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��p��发音规则

Saga — Wed, 16 Dec 2009 07:10:00 GMT

1 元音:
1) [i:] 字母�l�合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please
he she me
piece receive ceiling
2) [i] 发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
3) [] 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
4) [e] 字母�l�合 ea e a
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any
5) [ε:] 字母�l�合ir ur ear ur or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world
6) [ε] 字母�l�合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious pleasure
familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
men listen
famulus Saturday
7) [a:] 字母�l�合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8) [] 发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9) []字母�l�合 al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
10) [] 发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash
11) [u:] 字母�l�合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
shoe do two
true truth blue full
12) [u] 字母�l�合 oo ou u o
look good foot book
should could
put full bull pull push
women whose
13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
14) [ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母�l�合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
flower down now cow how town
16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17) [] 字母�l�合oy oi
boy toy joy
oil soil voice choice
18) [iε] 字母�l�合 eer
beer deer ear idea near here fierce
19) [] 字母�l�合ear air
pear bear chair air fair care there where
20) [uε] hour tour poor flower shower
2 �Ҏ����h��的元�?
[A] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i�Q�] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide
[aU] [R�Q�]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn
[aU] [Q]
found fond down done gown gone town ton
3辅音
1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) [b] book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母�l�合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest
of
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母�l�合ce)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [T] that this those these though
18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
nation attention station
social special
sure
19) [V] pleasure
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
4�Ҏ����h��的辅�?
[v] [w]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
[s] [W]
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z] [T]
close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [N]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing
��d��一�?
9) []字母�l�合 al or au our ar aw
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
draw saw flaw
23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母�l�合ch�Q?
catch watch match �Q�字母组合tch)
5 字母�Q�组合音节发韌����?
1�Q�a [ei] [æ] [[] [a:] [R]
late private grade bake grape nation station page
active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2�Q�e [i:] [e] [i] [[] 不发�?
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture
3�Q�i [ai] [i]
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4�Q�o [[J] [J:] [Q] [[] [R]
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest
5�Q�u [ju] [u] [Q] [[]
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest
6�Q�c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7�Q�g [g] [dV] [N]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening
8) l [l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [N]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r [r] [[](���语发音)
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11�Q�y [j] [i] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
12�Q�ar [a:] [[] [R:]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[]
cease season breathe feature meat please
bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize
14) ear [[:] [i[]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear
15) er [[:] [[] [i[]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce
16�Q?ere [i[] [Z[]
here mere fere sere
there
17) ir [[:] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
18) oo [u:] [u] [Q] [R:]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
door floor
19) or [ R:] [[:] [[]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor [ R:] [J[]
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our [J[] [R:]
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou [au] [Q] [[]
house mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [[J] [au]
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow
24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose
mouse house
25) th [W] [T]
thank think thought cloth
clothes that this then than
26) sion [F[n] [V[n]
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常�?
station nation translation attention
question
6关于语音的几个概�?
Phonics 是一�U?�Ҏ��), 是教育学习者从字母排列中去��D��出单个字�?
AHD表示���语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language�Q�简�U�AHD�Q?
KK��x��是一�?注音�W�号�pȝ��),是由John Samuel Kenyon �?John Albert Knott两位���国学者共同编著的发音词典A Pronouncing Dictionary of American1956中用于标注美式发音的�W�号�pȝ��, �q�是一套最常用的也是最权威的注��x���Q�从此�h们把���语标准发音惯称为KK��x���?
DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones�~�的��p��发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来.
英式读音�Ҏ��的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语正韌���典》。它们代表了被称�?#8220;Received Pronuciation”�Q�RP�Q�（标准读音�Q�的读音�Q�这在受�q�教育的英国人尤其是南部英格��C�h中通用�?
1888�q�国际语韛_���?(International Phonetic Association) 的语�a�学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际��x���W�号 (IPA—International Phonetic Alphabet)�Q�希望以一个符号代表一韻I���q����免各��Z��用一套自��q���W�号所产生的不�ѝ�?
国内的英文字兔R��最常见的音标�ؓ英式发音的国际音�?(DJ) 和美式发音的KK��x���Q�前者乃�Ҏ��Daniel Jones�~�的��p��发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)�Q�后者则是根据John S. Kenyon & Thomas A. Knott二氏的美语发韛_���?(A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, 1956)。值得一提的是，KK��x��所使用的符号均从前面提到的国际��x���W�号 (IPA) 而来�Q�Kenyon & Knott二氏仅将其中适用于美式英语的�W�号截取出来�?
音素: 音的最���单�?��p��中有48个音�?
韌���: 由元韛_��辅音构成的发韛_���?
元音: 发音响亮,是乐�?口腔中气���不受阻��?是音节的主要�l�成部分.��p��中有20个元�? 辅音: 发音不响�?是噪�?口腔中气���受到阻��?不是韌���的重要组成部�?��p��中有28个辅�?
开韌���: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello
闭音�? 1)辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2)元音+辅音 it is of in on up out ant

Saga 2009-12-16 15:10 发表评论

Saga — Thu, 16 Jul 2009 10:11:00 GMT

�Q�period 句号
�Q�comma 逗号
�Q�colon 冒号
�Q�semicolon 分号
�Q�exclamation 惊叹�?
�Q�question mark 问号
�K�hyphen �q�字�W?
'apostrophe 省略��P��所有格�W�号
—dash 破折�?
‘ ’single quotation marks 单引�?
“ ”double quotation marks 双引�?
( )parentheses 圆括�?
[ ]square brackets �Ҏ��?
�?》French quotes 法文引号�Q�书名号
...ellipsis 省略�?
¨tandem colon 双点�?
"ditto 同上
‖parallel 双线�?
�Q�virgule 斜线�?
�Q�ampersand = and
～swung dash 代字�?
§section; division 分节�?
→arrow ��号�Q�参见号
�Q�plus 加号�Q�正�?
�Q�minus 减号�Q�负�?
±plus or minus 正负�?
×is multiplied by 乘号
÷is divided by 除号
�Q�is equal to �{�于�?
≠is not equal to 不等于号
≡is equivalent to 全等于号
≌is equal to or approximately equal to �{�于或约�{�于�?
≈is approximately equal to �U�等于号
�Q�is less than ��于�?
�Q�is more than 大于�?
≮is not less than 不小于号
≯is not more than 不大于号
≤is less than or equal to ��于或等于号
≥is more than or equal to 大于或等于号
�Q�per cent 癑ֈ��?#8230;
‰per mill 千分�?#8230;
∞infinity 无限大号
∝varies as �?#8230;成比�?
√(square) root �q�x��?
∵since; because 因�ؓ
∴hence 所�?
∷equals, as (proportion) �{�于�Q�成比例
∠angle �?
⌒semicircle 半圆
⊙circle �?
○circumference 圆周
πpi 圆周�?
△triangle 三角�?
⊥perpendicular to 垂直�?
∪union of �qӞ��合集
∩intersection of 交，通集
∫the integral of …的积�?
�?sigma) summation of ��d��
°degree �?
′minute �?
″second �U?
�Q�number …�?
℃Celsius system 摄氏�?
�Q�at 单�h

Saga 2009-07-16 18:11 发表评论

��p��中浊化、连诅R��弱化、爆破的规则

Saga — Tue, 14 Jul 2009 06:00:00 GMT

��p��中浊化、连诅R��弱化、爆破的规则是怎样的？何时弱化、何时浊化、何时连诅R��何时爆��_��

我们都有�q�这��h��丧的�l�验�Q�很�Ҏ��听懂中国��的英语，但是同样的对话一到英��h的嘴里，便觉得很难跟上，有时甚至是不知所云。这主要是因为我们说的英语通常单词之间很清晎ͼ�词与词之间有明显的pause, 但是��q��人的口语会有很多韛_��Q�这些音变��得我们很熟悉的单词的发音变得陌生�Q�难懂，�l�我们的听力造成了很大的困难�Q�因此了解�ƈ使用各音变规则会帮助我们提高听力�Q��我们的发��x��加地道�?
韛_��主要�?�q�读、失韟뀁弱化、浊化、同化、重韟뀁羃�ȝ��形式。这些�Ş式的产生可以归结��Z��个原则，�?“Economy” �?#8220;�l�济”原则或称�?#8220;省力”原则。我的语�a�学老师��_��他曾一度�ؓ选择的研�I�方向�ؓ语言学而懊悔，因�ؓ那时他认��a�学既枯燥又不实用�Q�但�q�一省力原则却化解了他所有的苦恼�Q��ƈ让他��a�学着�q��因�?“省力”�q�两个简单的字眼可以解释几乎所有的韛_��现象�Q��h是很懒的,对于最�l�常的行为——说话，当然要想许多省事的法子，于是也就产生了多�U��ؓ省力而衍变的韛_��现象。牢记省力原则，在我们读��p��的时候，让自��q��唇舌处于放松的状态，��L��的去读英语，我想发音的感觉一定会有所不同�?
�a�归正�? 以下列出�l�听力造成很大障碍的五�U�音变现象及其读韌��则，以及最后一��关于节奏的��文章，希望能有所帮助�Q?br>
一�?�q�读
�q�读有两�U�规则，分别为：
1�?以辅音结��单词+元音开头的单词�Q�要�q�读
如：I’d li(ke a)nother bow(l o)f rice.
�q�里like / laik / 以辅音结��，another 以元韛_��_��所以连�?
注意�Q?
以辅音结��?指的是音标中的最后一个音是辅韻I��而不是单词的�l�尾�Q�这如同u[ju:.]niversity前面的定冠词必须用a 一栗��?
2、以辅音�l�尾的单�?+ h开头的单词h不发韻I��与前面的辅音
what wil(l he) [wili]do?
Ha(s he) done it before?
Mus(t he) [ti] go?
Can he do it?
Should he….?
Tell him to ask her….
Lea(ve him) [vim].
For him (�q�读�q�个词，会发现和forum 很相�?
我第一�ơ知道这一�q�读规则�Ӟ��兴奋不已�Q�很�Ҏ��的听懂了许多以前觉得很难以理解的句子�Q?
�q�且按照�q�种�q�读方式发音省力、轻松了许多。再�ơ证�?#8221;Economy”�?

二�?音的同化
音的同化也是一�U�连�ȝ��现象�Q�两个词之间非常�q�x��的过渡，��D��一个音受��韛_��响而变化。主要是以下三种方式�Q?
1�?辅音[d]与[j]盔R��Ӟ��被同化�ؓ[dэ]�Q�Would you....?
2�?辅音[t]与[j]盔R��Ӟ��被同化�ؓ[t∫]�Q?Can’t you:。。。。？
3�?辅音[s]与[j]盔R��? 被同化�ؓ[∫]�Q?Miss you

三�?失音
�׃��失去爆破是失音的一�U�现象，摩擦音也会被失去�Q�所以统�U�Cؓ失音�?
注意�Q?
爆破韛_ƈ不是完全失去�Q�仍然�Ş成阻��，把气��堵在里面，但不爆破�Q�直接发出相�ȝ��辅音�?
规则�Q?
1�?辅音爆破��x��摩擦韛_��面跟的是爆破韟뀁破擦音和摩擦等�Q�前面的辅音要失�ȝ��破�?
�q�样的例子有很多很多�Q?�U�色标注的辅音不发音�Q?
Sit down: 发音再次的老师都不会发�?[t] �?
Contact lens:
Big cake
Dad told me
Huge change
Good night

四�?��化
1、[S] 后面的清辅音要浊�?
Discussion�Q?[k] ��化�?[g]
Stand�Q?[t] ��化成[d]
Expression�Q?[p]��化成[b]
2、美音中�Q�[t] 在单词的中间被浊化成[d]
如：
writer�Q?听�v来和 rider 的发韛_��乎没有区�?
letter—ladder
out of
��国人和加拿大�h发音��Z��省事�Q�习惯清��x��化，��其是[t]在单词的中间一定会��化成[d]�Q?但英国�h发音不会�q�样�Q�这也是英音和美音的一大区别�?了解�q�一��化原则�Q�会�l�听力带来一些帮助�?br>
五�?��p��
一般来��_��
实词重读�Q�如动词、名词、副词等�Q?
虚词��p��Q�如介词、代词等
��p��的规则一般是�Q�元音音节弱化成 [E] �?
比如说如下几个单词：for/to/some/does/of
查字�怼�发现�q�些词都臛_��有两�U�读韻I��如for: 重读时[fR:] , ��p��?[fE]

六�?节奏
对于��p��的节奏，我也把握不好�Q�而且�q��ؓ此郁闷不巌Ӏ�在我认为，中国��普通话�Q�一个句子的标准节奏和语调往往只有一个，我想��p��也应该是�q�样�Q�但是怎么��h��是标准语调呢�Q�特意�ؓ�q�个问题问过��p��老师�Q�不同的外国��同一个陈�q�句会有不同得语调吗�Q�她告诉我是的。不�q�在看了下面�q�段话之后，我想她可能误我了�?)
老外教你“杀手锏”�Q�注意说话的节奏
十年寒窗苦读��p��Q��ؓ谁辛苦�ؓ谁忙�Q�当然是用来和老外“�?#8221;喽。那外国人究竟如何看待中国�h说的��p��Q�他们说话有没有诀�H�呢�Q�记者请教了克里斯多�?#183;汉普��?--英国��M��h��领事馆的考官协调�Q�他也是当天演讲比赛的裁判之一�?
克里斯多佛一开口就指出了国人学��p��最大的“软档”
“中国人喜�Ƣ在单词的读音上�U�缠不休。尤其是�q�轻人，��d��望自��p��说一口标准的��式��p��Q�最好是带点�U�约口音的美式英语。于是，他们很努力地听广播、看电视�Q�刻意模仿美国�h的说话腔调�?
�l�过长时间的��练�Q�有些�h的发音甚��x��土生土长的美国�h�q�地道。但是，我就��蒙着眼睛�Q�也能轻易分辨出说话的是中国人，�q�是��国人。因��Z��国�h说英语没有节奏�?#8221;
克里斯多佛所说的节奏�q�不仅指说话的速度快慢�Q�还包含了许多��^时不被重视的��环节，比如语调的升降、词语的重音、句子在何处停顿。中学的中文语文书中倒是有过断句�l�习�Q�可几乎所有的��p��教科书里都没有类似的章节�Q�也鲜有老师会教学生�q�一套。所以，大多��Z��知道�Q�英语句子也有自己拆分的规则。发�a�者要么按照中文的思维习惯�Q�随心所�Ʋ把句子“大卸八块”�Q�要么练习肺�z�量�Q�一句话从头�q�到��不喘气。于是，中国人听��h��清清楚楚的句子，到外国�h��x��里就变成�?#8220;不知所�?#8221;�?
要改变这个习惯也不难。克里斯多佛认�ؓ�Q�只要连�l�练习几个月�Q�一个英语水�q�x��通的��Z��能说出漂亮的��p��Q�甚臌��?#8220;以假��q��”的程度，和讲母语不分上下�?
他的�l�习�Ҏ��很简�?--找一盒老外�ȝ��标准��带�Q�在录音机里不停��地播放。然后你看着文字�E�，亦步亦趋地跟着他的节奏诅R��这时候，充分调动你的��x��Q�适应外国人的语音语调�Q�还要像个回声筒似地反映出来。久而久之，当你习惯了老外的节奏，只要具备5000个基本单词，��p��应付一般的对话

Saga 2009-07-14 14:00 发表评论

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Saga — Sat, 11 Jul 2009 14:51:00 GMT

摘要: 1. I see�Q?我明白了�?. I quit! 我不�q�了!3. Let go! 放手!4. Me too�Q?我也是�?. My god! 天哪!6. No way! 不行!7. Come on�Q?来吧(赶快)8. Hold on�Q?�{�一�{��?. I agree�?我同意�?0. Not bad�Q?�q�不错�?1. Not yet�Q?�q�没�?2. See you�Q?再见�?3. Shut up! ... 阅读全文

Saga 2009-07-11 22:51 发表评论