        present_para.EnableAutoDepthStencil = FALSE;

        if(FAILED(_d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
            _support_hal ? D3DDEVTYPE_HAL : D3DDEVTYPE_REF,
            hwnd, D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &present_para, &_d3d_device)))
        {
            return FALSE;
        }
    }

    // 4) set rendering state

    // set default rendering states
    Enable_Lighting(FALSE);
    Enable_ZBuffer(_use_zbuffer);
    Enable_Alpha_Blending(FALSE);
    Enable_Alpha_Testing(FALSE);

    // Enable texture rendering stages and filter types
    _d3d_device->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE);
    _d3d_device->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG2, D3DTA_DIFFUSE);
    _d3d_device->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLOROP,   D3DTOP_MODULATE);

    // Set the sampler state value
    _d3d_device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);
    _d3d_device->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);

    // 5) set color and transform matrix

    // Set default ambient color to white
    Set_Ambient_Light(255, 255, 255);

    // calculate the aspect ratio based on window size
    aspect = (float)_height / _width;
    Set_Perspective(D3DX_PI/4, aspect, 1.0f, 10000.0f);

    // 6) create sprite object

    // Create a sprite object which is associated with a particular device.
    // Sprite objects are used to draw 2D image to the screen.
    if(FAILED(D3DXCreateSprite(_d3d_device, &_sprite)))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Release graphics COM object.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
void GRAPHICS::Shutdown()
{
    Release_COM(_sprite);
    Release_COM(_d3d_device);
    Release_COM(_d3d);
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get pointer to Direct3D.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
IDirect3D9* GRAPHICS::Get_Direct3D_COM()
{
    return _d3d;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get pointer to Direct3D device.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
IDirect3DDevice9* GRAPHICS::Get_Device_COM()
{
    return _d3d_device;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get pointer to Direct3D sprite.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
ID3DXSprite* GRAPHICS::Get_Sprite_COM()
{
    return _sprite;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns the number of display modes available on this adapter.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
long GRAPHICS::Get_Num_Display_Modes(D3DFORMAT format)
{
    if(_d3d == NULL)
        return 0;

    return (long)_d3d->GetAdapterModeCount(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, format);
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get display mode information.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Get_Display_Mode_Info(long mode_index, D3DDISPLAYMODE* display_mode, D3DFORMAT format)
{
    if(_d3d == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    // Get the number of display modes available on this adapter
    long max_mode = Get_Num_Display_Modes(format);

    if(mode_index >= max_mode)
        return FALSE;

    // Queries the device to determine whether the specified adapter supports the requested format and display mode.
    // This method could be used in a loop to enumerate all the available adapter modes.
    if(FAILED(_d3d->EnumAdapterModes(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, format, mode_index, display_mode)))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get display mode BPP.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
char GRAPHICS::Get_Format_Bpp(D3DFORMAT format)
{
    switch(format)
    {
    // 32 bit modes
    case D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8:
    case D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8:
        return 32;

    // 24 bit modes
    case D3DFMT_R8G8B8:
        return 24;

    // 16 bit modes
    case D3DFMT_R5G6B5:
    case D3DFMT_X1R5G5B5:
    case D3DFMT_A1R5G5B5:
    case D3DFMT_A4R4G4B4:
        return 16;

    // 8 bit modes
    case D3DFMT_A8P8:
    case D3DFMT_P8:
        return 8;
    }

    return 0;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Check whether specified display mode is supported on this adapter.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Check_Format(D3DFORMAT format, BOOL is_windowed, BOOL support_hal)
{
    // verifies whether a hardware accelerated device type can be used on this adapter
    if(FAILED(_d3d->CheckDeviceType(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, support_hal ? D3DDEVTYPE_HAL : D3DDEVTYPE_REF,
                                    format, format, is_windowed)))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Enables or disables a set of lighting parameters.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Enable_Light(long light_index, BOOL enable)
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    // enables or disables a set of lighting parameters within a device
    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->LightEnable(light_index, enable)))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Enable or disable light.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Enable_Lighting(BOOL enable)
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, enable)))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Enable or disable z-buffer.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Enable_ZBuffer(BOOL enable)
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL || !_use_zbuffer)
        return FALSE;

    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZENABLE, enable ? D3DZB_TRUE : D3DZB_FALSE)))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Enable or disable alpha blending.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Enable_Alpha_Blending(BOOL enable, DWORD source, DWORD dest)
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    // enable or disable alpha blending
    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, enable)))
        return FALSE;

    // set blend type
    if(enable)
    {
        _d3d_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SRCBLEND,  source);
        _d3d_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_DESTBLEND, dest);
    }

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Enable or disable alpha testing.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Enable_Alpha_Testing(BOOL enable)
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHATESTENABLE, enable)))
        return FALSE;

    // set alpha testing type
    if(enable)
    {
        _d3d_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHAREF,  0x08);
        _d3d_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHAFUNC, D3DCMP_GREATEREQUAL);
    }

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set ambient light color.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Set_Ambient_Light(unsigned char red, unsigned char green, unsigned char blue)
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    _ambient_red   = red;
    _ambient_green = green;
    _ambient_blue  = blue;

    D3DCOLOR color = D3DCOLOR_XRGB(_ambient_red, _ambient_green, _ambient_blue);

    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_AMBIENT, color)))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get ambient light color.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
void GRAPHICS::Get_Ambient_Light(unsigned char* red, unsigned char* green, unsigned char* blue)
{
    if(red != NULL)     *red   = _ambient_red;
    if(green != NULL)   *green = _ambient_green;
    if(blue != NULL)    *blue  = _ambient_blue;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set perspective projection transform matrix.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Set_Perspective(float fov, float aspect, float near_z, float far_z)
{
    D3DXMATRIX mat_proj;

    if(_d3d_device == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    // builds a left-handed perspective projection matrix based on a field of view
    D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&mat_proj, fov, aspect, near_z, far_z);

    // set projection matrix
    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &mat_proj)))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Inform D3D begin graphic render.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Begin_Scene()
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->BeginScene()))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Inform D3D end graphic render.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::End_Scene()
{
    // error checking
    if(_d3d_device == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    // release all textures
    for(short i = 0; i < 8; i++)
        _d3d_device->SetTexture(i, NULL);

    // end the scene
    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->EndScene()))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Prepares a device for drawing sprites.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Begin_Sprite()
{
    if(_sprite == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    if(FAILED(_sprite->Begin(0)))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// End sprite render.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::End_Sprite()
{
    if(_sprite == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    // Forces all batched sprites to be submitted to the device.
    // Restores the device state to how it was before ID3DXSprite::Begin was called.
    if(FAILED(_sprite->End()))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Presents the contents of the next buffer in the sequence of back
// buffers owned by the device.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Display()
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL)))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Clear screen, if using z-buffer, then clear z-buffer too.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Clear(long color, float zbuffer)
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    // only clear screen if no zbuffer
    if(! _use_zbuffer)
        return Clear_Display(color);

    // clear display and zbuffer
    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, color, zbuffer, 0)))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Clear display buffer with specified color.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Clear_Display(long color)
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, color, 1.0f, 0)))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Clear z-buffer.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Clear_ZBuffer(float zbuffer)
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL || !_use_zbuffer)
        return FALSE;

    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0, zbuffer, 0)))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get display mode width.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
long GRAPHICS::Get_Width()
{
    return _width;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get display mode height.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
long GRAPHICS::Get_Height()
{
    return _height;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get BPP.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
char GRAPHICS::Get_Bpp()
{
    return _bpp;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get flags which indicates whether support hardware acceleration.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Support_Hal()
{
    return _support_hal;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get flags which indicates whether using z-buffer.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Use_ZBuffer()
{
    return _use_zbuffer;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set view transform matrix.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Set_Camera(CAMERA* camera)
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL || camera == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, camera->Get_Matrix())))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set world transform matrix.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Set_World_Position(WORLD_POSITION* world_pos)
{
    if(world_pos == NULL || _d3d_device == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, world_pos->Get_Matrix(this))))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set light for Direct3D device.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Set_Light(long light_index, LIGHT *light)
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL || light == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    if(FAILED(_d3d_device->SetLight(light_index, light->Get_Light())))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set material for Direct3D device.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Set_Material(MATERIAL *material)
{
    if(_d3d_device == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    if(material)
    {
        if(FAILED(_d3d_device->SetMaterial(material->Get_Material())))
            return FALSE;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set texture for Direct3D device.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL GRAPHICS::Set_Texture(short texture_sample, TEXTURE *texture)
{
    // error checking
    if(_d3d_device == NULL || texture_sample < 0 || texture_sample > 7)
        return FALSE;

    if(texture == NULL)
    {
        // clear the texture
        if(FAILED(_d3d_device->SetTexture(texture_sample, NULL)))
            return FALSE;
    }
    else
    {
        // set the texture
        if(FAILED(_d3d_device->SetTexture(texture_sample, texture->Get_Texture_COM())))
            return FALSE;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

使用GRAPHICS類，首先要調用GRAPHICS::Init，接著調用GRAPHICS::Set_Mode設置各種顯示模式，Set_Mode最少只需要一個父窗口句柄，缺省情況下，顯示模式被設置成不帶Z緩沖的窗口進行輸出。如果要使用全屏，必須將is_windowed參數設置為FALSE，并指定有效的width，height以及每像素的位數。如果將以上任何值設置成0，Set_Mode就會使用當前桌面設置，如果使用窗口模式并指定了不同的width和height，父窗口就會被重新調整大小，以適合這些width和height值。GRAPHICS::Set_Mode是一個比較“聰明”的函數，它會檢測硬件是否支持硬件加速和Z緩沖，如果這兩個特性都不支持，Set_Mode函數就會使用Direct3D模擬3D函數并停止使用Z緩沖以確保此模式能夠被設置。

在渲染任何東西之前，必須調用GRAPHICS::Begin_Scene函數，在渲染完成之后，要調用GRAPHICS::End_Scene函數，隨后再調用GRAPHICS::Display函數以顯示圖形。要在渲染之前清除屏幕，直接調用適當的清除函數即可。如果沒有使用Z緩沖，就不要調用Clear函數，而要使用Clear_Display函數，因為Clear函數需要一個Z緩沖值。

要設置和啟用光照，需要調用GRAPHICS::Enable_Lighting函數。Alpha混合能夠帶來奇妙的效果，而且還允許程序員指定精確的混合值（用于源混合和目標混合），Alpha測試能夠幫助程序員繪制那些麻煩的透明紋理。

以下給出測試代碼：

點擊下載源碼和工程

/*****************************************************************************
PURPOSE:
    Test for class GRAPHICS.
*****************************************************************************/

#include "Core_Global.h"

#pragma warning(disable : 4996)

//===========================================================================
// Defines class APP which public inherits from class APPLICATION.
//===========================================================================
class APP : public APPLICATION
{
private:
    GRAPHICS  _graphics;
    TEXTURE   _texture;
    IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* _vertex_buffer;

    // The 2D vertex format and descriptor
    typedef struct
    {
        float x, y, z;  // 2D coordinates
        float rhw;      // rhw
        float u, v;     // texture coordinates
    } VERTEX;

    #define VERTEX_FVF   (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_TEX1)

public:
    APP();

    BOOL Init();
    BOOL Shutdown();
    BOOL Frame();
};

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Consturctor, initialize member data.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
APP::APP()
{
    _vertex_buffer = NULL;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize graphics, set display mode, set vertex buffer, load texture file.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL APP::Init()
{
    BYTE* vertex_ptr;

    // initialize vertex data
    VERTEX verts[] = {
      {  50.0f,  50.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },
      { 350.0f,  50.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },
      {  50.0f, 350.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f },
      { 350.0f, 350.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }
    };

    // initialize graphics
    if (! _graphics.Init())
        return FALSE;

    // set display mode for graphics
    if(! _graphics.Set_Mode(Get_Hwnd(), TRUE, FALSE, 400, 400, 16))
        return FALSE;

    // create the vertex buffer and set data
    _graphics.Get_Device_COM()->CreateVertexBuffer(sizeof(VERTEX) * 4, 0, VERTEX_FVF,
        D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &_vertex_buffer, NULL);

    // locks a range of vertex data and obtains a pointer to the vertex buffer memory
    _vertex_buffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&vertex_ptr, 0);

    memcpy(vertex_ptr, verts, sizeof(verts));

    // unlocks vertex data
    _vertex_buffer->Unlock();

    // load texture file
    if(! _texture.Load(&_graphics, "Texture.jpg"))
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Release all d3d resource.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL APP::Shutdown()
{
    Release_COM(_vertex_buffer);

    return TRUE;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Render a frame.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL APP::Frame()
{
    // clear display with specified color
    _graphics.Clear_Display(D3DCOLOR_RGBA(0, 0, 0, 255));

    // begin scene
    if(_graphics.Begin_Scene())
    {
        // set the vertex stream, shader, and texture.

        // binds a vertex buffer to a device data stream
        _graphics.Get_Device_COM()->SetStreamSource(0, _vertex_buffer, 0, sizeof(VERTEX));

        // set the current vertex stream declation
        _graphics.Get_Device_COM()->SetFVF(VERTEX_FVF);

        // assigns a texture to a stage for a device
        _graphics.Set_Texture(0, &_texture);

        // renders a sequence of noindexed, geometric primitives of the specified type from the current set
        // of data input stream.
        _graphics.Get_Device_COM()->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 2);

        // release texture
        _graphics.Set_Texture(0, NULL);

        // end the scene
        _graphics.End_Scene();
    }

    // display video buffer
    _graphics.Display();

    return TRUE;
}

int PASCAL WinMain(HINSTANCE inst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR cmd_line, int cmd_show)
{
    APP app;

    return app.Run();
}

運行截圖：

posted on 2007-09-03 15:03 lovedday 閱讀(825) 評論(0) 編輯收藏引用

只有注冊用戶登錄后才能發表評論。
【推薦】100%開源！大型工業跨平臺軟件C++源碼提供，建模，組態！



網站導航: 博客園 IT新聞 BlogJava 博問 Chat2DB 管理

青青草原综合久久大伊人导航_色综合久久天天综合_日日噜噜夜夜狠狠久久丁香五月_热久久这里只有精品

天行健君子當自強而不息

創建游戲內核（10）

公告

導航

統計

常用鏈接

隨筆分類(178)

3D游戲編程相關鏈接

搜索

最新評論

青青草原综合久久大伊人导航_色综合久久天天综合_日日噜噜夜夜狠狠久久丁香五月_热久久这里只有精品

天行健 君子當自強而不息

創建游戲內核（10）

公告

導航

統計

常用鏈接

隨筆分類(178)

3D游戲編程相關鏈接

搜索

最新評論

天行健君子當自強而不息