# make
# make check
# make install

                
# valgrind du –x –s
.
.
==29404==  Address 0x1189AD84 is 0 bytes after a block of size 12 alloc'd
==29404==    at 0xFFB9964: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:130)
==29404==    by 0xFEE1AD0: strdup (in /lib/tls/libc.so.6)
==29404==    by 0xFE94D30: setlocale (in /lib/tls/libc.so.6)
==29404==    by 0x10001414: main (in /usr/bin/du)

                
      2 {
      3         int i[5];
      4 
      5         if (i[0] == 0)
      6                 i[1]=1;
      7         return 0;
      8 }

                
# gcc –g –o test1 test1.c
# valgrind ./test1
.
.
==31363== 
==31363== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==31363==    at 0x1000041C: main (test1.c:5)
==31363== 
==31363== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 7 from 1)
==31363== malloc/free: in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==31363== malloc/free: 0 allocs, 0 frees, 0 bytes allocated.
==31363== For counts of detected errors, rerun with: -v
==31363== No malloc'd blocks -- no leaks are possible.

                
      1 int main(void)
      2 {
      3         char *p1;
      4         char *p2;
      5 
      6         p1 = (char *) malloc(512);
      7         p2 = (char *) malloc(512);
      8 
      9         p1=p2;
     10 
     11         free(p1);
     12         free(p2);
     13 }

                
# gcc –g –o test2 test2.c
# valgrind ./test2
.
.
==31468== Invalid free() / delete / delete[]
==31468==    at 0xFFB9FF0: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:152)
==31468==    by 0x100004B0: main (test2.c:12)
==31468== Address 0x11899258 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 512 free'd
==31468==    at 0xFFB9FF0: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:152)
==31468==    by 0x100004A4: main (test2.c:11)
==31468== 
==31468== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 7 from 1)
==31468== malloc/free: in use at exit: 512 bytes in 1 blocks.
==31468== malloc/free: 2 allocs, 2 frees, 1024 bytes allocated.
==31468== For counts of detected errors, rerun with: -v
==31468== searching for pointers to 1 not-freed blocks.
==31468== checked 167936 bytes.
==31468== 
==31468== LEAK SUMMARY:
==31468==    definitely lost: 512 bytes in 1 blocks.
==31468==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==31468==    still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==31468==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==31468== Use --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory.

                
      1 int main() {
      2         int i, *iw, *ir;
      3 
      4         iw = (int *)malloc(10*sizeof(int));
      5         ir = (int *)malloc(10*sizeof(int));
      6 
      7 
      8         for (i=0; i<11; i++)
      9                 iw[i] = i;
     10 
     11         for (i=0; i<11; i++)
     12                 ir[i] = iw[i];
     13 
     14         free(iw);
     15         free(ir);
     16 } 

                
# gcc –g –o test3 test3.c
# valgrind ./test3
.
.
==31522== Invalid write of size 4
==31522==    at 0x100004C0: main (test3.c:9)
==31522==  Address 0x11899050 is 0 bytes after a block of size 40 alloc'd
==31522==    at 0xFFB9964: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:130)
==31522==    by 0x10000474: main (test10.c:4)
==31522== 
==31522== Invalid read of size 4
==31522==    at 0x1000050C: main (test3.c:12)
==31522==  Address 0x11899050 is 0 bytes after a block of size 40 alloc'd
==31522==    at 0xFFB9964: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:130)
==31522==    by 0x10000474: main (test10.c:4)
==31522== 
==31522== ERROR SUMMARY: 2 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 7 from 1)
==31522== malloc/free: in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==31522== malloc/free: 2 allocs, 2 frees, 84 bytes allocated.
==31522== For counts of detected errors, rerun with: -v
==31522== No malloc'd blocks -- no leaks are possible.

# gdb programname corefilename 

# gdb -c core programname 

                
# g++ -g -o gdbtest1 gdbtest1.cpp
# ./gdbtest1
Number Box "0" created
Number Box "1" created
Number Box "2" created
Number Box "3" created
Number Box "4" created
Number Box "5" created
Number Box "6" created
Number Box "7" created
Number Box "8" created
Number Box "9" created
list created
Number Box "9" deleted
Segmentation fault

                
# gdb ./gdbtest1
GNU gdb 6.2.1
Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you 
are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain 
conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB.  Type "show warranty" for 
details.
This GDB was configured as "ppc-suse-linux"...Using host libthread_db 
library "/lib/tls/libthread_db.so.1".
(gdb)

                
(gdb) run
Starting program: /root/test/gdbtest1 
Number Box "0" created
Number Box "1" created
Number Box "2" created
Number Box "3" created
Number Box "4" created
Number Box "5" created
Number Box "6" created
Number Box "7" created
Number Box "8" created
Number Box "9" created
list created
Number Box "9" deleted
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x10000f74 in NumBox<int>::GetNext (this=0x0) at gdbtest1.cpp:14
14              NumBox<T>*GetNext() const { return Next; }
(gdb) where
#0  0x10000f74 in NumBox<int>::GetNext (this=0x0) at gdbtest1.cpp:14
#1  0x10000d10 in NumChain<int>::RemoveBox (this=0x10012008, 

item_to_remove=@0xffffe200) at gdbtest1.cpp:63
#2  0x10000978 in main (argc=1, argv=0xffffe554) at gdbtest1.cpp:94
(gdb)

                
     54                       } else {
     55                               temp->SetNext (current->GetNext());
     56                               delete temp;
     57                               temp = 0;
     58                               return 0;
     59                       }
     60               }
     61               current = 0;
     62               temp = current;
     63               current = current->GetNext();
     64       }
     65 
     66       return -1;

                
# g++ -g -o gdbtest2 gdbtest2.cpp
# ./gdbtest2
Number Box "0" created
Number Box "1" created
Number Box "2" created
Number Box "3" created
Number Box "4" created
Number Box "5" created
Number Box "6" created
Number Box "7" created
Number Box "8" created
Number Box "9" created
list created
Number Box "9" deleted
Number Box "0" deleted

                
# gdb ./gdbtest2
GNU gdb 6.2.1
Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you 
are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain 
conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB.  Type "show warranty" for 
details.
This GDB was configured as "ppc-suse-linux"...Using host libthread_db 
library "/lib/tls/libthread_db.so.1".
(gdb) break 94 if i==8
Breakpoint 1 at 0x10000968: file gdbtest2.cpp, line 94.
(gdb) run
Starting program: /root/test/gdbtest2 
Number Box "0" created
Number Box "1" created
Number Box "2" created
Number Box "3" created
Number Box "4" created
Number Box "5" created
Number Box "6" created
Number Box "7" created
Number Box "8" created
Number Box "9" created
list created
Number Box "9" deleted
Breakpoint 1, main (argc=1, argv=0xffffe554) at gdbtest2.cpp:94
94                      list ->RemoveBox(i);

                
(gdb) s
38                      NumBox<T> *temp = 0;  
(gdb) s
40                      while (current != 0) {
(gdb) print pointer
$1 = (NumBox<int> *) 0x100120a8
 (gdb) print *pointer
$2 = {Num = 0, Next = 0x0}
(gdb)

                
(gdb) kill
Kill the program being debugged? (y or n) y
(gdb) info break
Num Type           Disp Enb Address    What
1   breakpoint     keep y   0x10000968 in main at gdbtest2.cpp:94
        stop only if i == 8
        breakpoint already hit 1 time
(gdb) delete 1
(gdb) break 94 if i==9
Breakpoint 2 at 0x10000968: file gdbtest2.cpp, line 94.
(gdb) run
Starting program: /root/test/gdbtest2 
Number Box "0" created
Number Box "1" created
Number Box "2" created
Number Box "3" created
Number Box "4" created
Number Box "5" created
Number Box "6" created
Number Box "7" created
Number Box "8" created
Number Box "9" created
list created
Breakpoint 2, main (argc=1, argv=0xffffe554) at gdbtest2.cpp:94
94                      list ->RemoveBox(i);
(gdb)

                
Breakpoint 2, main (argc=1, argv=0xffffe554) at gdbtest2.cpp:94
94            list ->RemoveBox(i);
(gdb) s
NumChain<int>::RemoveBox (this=0x10012008, item_to_remove=@0xffffe200) 

at gdbtest2.cpp:37
37            NumBox<T> *current = pointer;
(gdb) display *pointer
1: *this->pointer = {Num = 9, Next = 0x10012098}
(gdb) s
38            NumBox<T> *temp = 0;  
1: *this->pointer = {Num = 9, Next = 0x10012098}
(gdb) s
40            while (current != 0) {
1: *this->pointer = {Num = 9, Next = 0x10012098}
(gdb) s
41                    if (current->GetValue() == item_to_remove) {
1: *this->pointer = {Num = 9, Next = 0x10012098}
(gdb) s
NumBox<int>::GetValue (this=0x100120a8) at gdbtest2.cpp:16
16            const T& GetValue () const { return Num; }
(gdb) s
NumChain<int>::RemoveBox (this=0x10012008, item_to_remove=@0xffffe200) 
 
at gdbtest2.cpp:42
42                       if (temp == 0) { 
1: *this->pointer = {Num = 9, Next = 0x10012098}
(gdb) s
44                               if (current->GetNext() == 0) {
1: *this->pointer = {Num = 9, Next = 0x10012098}
(gdb) s
NumBox<int>::GetNext (this=0x100120a8) at gdbtest2.cpp:14
14            NumBox<T>*GetNext() const { return Next; }
(gdb) s
NumChain<int>::RemoveBox (this=0x10012008, item_to_remove=@0xffffe200) 

at gdbtest2.cpp:50
50                                            delete current;
1: *this->pointer = {Num = 9, Next = 0x10012098}
(gdb) s
~NumBox (this=0x100120a8) at gdbtest2.cpp:10
10            std::cout << "Number Box " <<"\""  << GetValue() 
 
<<"\""  <<" deleted" << std::endl;
(gdb) s
NumBox<int>::GetValue (this=0x100120a8) at gdbtest2.cpp:16
16            const T& GetValue () const { return Num; }
(gdb) s
Number Box "9" deleted
~NumBox (this=0x100120a8) at gdbtest2.cpp:11
11            Next = 0;
(gdb) s
NumChain<int>::RemoveBox (this=0x10012008, item_to_remove=@0xffffe200) 

at gdbtest2.cpp:51
51                                           current = 0;
1: *this->pointer = {Num = 0, Next = 0x0}
(gdb) s
53                                    return 0;
1: *this->pointer = {Num = 0, Next = 0x0}
(gdb) s
0x10000d1c      66                      return -1;
1: *this->pointer = {Num = 0, Next = 0x0}

                
     49                     } else {
     50                             pointer = pointer->GetNext();
     51                             delete current;
     52                             current = 0;
     53                      }
     54                      return 0;

                
# g++ -g -o gdbtest3 gdbtest3.cpp
# ./gdbtest3
Number Box "0" created
Number Box "1" created
Number Box "2" created
Number Box "3" created
Number Box "4" created
Number Box "5" created
Number Box "6" created
Number Box "7" created
Number Box "8" created
Number Box "9" created
list created
Number Box "9" deleted
Number Box "8" deleted
Number Box "7" deleted
Number Box "6" deleted
Number Box "5" deleted
Number Box "4" deleted
Number Box "3" deleted
Number Box "2" deleted
Number Box "1" deleted
Number Box "0" deleted

                
#include <stdio.h>
#include "pthread.h>
pthread_mutex_t AccountA_mutex;
pthread_mutex_t AccountB_mutex;
struct BankAccount {
     char account_name[1];
     int balance;
};
struct BankAccount  accountA = {"A", 10000 };
struct BankAccount  accountB = {"B", 20000 };
void * transferAB (void* amount_ptr) {
     int amount = *((int*)amount_ptr);
     pthread_mutex_lock(&AccountA_mutex);
     if (accountA.balance < amount)   {
             printf("There is not enough memory in Account A!\n");
             pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountA_mutex);
             pthread_exit((void *)1);
     }
     accountA.balance -=amount;
     sleep(1);
     pthread_mutex_lock(&AccountB_mutex);
     accountB.balance +=amount;
     pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountA_mutex); 
     pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountB_mutex);
}
void * transferBA (void* amount_ptr) {
     int amount = *((int*)amount_ptr);
     pthread_mutex_lock(&AccountB_mutex);
     if (accountB.balance < amount)   {
             printf("There is not enough memory in Account B!\n");
             pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountB_mutex);
             pthread_exit((void *)1);
     }
     accountB.balance -=amount;
     sleep(1);
     pthread_mutex_lock(&AccountA_mutex);
     accountA.balance +=amount;
     pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountB_mutex);
     pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountA_mutex);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
     int             threadid[4];
     pthread_t       pthread[4];
     int             transfer_amount[4] = {100, 200, 300, 400};
     int             final_balanceA, final_balanceB;
     final_balanceA=accountA.balance-transfer_amount[0]-

transfer_amount[1]+transfer_amount[2]+transfer_amount[3];
     final_balanceB=accountB.balance+transfer_amount[0]

+transfer_amount[1]-transfer_amount[2]-transfer_amount[3];
     if (threadid[0] = pthread_create(&pthread[0], NULL, transferAB, 
     (void*)&transfer_amount[0]) " 0) {
             perror("Thread #0 creation failed.");
             exit (1);
        }
     if (threadid[1] = pthread_create(&pthread[1], NULL, transferAB, 
      (void*)&transfer_amount[1]) " 0) {
             perror("Thread #1 creation failed.");
             exit (1);
     }
     if (threadid[2] = pthread_create(&pthread[2], NULL, transferBA, 
      (void*)&transfer_amount[2]) < 0) {
             perror("Thread #2 creation failed.");
             exit (1);
     }
     if (threadid[3] = pthread_create(&pthread[3], NULL, transferBA, 
        (void*)&transfer_amount[3]) < 0) {
             perror("Thread #3 creation failed.");
             exit (1);
     }
     printf("Transitions are in progress..");
     while ((accountA.balance != final_balanceA) && (accountB.balance 
             != final_balanceB)) {
             printf("..");
     }
     printf("\nAll the  money is transferred !!\n");
}

# gcc -g -o gdbtest2 gdbtest2.c -L/lib/tls -lpthread

                
# ps -ef |grep gdbtest2
root      9510  8065  1 06:30 pts/1    00:00:00 ./gdbtest2
root      9516  9400  0 06:30 pts/4    00:00:00 grep gdbtest2
# gdb -pid 9510
GNU gdb 6.2.1
Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you 
are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain 
conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB.  Type "show warranty" for 
details.
This GDB was configured as "ppc-suse-linux".
Attaching to process 9510
Reading symbols from /root/test/gdbtest2...done.
Using host libthread_db library "/lib/tls/libthread_db.so.1".
Reading symbols from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0...done.
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
[New Thread 1073991712 (LWP 9510)]
[New Thread 1090771744 (LWP 9514)]
[New Thread 1086577440 (LWP 9513)]
[New Thread 1082383136 (LWP 9512)]
[New Thread 1078188832 (LWP 9511)]
Loaded symbols for /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
Reading symbols from /lib/tls/libc.so.6...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/tls/libc.so.6
Reading symbols from /lib/ld.so.1...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/ld.so.1
0x0ff4ac40 in __write_nocancel () from /lib/tls/libc.so.6
(gdb) info thread
  5 Thread 1078188832 (LWP 9511)  0x0ffe94ec in __lll_lock_wait () 
   from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
  4 Thread 1082383136 (LWP 9512)  0x0ffe94ec in __lll_lock_wait () 
   from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
  3 Thread 1086577440 (LWP 9513)  0x0ffe94ec in __lll_lock_wait () 
   from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
  2 Thread 1090771744 (LWP 9514)  0x0ffe94ec in __lll_lock_wait () 
        from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
  1 Thread 1073991712 (LWP 9510)  0x0ff4ac40 in __write_nocancel () 
     from /lib/tls/libc.so.6
(gdb)

                
(gdb) thread apply 1 where
Thread 1 (Thread 1073991712 (LWP 9510)):
#0  0x0ff4ac40 in __write_nocancel () from /lib/tls/libc.so.6
#1  0x0ff4ac28 in __write_nocancel () from /lib/tls/libc.so.6
Previous frame identical to this frame (corrupt stack?)
#0  0x0ff4ac40 in __write_nocancel () from /lib/tls/libc.so.6
(gdb) thread apply 2 where
Thread 2 (Thread 1090771744 (LWP 9514)):
#0  0x0ffe94ec in __lll_lock_wait () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#1  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#2  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#3  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#4  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
Previous frame inner to this frame (corrupt stack?)
#0  0x0ff4ac40 in __write_nocancel () from /lib/tls/libc.so.6
(gdb) thread apply 3 where
Thread 3 (Thread 1086577440 (LWP 9513)):
#0  0x0ffe94ec in __lll_lock_wait () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#1  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#2  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#3  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#4  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
Previous frame inner to this frame (corrupt stack?)
#0  0x0ff4ac40 in __write_nocancel () from /lib/tls/libc.so.6
(gdb) thread apply 4 where
Thread 4 (Thread 1082383136 (LWP 9512)):
#0  0x0ffe94ec in __lll_lock_wait () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#1  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#2  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#3  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#4  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
Previous frame inner to this frame (corrupt stack?)
#0  0x0ff4ac40 in __write_nocancel () from /lib/tls/libc.so.6
 (gdb) thread apply 5 where
Thread 5 (Thread 1078188832 (LWP 9511)):
#0  0x0ffe94ec in __lll_lock_wait () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#1  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#2  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#3  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
#4  0x0ffe466c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0
Previous frame inner to this frame (corrupt stack?)
#0  0x0ff4ac40 in __write_nocancel () from /lib/tls/libc.so.6

                
(gdb) print AccountA_mutex
$1 = {__m_reserved = 2, __m_count = 0, __m_owner = 0x2527, 

__m_kind = 0, __m_lock  = {__status = 1, __spinlock = 0}}
(gdb) print 0x2527
$2 = 9511
(gdb) print AccountB_mutex
$3 = {__m_reserved = 2, __m_count = 0, __m_owner = 0x2529, 

__m_kind = 0, __m_lock = {__status = 1, __spinlock = 0}}
(gdb) print 0x2529
$4 = 9513
(gdb)  

                    
.
.
void * transferAB (void* amount_ptr) {
        int amount = *((int*)amount_ptr);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&AccountA_mutex);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&AccountB_mutex);
        if (accountA.balance < amount)   {
                printf("There is not enough memory in Account A!\n");
                pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountA_mutex);
                pthread_exit((void *)1);
        }
        accountA.balance -=amount;
        sleep(1);
        accountB.balance +=amount;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountA_mutex);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountB_mutex);
}
void * transferBA (void* amount_ptr) {
        int amount = *((int*)amount_ptr);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&AccountA_mutex);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&AccountB_mutex);
        if (accountB.balance < amount)   {
                printf("There is not enough memory in Account B!\n");
                pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountB_mutex);
                pthread_exit((void *)1);
        }
        accountB.balance -=amount;
        sleep(1);
        accountA.balance +=amount;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountA_mutex);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountB_mutex);
}
.
.

                    
.
.
void * transferAB (void* amount_ptr) {
        int amount = *((int*)amount_ptr);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&AccountA_mutex);
        if (accountA.balance < amount)   {
                printf("There is not enough memory in Account A!\n");
                pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountA_mutex);
                pthread_exit((void *)1);
        }
        accountA.balance -=amount;
        sleep(1);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountA_mutex);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&AccountB_mutex); 
        accountB.balance +=amount;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountB_mutex);
}
void * transferBA (void* amount_ptr) {
        int amount = *((int*)amount_ptr);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&AccountB_mutex);
        if (accountB.balance < amount)   {
                printf("There is not enough memory in Account B!\n");
                pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountB_mutex);
                pthread_exit((void *)1);
        }
        accountB.balance -=amount;
        sleep(1);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountB_mutex);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&AccountA_mutex); 
        accountA.balance +=amount;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&AccountA_mutex);
}
.
.
.

# jdb appClass

# java -Xdebug -Xnoagent - 
Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,

address=8888 -Djava.compiler=NONEappClass

# jdb -attach 8888

$ strace -o strace.cat.out cat /etc/shadow
cat: /etc/shadow: Permission denied
$

                
     88 open("/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_NUMERIC", 
          O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
     89 open("/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_NUMERIC", O_RDONLY) = 3
     90 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=54, ...}) = 0
     91 mmap(NULL, 54, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x4010f000
     92 close(3)                                = 0
     93 open("/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_CTYPE", 
            O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
     94 open("/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_CTYPE", O_RDONLY) = 3
     95 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=208464, ...}) = 0
     96 mmap(NULL, 208464, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x40110000
     97 close(3)                                = 0
     98 fstat64(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, 
          st_rdev=makedev(136, 4), ...}) = 0
     99 open("/etc/shadow", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = -1 EACCES 
           (Permission denied)
    100 write(2, "cat: ", 5)                    = 5
    101 write(2, "/etc/shadow", 11)             = 11
    102 open("/usr/share/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", 
           O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    103 open("/usr/share/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", 
            O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    104 open("/usr/share/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", 
           O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    105 open("/usr/share/locale/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", 
           O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    106 open("/usr/share/locale/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", 
          O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    107 open("/usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", 
          O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    108 write(2, ": Permission denied", 19)     = 19
    109 write(2, "\n", 1)                       = 1
    110 close(1)                                = 0
    111 exit_group(1)