• Sisteme de operare 2
  • The team
  • Where do we stand?
  • Resources
  • Community
  • Grading
  • Obiectivele cursului
  • Obiectivele laboratorului/temelor
  • Cursuri necesare
  • Despre curs
  • Despre curs (2)
  • Despre laborator
  • Despre teme
  • Despre teme (2)
  • Bibliografie curs
  • Bibliografie laborator
• Introduction
  • Lecture objectives:
  • Basic operating systems terms and concepts
    • User vs Kernel
    • Typical operating system architecture
    • Monolithic kernel
    • Micro kernel
    • Micro-kernels vs monolithic kernels
    • Address space
    • User and kernel sharing the virtual address space
    • Execution contexts
    • Multi-tasking
    • Preemptive kernel
    • Pageable kernel memory
    • Kernel stack
    • Portability
    • Asymmetric MultiProcessing (ASMP)
    • Symmetric MultiProcessing (SMP)
    • CPU Scalability
  • Overview the of Linux kernel
    • Linux development model
    • Maintainer hierarchy
    • Linux source code layout
    • Linux kernel architecture
      • arch
      • Device drivers
      • Process management
      • Memory management
      • Block I/O management
      • Virtual Filesystem Switch
      • Networking stack
      • Linux Security Modules
• System Calls
  • Lecture objectives:
  • Linux system calls implementation
    • System call table
    • System call parameters handling
  • Virtual Dynamic Shared Object (VDSO)
  • Accessing user space from system calls
• Interrupts
  • Lecture objectives
  • What is an interrupt?
    • Exceptions
  • Hardware
    • Programmable Interrupt Controller
    • Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
    • Interrupt Descriptor Table
    • Interrupt handler address
    • Stack of interrupt handler
    • Interrupt handler execution
    • Returning from an interrupt
    • Nested interrupts and exceptions
  • Deferrable actions
• Symmetric Multi-Processing
  • Lecture objectives:
  • Synchronization basics
  • Linux kernel concurrency sources
  • Atomic operations
  • Disabling preemption (interrupts)
  • Spin Locks
  • Cache coherency in multi-processor systems
  • Optimized spin locks
  • Process and Interrupt Context Synchronization
  • Mutexes
  • Per CPU data
  • Memory Ordering and Barriers
  • Read Copy Update (RCU)
• Debugging
  • Lecture objectives:
  • Decoding an oops/panic
    • Decoding an oops
    • addr2line
    • objdump
    • gdb
    • Kernel panic
  • List debugging
  • Memory debugging
    • DEBUG_SLAB
    • KASAN
    • Comparison between memory debugging tools
    • kmemcheck
    • DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
    • SLUB_DEBUG
  • Kmemleak
  • Lockdep checker
  • Other tools
• Virtual Machine Setup
  • Starting the VM
  • Connecting to the VM
  • Connecting a debugger to the VM kernel
  • Rebuild the kernel image
• Exercises
• Introduction
  • Lab objectives
  • Keywords
  • About this laboratory
  • Documentation
  • Source code navigation
    • cscope
      • Kscope
    • LXR Cross-Reference
    • SourceWeb
  • Debugging
    • gdb (Linux)
    • Getting a stack trace
  • Documentation
  • Exercices
    • Remarks
    • 1. Booting the virtual machine
    • 2. Adding and using a virtual disk
    • 3. GDB and QEMU
    • 4. GDB spelunking
    • 5. Cscope spelunking
• Kernel modules
  • Lab objectives
  • Overview
  • An example of a kernel module
  • Compiling kernel modules
  • Loading/unloading a kernel module
  • Debugging
    • objdump
    • addr2line
    • minicom
    • netconsole
    • Printk debugging
    • Dynamic debugging
      • Dyndbg Options
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • 1. Module
    • 2. Printk
    • 3. Error
    • 4. Sub-modules
    • 5. Kernel oops
    • 6. Module parameters
    • 7. Proc info
  • Extra Exercises
    • 1. KDB
    • 2. PS Module
    • 3. Memory Info
    • 4. Dynamic Debugging
    • 5. Dynamic Debugging During Initialization
• Kernel API
  • Lab objectives
  • Overview
  • Accessing memory
  • Contexts of execution
  • Locking
  • Preemptivity
  • Linux Kernel API
    • Convention indicating errors
    • Strings of characters
    • printk
    • Memory allocation
    • lists
    • Spinlock
    • mutex
    • Atomic variables
      • Use of atomic variables
    • Atomic bitwise operations
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • 1. Memory allocation in Linux kernel
    • 2. Sleeping in atomic context
    • 3. Working with kernel memory
    • 4. Working with kernel lists
    • 5. Working with kernel lists for process handling
    • 6. Synchronizing list work
    • 7. Test module calling in our list module
• Character device drivers
  • Laboratory objectives
  • Overview
  • Majors and minors
  • Data structures for a character device
    • struct file_operations
    • inode and file structures
  • Implementation of operations
  • Registration and unregistration of character devices
  • Access to the address space of the process
  • Open and release
  • Read and write
  • ioctl
  • Waiting queues
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • 1. Register/unregister
    • 2. Register an already registered major
    • 3. Open and close
    • 4. Access restriction
    • 5. Read operation
    • 6. Write operation
    • 7. ioctl operation
• I/O access and Interrupts
  • Lab objectives
  • Background information
  • Accessing the hardware
    • Request access to I/O ports
    • Accessing I/O ports
    • 5. Accessing I/O ports from userspace
  • Interrupt handling
    • Requesting an interrupt
    • Implementing an interrupt handler
    • Locking
    • Interrupt statistics
  • Further reading
    • Serial Port
    • Parallel port
    • Keyboard controller
    • Linux device drivers
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • Keyboard driver
    • 1. Request the I/O ports
    • 2. Interrupt handling routine
    • 3. Store ASCII keys to buffer
      • Reading the data register
      • Interpreting the scancode
    • 4. Store characters to the buffer
    • 5. Reset the buffer
• Deferred work
  • Lab objectives
  • Background information
  • Softirqs
    • Tasklets
    • Timers
    • Locking
    • Workqueues
    • Kernel threads
  • Further reading
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • 1.Timer
    • 2. Periodic timer
    • 3. Timer control using ioctl
    • 4. Blocking operations
    • 5. Workqueues
    • 6. Kernel thread
    • 7. Buffer shared between timer and process
• Block Device Drivers
  • Lab objectives
  • Overview
  • Register a block I/O device
  • Register a disk
  • struct gendisk structure
  • struct block_device_operations structure
  • Request queues
    • Create and delete a request queue
    • Useful functions for processing request queues
  • Requests for block devices
    • Create a request
    • Finish a request
    • Process a request
  • struct bio structure
    • Create a struct bio structure
    • Submit a struct bio structure
    • Wait for the completion of a struct bio structure
    • Initialize a struct bio structure
    • How to use the content of a struct bio structure
    • Free a struct bio structure
    • Set up a request queue at struct bio level
  • Further reading
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • 1. Block device
    • 2. Disk registration
    • 3. RAM disk
    • 4. Read data from the disk
    • 5. Write data to the disk
    • 6. Processing requests from the request queue at struct bio level
• Memory mapping
  • Lab objectives
  • Overview
  • Structures used for memory mapping
    • struct page
    • struct vm_area_struct
    • struct mm_struct
  • Device driver memory mapping
  • Further reading
  • Exercises
    • 1. Mapping contiguous physical memory to userspace
    • 2. Mapping non-contiguous physical memory to userspace
    • 3. Read / write operations in mapped memory
    • 4. Display memory mapped in procfs
• Linux Device Model
  • Overview
  • sysfs
  • Basic Structures in Linux Devices
    • The kobject structure
    • Buses
    • Devices
    • Drivers
    • Classes
    • Hotplug
    • Plug and Play
    • PNP bus
    • PNP operations
    • Add driver
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • 1. Bus implementation
    • 2. Add type and version device attributes
    • 3. Add del and add bus attributes
    • 4. Register the bex misc driver
    • 5. Register misc device in the bex_misc probe function
    • 6. Monitor uevent notifications