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騫惰鎿嶄綔鐨勭敤鎴鋒暟銆傞渶姹傛枃妗g殑涓昏閮ㄥ垎灝辮繖鏍峰畬鎴愪簡(jiǎn)銆?/p>
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涔熼犳垚浜?jiǎn)缁存姢涓婄殑鍥伴毦銆傞渶姹傜殑澶氫釜瀹炰緥閮介渶瑕佸悓鏃舵洿鏂幫紝浠ュ厤閫犳垚闇姹傚悇瀹炰緥涔嬮棿鐨勪笉涓鑷淬傚湪杞歡闇姹傝鏍艱鏄庝腑浜ゅ弶寮曠敤鐩稿叧鐨勫悇欏癸紝鍦ㄨ繘琛屾洿鏀規(guī)椂鏈夊姪浜庝繚鎸佸畠浠箣闂寸殑鍚屾銆傝鐙珛鎬у己鐨勯渶姹傚湪闇姹傜鐞嗗伐鍏鋒垨鏁版嵁搴撲腑鍙嚭鐜頒竴嬈★紝榪欐牱鍙互緙撳拰鍐椾綑闂銆?br>
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棣栧厛錛屽簲閲嶈闇姹傚垎鏋愮殑鐩殑錛堟剰涔夛級(jí)錛岀紪鍐欑洰鐨勬槑紜紝鍐欑殑璇︾粏錛岃兘紜繚鏂囨。鐨勮川閲忔湁鎵鎻愰珮銆?br>涓嬮潰鏄竴孌甸渶姹傚垎鏋愭剰涔夌殑鑼冧緥錛屽笇鏈涘澶у鏈夋墍甯姪銆?br>1.6榪涜闇姹傚垎鏋愮殑鎰忎箟
1. 鏈鏄庝功灝嗗鐢ㄦ埛鐢熶駭淇℃伅綆$悊鐨勪笟鍔°佸緋葷粺瑕佸疄鐜扮殑涓昏鍔熻兘銆佹ц兘絳夐渶姹傝繘琛屽叏闈㈠湴闃愯堪錛屼互渚垮府鍔╃敤鎴峰垽鏂墍瑕佸紑鍙戠殑杞歡鏄惁絎﹀悎浠栦滑鐨勮姹傘傝璇存槑涔﹀皢鍦ㄨ蔣浠跺紑鍙戠洰鏍囧拰闇姹傛柟闈負(fù)鐢ㄦ埛鍜屽紑鍙戣呬箣闂村垱寤轟竴涓叡鍚岀殑鍩虹鍜屽叡璇嗐?br>2. 鐢?
浜庨渶姹傝鏄庝功瑕佹湁鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫鏍搞佷慨鏀瑰畬鍠勩佽瀹氱殑榪囩▼錛屽湪榪欎釜榪囩▼涓彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄨ蔣浠惰璁′箣鍓嶅箍娉涘湴寰佹眰鍚勪笟鍔¢儴闂ㄧ殑鎰忚銆佹彁鍑烘湁鍏崇郴緇熷緩璁劇殑寤鴻銆佸鑷繁
鐨勯渶姹傚拰瑕佹眰榪涜鍛ㄥ瘑鍦版濊冿紝騫惰鎶婅繖浜涙剰瑙佸拰寤鴻鍙嶆槧鍒扮敤鎴烽渶姹傝鏄庝功涓傝繖鏍峰氨鑳藉噺灝戜簨鍚庨噸鏂拌璁°侀噸鏂扮紪鐮佸拰閲嶆柊嫻嬭瘯鐨勮繑宸ヨ涓恒?br>3. 鐢ㄦ埛闇姹傜殑璋冩煡鍒嗘瀽榪囩▼涔熸槸鐢ㄦ埛瀵硅嚜宸辯殑涓氬姟鍜岀鐞嗚繘琛屾葷粨鍜岃鑼冪殑榪囩▼錛岄氳繃鐢ㄦ埛闇姹傝鏄庝功鎶婄敤鎴鋒洿鍔犺鑼冪殑綆$悊鍙嶆槧鍒頒簡(jiǎn)杞歡寮鍙戜腑錛屼粠鑰屼嬌鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭鐞嗘洿鍔犲畬鍠勫拰瑙勮寖銆?br>4. 闇姹傝鏄庝功鏄紑鍙戣呰繘琛岃蔣浠惰璁$殑渚濇嵁錛岃蔣浠惰璁¤渚濇嵁鏈鏄庝功灝嗚繘琛岀郴緇熷垎鏋愩佹暟鎹簱璁捐銆佹ā鍧楄璁°佹帴鍙h璁°佽緭鍏ヨ緭鍑烘牸寮忚璁$瓑銆?br>5. 闇姹傝鏄庝功浣垮紑鍙戣呭湪杞歡榪涜璁捐鍜屽紑鍙戜箣鍓嶏紝鑳藉鍏呭垎浜?jiǎn)瑙e拰鐔熸?zhèn)夌敤鎴風(fēng)殑瑕佹眰錛屽茍鍒ゆ柇榪欎簺瑕佹眰鏄惁鏈変笉鑳借В鍐崇殑鎶鏈棶棰橈紝鑻ユ湁搴旀彁鍑轟竴涓敤鎴瘋鍙殑浠f浛瑙e喅鏂規(guī)銆備互鍏嶅嚭鐜拌璁″嚭鐨勪竴涓洰鏍囦笉鑳藉湪寮鍙戣繃紼嬩腑瀹炵幇鐨勯棶棰?br>6. 鍦ㄩ渶姹傝皟鏌ュ拰鍒嗘瀽鏈熼棿鍙互鎼滈泦鏈夊叧緋葷粺寮鍙戠殑鏈夊叧鍘熷鏁版嵁鍜屼唬鐮侊紝浠ヤ究鍦ㄧ郴緇熷紑鍙戜腑寤虹珛寮鍙戠幆澧冩椂搴旂敤
7. 鍦ㄨ蔣浠跺紑鍙戞柟闈負(fù)鐢ㄦ埛鍜屽紑鍙戣呮彁渚涗竴涓爣鍑嗭紝涓虹郴緇熷紑鍙戠粨鏉熻繘琛岀‘璁ゅ拰楠屾敹鎻愪緵涓涓弻鏂硅鍙殑渚濇嵁銆?br>8. 渚夸簬杞歡鐨勭淮鎶ゅ拰鎻愰珮錛屼負(fù)杞歡緇存姢鍜屼負(fù)浠婂悗瀵規(guī)墍寮鍙戠殑杞歡榪涜瀹屽杽鎵╁厖鎻愪緵榪涗竴姝ュ垎鏋愮殑鍩虹銆?br>鎬諱箣錛岀敤鎴烽渶姹傝鏄庝功鐨勭紪鍐欐槸杞歡宸ョ▼涓殑闈炲父鍏抽敭鐨勪竴涓幆鑺傦紝鐢ㄦ埛璇存槑涔︿篃鏄蔣浠跺伐紼嬩腑鐨勯潪甯擱噸瑕佺殑涓涓枃妗c備竴涓ソ鐨勭敤鎴烽渶姹傝鏄庝功涓嶄絾鑳藉鎻愰珮杞歡寮鍙戠殑鏁堢巼銆佷繚闅滆蔣浠跺紑鍙戠殑璐ㄩ噺錛岃屼笖鏈夊埄浜庣郴緇熺殑楠屾敹鍜屼互鍚庤蔣浠剁殑緇存姢鍙?qiáng)鎵╁厖銆?/font>
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鑱旀兂闆嗗洟棰嗗浜烘煶浼犲織鏇捐錛?#8220;娌¢挶璧氱殑浜嬫垜浠笉騫詫紱鏈夐挶璧氫絾鎶曚笉璧烽挶鐨勪簨涓嶅共錛涙湁閽辮禋涔熸姇寰楄搗閽變絾娌℃湁鍙潬鐨勪漢閫夛紝榪欐牱鐨勪簨涔熶笉騫層?#8221;鏌充紶蹇椾負(fù)鍐崇瓥绔嬩簡(jiǎn)涓婅堪鍑嗗垯錛屽悓鏃朵篃涓哄彲浠ヨ鎬у垎鏋愭寚鏄庝簡(jiǎn)閲嶇偣銆?br>
涓鑸湴錛岃蔣浠墮鍩熺殑鍙鎬у垎鏋愪富瑕佽冭檻鍥涗釜瑕佺礌錛氱粡嫻庛佹妧鏈佺ぞ浼?xì)鐜鍜屼汉銆傛湰鑺傚彧鏄硾娉涘湴瑙i噴榪欏洓涓绱狅紝鏃ㄥ湪寤虹珛鍏ㄥ眬鍒嗘瀽鐨勮蹇點(diǎn)?.2鑺傚皢緇撳悎妗堜緥鍥寸粫涓婅堪瑕佺礌榪涜閲嶇偣鍒嗘瀽涓庤瘎娉ㄣ?/font>
緇忔祹鍙鎬у垎鏋愪富瑕佸寘鎷細(xì)“鎴愭湰鈥斺旀敹鐩?#8221;鍒嗘瀽鍜?#8220;鐭湡鈥斺旈暱榪滃埄鐩?#8221;鍒嗘瀽銆?/font>
鎶鏈彲琛屾у垎鏋愯嚦灝戣鑰冭檻浠ヤ笅鍑犳柟闈㈠洜绱狅細(xì)
錛?錛夊湪緇欏畾鐨勬椂闂村唴鑳藉惁瀹炵幇闇姹傝鏄庝腑鐨勫姛鑳姐傚鏋滃湪欏圭洰寮鍙戣繃紼嬩腑閬囧埌闅句互鍏嬫湇鐨勬妧鏈棶棰橈紝楹葷儲(chǔ)灝卞ぇ浜?jiǎn)銆傝交鍒欐嫋寤惰繘搴︼紝閲嶅垯鏂侀」鐩?br>錛?錛夎蔣浠剁殑璐ㄩ噺濡備綍錛熸湁浜涘簲鐢ㄥ瀹炴椂鎬ц姹傚緢楂橈紝濡傛灉杞歡榪愯鎱㈠铚楃墰錛屽嵆渚垮姛鑳藉叿澶囦篃姣棤瀹炵敤浠峰箋傛湁浜涢珮椋庨櫓鐨勫簲鐢ㄥ杞歡鐨勬紜т笌綺劇‘鎬ц姹傛瀬楂橈紝濡傛灉杞歡鍑轟簡(jiǎn)宸敊鑰岄犳垚瀹㈡埛鍒╃泭鎹熷け錛岄偅涔堣蔣浠跺紑鍙戞柟鍙璧旀儴浜?jiǎn)銆?br>錛?錛?
杞歡鐨勭敓浜х巼濡備綍錛熷鏋滅敓浜х巼浣庝笅錛岃兘璧氬埌鐨勯挶灝卞皯錛屽茍涓斾細(xì)閫愭笎涓уけ绔炰簤鍔涖傚湪緇熻杞歡鎬葷殑寮鍙戞椂闂存椂錛屼笉鑳芥紡鎺夌敤浜庣淮鎶ょ殑鏃墮棿銆傝蔣浠剁淮鎶ゆ槸闈炲父鎷栧悗鑵跨殑
浜嬶紝瀹冭兘鎶婂墠鏈熸嬁鍒扮殑鍒╂鼎鎱㈡參鍦版秷鑰楀厜銆傚鏋滆蔣浠剁殑璐ㄩ噺涓嶅ソ錛屽皢浼?xì)瀵艰嚧缁存姢鐨勪唬洵h(huán)寰堥珮錛屼紒鍥鵑氳繃鍋峰伐鍑忔枡鑰屾彁楂樼敓浜х巼錛屾槸寰椾笉鍋垮け鐨勪簨銆?br>鎶鏈彲琛屾у垎鏋愬彲浠ョ畝鍗曞湴琛ㄨ堪涓猴細(xì)鍋氬緱浜?jiǎn)鍚楀Q熷仛寰楀ソ鍚楋紵鍋氬緱蹇悧錛?/font>
紺句細(xì)鐜鐨勫彲琛屾ц嚦灝戝寘鎷袱縐嶅洜绱狅細(xì)甯?jìng)鍦轰笌鏀拷{栥?br>甯?jìng)鍦哄張鍒嗕负鏈垚鐔熺殑甯?jìng)鍦恒佹垚鐔熺殑甯?jìng)鍦哄拰灏嗚娑堜骸鐨勫競(jìng)鍦恒?br>娑夎凍鏈垚鐔熺殑甯?jìng)鍦鸿鍐掑緢澶х殑椋庨櫓锛岃灏藉彲鑳藉噯纭滎C及璁℃綔鍦ㄧ殑甯?jìng)鍦烘湁澶氬ぇ锛熻嚜宸辫兘鍗犲灏戜唤棰濆Q熷闀挎椂闂磋兘瀹炵幇錛?br>
鎸よ繘鎴愮啛鐨勫競(jìng)鍦猴紝铏界劧椋庨櫓涓嶉珮錛屼絾娌規(guī)按涔熶笉澶氥傚鏋滀緵澶т簬姹傦紝鍗寵蔣浠跺紑鍙戝叕鍙稿錛岄」鐩皯錛岄偅涔堝湪绔炴爣鏃跺彲鑳戒細(xì)鍑虹幇鎭舵ф潃浠風(fēng)殑鎯呭艦銆傚浗鍐呯涓鎵瑰崠璁$畻鏈虹殑銆佸仛緋葷粺闆嗘垚鐨勫叕鍙稿彂浜?jiǎn)鑳?chǔ)錛屽埆浜虹溂綰簡(jiǎn)涔熸尋榪涙潵錛岃繖涓涓氱殑騫沖潎鍒╂鼎涔熷氨涓嬮檷浜?jiǎn)銆?br>
灝嗚娑堜骸鐨勫競(jìng)鍦哄氨鍒繘鍘諱簡(jiǎn)銆傚敖綆″緢澶氱▼搴忓憳鎬蹇礑OS鏃朵唬緙栫▼鐨勯偅縐嶆穻婕撳敖鑷達(dá)紝鍙幇鍦ㄦ病浜鴻DOS搴旂敤杞歡浜?jiǎn)銆傚鏍℃暀瀛﹀皻鍙敤鐢―OS杞歡錛屽晢涓氳蔣浠跺叕鍙稿垯涓嶅彲鍐嶅幓寮鍙慏OS杞歡銆?br>鏀跨瓥瀵硅蔣浠跺叕鍙哥殑鐢熷瓨?shù)笌鍙戝睍濯?jiǎng)鍝嶉潪甯稿ぇ銆傛暣涓?0騫翠唬錛屼腑鍥界數(shù)淇$殑鏀惰垂鐩稿綋楂橈紝浠呮涓鎷涘氨鎶婂浗鍐呬簰鑱旂綉浼佷笟鎵撳緱濂勫涓鎭傛煇浜涜蔣浠惰涓氱殑鍒╂鼎寰堥珮錛屼絾鍙兘瀛樺湪鍦版柟淇濇姢鏀跨瓥錛屼嬌绔炰簤涓嶅叕騫熾傛斂絳栦笉褰撳皢闃葷杞歡鍏徃鐨勫仴搴峰彂灞曪紝鍙渶鎬曠殑榪樻槸鏀垮簻騫查浼佷笟鐨勬褰撹涓恒備緥濡傦細(xì)
鐜板湪瀹剁數(shù)琛屼笟绔炰簤闈炲父嬋鐑堬紝鍏朵腑鏈変竴涓憲鍚嶄紒涓氱殑鎬昏鍗佸垎浜?jiǎn)寰楀Q屾妸瀵規(guī)墜鎵撳緱鑺傝妭璐ラ銆備簬鏄腑澶瀵間漢灝辨潵瑙嗗療璇ヤ紒涓氬茍浣滆璇濓細(xì)“浣犱滑鐨勪笟緇╄緣鐓岋紝寰楀埌浜?jiǎn)涓ぎ鐨勯珮搴﹂噸瑙嗗Q?#8230;…浣嗘垜浠槸紺句細(xì)涓諱箟鍥藉錛屼笉鏄祫鏈富涔夊浗瀹訛紝浣犱滑鎬誨緱緇欏厔寮熶紒涓氱殑鍚屽織浠暀鍙iキ鍚冨惂!”
鏈変竴嬈℃垜鎷滆浜?jiǎn)鍖椾含澶у涓浣嶇爺絀剁粡嫻庡鐨勬湅鍙嬨傝繖涓勾闈掍漢錛岃繕鏄釜鍏氬憳錛岀珵鐒惰繖涔堣錛?#8220;鎴戞渶榪戝湪鐮旂┒鍥藉唴鏄庢槦浼佷笟鐨勫叴琛伴棶棰橈紝鎴戝彂鐜頒簡(jiǎn)涓涓寰嬶紝鏄庢槦浼佷笟涓鏃﹁鏀垮簻棰嗗浜鴻瀵熻繃錛屽畠?yōu)蹇樹(shù)簡(jiǎn)鑷繁鏄皝锛尀兗?xì)鍋氫簺璧板悜姝諱骸鐨勮牏浜嬨?#8221;
鎴?
瀹炲湪涓嶆槑鐧戒紒涓氫腑涓轟粈涔堣繕瑕佹湁“涔﹁”鑱屼綅銆傛垜浠ヤ負(fù)“涔﹁”涔冩槸澶╀笅絎竴鍙峰彲絎戠殑瀹樿錛?#8220;涔﹁”鏈槸“縐樹(shù)功”錛坰ecretary錛夌殑鍚屼箟璇嶏紝鏄釜鍙湁鍙?
鏃犵殑琛屾斂浜哄憳鐨勭О鍛鹼紝鍦ㄤ腑鍥界珶鐒舵垚浜?jiǎn)鏈澶х殑瀹樿銆傛瘡嬈$湅鍒版柊闂昏仈鎾妸鍥藉涓誨腑閿欏彨鎴愭諱功璁版垜閮藉崄鍒嗘皵鎰わ細(xì)鍥犱負(fù)鎬諱功璁扮殑縐板枱鍙鍑犲崈涓囩殑鍏氬憳閫傜敤錛屽浗瀹剁殑鏂?
闂繪満鏋勯毦閬撲笉闈㈠悜鍗佸浜挎櫘閫氳佺櫨濮擄紵濡傛灉鎴戝皢鏉ョ殑宸ヤ綔鍗曚綅榪橀潬“涔﹁”鏉ョ浜嬶紝鎴戞瘡澶╁噯蹇欑潃鐢熸皵錛岄偅閲岃繕鏈夌簿鍔涘幓緙栫▼銆?/font>
鏈夊彞鍚嶈█錛?#8220;浜哄垎鍥涚被鈥斺斾漢鐗╋紝浜烘墠錛屼漢鎵嬶紝浜烘福銆?#8221;
濡傛灉涓涓蔣浠跺叕鍙擱噷涓婅堪鍥涚被浜洪綈鍏ㄤ簡(jiǎn)錛岄偅涔堟渶濂界殑鍒嗗伐鏄“浜虹墿”褰撻瀵鹼紝“浜烘墠”鍋氱涓綰跨殑寮鍙戜漢鍛橈紝“浜烘墜”鍋氳鏀夸漢鍛橈紝“浜烘福”璐熻矗琛岃純銆?br>
榪欓噷鍙皥鍏徃鐨勯瀵間笌寮鍙戜漢鍛?#8220;琛岃繕鏄笉琛?#8221;銆?#8220;浜虹墿”姣曠珶鏄皯鏁幫紝“浜烘墠”鍙槸嫻庢祹鐨勩備婦閲嶈嫢杞葷殑閭g被“浜烘墠”鍙互鍋氶瀵鹼紝涓捐交鑻ラ噸鐨勯偅綾諱漢鎵嶉傚悎鍋氳蔣浠跺紑鍙戜漢鍛樸傚亣濡備竴緹ゆ寔鏈夊澹佺澹拰鍗氬+鏂囧嚟鐨勬瘯涓氱敓鍒拌蔣浠跺叕鍙稿簲鑱橈紝璇ュ浣曞綍鐢ㄥ憿錛熸垜鐨勫緩璁涓嬶細(xì)
鍏堥夋嫨鏈姣曚笟鐢燂紝鍥犱負(fù)浠栦滑姝e綋闈掓槬銆佸共鍔插崄瓚熾佷笉鎽嗘灦瀛愩佷笉鑰諱笅闂佽姹備笉楂樸佸鐚敋澶氥?br>鍏舵閫夋嫨紜曞+姣曚笟鐢燂紝濡傛灉璇ョ敓娌¤薄鑼冭繘涓婦鏃墮偅涔堣侊紝騫朵笖鍦ㄨ紜曞+鏃舵病鏈夊ぉ澶╁幓閫犳枃绔犺屼涪寮冧簡(jiǎn)緙栫▼宸ヤ綔錛岄偅涔堣鏈夌粡楠岀殑瀛﹀+紼嬪簭鍛樺甫浠栦滑鐓呯粌鍑犱釜鏈堝氨鍙互鐢ㄤ簡(jiǎn)銆?br>
濡?
鏋滃澹佺澹鍏跺畠鍏徃鍙栧厜浜?jiǎn)锛岄偅鍙ソ鎹″嚑涓崥澹厖鏁般傚崥澹埌浜?jiǎn)枋Y浠跺叕鍙告湁浠涔堢敤鍛紵鎴戞兂涓嶅嚭鏈変粈涔堢敤錛屽彧鐭ラ亾浠栦滑鎸哄煎緱鍙滅殑錛氫粠紜曞+璇誨埌鍗氬+鍑哄ご錛岃繖
鍏竷騫存椂闂達(dá)紝鐪熸湰浜嬫病瀛﹀灝戯紝鍊掑浼?#8220;鐪奸珮鎵嬩綆”鐢氳嚦“寮勮櫄浣滃亣”錛涙瘯涓氭椂钃︾劧鍥為錛屽彂瑙夐潚鏄ュ凡琚櫄搴︼紝蹇?jī)鐏靛凡鍛堣佹侊紝鍞湁闀垮徆鐭槝錛屽己鎶婅嚜璐熶綔鑷俊銆傛垜
涔熷皢鍗氬+姣曚笟錛屽氨瑕佽涓轟笁鎵嬭捶璐卞崠浜?jiǎn)銆傜湡緹℃厱閭d簺姣旀垜騫磋交鐨勫澹佺澹滑錛屼粬浠彲浠ヨ繙璧伴珮椋烇紝鍞夛紒
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1 瀹㈡埛璇翠笉娓呮闇姹?/strong>
鏈変簺瀹㈡埛瀵歸渶姹傚彧鏈夋湨鑳х殑鎰熻錛屽綋鐒惰涓嶆竻妤氬叿浣撶殑闇姹傘備緥濡傚叏鍥藉悇鍦扮殑寰堝鏀垮簻鏈烘瀯鍦ㄦ悶緗戠粶寤鴻錛岃繖浜涘崟浣嶇殑棰嗗鍜屽姙鍏漢鍛樺ぇ澶氫笉娓呮璁$畻鏈虹綉緇滄湁浠涔堢敤錛屽弽鑰岃杞歡緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽浜哄憳鏇夸粬浠鎯抽渶姹傘傝繖綾誨伐紼嬬殑闇姹傛槸濡傛鐨勪富瑙傦紝浠ヨ嚧浜х敓寰堝璐薄鑵愯觸鐜拌薄銆?br>
鏈?
浜涘鎴峰績(jī)閲岄潪甯告竻妤氭兂瑕佷粈涔堬紝浣嗗嵈璇翠笉鏄庣櫧銆傝鑰呭彲鑳藉緢涓嶄互涓虹劧銆傚氨涓炬棩甯哥敓媧葷殑浜嬩緥鍚э紝姣斿璇翠拱闉嬪瓙銆傛垜浠潪甯鎬簡(jiǎn)瑙h嚜宸茬殑鑴氾紝浣嗘病娉曡娓呮鑴氱殑澶у皬鍜屽艦
鐘躲傚彧鑳芥嬁闉嬪瓙鍘昏瘯錛岃瘯絀挎椂鎰熻鍒拌垝鏈嶆墠浼?xì)涔伴瀷锛堝眳鐒朵篃鏈壖湠閫氬箍澶х殑鍞揣鍛橈紝鐪嬩竴鐪煎鎴風(fēng)殑鎵嬶紝灝辯煡閬撳簲璇ョ┛浠涔堟牱鐨勯瀷錛夈?br>
濡傛灉瀹㈡埛鏈韓灝?
鎳傝蔣浠跺紑鍙戯紝鑳芥妸闇姹傝寰楁竻娓呮妤氾紝榪欐牱鐨勯渶姹傚垎鏋愬皢浼?xì)闈炲父杞绘澗銆佹剦蹇傚鏋滃鎴峰叏涓嶆噦杞歡錛屼絾淇′換杞歡寮鍙戞柟錛岃繖浜嬩篃濂藉姙銆傚垎鏋愪漢鍛樺彲浠ュ紩瀵煎鎴鳳紝鍏堥槓
榪板父瑙勭殑闇姹傦紝鍐嶇敱瀹㈡埛鍚﹀畾涓嶉渶瑕佺殑錛屾渶緇堢‘瀹氬鎴風(fēng)湡姝g殑闇姹傘傛渶鎬曠殑灝辨槸“涓嶆噦瑁呮噦”鎴栬?#8220;鍗婃噦鍏呭唴琛?#8221;鐨勫鎴鳳紝浠栦滑浼?xì)鎻愬囖Z笉鍒囧疄闄呯殑闇姹傘傚鏋滆繖浜涘
鎴風(fēng)敋鑷寵寰楄嚜宸辨槸涓婂笣鐨勭埜鐖革紝閭d箞娌熼氬拰鍗忓晢閮戒細(xì)寰堝洶闅俱?/font>
2 闇姹傝嚜韜粡甯稿彉鍔?/strong>
鍞愬儳鏇捐錛?#8220;濡栬鏄湁浜?jiǎn)浠佹厛涔嬪績(jī)锛尀兏嶅啀鏄锛屾槸錆h濡栥?#8221;錛堛婂ぇ璇濊タ娓鎬箣澶у湥濞朵翰銆嬶級(jí)
榪炲閮戒細(xì)鍙樺績(jī)錛屽埆璇翠漢浜?jiǎn)銆傛墍浠ュ枩鏂板帉鏃т箖浜轟箣甯告儏錛屼笘鐣屼篃鍥犳鍙樺緱澶氬Э澶氬僵銆?br>杞歡鐨勯渶姹備細(xì)鍙樺寲鍚楋紵
絳旓細(xì)鎹巻鍙茶杞斤紝娌℃湁涓涓蔣浠剁殑闇姹傛敼鍔ㄥ皯浜庝笁嬈°傚敮涓鍙敼鍔ㄩ渶姹備袱嬈$殑瀹㈡埛鏄釜姝諱漢銆傝繖涓彲鎬滅殑瀹朵紮榪樻槸鍦ㄨ繍閫佺涓夋闇姹傜殑璺笂琚濺瀛愭挒姝葷殑銆俒Cline 1995]
璁╂垜浠厛鎺ュ彈“闇姹備細(xì)鍙樺姩”榪欎釜浜嬪疄鍚э紝鍏嶅緱鍦ㄩ渶姹傚彉鍔ㄦ椂鎯婃厡澶辨帾銆傛槑鐧?#8220;闇姹備細(xì)鍙樺姩”榪欎釜閬撶悊鍚庯紝鍦ㄨ繘琛岄渶姹傚垎鏋愭椂灝辮鐣欑偣紲烇細(xì)
錛?錛夊敖鍙兘鍦板垎鏋愭竻妤氬摢浜涙槸紼沖畾鐨勯渶姹傦紝鍝簺鏄槗鍙樼殑闇姹傘備互渚垮湪榪涜緋葷粺璁捐鏃訛紝灝嗚蔣浠剁殑鏍稿績(jī)寤虹瓚鍦ㄧǔ瀹氱殑闇姹備笂錛屽惁鍒欏皢浼?xì)鍚優(yōu)鑻﹀ご銆?br>錛?錛夊湪鍚堝悓涓竴瀹氳璇存竻妤?#8220;鍋氫粈涔?#8221;鍜?#8220;涓嶅仛浠涔?#8221;銆傚鏋滃悎鍚屽惈鍚硦緋婏紝鏃ュ悗鎵毊鐨勪簨鎯呭氨澶氥傝闃叉璞¢煩澶嶆笭閭f牱錛屽湪鍒漢璇蜂粬鍠濋厭鍚冮キ鏃朵粬浠涔堥兘鐐瑰ご錛堜漢瀹跺氨鏇村姞鐚鍕わ級(jí)錛屽悆瀹屼簡(jiǎn)浠栧氨瀹e竷鍒氭墠絳斿簲鐨勪簨閮戒笉綆楁暟錛屼究鎵暱鑰屽幓銆?/font>
3 鍒嗘瀽浜哄憳鎴栧鎴風(fēng)悊瑙f湁璇?/strong>
鏈変釜澶栨槦浜洪棿璋嶆綔浼忓埌鍦扮悆鍒烘帰鎯呮姤錛屽畠緇欎笂鍙稿啓浜?jiǎn)涓浠芥姤鍛婏細(xì)“涓誨鍦扮悆鐨勬槸杞︺傚畠浠枬姹芥補(bǔ)錛岄潬鍥涗釜杞瓙婊氬姩鍓嶈繘銆傚棑闂ㄦ瀬澶э紝鍦ㄥ閲屽弻鐪艱兘灝勫嚭寮哄厜銆?#8230;…鏈夎叮鐨勬槸錛岃濺閲屼綇鐫涓縐嶅彨浣?#8216;浜?#8217;鐨勫瘎鐢熻櫕錛岃繖浜涘瘎鐢熻櫕瀹屽叏鎺у埗浜?jiǎn)铻R銆?#8221;
杞?
浠剁郴緇熷垎鏋愪漢鍛樹(shù)笉鍙兘閮芥槸鍏ㄦ墠銆傚鎴瘋〃杈劇殑闇姹傦紝涓嶅悓鐨勫垎鏋愪漢鍛樺彲鑳芥湁涓嶅悓鐨勭悊瑙c傚鏋滃垎鏋愪漢鍛樼悊瑙i敊浜?jiǎn)锛屽彲鑳戒細(xì)瀵艰嚧寮鍙戜漢鍛樼櫧騫叉椿錛屽悆鍔涗笉璁ㄥソ銆傛垜璇諱腑
瀛︽椂鍊欐渶鎬曞啓浣滄枃閫冮錛屽鏋滈冮?shù)簡(jiǎn)锛屼笉绠′綔鏂囧啓寰楀闀垮Q屾繪槸闆跺垎銆傛墍浠ュ垎鏋愪漢鍛樺啓濂介渶姹傝鏄庝功鍚庯紝瑕佽瀹㈡埛鏂圭殑鍚勪釜浠h〃楠岃瘉銆傚鏋滈棶棰樺緢澶嶆潅錛屽弻鏂歸兘涓嶅お
鏄庣櫧錛屽氨鏈夊繀瑕佽寮鍙戜漢鍛樺揩閫熸瀯閫犺蔣浠剁殑鍘熷瀷錛屽弻鏂瑰啀嬈¤璇侀渶姹傝鏄庝功鏄惁姝g‘銆?br>
鐢變簬瀹㈡埛澶у涓嶆噦杞歡錛屼粬浠彲鑳借寰楄蔣浠舵槸涓囪兘鐨勶紝浼?xì)鎻愬囖Z竴浜涙棤娉曞疄鐜扮殑闇姹傘傛湁鏃跺鎴瘋繕?shù)細(xì)鎶婅蒋錃g緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽浜哄憳鐨勫緩璁垨絳斿緇欐兂姝簡(jiǎn)銆?br>
鏈変竴涓蔣浠朵漢鍛樻粩婊斾笉緇濆湴鍚戝鎴瘋瑙e湪“淇℃伅楂橀熷叕璺笂鍋氬箍鍛?#8221;鐨勭縐嶅ソ澶勶紝瀹㈡埛鍚緱媧ユ觸鏈夊懗銆傛渶鍚庯紝蹇?jī)鍔ㄧ殑瀹㈡埛瀵硅蒋錃g浜哄憳璇達(dá)細(xì)“濂藉緱寰堬紝灝辮鎴戜滑椹笂琛屽姩璧鋒潵鍚с傝鎮(zhèn)ㄥ喅瀹氬箍鍛婄墝鐨勫昂瀵稿拰鏀懼湪鍝潯楂橀熷叕璺笂錛屾垜绔嬪嵆媧句漢鍘誨仛銆?#8221;
涓轟粈涔堣蔣浠剁郴緇熷垎鏋愬憳鐨勫伐璧勮姣旀櫘閫氱▼搴忓憳楂橈紵灝辨槸鍥犱負(fù)闇姹傚垎鏋愬洶闅懼槢銆?/font>
1 姝g‘鎬т笌綺劇‘鎬?/strong>
姝g‘鎬т笌綺劇‘鎬т箣鎵浠ユ帓鍦ㄨ川閲忓洜绱犵殑絎竴浣嶏紝鏄洜涓哄鏋滆蔣浠惰繍琛屼笉姝g‘鎴栬呬笉綺劇‘錛屽氨浼?xì)缁欑敤鎴烽犳垚涓嶄究
鐢氳嚦閫犳垚鎹熷け銆傛満鍣ㄤ笉浼?xì)涓诲姩娆洪獥錆h錛岃蔣浠惰繍琛屼笉姝g‘鎴栬呬笉綺劇‘涓鑸兘鏄漢閫犳垚鐨勩傚嵆浣夸竴涓蔣浠惰兘100%
鍦版寜闇姹傝鏍兼墽琛岋紝浣嗘槸濡傛灉闇姹傚垎鏋愰敊浜?jiǎn)锛岄偅涔堝瀹㈡埊個(gè)岃█榪欎釜杞歡涔熷瓨鍦ㄩ敊璇傚嵆浣塊渶姹傚垎鏋愬畬鍏ㄧ鍚堝鎴風(fēng)殑瑕佹眰錛屼絾鏄鏋滆蔣浠舵病鏈?00%
鍦版寜闇姹傝鏍兼墽琛岋紝閭d箞榪欎釜杞歡涔熷瓨鍦ㄩ敊璇傚紑鍙戜竴涓ぇ鐨勮蔣浠墮」鐩紝紼嬪簭鍛樿涓?#8220;姝g‘”銆?#8220;綺劇‘”鍥涗釜瀛楃灝界簿鍔涖?br>涓庢紜с佺簿紜х浉鍏崇殑璐ㄩ噺鍥犵礌鏄閿欐у拰鍙潬鎬с?br>
瀹歸敊鎬ч鍏堟壙璁よ蔣浠剁郴緇熷瓨鍦ㄤ笉姝g‘涓庝笉綺劇‘鐨勫洜绱狅紝涓轟簡(jiǎn)闃叉娼滃湪鐨勪笉姝g‘涓庝笉綺劇‘鍥犵礌寮曞彂鐏鵑毦錛岀郴緇熶負(fù)姝よ璁′簡(jiǎn)瀹夊叏鎺柦銆傚湪涓浜涢珮椋庨櫓鐨勮蔣浠剁郴緇燂紝濡傝埅絀鴻埅澶┿佹鍣ㄣ侀噾铻嶇瓑緋葷粺涓紝瀹歸敊鎬ц璁¢潪甯擱噸瑕併?br>
鍙?
闈犳ф槸鎸囧湪涓瀹氱殑鐜涓嬶紝鍦ㄧ粰瀹氱殑鏃墮棿鍐咃紝緋葷粺涓嶅彂鐢熸晠闅滅殑姒傜巼銆傚彲闈犳ф湰鏉ユ槸紜歡棰嗗煙鐨勬湳璇傛瘮濡傛煇涓數(shù)瀛愯澶囷紝涓寮濮嬪伐浣滃緢姝e父錛屼絾鐢變簬宸ヤ綔涓櫒浠剁殑
鐗╃悊鎬ц川浼?xì)鍙戠敓鍙樺寲锛堝鍙戠儹锛?jí)錛屾參鎱㈠湴緋葷粺灝變細(xì)澶卞父銆傛墍浠ヤ竴涓璁″畬鍏ㄦ紜殑紜歡緋葷粺錛屽湪宸ヤ綔涓湭蹇呭氨鏄彲闈犵殑銆傝蔣浠跺湪榪愯鏃朵笉浼?xì)鍙戠敓鐗╃悊鎬ц川鐨勫彉鍖栵紝浜?
浠父浠ヤ負(fù)濡傛灉杞歡鐨勬煇涓姛鑳芥槸姝g‘鐨勶紝閭d箞瀹冧竴杈堝瓙閮芥槸姝g‘鐨勩傚彲鏄垜浠棤娉曞杞歡榪涜褰誨簳鍦版祴璇曪紝鏃犳硶鏍歸櫎杞歡涓綔鍦ㄧ殑閿欒銆傚鉤鏃惰蔣浠惰繍琛屽緱濂藉ソ鐨勶紝璇?
涓嶅噯鍝竴澶╁氨涓嶆甯鎬簡(jiǎn)錛屽“2000騫?#8221;闂銆傚洜姝ゆ妸鍙潬鎬у紩鍏ヨ蔣浠墮鍩熸槸鏈夋剰涔夌殑銆傛垜鏇句拱浜?jiǎn)涓鏈叧浜庤蔣浠跺彲闈犳х殑钁椾綔錛屾涔﹀厖婊′簡(jiǎn)鏁板鍏紡銆傛垜鍙戠幇浠ユ垜
鐩墠鐨勫鍘嗗疄鍦ㄩ毦浠ョ湅鎳備功涓婅浜?jiǎn)浜涗粈涔堛傝瀹芥仌鎴戠殑鎰氭槯錛屾垜鎶婃涔︾粰“渚?#8221;璧鋒潵錛屾病鏁㈢敤絎旂敾涓澶勮鍙楓?/font>
2 鎬ц兘涓庢晥鐜?/strong>
鐢ㄦ埛閮藉笇鏈涜蔣浠剁殑榪愯閫熷害楂樹(shù)簺錛堥珮鎬ц兘錛夛紝騫朵笖鍗犵敤璧勬簮灝戜簺錛堥珮鏁堢巼錛夈傛棫紺句細(xì)鍦頒富灝辨槸榪欎箞瀵瑰緟闀垮伐 鐨勶細(xì)騫叉椿瑕佸揩鐐癸紝鍚冨緱瑕佸皯鐐廣傜▼搴忓憳鍙互閫氳繃浼樺寲綆楁硶銆佹暟鎹粨鏋勫拰浠g爜緇勭粐鏉ユ彁楂樿蔣浠剁郴緇熺殑鎬ц兘涓庢晥鐜囥備紭鍖栫殑鍏抽敭宸ヤ綔鏄壘鍑洪檺鍒舵ц兘涓庢晥鐜囩殑“鐡墮”錛? 涓嶈鍦ㄦ棤鍏崇棝鐥掔殑鍦版柟鐬庡繖涔庛傚鏋滀綘鎯寵亴縐板崌寰楀揩錛屽厜闈犲鍔犺鏃惰兘欏跺眮鐢紱浣犲氨璇ヤ竴騫村啓瀹冨嚑鍗佺瘒鏂囩珷錛屼簤鍙栫牬鏍煎崌鏁欐巿銆?/font>
3 鏄撶敤鎬?/strong>
鏄撶敤鎬ф槸鎸囩敤鎴鋒劅瑙変嬌鐢ㄨ蔣浠剁殑闅炬槗紼嬪害銆傜敤鎴峰彲鑳芥槸鎿嶄綔杞歡鐨勬渶緇堢敤鎴鳳紝涔熷彲鑳芥槸閭d簺瑕佷嬌鐢ㄦ簮浠g爜鐨勭▼搴忓憳銆傜幇浠d漢鐨勭敓媧昏妭濂忓揩錛屽共鍟ヤ簨閮芥兂鍥句釜鏂逛究銆傛墍浠ユ妸鏄撶敤鎬т綔涓洪噸瑕佺殑璐ㄩ噺鍥犵礌鏃犲彲闈炶銆?br>
瀵?
鑷磋蔣浠舵槗鐢ㄦу樊鐨勬牴鏈師鍥犳槸寮鍙戜漢鍛樼姱浜?#8220;閿欎綅”鐨勬瘺鐥咃細(xì)浠栦互涓哄彧瑕佽嚜宸辯敤璧鋒潵鏂逛究錛岀敤鎴蜂篃涓瀹氫細(xì)婊℃剰銆備織璇濊“鐜嬪﹩鍗栫摐錛岃嚜鍗栬嚜澶?#8221;銆傚綋紼嬪簭鍛樺悜鐢ㄦ埛灞?
紺鴻蔣浠舵椂錛屽父浼?xì)寰楁剰鍦拌尲?xì)“榪欎釜杞歡闈炲父濂界敤錛屾垜鎿嶄綔緇欎綘鐪嬶紝……鏄緢濂界敤鍚э紒”杞歡鐨勬槗鐢ㄦц璁╃敤鎴鋒潵璇勪環(huán)銆傚綋鐢ㄦ埛鐪熺殑鎰熷埌杞歡寰堝ソ鐢ㄦ椂錛屼竴鑲℃俯鏆栫殑鎰?
瑙夋補(bǔ)鐒惰岀敓錛屼簬鏄氨鐢?#8220;鍙嬪ソ”鏉ヨ瘎浠鋒槗鐢ㄦс?/font>
4 鍙悊瑙fт笌綆媧佹?/strong>
鍙悊瑙fц〃杈句簡(jiǎn)浜轟滑涓縐嶈川鏈寸殑鎰挎湜錛氭垜鍖栭挶涔頒簡(jiǎn)瀹冿紝鎬誨緱璁╂垜鏄庣櫧瀹冩槸浠涔堜笢瑗褲傛垜灝忔椂鍊欑殑涓涓紮浼村湪璇諱腑瀛︽椂錛屽氨鍥犳棤娉曠悊瑙g數(shù)鑽蜂箣鍒嗘璐燂紝瑙夊緱寰堢儲(chǔ)鎭鹼紝渚挎棭鏃╁湴緙瀛﹀綋宸ヤ漢銆?br>鍙? 鐞嗚В鎬т篃鏄鐢ㄦ埛鑰岃█鐨勩傚紑鍙戜漢鍛樺彧鏈夊湪鑷繁鎬濊礬娓呮櫚鏃舵墠鍙兘鍐欏嚭璁╁埆浜鴻兘鐞嗚В鐨勭▼搴忋傜紪紼嬫椂榪樿娉ㄦ剰涓嶅彲婊ョ敤鎶宸э紝搴旇鐢ㄨ嚜鐒剁殑鏂瑰紡緙栫▼銆傛垜浠殑紜笉鐭? 閬撹嚜宸辯殑寰楁剰涔嬩婦絀剁珶鏄敠涓婃坊鑺憋紝榪樻槸鐢昏泧娣昏凍銆傚氨璞¤捀鍑轟竴絎奸澶達(dá)紝鍦ㄤ笂闈㈡彃涓鏈甸矞鑺憋紝鏈兂寮勭偣璇楁儏鐢繪剰錛屽嵈璁╀漢璇互涓洪偅鏄竴鍫嗙儹姘旇吘鑵劇殑鐗涚勃銆?/font>
綆媧佹槸涓縐嶇編錛屼笉綆℃槸鑷繁榪樻槸鐢ㄦ埛閮戒細(xì)鏈夊悓鎰熴傚湪鐢熸椿涓紝涓庣畝媧佸绔嬬殑鏄?#8220;緗楅噷緗楀棪”銆備腑鍥藉皬璇翠腑鏈“ 濠嗗﹩濡堝”鐨勭敺浜烘槸鍞愬儳銆傛湁涓欏規(guī)皯鎰忚皟鏌ワ細(xì)濡傛灉涓栦笂鍙湁鍞愬儳銆佸瓩鎮(zhèn)熺┖銆佺尓鍏垝鍜屾矙鍍ц繖鍥涚被鐢蜂漢錛屼綘瑕佸珌緇欏摢涓綾伙紵璇峰垪鍑轟紭鍏堢駭銆傝皟鏌ョ粨鏋滆〃鏄庯紝鐜頒唬濂蟲(chóng)ф 涓嶄緥澶栧湴鎶婂攼鍍ф憜鍦ㄨ佹湯銆備竴涓師濮嬬殑搴旂敤闂鍙兘寰堝鏉傦紝浣嗛珮姘村鉤鐨勪漢灝辮兘澶熸妸杞歡緋葷粺璁捐寰楀緢綆媧併傚鏋滆蔣浠剁郴緇熻噧鑲夸笉鍫紝瀹冭繜鏃╀細(xì)鍑洪棶棰樸傜畝媧佹槸浜轟滑 瀵瑰伐浣?#8220;綺劇泭姹傜簿”鐨勭粨鏋溿?/font>
搴熻瘽澶у笀鏈夊彞鍚嶈█錛?#8220;濡傛灉鎴戜護(hù)浣犺繃浜庤交鏉懼湴鏄庣櫧浜?jiǎn)锛岄偅浣犱竴瀹氭槸璇В浜?jiǎn)鎴戣鐨勮瘽銆?#8221;鎴戞渶榪戞湁涓縐嶅鎬殑浣? 浼?xì)锛?xì)濡傛灉鎶婂鏈枃绔犲啓寰楀緢綆媧侊紝璁╀漢寰堝鏄撶悊瑙o紝瀹冨線寰涓笉浜?jiǎn)锛涘彧鏈夊姞涓婁竴浜涚巹涔庣殑涓滆タ錛屾妸鏈潵綆鍗曠殑寮勬垚澶嶆潅鐨勶紝鎵嶄細(xì)澧炲姞鎶曠ǹ鐨勫懡涓巼銆備簨瀹炰笂錛屾垜鍙互 鍦?鍒嗛挓涔嬪唴璇存竻妤氫笁騫存潵璇誨崥鎵鍋氱殑宸ヤ綔錛屾牴鏈敤涓嶇潃鍐?00澶氶〉鐨勫崥澹鏂囥傛垜鏄湪涓磋繎姣曚笟鏃訛紝鎵嶅彂瑙夎嚜宸卞畬鍏ㄤ笉閫傚悎璇誨崥澹浣嶃傚皢鏉ュ伐浣滃悗錛屾垜涓瀹氳 濂藉ソ緙栫▼錛岄噸鏂板仛浜恒?/font>
5 鍙鐢ㄦт笌鍙墿鍏呮?/strong>
澶嶇敤鐨勪竴縐嶆柟寮忔槸鍘熷皝涓嶅姩鍦頒嬌鐢ㄧ幇鎴愮殑杞瀯浠訛紝鍙︿竴縐嶆柟寮忔槸瀵圭幇鎴愮殑杞瀯浠惰繘琛屽繀瑕佺殑鎵╁厖鍚庡啀浣跨敤銆傚彲澶嶇敤鎬уソ鐨勭▼搴忎竴鑸篃鍏鋒湁鑹ソ鐨勫彲鎵╁厖鎬с?/font>