入職一年了,這一年自己學到許多,但是忘記也很多,于是決定定下心來整理以前學到的,并且繼續學習
二維數組和二級指針,這真是頭疼的問題,困擾了我好幾次,
先轉一下
wanpengcoder的二維數組和二級指針
前兩天寫個程序,傳參數的時候想傳個二維數組進去,結果悲劇了,函數寫成Fun (int **p){},原來沒有這么寫過,
以為這么寫也是對的,結果錯了,查了些資料,做個總結。
Fun (int **p){}這里面的int **p //這里的p不是二維數組的指針,而是指向指針的指針,即二級指針。
正確的二維數組的指針應該是:Int a[2][2];Int (*p)[2];//定義時無論數組維數,只可忽略第一維
例如:int a[2][2]={0,1,2,3};
int **p=(int**)a;//強制將二維數組指針轉為指向指針的指針
則此時p[0]=0;p[1]=1;p[2]=2;p[3]=3;
而p[0][0]=*(*(p+0)+0)=**p;
p[0][1]=*(*(p+0)+1);
對于p[0][0]:由于*p=0; ====> **p=*(0);引用地址為零的內存,必然是錯誤的。
對于p[0][1]=*(*p+1)====>*(4),引用了非法內存同樣,
對于p[1][0]=*(1),p[1][1]=*(5),均引用了非法內存所以說,二位數組并不能簡單的轉換成指向指針的指針。
二維數組其實只是一個指針,而二級指針是指向指針的指針,所以二者并不等價。如上例所示:int a[2][2];
a是指向整個數組的首地址,并不是int **;所以不要指望向函數fun里面傳實參 p=a;
感謝,我覺得那個應該是和下面的情況類似把,中間有個強制轉換的過程:
#include <iostream>
void fun(char ** p)
{
char (*p1)[10] = (char(*)[10])p;
std::cout<<p1[0][0]<<std::endl;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char data[][10] = {"abc","def"};
fun((char **)data);
return 0;
}
----------------------------------------------------------------華麗的分割線---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<c程序設計語言>中的關于這個的解釋:
Newcomers to C are sometimes confused about the difference between a two-dimensional array and an array of pointers, such as name in the example above. Given the definitions
int a[10][20];
int *b[10];
then a[3][4] and b[3][4] are both syntactically legal references to a single int. But a is a true two-dimensional array: 200 int-sized locations have been set aside, and the conventional rectangular subscript calculation 20 * row +col is used to find the element a[row,col]. For b, however, the definition only allocates 10 pointers and does not initialize them; initialization must be done explicitly, either statically or with code. Assuming that each element of b does point to a twenty-element array, then there will be 200 ints set aside, plus ten cells for the pointers. The important advantage of the pointer array is that the rows of the array may be of different lengths. That is, each element of b need not point to a twenty-element vector; some may point to two elements, some to fifty, and some to none at all.
Although we have phrased this discussion in terms of integers, by far the most frequent use of arrays of pointers is to store character strings of diverse lengths, as in the function month_name. Compare the declaration and picture for an array of pointers:
char *name[] = { "Illegal month", "Jan", "Feb", "Mar" };?

with those for a two-dimensional array:
char aname[][15] = { "Illegal month", "Jan", "Feb", "Mar" };

//我的理解是,當是指針數組的時候,可以直接傳,如果是普通的二維數組的話應該就進行上面的轉換。
一下是自己遇到問題:
問題1:
1
#include "stdafx.h"
2
3
#include <iostream>
4
using namespace std;
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6
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typedef struct tagNode_st
8

{
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char m_acData[10];
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int m_iNo;
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}Node_st;
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Node_st Root;
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int Fun(Node_st ** pst)
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{
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//Error
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#if 0
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Node_st astNodeA[2] =
{
{"xiaowang", 1},
{"xiaoming", 2}};
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#else
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static Node_st astNodeA[2] =
{
{"xiaowang1", 1},
{"xiaoming1", 1}};
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#endif
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//static Node_st astNodeB[2] = {{"xiaowang2", 2}, {"xiaoming2", 2}};
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//static Node_st astNodeC[2] = {{"xiaowang3", 3}, {"xiaoming3", 3}};
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*pst = astNodeA;
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return 0;
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}
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int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
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{
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Node_st st[2][2];
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//TypeA
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Fun((Node_st**)st);
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//1.error
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cout<<st[0][0].m_acData<<endl;
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cout<<st[0][0].m_iNo<<endl<<endl;
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//2.error
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cout<<(*st)->m_acData<<endl;
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cout<<(*st)->m_iNo<<endl<<endl;
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//3.right
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cout<<(*(Node_st**)st)->m_acData<<endl;
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cout<<(*(Node_st**)st)->m_iNo<<endl<<endl;
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//Typde B
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Node_st *pstTemp[2] =
{&st[0][0], &st[1][0]};
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Fun(&pstTemp[0]);
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//Right
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cout<<(pstTemp[0])->m_acData<<endl;
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cout<<(pstTemp[0])->m_iNo<<endl<<endl;
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//Error
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cout<<(st[0][0]).m_acData<<endl;
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cout<<(st[0][0]).m_iNo<<endl<<endl;
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//Right
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cout<<(*(Node_st**)st)->m_acData<<endl;
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cout<<(*(Node_st**)st)->m_iNo<<endl<<endl;
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//Typde C
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Node_st *pstTemp2[2] =
{NULL, NULL};
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Fun(&pstTemp2[0]);
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//Right
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cout<<(pstTemp2[0])->m_acData<<endl;
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cout<<(pstTemp2[0])->m_iNo<<endl<<endl;
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return 0;
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}
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最終通過上面藍色部分找到了到了答案,簡單的說就是
二維數組其實只是一個指針,而
二級指針是指向指針的指針,所以二者并不等價。
但是可以強轉
如:
1
int iaArray[2][2] =
{1, 1, 2, 4};
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int **q = (int**)iaArray;
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5
for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++ i)
6
{
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cout<<"i:"<<i<<" "<<q[i]<<endl;
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}
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和:
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int iaArrayTemp[5] =
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
2
int **p = (int**)&iaArrayTemp;
3
p++;
4
cout<<*p<<endl; 這樣就是正確的。
問題2:
下面的問題:很有意思
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#include <iostream>
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using namespace std;
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int main()
5

{
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int iaArray[5] =
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
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#if 0
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int *p = (int*)(&iaArray+1)-1;
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cout<<*p<<endl;
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int *q = (int*)(&iaArray+1);
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cout<<*(q-1)<<endl;
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int **qq = (int**)(&iaArray+1);
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cout<<*(qq-1)<<endl;
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#else
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int iaAry[2][2] =
{1, 2, 3, 4};
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int *p = (int*)(&iaAry+1)-1;
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cout<<*p<<endl;
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int *q = (int*)(&iaAry+1);
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cout<<*(q-1)<<endl;
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int **qq = (int**)(&iaAry+1);
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cout<<*(qq-1)<<endl;
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#endif
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return 0;
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} 上面的結果都是5,下面的結果都是4
主要說明的是:
不管是二維數組,還是一維數組
數組的首地址取地址+1,增加整個數組的長度;
如上面的例子:
3:注意函數傳遞,指針,引用
在指針引用&*,**的時候是改變的指針,這個一般主要是里面涉及到內存分配,
或者獲取的是靜態區域,或者是全局的區域,傳遞的時候一般都是傳,空指針。
傳遞*,&,是改變的數組的值。一般都是傳遞的是非空的,一般要再函數中增加
assert(NULL != p);
4.const ,Enum,static const ...待續
快0:00,笑一笑,睡覺了