一 微軟C++標(biāo)準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵字（包括標(biāo)準(zhǔn)C++,托管C++,微軟擴(kuò)展C++,C++/CLI）
注釋：
0)??? 一般關(guān)鍵字前面加雙下劃線的表示微軟的擴(kuò)展，也有沒有加的啊
1）? 關(guān)鍵字后面有1的表示：__declspec 關(guān)鍵字的擴(kuò)展屬性
2） 關(guān)鍵字后面有2的表示：是以前的托管C++的擴(kuò)展
3） 關(guān)鍵字后面有3的表示：是事件處理中使用的屬性，在非托管C++中也可以使用
4）VS6.0只支持非托管C++,VS2002,VS2003還支持托管C++,最新的VS2005中還增加了對C++/CLI的支持。
5）VS IDE中通過
/Za 可以控制使用微軟擴(kuò)展或只使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)C++.
二 幾個(gè)常用的微軟擴(kuò)展關(guān)鍵字實(shí)例
1）在非托管C++中使用__raise
，__event
//?EventHandlingRef_raise.cpp
struct?E?
{
???__event?void?func1();
???void?func1(int)?{}
???void?func2()?{}
???void?b()?{
??????__raise?func1();
??????__raise?func1(1);??//?C3745:?'int?Event::bar(int)':?
?????????????????????????//?only?an?event?can?be?'raised'
??????__raise?func2();???//?C3745
???}
};
int?main()?{
???E?e;
???__raise?e.func1();
???__raise?e.func1(1);??//?C3745
???__raise?e.func2();???//?C3745
}
2）在非托管C++中使用
__hook ，
__unhook?
//?evh_native.cpp
#include?<stdio.h>
[event_source(native)]
class?CSource?{
public:
???__event?void?MyEvent(int?nValue);
};
[event_receiver(native)]
class?CReceiver?{
public:
???void?MyHandler1(int?nValue)?{
??????printf_s("MyHandler1?was?called?with?value?%d.\n",?nValue);
???}
???void?MyHandler2(int?nValue)?{
??????printf_s("MyHandler2?was?called?with?value?%d.\n",?nValue);
???}
???void?hookEvent(CSource*?pSource)?{
??????__hook(&CSource::MyEvent,?pSource,?&CReceiver::MyHandler1);
??????__hook(&CSource::MyEvent,?pSource,?&CReceiver::MyHandler2);
???}
???void?unhookEvent(CSource*?pSource)?{
??????__unhook(&CSource::MyEvent,?pSource,?&CReceiver::MyHandler1);
??????__unhook(&CSource::MyEvent,?pSource,?&CReceiver::MyHandler2);
???}
};
int?main()?{
???CSource?source;
???CReceiver?receiver;
???receiver.hookEvent(&source);
???__raise?source.MyEvent(123);
???receiver.unhookEvent(&source);
}
3）在托管C++中使用__Delegate(VS2005中使用/CLR:: oldsytax)
//?keyword__delegate.cpp
//?compile?with:?/clr
#using?<mscorlib.dll>
using?namespace?System;
__delegate?int?GetDayOfWeek();
__gc?class?MyCalendar
{
public:
???MyCalendar()?:?m_nDayOfWeek(4)?{}
???int?MyGetDayOfWeek()?{?Console::WriteLine("handler");?return?m_nDayOfWeek;?}
???static?int?MyStaticGetDayOfWeek()?{?Console::WriteLine("static?handler");?return?6;?}
private:
???int?m_nDayOfWeek;
};
int?main?()
{
???GetDayOfWeek?*?pGetDayOfWeek;??//?declare?delegate?type
???int?nDayOfWeek;
???
???//?bind?delegate?to?static?method
???pGetDayOfWeek?=?new?GetDayOfWeek(0,?&MyCalendar::MyStaticGetDayOfWeek);
???nDayOfWeek?=?pGetDayOfWeek->Invoke();
???Console::WriteLine(nDayOfWeek);
???//?bind?delegate?to?instance?method
???MyCalendar?*?pcal?=?new?MyCalendar();
???pGetDayOfWeek?=?static_cast<GetDayOfWeek*>(Delegate::Combine(pGetDayOfWeek,
??????new?GetDayOfWeek(pcal,?&MyCalendar::MyGetDayOfWeek)));
???nDayOfWeek?=?pGetDayOfWeek->Invoke();
???Console::WriteLine(nDayOfWeek);
???//?delegate?now?bound?to?two?methods;?remove?instance?method
???pGetDayOfWeek?=?static_cast<GetDayOfWeek*>(Delegate::Remove(pGetDayOfWeek,
??????new?GetDayOfWeek(pcal,?&MyCalendar::MyGetDayOfWeek)));
???return?0;
} 4）在C++/CLI中使用Event,Delegate (VS2005 IDE 中使用/CLR)
//?mcppv2_events.cpp
//?compile?with:?/clr
using?namespace?System;
//?declare?delegates
delegate?void?ClickEventHandler(int,?double);
delegate?void?DblClickEventHandler(String^);
//?class?that?defines?events
ref?class?EventSource?{
public:
???event?ClickEventHandler^?OnClick;???//?declare?the?event?OnClick
???event?DblClickEventHandler^?OnDblClick;???//?declare?OnDblClick
???void?FireEvents()?{
??????//?raises?events
??????OnClick(7,?3.14159);
??????OnDblClick("Hello");
???}
};
//?class?that?defines?methods?that?will?called?when?event?occurs
ref?class?EventReceiver?{
public:
???void?OnMyClick(int?i,?double?d)?{
??????Console::WriteLine("OnClick:?{0},?{1}",?i,?d);
???}
???void?OnMyDblClick(String^?str)?{
??????Console::WriteLine("OnDblClick:?{0}",?str);
???}
};
int?main()?{
???EventSource?^?MyEventSource?=?gcnew?EventSource();
???EventReceiver^?MyEventReceiver?=?gcnew?EventReceiver();
???//?hook?handler?to?event
???MyEventSource->OnClick?+=?gcnew?ClickEventHandler(MyEventReceiver,?&EventReceiver::OnMyClick);
???MyEventSource->OnDblClick?+=?gcnew?DblClickEventHandler(MyEventReceiver,?&EventReceiver::OnMyDblClick);
???//?invoke?events
???MyEventSource->FireEvents();
???//?unhook?handler?to?event
???MyEventSource->OnClick?-=?gcnew?ClickEventHandler(MyEventReceiver,?&EventReceiver::OnMyClick);
???MyEventSource->OnDblClick?-=?gcnew?DblClickEventHandler(MyEventReceiver,?&EventReceiver::OnMyDblClick);
}
三 在VS2002,VS2003中我們可以使用托管C++(Managed C++),但是最新的VS2005中，我們可以直接在C++中使用.NET FrameWork ,這個(gè)就是最新的C++標(biāo)準(zhǔn)C++/CLI，已經(jīng)通過了相關(guān)組織的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。