struct timeval結構體在time.h中的定義為: struct timeval { time_t tv_sec; /* Seconds. */ suseconds_t tv_usec; /* Microseconds. */ }; 其中,tv_sec為Epoch到創(chuàng)建struct timeval時的秒數,tv_usec為微秒
struct timeval結構體在time.h中的定義為:
struct timeval
{
time_t tv_sec; /* Seconds. */
suseconds_t tv_usec; /* Microseconds. */
};
其中,tv_sec為Epoch到創(chuàng)建struct timeval時的秒數,tv_usec為微秒數,即秒后面的零頭。比如當前我寫博文時的tv_sec為1244770435,tv_usec為442388,即當前時間距Epoch時間1244770435秒,442388微秒。需要注意的是,因為循環(huán)過程,新建結構體變量等過程需消耗部分時間,我們作下面的運算時會得到如下結果:
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
printf("%d\t%d\n", tv.tv_usec, tv.tv_sec);
sleep(1);
}
442388 1244770435
443119 1244770436
443543 1244770437
444153 1244770438
前面為微秒數,后面為秒數,可以看出,在這個簡單運算中,只能精確到小數點后面一到兩位,或者可以看出,每進行一次循環(huán),均需花費0.005秒的時間,用這個程序來作計時器顯然是不行的,除非精確計算產生的代碼消耗時間。
gettimeofday() -- 獲取當前時間(保存在結構體timeval中)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>
int main(int argc, char * argv[]){
struct timeval tv; //(1)
while(1){
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); //(2)
printf("time %u:%u\n", tv.tv_sec, tv.tv_usec);
sleep(2);
}
return 0;
}
(1) struct--timeval
--------------------------------------------------
struct timeval {
time_t tv_sec; /* seconds */
suseconds_t tv_usec; /* microseconds */
};
millisecond 毫秒
microsecond 微秒
timeval表示一個時間點,比如:
timeval.tv_sec = 1 (s)
timevat.tv_usec = 500 000 (μs)
1:500 = 1s500000μs = 1.5s
(2) gettimeofday()
--------------------------------------------------
int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, struct timezone *tz);
The functions gettimeofday() and settimeofday() can get and set the time as well as a timezone.
The use of the timezone structure is obsolete; the tz argument should normally be specified as NULL.
(3) 運行結果:
--------------------------------------------------
time 1181788367:991487
time 1181788369:991602
表示睡眠2秒經過的精確時間為: 2s115μs