終于無聊到來寫書評,最近的項目一直都沒和C++有什么關系,不過看的書卻都是C++方面的,而最近看到的幾本書中感覺最好的莫過于這本《C++ Templates》
Nicolai M. Josuttis的書我很喜歡,從他的那本《The C++ Standard Template Library》就看出了他很多獨特的風格,令我愛不釋手,所以這本《C++ Template》 也進入了我的必看書單。粗讀之后,感覺整本書絕對將成為C++泛型領域的圣經級著作
- 這本書角度選得很好,全書分三個部分,分別介紹模板基礎、模版的編譯器實現、模板的高級技巧,三個部分相輔相成、相互照應,由淺入深而又自然而然,還方便分開閱讀(比如我就重點看了第一第三部分,模版實現被我略過了
)卻又全面覆蓋了這一領域
- 這本書英文很淺顯(比《Modern C++ Design》淺顯了不知多少倍),語言嚴謹而又不晦澀,尤其要贊的就是廢話尤其地少!
- 章節安排很合理,很方別作為工具書應急查閱(《C++STL》就有這個優點,與這本書科學家+工程師的組合不無關系)
- 書中好多技術,我是聞所未聞,驚為天人,尤其第三部分,可以算得上眼花繚亂,而且給出的實現感覺既符合標準、實用、而且沒有炫技的成分
同類書籍據我所知沒有可以達到這個高度的,大部分C++泛型方面的專著只局限于怎么用STL,將模板基礎的書,也僅限于最表面的語法,像模版參數推導這種問題鮮有涉及,更不用提關于Metaprogramming,這本書圣經的地位估計后人也是難以企及了。
下面是我看書時畫下來的一些覺得自己平時應該注意的地方,放在這里做備忘好了
- (P12) [Argument Deducion] If we pass two ints to the parameter type T const& the C++ compiler must conclude that T must be int. Note that no automatic type conversion is allowed here,Each T must match exactly.
template <typename T>
inline T const& max (T const& a,T const& b);


max(4,7)//OK:T is int for both arguments
max(4,4.2)//ERROR:first T is int,second T is double
- (P13)[Template Parameters] In function templates(unlike class template) no default template arguments can be specified
- (P14)[Template Parameters]Deducation can be seen as part of overlaod resolution-a process tha is not based on selection of return type either.The sole exception is the return type of conversion operator members.
- (P18)[Overloading Function Template] The fact that not all overloaded functions are visible when a corresponding function call is made may or may not matter.
- (P39)[Nontype Function Template Parameters] Function templates are considered to name a set of overloaded function.However,according to the current standard,sets of overload functions cannot be used for template parameter deducation.Thus you have to cast to the exactly type of the function template arguments
template <typename T,int VAL>
T addValue (T const& x)


{
return x+VAL
}

std::transform(source.begin(),source.end(),//start and end of source
dest.begin(),//start of destination
(int(*)(int const&))addValue<int,5>);//operation

- (P40)[Restrictions for Nontype Template Parameters] 太長了,略過
- (P44)[The .template Construct]
template <int N>
void printBitset (std::bitset<N> const& bs)


{
std::cout<<bs.to_string<char,char_traits<char>,allacator<char> >();//ERROR:can't recogonize the template
}

template <int N>
void printBitset (std::bitset<N> const& bs)


{
std::cout<<bs.template to_string<char,char_traits<char>,allacator<char> >();//OK
}
- (P45)[Using this->]
template <typename T>
class Base


{
public:
void bar();
};

template <typename T>
class Derived : Base<T>


{
public:
void foo()

{
bar();//call external bar() or error
}
}

template <typename T>
class Derived : Base<T>


{
public:
void foo()

{
this->bar();//OK
}
}
- 同樣精彩的還有(P57)[Using String Literals as Arguments for Function Templates]
- 令我驚異的SFINE技術(substitution-failure-is-not-an-error)
template <typename T>
class IsClassT


{
private:
typedef char One;

typedef struct
{char a[2];} Two;
template <typename C> static One test (int::C*);
template <typename C> static Two test(
);
public:

enum
{Yes=sizeof(IsClassT<T>::test<T>(0))==1};

enum
{No=!Yes};
};
總而言之,此書帶給了我前所未有的閱讀享受......我今年震撼大獎一定會投它一票