CLR語法中，值類型指針分為兩種類型：V*（限于非 CLR 堆位置）和內(nèi)部指針 interior_ptr<V>（允許但不要求托管堆內(nèi)的地址）。
釘住指針
通常，在壓縮階段，垃圾回收器可選擇將駐留在 CLR 堆上的對象移動到堆內(nèi)的不同位置。這種移動對于跟蹤句柄、跟蹤引用和內(nèi)部指針而言不是問題，它們都透明地更新這些實(shí)體。但是，如果用戶在運(yùn)行時環(huán)境外傳遞了 CLR 堆上對象的地址，這種移動就會導(dǎo)致問題。在這種情況下，對象的不穩(wěn)定運(yùn)動可能導(dǎo)致運(yùn)行時失敗。要避免此類對象的移動，必須在本地將它們釘在自己的位置上以供外部使用。
在托管擴(kuò)展中，“釘住指針”是通過使用 __pin 關(guān)鍵字限定指針聲明來聲明的。下面是一個來自托管擴(kuò)展規(guī)范的經(jīng)過略微修改的示例：
復(fù)制代碼
__gc struct H { int j; };
int main()
{
H * h = new H;
int __pin * k = & h -> j;
// …
};
在新的語言設(shè)計中，釘住指針是使用類似于內(nèi)部指針的語法來聲明的。
復(fù)制代碼
ref struct H
{
public:
int j;
};
int main()
{
H^ h = gcnew H;
pin_ptr<int> k = &h->j;
// …
}
interior_ptr
Declares a pointer to inside a reference type, but not to the object itself. An interior pointer can point to a reference handle, value type, boxed type handle, member of a managed type, or to an element of a managed array.
cli::interior_ptr<cv_qualifier type> var = &initializer;
Remarks
A native pointer is not able to track an item as its location changes on the managed heap, which results from the garbage collector moving instances of an object. In order for a pointer to correctly refer to the instance, the runtime needs to update the pointer to the newly positioned object.
An interior_ptr represents a superset of the functionality of a native pointer. Therefore, anything that can be assigned to a native pointer can also be assigned to an interior_ptr. An interior pointer is permitted to perform the same set of operations as native pointers, including comparison and pointer arithmetic.
An interior pointer can only be declared on the stack. An interior pointer cannot be declared as a member of a class.
Since interior pointers exist only on the stack, taking the address of an interior pointer yields an unmanaged pointer.
interior_ptr has an implicit conversion to bool, which allows for its use in conditional statements.
For information on how to declare an interior pointer that points into an object that cannot be moved on the garbage-collected heap, see pin_ptr.
interior_ptr is in the cli namespace. See cli Namespace for more information.
//Example
// interior_ptr.cpp
// compile with: /clr
using namespace System;
ref class MyClass {
public:
int data;
};
int main() {
MyClass ^ h_MyClass = gcnew MyClass;
h_MyClass->data = 1;
Console::WriteLine(h_MyClass->data);
interior_ptr<int> p = &(h_MyClass->data);
*p = 2;
Console::WriteLine(h_MyClass->data);
// alternatively
interior_ptr<MyClass ^> p2 = &h_MyClass;
(*p2)->data = 3;
Console::WriteLine((*p2)->data);
}