關于組合模式,JS的DOM、文件系統的目錄系統、mp4的一些demux實現都用到了這個模式。
不過我覺得用的比較好的是cocos2d-x引擎,它里面有很多的CCNode就是組合模式的實際實現.由于CCNode的頭文件比較長,就不在這里粘貼了。
關于Cocos2d-x的組合模式原文見這里:
http://zilongshanren.com/blog/2012/11/05/cocos2d-x-design-patterns-7-composite/一棵樹一般只包含一個根,若干樹干和大量的葉子。同時,樹干長在樹根上,樹葉長在樹干上。(PS:這有點廢話了,不過讀者莫急,耐著性著往下看。)對應于Cocos2d-x里面,就是一個游戲有一個主場景GameScene,它是樹根,然后它有若干個樹干(GameLayer、HudLayer、InputLayer、BackgroundLayer和LevelLayer等),最后,每一個樹干又包含若干個樹葉(比如sprite、particles、font、TiledMap nodes、etc)
UML圖:
代碼我不自己寫了,見多了但是發現這個模式除了在框架程序里面用之外不太在別的地方使用,所以自己也不去單獨實現了,下面的代碼原文摘自:http://www.cnblogs.com/tiandsp/archive/2012/06/26/2563575.html源碼:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class Composite
{
public:
Composite():_name(""){}
Composite(string name):_name(name){}
virtual ~Composite(){}
virtual void operation()=0;
virtual void add(Composite*){}
virtual void del(Composite*){}
virtual Composite* find(int index){return NULL;}
protected:
string _name;
};
class Leaf : public Composite
{
public:
Leaf(){}
Leaf(string name){_name=name;}
virtual ~Leaf(){}
void operation(){cout<<_name<<endl;}
};
class subComposite : public Composite
{
public:
subComposite():level(0){}
subComposite(string name):level(0){_name=name;}
virtual ~subComposite(){}
void add(Composite*);
void del(Composite*);
Composite* find(int index);
void operation();
private:
vector<Composite*> v_pcom;
int level;
};
void subComposite::add(Composite* com)
{
level++;
v_pcom.push_back(com);
}
void subComposite::del(Composite* com)
{
v_pcom.pop_back();
}
Composite* subComposite::find(int index)
{
return v_pcom[index];
}
void subComposite::operation()
{
for(int i=0;i<level;i++)
cout<<"+";
cout<<_name<<endl;
vector<Composite*>::iterator it;
for (it=v_pcom.begin();it!=v_pcom.end();it++)
{
(*it)->operation();
}
}
int main()
{
Composite* psubcom = new subComposite("動物");
Composite* psubcom1 = new subComposite("非哺乳動物");
Composite* pleaf1 = new Leaf("鳥");
Composite* pleaf2 = new Leaf("魚");
Composite* psubcom2 = new subComposite("哺乳動物");
Composite* pleaf3 = new Leaf("人");
psubcom1->add(pleaf1);
psubcom1->add(pleaf2);
psubcom2->add(pleaf3);
psubcom->add(psubcom1);
psubcom->add(psubcom2);
psubcom->operation();
delete pleaf1;
delete pleaf2;
delete pleaf3;
delete psubcom1;
delete psubcom2;
delete psubcom;
system("pause");
return 0;
}