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C++多線程（四）

多線程同步之WIN API互鎖函數（可以避免使用CriticalSection或Mutex）

一互鎖函數

      互鎖函數的家族十分的龐大，可以查看msdn（http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms686360.aspx）以InterLocked開始的函數都是戶數函數。使用互鎖函數的優點是：他的速度要比其他的CriticalSection,Mutex,Event,Semaphore快很多。

二簡單實例

      使用一些實例說明部分互鎖函數的使用：

1) LONG InterlockedExchangeAdd(   PLONG plAddend,LONG Increment);

簡單實例，在線程函數中對全局的變量自增，在開始使其為0，在線程都執行完以后輸出全局變量的值，如果我們不使用互鎖函數，則最后輸出的結果，大部分情況是不正確的，比如我們一共有10000個線程的話，則全局變量的值一般是比10000要小；但是如果我們使用互鎖函數來實現自增，則就快速的實現了線程安全，最后輸出的全局變量一定是10000.

#include <windows.h>

#include <process.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#define THREAD_MAX 100000

int g_x = 0;

unsigned __stdcall ThreadEntity(void * pVoid)

{

g_x++;

//InterlockedExchangeAdd(reinterpret_cast<long*>(&g_x),1);

return 1;

}

int main()

{

HANDLE hth[THREAD_MAX];

unsigned uiThreadID[THREAD_MAX];

printf("start create children threadings:\n");

for(int i = 0; i < THREAD_MAX; ++i)

{

hth[i] = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex( NULL, // security

0, // stack size

ThreadEntity,

(void*)&i, // arg list

&uiThreadID[i] );

if ( hth[i]== 0 )

printf("Failed to create thread 1\n");

}

WaitForMultipleObjects( THREAD_MAX, hth,true,10000);

for(int i = 0; i<THREAD_MAX; ++i)

CloseHandle( hth[i] );

printf("last: g_x is %d\n",g_x);

printf("Primary thread terminating.\n");

}

在上面的代碼中使用了 //InterlockedExchangeAdd(reinterpret_cast<long*>(&g_x),1); 來實現g_x的線程安全的自增。

2）使用LONG InterlockedExchange(PLONG plTarget,LONG lValue);實現循環鎖：

// Global variable indicating whether a shared resource is in use or not

BOOL g_fResourceInUse = FALSE;

void Func1()

{

//Wait to access the resource.

while(InterlockedExchange(&g_fResourceInUse, TRUE) == TRUE)

Sleep(0);

//Access the resource.

//We no longer need to access the resource.

InterlockedExchange(&g_fResourceInUse, FALSE);

}

3）太多了，不舉了，以后用到了再放到這里把。

三互鎖函數列表

一般的互鎖函數：

Interlocked function	Description
InterlockedAdd	Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONG values.
InterlockedAdd64	Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONGLONG values.
InterlockedAddAcquire	Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAddAcquire64	Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAddRelease	Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAddRelease64	Performs an atomic addition operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONG values.
InterlockedAndAcquire	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAndRelease	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd8	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified char values.
InterlockedAnd8Acquire	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd8Release	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd16	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified SHORT values.
InterlockedAnd16Acquire	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd16Release	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd64	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONGLONG values.
InterlockedAnd64Acquire	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedAnd64Release	Performs an atomic AND operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedBitTestAndReset	Tests the specified bit of the specified LONG value and sets it to 0.
InterlockedBitTestAndReset64	Tests the specified bit of the specified LONG64 value and sets it to 0.
InterlockedBitTestAndSet	Tests the specified bit of the specified LONG value and sets it to 1.
InterlockedBitTestAndSet64	Tests the specified bit of the specified LONG64 value and sets it to 1.
InterlockedCompare64Exchange128	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares the specified 64-bit values and exchanges with the specified 128-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison.
InterlockedCompare64ExchangeAcquire128	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares the specified 64-bit values and exchanges with the specified 128-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompare64ExchangeRelease128	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares the specified 64-bit values and exchanges with the specified 128-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchange	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 32-bit values and exchanges with another 32-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison.
InterlockedCompareExchange64	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 64-bit values and exchanges with another 64-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison.
InterlockedCompareExchangeAcquire	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 32-bit values and exchanges with another 32-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangeAcquire64	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 64-bit values and exchanges with another 64-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The exchange is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangePointer	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified pointer values. The function compares two specified pointer values and exchanges with another pointer value based on the outcome of the comparison.
InterlockedCompareExchangePointerAcquire	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified pointer values. The function compares two specified pointer values and exchanges with another pointer value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangePointerRelease	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified pointer values. The function compares two specified pointer values and exchanges with another pointer value based on the outcome of the comparison. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangeRelease	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 32-bit values and exchanges with another 32-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The exchange is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedCompareExchangeRelease64	Performs an atomic compare-and-exchange operation on the specified values. The function compares two specified 64-bit values and exchanges with another 64-bit value based on the outcome of the comparison. The exchange is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedDecrement	Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation.
InterlockedDecrement64	Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation.
InterlockedDecrementAcquire	Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedDecrementAcquire64	Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedDecrementRelease	Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedDecrementRelease64	Decrements (decreases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchange	Sets a 32-bit variable to the specified value as an atomic operation.
InterlockedExchange64	Sets a 64-bit variable to the specified value as an atomic operation.
InterlockedExchangeAcquire	Sets a 32-bit variable to the specified value as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAcquire64	Sets a 32-bit variable to the specified value as an atomic operation. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAdd	Performs an atomic addition of two 32-bit values.
InterlockedExchangeAdd64	Performs an atomic addition of two 64-bit values.
InterlockedExchangeAddAcquire	Performs an atomic addition of two 32-bit values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAddAcquire64	Performs an atomic addition of two 64-bit values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAddRelease	Performs an atomic addition of two 32-bit values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangeAddRelease64	Performs an atomic addition of two 64-bit values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedExchangePointer	Atomically exchanges a pair of pointer values.
InterlockedExchangePointerAcquire	Atomically exchanges a pair of pointer values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedIncrement	Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation.
InterlockedIncrement64	Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation.
InterlockedIncrementAcquire	Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed using acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedIncrementAcquire64	Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed using acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedIncrementRelease	Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 32-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed using release memory access semantics.
InterlockedIncrementRelease64	Increments (increases by one) the value of the specified 64-bit variable as an atomic operation. The operation is performed using release memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONG values.
InterlockedOrAcquire	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedOrRelease	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr8	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified char values.
InterlockedOr8Acquire	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr8Release	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr16	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified SHORT values.
InterlockedOr16Acquire	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr16Release	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr64	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONGLONG values.
InterlockedOr64Acquire	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedOr64Release	Performs an atomic OR operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONG values.
InterlockedXorAcquire	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedXorRelease	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor8	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified char values.
InterlockedXor8Acquire	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor8Release	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified char values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor16	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified SHORT values.
InterlockedXor16Acquire	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor16Release	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified SHORT values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor64	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONGLONG values.
InterlockedXor64Acquire	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with acquire memory access semantics.
InterlockedXor64Release	Performs an atomic XOR operation on the specified LONGLONG values. The operation is performed with release memory access semantics.

鏈表的互鎖函數：

Singly-linked list function	Description
InitializeSListHead	Initializes the head of a singly linked list.
InterlockedFlushSList	Flushes the entire list of items in a singly linked list.
InterlockedPopEntrySList	Removes an item from the front of a singly linked list.
InterlockedPushEntrySList	Inserts an item at the front of a singly linked list.
QueryDepthSList	Retrieves the number of entries in the specified singly linked list.
RtlFirstEntrySList	Retrieves the first entry in a singly linked list.
RtlInitializeSListHead	Initializes the head of a singly linked list. Applications should call InitializeSListHead instead.
RtlInterlockedFlushSList	Flushes the entire list of items in a singly linked list. Applications should call InterlockedFlushSList instead.
RtlInterlockedPopEntrySList	Removes an item from the front of a singly linked list. Applications should call InterlockedPopEntrySList instead.
RtlInterlockedPushEntrySList	Inserts an item at the front of a singly linked list. Applications should call InterlockedPushEntrySList instead.
RtlQueryDepthSList	Retrieves the number of entries in the specified singly linked list. Applications should call QueryDepthSList instead.

posted on 2007-07-26 22:29 夢在天涯閱讀(6912) 評論(9) 編輯收藏引用所屬分類: CPlusPlus

結果一樣嗎，我使用的vs2005，結果是不一樣啊
，最少我敢說有時是不一樣的啊，但可能有寫時候可能正好相同，這個取決與系統不同的線程中斷，這個不由我們控制。

如果看不到結果，你可以把線程數在加大。

++并不是atomic的，是有2條語句的。回復更多評論

# re: C++多線程（四） 2007-09-26 16:37 GINA

reinterpret_cast<long*>(&g_x)
這個參數不太明白。。希望解釋下。謝謝 thank you 回復更多評論

# re: C++多線程（四） 2007-09-26 17:06 夢在天涯

reinterpret_cast<long*>(&g_x)，是就取地址，然后轉化為指向long的指針。回復更多評論

# re: C++多線程（四） 2008-01-21 21:07 小不點

這不就是原子操作嗎?好象只能用于操作單條語句,要是執行多條語句是不是就不能用了呢? 回復更多評論

# re: C++多線程（四） 2008-06-23 10:15 pgmsoul

reinterpret_cast<long*>(&g_x)
寫成(long*)&g_x就完了,說真的,我很BS標準C++的寫法,一看就讓人覺的高深莫測. 回復更多評論

# re: C++多線程（四） 2009-06-10 11:12 aniki

這個例子在我的機器上的執行結果有點怪，偶爾會出現小于THREAD_MAX的值，已經使用InterlockedExchangeAdd(reinterpret_cast<long*>(&g_x),1); 了，不只為什么回復更多評論

# re: C++多線程（四） 2010-09-15 17:34 liziyun537

@aniki
我也是這種情況回復更多評論

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# re: C++多線程（四） 2007-07-27 09:30 若弱

# re: C++多線程（四） 2007-07-27 14:17 dfl

# re: C++多線程（四） 2007-07-27 17:40 夢在天涯

# re: C++多線程（四） 2007-09-26 16:37 GINA

# re: C++多線程（四） 2007-09-26 17:06 夢在天涯

# re: C++多線程（四） 2008-01-21 21:07 小不點

# re: C++多線程（四） 2008-06-23 10:15 pgmsoul

# re: C++多線程（四） 2009-06-10 11:12 aniki

# re: C++多線程（四） 2010-09-15 17:34 liziyun537

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