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            隨筆-80  評論-24  文章-0  trackbacks-0
            我們經常會遇到這樣一類問題,比如有一些物品,每個物品都有兩個屬性,其中每個屬性都是可比的,比如我們有一摞圓形燒餅,每個燒餅有直徑和重量兩個屬性,且這兩個屬性不相關。那么我們如何將這些燒餅分成盡量少的堆,使得每堆燒餅都可以滿足質量和直徑均單調增(或者單調減)?
            首先直觀的想法是第一步肯定得按照質量(或者直徑,均可)從小到大排序。排序完成之后質量已經滿足要求了,但是直徑并不一定也按照遞增排好序了。該如何將該按質量排好序的序列分成最少數量的若干個子序列,使得子序列能夠同時按照直徑遞增排列?
            這時候Dilworth定理就派上用場了。
            Dilworth定理大概意思是說:對于一個偏續集(X,<=),其最少鏈劃分數等于其最長反鏈的長度。其中鏈的意思是滿足a1<=a2<=a3<=...<=ai的i個偏序集中的元素。這里的<=并不一定是小于等于的意思,只是表達的是一種偏序關系。
            Dilworth定理的證明就不說了,網上有現成的證明。
            下面說說利用Dilworth定理來解決上面提到的問題。
            心急的C小加問題摘自http://acm.nyist.net/JudgeOnline/problem.php?pid=236 
            該問題和上面提到的燒餅問題類似,只不過改成了木棒,它要求將一堆木棒分成最少的堆數,使得每小堆木棒都能夠按照長度和質量均遞增的順序排列。典型的Dilworth定理問題。
            其實講木棒按照長度遞增排列之后,對質量的處理就成了尋找最長遞減子序列的問題了。該問題有O(nlogn)的解法,不過先看O(n2)的解法:

             1 #include <cstdio>                                                                  
             2 #include <cstring>                                                                 
             3 #include <cstdlib>                                                                 
             4                                                                                    
             5 #define MAX 5005                                                                   
             6                                                                                    
             7 typedef struct {                                                                   
             8   int weight;                                                                      
             9   int length;                                                                      
            10 }STICK;                                                                            
            11                                                                                    
            12 STICK sticks[MAX];                                                                 
            13 //cur_maxlen_include_i[i]代表包含元素sticks[i].length的遞減子序列的長度            
            14 int cur_maxlen_include_i[MAX];                                                     
            15 //cur_max_minelem[i]代表長度為i的遞減子序列的最小元素的最大值                      
            16 int cur_max_minelem[MAX];                                                          
            17                                                                                    
            18 int cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {                                            
            19   STICK *x = (STICK *)a;                                                           
            20   STICK *y = (STICK *)b;                                                           
            21   if (x->length != y->length) {                                                    
            22     return x->length - y->length;                                                  
            23   } else {                                                                         
            24     return x->weight - y->weight;                                                  
            25   }                                                                                
            26 }                                                                                  
            27                                                                                    
            28 int main() {
            29   int T;                                                                           
            30   scanf("%d", &T);                                                                 
            31   while (T--) {
            32     int N;                                                                         
            33     int i, j;                                                                   
            34     scanf("%d", &N);                                                            
            35     for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) {                                                   
            36       scanf("%d%d", &(sticks[i].length), &(sticks[i].weight));                  
            37     }                                                                           
            38     qsort(sticks, N, sizeof(STICK), cmp);                                       
            39                                                                                 
            40     //求最長遞減子序列                                                          
            41     memset(cur_maxlen_include_i, 0, sizeof(int) * MAX);                         
            42     memset(cur_max_minelem, 0, sizeof(int) * MAX);                              
            43                                                                                 
            44     cur_maxlen_include_i[0] = 1;                                                
            45     cur_max_minelem[1] = sticks[0].weight;                                      
            46                                                                                 
            47     int cur_maxlen = 1;                                                         
            48     for (i = 1; i < N; ++i) {                                                   
            49       cur_maxlen_include_i[i] = 1;                                              
            50       for (j = cur_maxlen; j > 0; --j) {                                        
            51         if (cur_max_minelem[j] > sticks[i].weight) {                            
            52           cur_maxlen_include_i[i] = j + 1;                                      
            53           break;                                                                
            54         }                                                                       
            55       }                                                                         
            56       if (cur_maxlen_include_i[i] > cur_maxlen) {                               
            57         cur_maxlen = cur_maxlen_include_i[i];                                   
            58         cur_max_minelem[cur_maxlen] = sticks[i].weight;                         
            59       } else if (cur_max_minelem[cur_maxlen_include_i[i]] < sticks[i].weight) { 
            60         cur_max_minelem[cur_maxlen_include_i[i]] = sticks[i].weight;            
            61       }
            62     }                                                                           
            63     printf("%d\n", cur_maxlen);                                                 
            64   }                                                                             
            65   return 0;                                                                     
            66 }

            該程序提交后運行時間為228ms
            接下來是采用二分加速來查找最長遞減子序列,程序如下:

             1 #include <cstdio>                                                               
             2 #include <cstring>                                                              
             3 #include <cstdlib>                                                              
             4                                                                                 
             5 #define MAX 5005                                                                
             6                                                                                 
             7 typedef struct {                                                                
             8   int weight;                                                                   
             9   int length;                                                                   
            10 }STICK;                                                                         
            11                                                                                 
            12 STICK sticks[MAX];                                                              
            13 //cur_maxlen_include_i[i]代表包含元素sticks[i].length的遞減子序列的長度         
            14 int cur_maxlen_include_i[MAX];                                                  
            15 //cur_max_minelem[i]代表長度為i的遞減子序列的最小元素的最大值                   
            16 int cur_max_minelem[MAX];                                                       
            17                                                                                 
            18 int cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {                                         
            19   STICK *x = (STICK *)a;                                                        
            20   STICK *y = (STICK *)b;                                                        
            21   if (x->length != y->length) {                                                 
            22     return x->length - y->length;                                               
            23   } else {                                                                      
            24     return x->weight - y->weight;                                               
            25   }                                                                             
            26 }                                                                               
            27                                                                                 
            28 int main() {                          
            29   int T;                                                                        
            30   scanf("%d", &T);                                                              
            31   while (T--) {                                                                 
            32     int N;                                                                      
            33     int i, j;                                                                   
            34     scanf("%d", &N);                                                            
            35     for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) {                                                   
            36       scanf("%d%d", &(sticks[i].length), &(sticks[i].weight));                  
            37     }                                                                           
            38     qsort(sticks, N, sizeof(STICK), cmp);
            39                                                                                 
            40     //求最長遞減子序列                                                          
            41     memset(cur_maxlen_include_i, 0, sizeof(int) * MAX);                         
            42     memset(cur_max_minelem, 0, sizeof(int) * MAX);                              
            43                                                                                 
            44     cur_maxlen_include_i[0] = 1;                                                
            45     cur_max_minelem[1] = sticks[0].weight;                                      
            46                                                                                 
            47     int cur_maxlen = 1;                                                         
            48     for (i = 1; i < N; ++i) {
            49       cur_maxlen_include_i[i] = 1;                                              
            50       int low = 1;                                                              
            51       int high = cur_maxlen;                                                    
            52       while (low < high - 1) {                                                  
            53         int mid = (low + high) >> 1;                                            
            54         if (cur_max_minelem[mid] > sticks[i].weight) {                          
            55           low = mid;                                                            
            56         } else {                                                                
            57           high = mid;                                                           
            58         }                                                                       
            59       }                                                                         
            60       if (cur_max_minelem[low] > sticks[i].weight) {                            
            61         cur_maxlen_include_i[i] = low + 1;                                      
            62       }                                                                         
            63       if (cur_max_minelem[high] > sticks[i].weight) {                           
            64         cur_maxlen_include_i[i] = high + 1;                                     
            65       }                                                                         
            66       if (cur_maxlen_include_i[i] > cur_maxlen) {                               
            67         cur_maxlen = cur_maxlen_include_i[i];                                   
            68         cur_max_minelem[cur_maxlen] = sticks[i].weight;                         
            69       } else if (cur_max_minelem[cur_maxlen_include_i[i]] < sticks[i].weight) { 
            70         cur_max_minelem[cur_maxlen_include_i[i]] = sticks[i].weight;            
            71       }                                                                         
            72     }                                                                           
            73     printf("%d\n", cur_maxlen);                                                 
            74   }                                                                             
            75   return 0;                                                                     
            76 }

            二分加速提交后運行時間反而為264ms,運行時間慢了,說明題目的測試數據可能并不十分均勻。
            posted on 2012-09-18 16:47 myjfm 閱讀(533) 評論(0)  編輯 收藏 引用 所屬分類: 算法基礎
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