1.boost::any
boost::any是一種通用的數據類型，可以將各種類型包裝后統一放入容器內
最重要的它是類型安全的。有點象COM里面的variant.
使用方法：
any::type() 返回包裝的類型
any_cast可用于any到其他類型的轉化
?
#include?
<
boost
/
any.hpp
>
void
?test_any()
{
?typedef?std::vector
<
boost::any
>
?many;
?many?a;
?a.push_back(
2
);
?a.push_back(
string
(
"
test
"
));
?
for
(unsigned?
int
?i
=
0
;i
<
a.size();
++
i)
?
{
??cout
<<
a[i].type().name()
<<
endl;
??
try
??
{
???
int
?result?
=
?any_cast
<
int
>
(a[i]);
???cout
<<
result
<<
endl;
??}
??
catch
(boost::bad_any_cast?
&
?ex)
??
{
???cout
<<
"
cast?error:
"
<<
ex.what()
<<
endl;
??}
?}
}
2.boost::array
boost::array僅僅是對數組一層薄薄的封裝，提供跟各種算法配合的iterator,使用方法很簡單
注意：可以使用{}來初始化array,因為array所有的成員變量都是public的
?
#include?
<
boost
/
array.hpp
>
void
?test_array()
{
?array
<
int
,
10
>
?ai?
=
?
{
1
,
2
,
3
}
;
?
for
(size_t?i
=
0
;i
<
ai.size();
++
i)
?
{
??cout
<<
ai[i]
<<
endl;
?}
}
3.boost::lexical_cast
lexical_cast用于將字符串轉換成各種數字類型(int,float,short etc.)
?
#include?
<
boost
/
lexical_cast.hpp
>
void
?test_lexical_cast()
{
?
int
?i?
=
?boost::lexical_cast
<
int
>
(
"
123
"
);
?cout?
<<
?i?
<<
?endl;
}
4.boost::format
boost::format是用于替代c里面的sprintf，優點是類型安全，不會因為類型和參數不匹配而導致程序崩潰了
而且還可以重復使用參數
?
#include?
<
boost
/
format.hpp
>
void
?test_format()
{
?cout?
<<
?boost::format(
"
writing?%1%,??x=%2%?:?%3%-th?try
"
)?
%
?
"
toto
"
?
%
?
40.23
?
%
?
50
?
<<
endl;?
?format?f(
"
a=%1%,b=%2%,c=%3%,a=%1%
"
);
?f?
%
?
"
string
"
?
%
?
2
?
%
?
10.0
;
?cout?
<<
?f.str()?
<<
?endl;
}
5.boost::tokenizer
boost::tokenizer是用于切割字符串的，類似于Java里面的StringTokenizer。
?
#include?
<
boost
/
tokenizer.hpp
>
void
?test_tokenizer()
{
?
string
?s(
"
This?is??,?a?,test!
"
);
?boost::tokenizer
<>
?tok(s);
?
for
(tokenizer
<>
::iterator?beg
=
tok.begin();?beg
!=
tok.end();
++
beg)
{
???????cout?
<<
?
*
beg?
<<
?
"
\n
"
;
?}
}
6.boost::thread
boost::thread是為了提供跨平臺的thread機制。利用boost::function來完成委托。
?
#include?
<
boost
/
thread.hpp
>
void
?mythread()
{
?cout
<<
"
hello,thread!
"
<<
endl;
}
void
?test_thread()
{
?boost::function
<
?
void
?()?
>
?f(mythread);
?boost::thread?t(f);
?t.join();
?cout
<<
"
thread?is?over!
"
<<
endl;
}
7.boost::serialization
boost::serialization提供object的序列化功能。而且提供好幾種序列化的格式，比如text,binary,xml
?
#include?
<
boost
/
archive
/
text_oarchive.hpp
>
#include?
<
boost
/
archive
/
text_iarchive.hpp
>
#include?
<
boost
/
archive
/
xml_oarchive.hpp
>
void
?test_serialization()
{
?boost::archive::text_oarchive?to(cout?,?boost::archive::no_header);
?
int
?i?
=
?
10
;
?
string
?s?
=
?
"
This?is?a?test\n
"
;
?to?
&
?i;
?to?
&
?s;
?ofstream?f(
"
test.xml
"
);
?boost::archive::xml_oarchive?xo(f);
?xo?
&
?BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(i)?
&
?BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(s);
?boost::archive::text_iarchive?ti(cin?,?boost::archive::no_header);
?ti?
&
?i?
&
?s;
?cout?
<<
"
i=
"
<<
?i?
<<
?endl;
?cout?
<<
"
s=
"
<<
?s?
<<
?endl;
}
?
8.boost::function
boost::function就是所謂的泛函數，能夠對普通函數指針，成員函數指針，functor進行委托，達到遲調用的效果
?
#include?
<
boost
/
function.hpp
>
int
?foo(
int
?x,
int
?y)
{
?cout
<<
?
"
(foo?invoking)x?=?
"
<<
x?
<<
?
"
?y?=?
"
<<
?y?
<<
endl;
?
return
?x
+
y;
}
struct
?test
{
?
int
?foo(
int
?x,
int
?y)
?
{
??cout
<<
?
"
(test::foo?invoking)x?=?
"
<<
x?
<<
?
"
?y?=?
"
<<
?y?
<<
endl;
??
return
?x
+
y;
?}
}
;
void
?test_function()
{
?boost::function
<
int
?(
int
,
int
)
>
?f;
?f?
=
?foo;
?cout?
<<
?
"
f(2,3)=
"
<<
f(
2
,
3
)
<<
endl;
?test?x;
?
/**/
/*
f?=?std::bind1st(
??????std::mem_fun(&test::foo),?&x);
*/
?boost::function
<
int
?(test
*
,
int
,
int
)
>
?f2;
?f2?
=
?
&
test::foo;
??
?cout?
<<
?
"
f2(5,3)=
"
<<
f2(
&
x,
5
,
3
)
<<
endl;
}
9.boost::shared_ptr
boost::shared_ptr就是智能指針的實現，不象std::auto_ptr，它是可以stl的容器一起使用的，非常的方便
#include?
<
boost
/
shared_ptr.hpp
>
class
?Shared
{
public
:
?Shared()
?
{
??cout?
<<
?
"
ctor()?called
"
<<
endl;
?}
?Shared(
const
?Shared?
&
?other)
?
{
??cout?
<<
?
"
copy?ctor()?called
"
<<
endl;
?}
?
~
Shared()
?
{
??cout?
<<
?
"
dtor()?called
"
<<
endl;
?}
?Shared?
&
?
operator
?
=
?(
const
?Shared?
&
?other)
?
{
??cout?
<<
?
"
operator?=??called
"
<<
endl;
?}
}
;
void
?test_shared_ptr()
{
?typedef?boost::shared_ptr
<
Shared
>
?SharedSP;
?typedef?vector
<
SharedSP
>
?VShared;
?VShared?v;
?v.push_back(SharedSP(
new
?Shared()));
?v.push_back(SharedSP(
new
?Shared()));
}