虛幻引擎 Unreal engine

Unreal engine 包括對 腳本語言cripting language 的支持，名叫 UnrealScript，它可以用來迅速修改許多游戲的內(nèi)容而無需鉆研C++內(nèi)涵。

Unreal engine在游戲中的應用

為了能加快他們自己游戲的開發(fā)，許多其他的公司得到了使用Unreal engine的許可。 這些包括 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: The Fallen 和 Ion Storm Inc.的 Deus Ex。新版本的引擎正在用來開發(fā)PC游戲例如 Running With Scissors, Inc.的 Postal², 3D Realms' Duke Nukem Forever，U.S. Army的America's Army，還有 Ion Storm的Deus Ex: Invisible War 。

Unreal engine 的各個版本都適合 IBM PC (Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux)，Apple Macintosh (Mac OS, Mac OS X) 和其他平臺。下面是一個完整的video games發(fā)布清單:

Unreal Engine 1

Unreal Engine 1.0

 

Unreal engine 最初用來開發(fā)Unreal 。它的特點是宏大的地圖和一個wide color palette in contrast to competing 3D 游戲引擎

Builds 1-226: 最初的Unreal engine公認的開始于Unreal，雖然Legend Entertainment 和 MicroProse 出現(xiàn)的要早一些。 226f 是Unreal的最終補丁。Unreal engine 的特性沒有出現(xiàn)在當時的其他引擎 ，比如 動態(tài)光照（Dynamic Lighting）， Detail Textures 等其它一些特性。

發(fā)布的游戲：

• Dr. Brain's Thinking Games: Action/Reaction — (1999) Knowledge Adventure
• TNN Outdoors Pro Hunter — (1998) DreamForge Intertainment
• Unreal (uses build 220-226) — (1998) Epic Games
  • Unreal Mission Pack 1: Return to Na Pali (uses build 224-226) — (1999) Legend Entertainment
• Virtual Reality Notre Dame — (1999) NASA

Unreal Engine 1.5

Unreal Tournament 應用了原有引擎的改進版本Unreal Engine 1.5

 Builds 300-436:原有Build的增強版。 The codebase was forked and the v300 并且增加到目前的版本436。主要對渲染器進行了加強， 以能夠徹底地支持Direct3D，最終整合成了Warren Marshall的新引擎UnrealEd 2。另外，這個引擎的PS2和Dreamcast 版本在這一時期首次登臺亮相，還有對 骨骼動畫(keletal animation) 的支持也整合進來了。

發(fā)布的游戲：

• Adventure Pinball: Forgotten Island — (2001) Digital Extremes
• Clive Barker's Undying — (2001) Dreamworks Interactive
• Deus Ex — (2000) Ion Storm
• Deus Ex: The Conspiracy — (2002) Ion Storm
• Disney's Brother Bear — (2003) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
• Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets — (2002) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
• Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone — (2001) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
• Mobile Forces — (2002) Rage Software
• Nerf Arena Blast — (1999) Visionary Media, Inc.
• New Legends — (2002) Infinite Machine
• Rune — (2000) Human Head Studios
  • Rune: Halls of Valhalla — (2001) Human Head Studios
• Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: The Fallen — (2000) The Collective
• Star Trek: The Next Generation: Klingon Honor Guard — (1998) MicroProse
• Tactical Ops: Assault on Terror — (2002) Kamehan Studios
• The Wheel of Time — (1999) Legend Entertainment
• Twin Caliber — (2003) Rage Software
• Unreal Tournament (uses build 400-436) — (1999) Epic Games
• X-COM: Enforcer — (2001) MicroProse

Unreal Engine 2

Unreal Engine 2.0

Unreal Tournament 2003 應用了第二代Unreal engine， 視覺效果和開發(fā)的舒適等方面的大量改進使得這個引擎超過了其他眾多引擎。

Builds 500-2227: 第二代Unreal engine的builds開始于500，第一次得到許可看到他們是在600以后， 隨著America's Army的發(fā)布，build 927這個可用的版本才公布。當 Epic 完成了UT2003， build號也跳到了2000+.

重大的技術改進包括對渲染和地圖編輯器的檢驗: 加強 lighting & shading，hardware vertex & pixel shader 的支持， 改進了 texture compression，bump mapping 和 cube mapping， 一個新的 粒子系統(tǒng)(particle system)，游戲環(huán)境中，smooth skinned geometry 提供了 animated characters 和 complex animated geometry， 面部動畫(facial animation) 提供了(包括 lipsynced animation)，支持大比例地圖，BSP網(wǎng)眼(BSP meshes) 和地形的無縫混合, 支持硬件 transform and lighting，重寫了對 PlayStation 2 的支持，以及對 GameCube 和 Xbox的支持，一個新的名叫"Karma"的物理引擎，等等。

這個引擎有時會被錯誤的叫作 "UT2003 engine"， "U2 engine"， "UT2 engine"，或者類似。 Licensees sometimes refer to it as "Unreal Warfare(沖突)", 雖然"Unreal Warfare" 這個詞最初的由來是含混和令人迷惑的。有一點，"Unreal Warfare"是Epic的一個工程的一個代碼名，用來辨別這個自己都不清楚的工程是一個游戲還是一個引擎。Theories vary: 有人認為這僅僅是UT2004的代碼名，其他人則相信它是Gears of War的原有代碼名。盡管Epic 的代表聲稱最終的gametype名字還沒有定下來。有關信息顯示， Epic 將向 UT2007 里加入一個gametype，同時稱作"Unreal Warfare" 和 "Conquest" 

引擎的命名計劃為 Unreal Engine N，或者是Unreal engine的N代。

聲名開發(fā)的游戲（Announced games）

• San Guo Online — Wayi
• Brothers in Arms : Road to Hill 30(PSP) — Ubisoft
• Brothers in Arms : Earned in Blood(PSP) — Ubisoft
• World War II Combat : Road to Berlin — Direct Action Games
• WWII Combat : Iwo Jima — Direct Action Games
• MagnaCarta Portable(PSP) — Soft Max

發(fā)布的游戲：

• Advent Rising — (2005) GlyphX
• America's Army v1.0 ~ v2.3 — (2002) U.S. Army (The MOVES Institute)
• America's Army : Rise of Soldier — (2005) Secret Level
• Brothers In Arms: Earned in Blood — (2005) Gearbox Software
• Brothers In Arms: Road to Hill 30 — (2005) Gearbox Software
• Combat: Task Force 121 — (2005) Direct Action Games
• Dead Man's Hand — (2004) Human Head Studios
• Desert Thunder — (2003) Brainbox Games
• Deus Ex: Invisible War — (2003) Ion Storm
• Devastation — (2003) Digitalo Studios
• Exteel — (2005) NC Soft
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban — (2004) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
• Land of the Dead : Road to Flidder's Green — (2005) Brainbox Games
• Lineage II — (2003) NC Soft
• Magic: The Gathering Battlegrounds — (2003) Atari
• MagnaCarta : Tears of Blood — (2005)
• Marine Heavy Gunner: Vietnam — (2004) Brainbox Games
• Men of Valor — (2004) 2015, Inc.
• Postal² — (2003) Running With Scissors, Inc.
  • Postal²: Share the Pain — (2003) Running With Scissors, Inc.
  • Postal²: Apocalypse Weekend — (2005) Running With Scissors, Inc.
• Sephiroth — Imazic Entertainment
• Shadow Ops: Red Mercury — (2004) Zombie
• Star Wars: Republic Commando — (2005) LucasArts
• SWAT 4 — (2005) Irrational Games
• Thief: Deadly Shadows — (2004) Ion Storm
• Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon 2 (PS2 Version, GC Version) — (2005) Ubisoft
• Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3 (PS2 version, GC Version, Xbox version) — (2003) Ubisoft
• Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3 : Black Arrow (Xbox Only) — (2004) Ubisoft
• Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Raven Shield — (2003) Ubisoft
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Athena Sword — (2004) Ubisoft
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Iron Wrath — (2005) Ubisoft
• Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell — (2003) Ubisoft
• Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell : Essentials — (2006) Ubisoft
• Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow — (2004) Ubisoft
• Unreal Engine 2 Runtime Edition (uses build 2226-2227) — (2003) Epic Games
• Unreal II: The Awakening (uses build 829-2001) — (2003) Legend Entertainment
  • Unreal II EXpanded MultiPlayer (XMP)(uses build 2226) — (2003) Legend Entertainment
• Unreal Tournament 2003 (uses build 2107-2225) — (2002) Digital Extremes
• Unreal Championship (uses build 927-1018) — (2002) Digital Extremes
• XIII — (2003) Ubisoft

Unreal Engine 2.5

Builds 2500-3369: Unreal Engine 2 的加強版本，優(yōu)化了的渲染代碼。渲染系統(tǒng)提供了對眾多平臺的優(yōu)化支持，如 DirectX versions 7 / 8，OpenGL，甚至用Pixomatic (licensed separately)進行軟件渲染。雖然2.5 沒有廣泛發(fā)揮DirectX 9的特性，但是它確實使用了DirectX 9 API ，從而開始有興致增加DirectX 9.x 圖形特性的歷史。 Unreal Engine 2.5 還展現(xiàn)了新特性，multipass bump-mapping (normal map/bump map/specular map/diffuse map/gloss map/environment map/opacity map/mask map etc)， per-pixel lighting 和 per-pixel shading，virtual displacement mapping ， high dynamic range rendering ， soft shadows 和其它DirectX 9或更高版本(如同OpenGL一樣) 的圖形特性。Unreal Engine 2.5 增加了對64-bit Windows 和 64-bit Linux的支持。還為Xbox 的內(nèi)存管理系統(tǒng)進行了優(yōu)化。

聲名開發(fā)的游戲：

• America's Army : Special Force Overmatch — US Army
• America's Army : Stryker Overmatch — US Army
• BioShock — Irrational Games
• Duke Nukem Forever — 3D Realms
• Hoopworld — Streamline Studios
• Priston Tale 2 — Emotion
• Ragnarok Online 2 — Gravity Corporation
• Stargate SG-1 : The Alliance — Perception
• The Chronicles of Spellborn — Spellborn International
• Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Double Agent — Ubisoft
• Vanguard: Saga of Heroes — Sigil Games Online
• Vanguard: first expantion pak — Sigil Games Online
• WarPath — Digital Extremes
• Unannounced Games — Irrational Games

發(fā)布的游戲：

• America's Army v2.4 ~ v2.9 — (2005) U.S. Army (The MOVES Institute)
• Pariah — (2005) Digital Extremes
• Red Orchestra: Ostfront 41-45 — (2006) Tripwire Interactive
• SWAT 4: The Stetchkov Syndicate — (2006) Irrational Games
• Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory — (2005) Ubisoft
• Tribes: Vengeance — (2004) Irrational Games
• Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict (uses build 3357-3363) — (2005) Epic Games
• Unreal Tournament 2004 (uses build 3186-3369) — (2004) Epic Games / Digital Extremes

Unreal Engine 3

這是Unreal Engine 3 技術演示下的狂暴戰(zhàn)士(將是Gears of War 的內(nèi)容)預示著一個使用了normal mapping 和 real-time soft self-shadowing技術的復雜模型

Unreal Engine 3.0

Builds 3500 或更高: Unreal Engine 3 合并支持DirectX 9 和下一代 APIs ，包括 XNA, DirectX 10 和 OpenGL 2.x。它放棄了 legacy support 來改善性能和獲得在老一代 graphics processors上無法實現(xiàn)的視覺效果。Unreal Engine 3 將要使用NovodeX physics engine， 放棄了自主開發(fā)的在Unreal Engine 2.x里使用的“Karma” 物理引擎。 lighting 和shadowing得到了巨大的提升， 使用了實時per-pixel lighting 和 shadowing 技術，例如為人物應用的16x采樣 shadow depth buffers ，令人激動的動態(tài)光照的stencil shadow volumes 場景和為靜態(tài)光照交互預處理的 shadow-masks。 Unreal Engine 3 還支持shader models 2， 3 和 4。

聲名開發(fā)的游戲：

• All Points Bulletin — Real Time Worlds
• America's Army v3.0 — U.S. Army
• America's Army : Real Heroes — (Xbox 360 and PS3) — U.S. Army
• Brothers in Arms 3 — Gearbox Software
• Endless Saga — Webzen Games Inc.
• Elveon — 10Tacle
• Frame City Killer — Namco
• Gears of War — (2006) Epic Games
• Huxley — Webzen Games Inc.
• Indiana Jones — LucasArts
• Lineage III — NC Soft
• Lost Odyssey — Mist Walker / Feel Plus
• Magna Carta 2 — Soft Max
• Marble Comics Online — Sigil Games Online
• Mass Effect — BioWare
• Project IM — (unknown) Zero Point Software
• Project New Jersey — Obsidian Entertainment
• Roboblitz — Naked Sky Entertainment
• Section 8— Timegate Studios
• Stranglehold — (2006) Tiger Hill Entertainment
• Swat 5 — VUG
• Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell 5 — Ubisoft
• Too Human — Silicon Knights
• New Turok (placeholder title) — Buena Vista Games
• Unreal Tournament 2007 (2006) Epic Games
• Vanguard : second expansion pak — Sigil Games Online
• Unannounced title — 2015
• Unannounced title — Acony
• Unannounced title — Ensemble Studios
• Unannounced title — Hirez Studios
• Unannounced title — Tripwire Interactive
• Unannounced titles — Atari
• Unannounced titles — Buena Vista Games
• Unannounced titles — Cranky Pants Games
• Unannounced titles — Eidos Interactive
• Unannounced titles — Gearbox Software
• Unannounced titles — GlyphX
• Unannounced titles — High Moon Studios
• Unannounced titles — inXile Entertainment
• Unannounced titles — Lucky Chicken Games
• Unannounced titles — Mad Dog
• Unannounced titles — Majesco Games
• Unannounced titles — Microsoft Game Studios
• Unannounced titles — Midway Games
• Unannounced titles — Mind Control Software
• Unannounced titles — Namco
• Unannounced titles — NC Soft
• Unannounced titles — Real Time Worlds
• Unannounced titles — Rocksteady Studios
• Unannounced titles — Sony Computer Entertainment
• Unannounced titles — THQ
• Unannounced titles — Tiger Hill Entertainment
• Unannounced titles — TimeGate Studios
• Unannounced titles — Spark Unlimited
• Unannounced titles — Streamline Studios
• Unannounced titles — Surreal Software
• Unannounced titles — Trilogy
• Unannounced titles — Ubisoft
• Unannounced titles — Vision Studios
• Unannounced titles — Vivendi Universal Games
• Unannounced titles — Webzen
• Unannounced titles — Zombie Studios

Unreal Engine 3.5

Epic正在用UE3.0 制作Gears of War和Unreal Tournament 2007。但是，Epic 還要繼續(xù)改進和擴展UE3 ，重寫全部的控制臺循環(huán)，所以重大的加強至少要等3年半（盡管UT2007 在4/4 2006發(fā)行)。Unreal Engine 3.5 提供DirectX 11/12 和 shader model 5 或者更高的技術支持。

Tim Sweeney 說 : 關于時間表， 我們會始終積極的開發(fā) Unreal Engine 3 ，考慮到當今的這一代硬件——最終得等到 2009.

http://www.beyond3d.com/#news27836

Unreal Engine 4

Mark Rein (Epic Games的副總裁) August 18, 2005 透露公司在過去的兩年里進行了有關Unreal Engine 4 的工作。這個引擎意在the coming generation之后的下一代控制臺，as well as the PC. 到目前為止只有 Tim Sweeney一個人在進行此引擎工作，他是Epic的首席程序員(lead programmer) 。

See also

• Unreal
• UnrealScript
• game engine

References

• Note (1): Rein: "We've been working on Unreal Engine 4 for two years". Computer And Video Games. URL accessed on August 19, 2005.
• Note (2): Interview: Mark Rein. Computer And Video Games. URL accessed on September 30, 2005.

External links

• The official Unreal Developer Network documenting the Unreal engine
• Online community Unreal engine documentation
• Unreal Technology
• Unreal Engine 3 Details