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看到這樣一個改錯題:
char p[5];
char* s="12345";
strcpy(p,s);
cout << p << endl;
錯誤之處是很顯然的,作為字符串字面值的"12345"會在結(jié)尾處自動加上空字符null,從而長度是6,上面的strcpy是會越界的,從而是個越界錯誤。
問題是我以為這樣的程序編譯的時候會出錯呢!但是我在vc上運(yùn)行時是可以輸出正確結(jié)果的,這讓我很是納悶!后來找到了strcpy的源代碼才知原因,strcpy函數(shù)是不進(jìn)行越界處理的. 又因?yàn)閟trcpy連null一起復(fù)制,從而p能輸出正確的結(jié)果"12345"

/**//*The strcpy function copies strSource, including the terminating null character, to the location specified by strDestination. No overflow checking is performed when strings are copied or appended. The behavior of strcpy is undefined if the source and destination strings overlap.*/
char * __cdecl strcpy(char * dst, const char * src)


{
char * cp = dst;

while( *cp++ = *src++ )

; /**//* Copy src over dst */

return( dst );
}
貌似strcpy雖然不進(jìn)行越界處理,仍然是個挺好的函數(shù)呢,但是注意了,下面的代碼就能暴露出strcpy 的缺點(diǎn)了.
char p[5];
char *s = "12345678";
strcpy(p,s);
cout << p <<endl; //輸出12345678,而不是我們所設(shè)想的12345
為了不因不知s的長度而犯下錯誤,推薦使用strncpy。但是是不是用了strncpy就萬無一失了呢?看下面的代碼:
char p[5];
char* s = "12345";
strncpy(p,s,5);
cout << p <<endl; //12345*&^(后面表示亂碼)
不是都限制個數(shù)了么?為什么后面又有亂碼?
問題來自在上述情形strncpy是不會復(fù)制字符串s后面的null的,不是以null結(jié)束的p不會輸出正確結(jié)果的。
仍然給出strncpy的源代碼:

/**//*The strncpy function copies the initial count characters of strSource to strDest and returns strDest. If count is less than or equal to the length of strSource, a null character is not appended automatically to the copied string. If count is greater than the length of strSource, the destination string is padded with null characters up to length count. The behavior of strncpy is undefined if the source and destination strings overlap.*/
char * __cdecl strncpy ( char * dest, const char * source, size_t count )


{
char *start = dest;


while (count && (*dest++ = *source++)) /**//* copy string */
count--;


if (count) /**//* pad out with zeroes */
while (--count)
*dest++ = '\0';

return(start);
}
那strncpy這么不穩(wěn)定,為何用它?strncpy經(jīng)常用于修改一個長字符串中間的一部分(看出不復(fù)制null的原因了吧!),如果實(shí)在要用到上述的代碼上,就在代碼最后加上p[5] = '\0'; 吧!