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            TAILQ Example

            from:http://unx.ca/log/2006/08/19/tailq-example/

            I plan to use this blog to post codebits that I find myself sending to people over and over again. The first example is how to use a TAILQ from sys/queue.h found on the BSDs. Many Linux distributions also have sys/queue.h but may be missing certain macros such as TAILQ_FOREACH(). At the very least I hope this enticies some newer C programmer to use queue.h rather than rolling their own linked list. I’ll jump directly to the code as I feel it is more or less self explanatory.

            The following code can be downloaded here.

            /*
             * TAILQ example program.
             */
            #include <stdlib.h>
            #include <stdio.h>
            /*
             * On many OpenBSD/NetBSD/FreeBSD you could include <sys/queue.h>, but
             * for portability we’ll include the local copy.
             */
            #include "queue.h"
            /*
             * This structure defines each item in our tail queue.  It must also
             * contain an item (TAILQ_ENTRY) that points to the next and previous
             * items in the tail queue.
             *
             * For simplicity, we will be creating a list of integers.
             */
            struct tailq_entry {
            int value;
            /*
                     * This holds the pointers to the next and previous entries in
                     * the tail queue.
                     */
            TAILQ_ENTRY(tailq_entry) entries;
            };
            /*
             * Our tail queue requires a head, this is defined using the
             * TAILQ_HEAD macro.
             */
            TAILQ_HEAD(, tailq_entry) my_tailq_head;
            int
            main(int argc, char **argv)
            {
            /* Define a pointer to an item in the tail queue. */
            struct tailq_entry *item;
            /* In some cases we have to track a temporary item. */
            struct tailq_entry *tmp_item;
            int i;
            /* Initialize the tail queue. */
            TAILQ_INIT(&my_tailq_head);
            /* Add 10 items to the tailq queue. */
            for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            /*
                             * Each item we want to add to the tail queue must be
                             * allocated.
                             */
            item = malloc(sizeof(*item));
            if (item == NULL) {
            perror("malloc failed");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            /* Set the value. */
            item->value = i;
            /*
                             * Add our item to the end of tail queue. The first
                             * argument is a pointer to the head of our tail
                             * queue, the second is the item we want to add, and
                             * the third argument is the name of the struct
                             * variable that points to the next and previous items
                             * in the tail queue.
                             */
            TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&my_tailq_head, item, entries);
            }
            /* Traverse the tail queue forward. */
            printf("Forward traversal: ");
            TAILQ_FOREACH(item, &my_tailq_head, entries) {
            printf("%d ", item->value);
            }
            printf("n");
            /* Insert a new item after the item with value 5. */
            printf("Adding new item after 5: ");
            TAILQ_FOREACH(item, &my_tailq_head, entries) {
            if (item->value == 5) {
            struct tailq_entry *new_item =
            malloc(sizeof(*new_item));
            if (new_item == NULL) {
            perror("malloc failed");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            new_item->value = 10;
            TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&my_tailq_head, item, new_item,
            entries);
            break;
            }
            }
            /* Do another forward traversal to show the newly added item. */
            TAILQ_FOREACH(item, &my_tailq_head, entries) {
            printf("%d ", item->value);
            }
            printf("n");
            /*
                     * Delete the item with the value 3.
                     *
                     * We can’t use TAILQ_FOREACH here as TAILQ_FOREACH is not
                     * safe against deletions during the traversal.  Some variants
                     * of queue.h have TAILQ_FOREACH_MUTABLE or TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE
                     * which are safe against deletions.
                     */
            printf("Deleting item with value 3: ");
            for (item = TAILQ_FIRST(&my_tailq_head); item != NULL; item = tmp_item)
            {
            tmp_item = TAILQ_NEXT(item, entries);
            if (item->value == 3) {
            /* Remove the item from the tail queue. */
            TAILQ_REMOVE(&my_tailq_head, item, entries);
            /* Free the item as we don’t need it anymore. */
            free(item);
            break;
            }
            }
            /* Another forward traversal to show that the value 3 is now gone. */
            TAILQ_FOREACH(item, &my_tailq_head, entries) {
            printf("%d ", item->value);
            }
            printf("n");
            /* Free the entire tail queue. */
            while (item = TAILQ_FIRST(&my_tailq_head)) {
            TAILQ_REMOVE(&my_tailq_head, item, entries);
            free(item);
            }
            /* The tail queue should now be empty. */
            if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&my_tailq_head))
            printf("tail queue is NOT empty!n");
            return 0;
            }
            

            posted on 2007-08-21 01:45 楊粼波 閱讀(1236) 評論(0)  編輯 收藏 引用

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