3.1   Basic Procedure

3.1   基本過程

1. Get Boost; see sections 1 and 2 [Unix/Linux, Windows] of theBoost Getting Started Guide.

   獲取Boost；見Boost入門指南第1和第2節(jié)[Unix/Linux，Windows]。

2. Get the bjam build driver.  See section 5 [Unix/Linux,Windows] of the Boost Getting Started Guide.

   獲取bjam構(gòu)建驅(qū)動器。見Boost入門指門第5節(jié)[Unix/Linux，Windows]。

3. cd into the libs/python/example/quickstart/ directory of yourBoost installation, which contains a small example project.

   cd到Boost安裝目錄下的libs/python/example/quickstart/，那里有個小的示例工程。

4. Invoke bjam.  Replace the "stage" argument from theexample invocation from section 5 of the Getting StartedGuide with "test," to build all the test targets.  Also addthe argument "--verbose-test" to see the output generated bythe tests when they are run.

   調(diào)用bjam。將入門指南第5節(jié)例示的調(diào)用命令中的“stage”參數(shù)替換為“test”，來構(gòu)建所有測試目標(biāo)。  同時添加參數(shù)“--verbose-test”來查看測試運行時生成的輸出。

   On Windows, your bjam invocation might look something like:

   在Windows上，你的bjam調(diào)用可能像這樣：

   C:\boost_1_34_0\…\quickstart> bjam toolset=msvc --verbose-test test

   and on Unix variants, perhaps,

   而在各種Unix上，可能是：

   ~/boost_1_34_0/…/quickstart$ bjam toolset=gcc --verbose-test test

If you followed this procedure successfully, you will have built anextension module called extending and tested it by running aPython script called test_extending.py.  You will also havebuilt and run a simple application called embedding that embedspython.

如果你能成功地遵循這個過程，你將構(gòu)建出一個擴(kuò)展模塊，名為extending，并運行一個名為test_extending.py的Python腳本測試它。你也將構(gòu)建并運行一個內(nèi)嵌python的簡單應(yīng)用程序，名為embedding。

3.2   In Case of Trouble

3.2   如果遇到問題

If you're seeing lots of compiler and/or linker error messages,it's probably because Boost.Build is having trouble finding yourPython installation.  You might want to pass the--debug-configuration option to bjam the first few timesyou invoke it, to make sure that Boost.Build is correctly locatingall the parts of your Python installation.  If it isn't, considerConfiguring Boost.Build as detailed below.

如果你見到大量編譯或連接的錯誤信息，那可能是因為Boost.Build無法找到你的Python安裝。你也許要在最初幾次調(diào)用bjam時，傳入--debug-configuration參數(shù)，以確保Boost.Build正確定位了所有Python組件。 如果不是，請考慮配置Boost.Build。

If you're still having trouble, Someone on one of the followingmailing lists may be able to help:

如果仍有問題，請向以下郵件列表尋求幫助：

• The Boost.Build mailing list for issues related to Boost.Build
• The Python C++ Sig for issues specifically related to Boost.Python

• Boost.Build郵件列表，Boost.Build相關(guān)問題
• PythonC++ Sig，Boost.Python相關(guān)的專門問題

3.3   In Case Everything Seemed to Work

3.3   如果一切都好

Rejoice!  If you're new to Boost.Python, at this point it might bea good idea to ignore build issues for a while and concentrate onlearning the library by going through the tutorial and perhapssome of the reference documentation, trying out what you'velearned about the API by modifying the quickstart project.

恭喜！如果您是Boost.Python新手，此時，最好暫時不理會構(gòu)建問題，而是集中精力去學(xué)習(xí)庫，盡快學(xué)完教程，然后可能是參考文檔，同時通過修改快速入門工程，試用你所學(xué)到的API。

3.4   Modifying the Example Project

3.4   修改示例工程

If you're content to keep your extension module forever in onesource file called extending.cpp, inside your Boostdistribution, and import it forever as extending, then you canstop here.  However, it's likely that you will want to make a fewchanges.  There are a few things you can do without having to learnBoost.Build in depth.

如果你滿足于此，擴(kuò)展模塊的源文件永遠(yuǎn)是extending.cpp，位于Boost發(fā)布目錄中，并永遠(yuǎn)按extending導(dǎo)入，那么你就可以到此為止。 不過很可能是，你會想作一些變動。有許多事你可以做，而無須深入學(xué)習(xí)Boost.Build。

The project you just built is specified in two files in the currentdirectory: boost-build.jam, which tells bjam where it canfind the interpreted code of the Boost build system, andJamroot, which describes the targets you just built.  Thesefiles are heavily commented, so they should be easy to modify.Take care, however, to preserve whitespace.  Punctuation such as; will not be recognized as intended by bjam if it is notsurrounded by whitespace.

你剛剛構(gòu)建的工程，是由當(dāng)前目錄下的兩個文件詳細(xì)說明的：boost-build.jam（它告訴bjam，哪里可以找到Boost編譯系統(tǒng)的解釋代碼），和Jamroot（它描述了你剛剛構(gòu)建的目標(biāo)）。這些文件具有詳細(xì)的注釋，所以它們應(yīng)該很容易修改。不過小心，要保留空白字符。如;這樣的標(biāo)點符號，如果周圍沒有空白字符，bjam將無法識別。

../../../../tools/build/v2

/home/dave/boost_1_34_0/tools/build/v2

../../../..

/home/dave/boost_1_34_0

… file1.cpp file2.cpp file3.cpp …

python-extension extending : extending.cpp ;

python-extension hello : extending.cpp ;

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(extending)

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(hello)

5.1   Python Configuration Parameters

5.1   Python配置參數(shù)

If you have several versions of Python installed, or Python isinstalled in an unusual way, you may want to supply any or all ofthe following optional parameters to using python.

如果你安裝了多個Python，或Python以一個不尋常的方式安裝，你可能要向using python提供下列部分或全部可選參數(shù)。

version

the version of Python to use.  Should be in Major.Minorformat, for example, 2.3.  Do not include the subminorversion (i.e. not 2.5.1).  If you have multiple Pythonversions installed, the version will usually be the onlyconfiguration argument required.

使用的Python的版本。格式為“主要版本號.次要版本號”，例如2.3。不包括子次版本號（即不是2.5.1）。如果你安裝了多個版本的Python，版本號通常是唯一要求的配置參數(shù)。

cmd-or-prefix

preferably, a command that invokes a Python interpreter.Alternatively, the installation prefix for Python libraries andheader files.  Only use the alternative formulation if there isno appropriate Python executable available.

最好是一個調(diào)用Python解釋器的命令。也可以是，Python庫和頭文件的安裝前綴。僅當(dāng)沒有合適的Python可執(zhí)行程序時，才使用第二種方式。

includes

the #include paths for Python headers.  Normally the correctpath(s) will be automatically deduced from version and/orcmd-or-prefix.

Python頭文件的#include路徑。通常，正確的路徑將從version和cmd-or-prefix自動推斷。

libraries

the path to Python library binaries.  On MacOS/Darwin,you can also pass the path of the Python framework.  Normally thecorrect path(s) will be automatically deduced from versionand/or cmd-or-prefix.

Python二進(jìn)制庫的路徑。在MacOS/Darwin上，你還可以傳入Python框架的路徑。通常，正確的路徑將從version和cmd-or-prefix自動推斷。

condition

if specified, should be a set of Boost.Buildproperties that are matched against the build configuration whenBoost.Build selects a Python configuration to use.  See examplesbelow for details.

如果要指定，應(yīng)該是一組Boost.Build屬性，當(dāng)Boost.Build選擇使用一個Python配置時，用于改寫默認(rèn)的構(gòu)建配置。詳情見下面例子。

extension-suffix

A string to append to the name of extensionmodules before the true filename extension.  You almost certainlydon't need to use this.  Usually this suffix is only used whentargeting a Windows debug build of Python, and will be setautomatically for you based on the value of the<python-debugging> feature.  However, at least one Linuxdistribution (Ubuntu Feisty Fawn) has a specially configuredpython-dbg package that claims to use such a suffix.

一個字符串，用來附加到擴(kuò)展模塊名上（在真實的文件擴(kuò)展名之前）。你幾乎肯定不需要用到這個。通常這個后綴只用于針對Windows的Python調(diào)試版，并且，它會基于<python-debugging>特性的值自動設(shè)定。不過，至少有一個Linux發(fā)行版（Ubuntu Feisty Fawn），有一個特別配置的python-dbg包，聲稱使用了這樣的后綴。

5.2   Examples

5.2   例子

Note that in the examples below, case and especially whitespace aresignificant.

注意，在下面的例子中，大小寫，尤其是空白字符是有意義的。

• If you have both python 2.5 and python 2.4 installed,user-config.jam might contain:

  如果你同時安裝了python 2.5和python 2.4，user-config.jam可能包含：

  using python : 2.5 ;  # Make both versions of Python available
  
  using python : 2.4 ;  # To build with python 2.4, add python=2.4
                        # to your command line.
  

  The first version configured (2.5) becomes the default.  To buildagainst python 2.4, add python=2.4 to the bjam command line.

  第一個配置的版本（2.5）將成為默認(rèn)值。如果要使用python 2.4構(gòu)建，請在bjam命令行中添加python=2.4。

• If you have python installed in an unusual location, you mightsupply the path to the interpreter in the cmd-or-prefixparameter:

  如果你把python安裝在一個不尋常的位置，你可以在cmd-or-prefix參數(shù)中提供解釋器的路徑：

  using python : : /usr/local/python-2.6-beta/bin/python ;

• If you have a separate build of Python for use with a particulartoolset, you might supply that toolset in the conditionparameter:

  如果一個特定工具集使用了一個單獨構(gòu)建的Python，你可以在condition參數(shù)中提供該工具集。

  using python ;  # use for most toolsets
  
  # Use with Intel C++ toolset
  using python
       : # version
       : c:\\Devel\\Python-2.5-IntelBuild\\PCBuild\\python # cmd-or-prefix
       : # includes
       : # libraries
       : <toolset>intel # condition
       ;
  

• If you have downloaded the Python sources and built both thenormal and the "python debugging" builds from source onWindows, you might see:

  如果你下載了Python源碼并且在Windows上自己構(gòu)建了python和python調(diào)試版，你可能會看到：

  using python : 2.5 : C:\\src\\Python-2.5\\PCBuild\\python ;
  using python : 2.5 : C:\\src\\Python-2.5\\PCBuild\\python_d
    : # includes
    : # libs
    : <python-debugging>on ;
  

• You can set up your user-config.jam so a bjam built under Windowscan build/test both Windows and Cygwin python extensions.  Just pass<target-os>cygwin in the condition parameterfor the cygwin python installation:

  你可以設(shè)置user-config.jam，讓W(xué)indows上的bjam能夠構(gòu)建和測試兩個版本的python擴(kuò)展，既有Windows版，也有Cygwin版。只需在condition參數(shù)中，為cygwin的python安裝傳入<target-os>cygwin：

  # windows installation
  using python ;
  
  # cygwin installation
  using python : : c:\\cygwin\\bin\\python2.5 : : : <target-os>cygwin ;
  

  when you put target-os=cygwin in your build request, it should buildwith the cygwin version of python:⁵

  當(dāng)你在構(gòu)建請求中加入target-os=cygwin，它就應(yīng)該使用cygwin版本的python進(jìn)行構(gòu)建：⁵

  bjam target-os=cygwin toolset=gcc

  This is supposed to work the other way, too (targeting windowspython with a Cygwin bjam) but it seems as though the support inBoost.Build's toolsets for building that way is broken at thetime of this writing.

  另一種方式應(yīng)該也行（使用Cygwin上的bjam，以windows python為目標(biāo)），但在本文寫作之時，Boost.Build的工具集對那種構(gòu)建方式的支持好像有問題。

• Note that because of the way Boost.Build currently selects targetalternatives, you might have be very explicit in your buildrequests.  For example, given:

  注意，在Boost.Build目前選擇不同目標(biāo)的方式下，可能你的編譯請求必須非常明確。舉例來說，如有：

  using python : 2.5 ; # a regular windows build
  using python : 2.4 : : : : <target-os>cygwin ;

  building with

  以

  bjam target-os=cygwin

  will yield an error.  Instead, you'll need to write:

  構(gòu)建會產(chǎn)生一個錯誤。你需要這樣寫才行：

  bjam target-os=cygwin/python=2.4

6.1   The Dynamic Binary

6.1   動態(tài)二進(jìn)制

The dynamic library is the safest and most-versatile choice:

動態(tài)庫是最安全和最通用的選擇：

• A single copy of the library code is used by all extensionmodules built with a given toolset.³
• The library contains a type conversion registry.  Because oneregistry is shared among all extension modules, instances of aclass exposed to Python in one dynamically-loaded extensionmodule can be passed to functions exposed in another such module.

• 用特定工具集構(gòu)建的所有擴(kuò)展模塊，都使用同一份庫代碼。³
• 庫包含一個類型轉(zhuǎn)換注冊表。因為所有擴(kuò)展模塊共享一個注冊表，所以，在一個動態(tài)裝載的擴(kuò)展模塊中，導(dǎo)出到Python的類實例，可以傳給另一個動態(tài)模塊中導(dǎo)出的函數(shù)。

6.2   The Static Binary

6.2   靜態(tài)二進(jìn)制

It might be appropriate to use the static Boost.Python library inany of the following cases:

下列任一情況下，可能適合使用靜態(tài)的Boost.Python庫：

• You are extending python and the types exposed in yourdynamically-loaded extension module don't need to be used by anyother Boost.Python extension modules, and you don't care if thecore library code is duplicated among them.
• You are embedding python in your application and either:
  • You are targeting a Unix variant OS other than MacOS or AIX,where the dynamically-loaded extension modules can "see" theBoost.Python library symbols that are part of the executable.
  • Or, you have statically linked some Boost.Python extensionmodules into your application and you don't care if anydynamically-loaded Boost.Python extension modules are able touse the types exposed by your statically-linked extensionmodules (and vice-versa).

• 你是在擴(kuò)展Python，并且，你動態(tài)加載的擴(kuò)展模塊中導(dǎo)出的類型，不需要被其他Boost.Python擴(kuò)展模塊使用，你也不關(guān)心核心庫代碼是否在它們中間重復(fù)。
• 你是在應(yīng)用程序中內(nèi)嵌Python，并且：
  • 你的目標(biāo)是MacOS或AIX以外的類Unix OS，在那里，動態(tài)加載的擴(kuò)展模塊，可以“看見”可執(zhí)行文件中Boost.Python庫的符號。
  • 或者，你已經(jīng)靜態(tài)鏈接了一些Boost.Python擴(kuò)展模塊到你的應(yīng)用程序，并且你不關(guān)心動態(tài)加載的Boost.Python擴(kuò)展模塊，是否能夠使用你靜態(tài)鏈接的擴(kuò)展模塊所導(dǎo)出的類型（反之亦然）。