在實(shí)際的開發(fā)過程中,我們可能需要在文件生成時(shí)就立即將文件更改為指定的大小,以便于后續(xù)簡(jiǎn)化對(duì)文件的并發(fā)操作,
這一點(diǎn)在各類的下載工具中有很好的體現(xiàn)。
要滿足這一需求,通??梢允褂玫淖钪庇^的方式是:生成文件后,通過循環(huán)向文件中寫入任意數(shù)據(jù),直到文件大小達(dá)到預(yù)期的大小。
對(duì)于較小的文件,這種方法可以接受,但是如果文件大小過大,那么這種方法就顯得不夠簡(jiǎn)潔且低效。
這里介紹一種高效且簡(jiǎn)單的方法,基于函數(shù)"lseek"。
執(zhí)行"man lseek"之后,我們可以看到關(guān)于lseek特性的關(guān)鍵信息,如下:
The lseek() function shall allow the file offset to be set beyond the end of the existing data in the file.
If data is later written at this point, subsequent reads of data in the gap shall return bytes with the
value 0 until data is actually written into the gap.
The lseek() function shall not, by itself, extend the size of a file.
簡(jiǎn)單的總結(jié)就是:
1. lseek 函數(shù)本身不會(huì)擴(kuò)展文件的大小.
2. lseek 允許文件的偏移值超過文件的末端,如果下一次在這個(gè)偏移點(diǎn)寫入數(shù)據(jù),那么在偏移之前的文件末端與偏移點(diǎn)之間的數(shù)據(jù)將會(huì)自動(dòng)填充為0。
了解了上面幾點(diǎn),大家應(yīng)該想到了擴(kuò)展文件大小將是一件多么簡(jiǎn)潔高效的事情了:)
那么,簡(jiǎn)單的步驟如下
1. lseek( iFileHandle , 0 , SEEK_CUR ); //保存文件指針的當(dāng)前位置以便于在擴(kuò)展文件大小后恢復(fù)到當(dāng)前位置
2. lseek( iFileHandle , iMoveOffset , SEEK_SET );
3. write( iFileHandle , " " , WRITE_BYTE_COUNT ); //寫入一個(gè)字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù),完成對(duì)文件大小的更改
4. lseek( iFileHandle , iCurPos , SEEK_SET ); //恢復(fù)文件指針到之前保存的文件位置
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實(shí)際上,在Windows中的_lseek或者_(dá)lseeki64也可以達(dá)到相同的目的。MSDN中的描述:
You can use _lseek to reposition the pointer anywhere in a file or
beyond the end of the file.
最后,還有一個(gè)更好的方法:
int truncate(const char *path, off_t length);
If the file previously was larger than length, the extra data is discarded.
If the file was previously shorter than length, its size is increased, and the extended area appears as if it were zero-filled.
這樣一來,截?cái)嗪蛿U(kuò)展文件都可以用"truncate"來完成,這樣相對(duì)于上面的EnlargeFile就更簡(jiǎn)潔了而且基于"truncate"的形式只需要一次系統(tǒng)調(diào)用即可實(shí)現(xiàn)相同的效果,效率上也更有優(yōu)勢(shì).
但是,truncate函數(shù)在Windows中不可以使用??梢允褂?nbsp;SetEndOfFile 來代替。
Truncating or Extending Files
An application can truncate or extend a file by calling SetEndOfFile on sets the end-of-file marker to the current position of the file pointer.
Note that when a file is extended, the contents between the old and new end-of-file locations are not defined.
The SetEndOfFile function can be used to truncate or extend a file. If the file is extended, the contents of the file between the old end of the file and the new end of the file are not defined.
SetEndOfFile 可以用來擴(kuò)展文件,當(dāng)一個(gè)文件被擴(kuò)展,被擴(kuò)展部分,是未被定義的。也就是說,新擴(kuò)展出來的部分,沒有被付初值,沒有用0填充。
還需要注意一點(diǎn),
If CreateFileMapping is called to create a file mapping object for hFile, UnmapViewOfFile must be called first to unmap all views and call CloseHandle to close the file mapping object before you can call SetEndOfFile.
也就是說,在Mapping狀態(tài)的文件,是不能調(diào)用SetEndOfFile的。
MSDN鏈接:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365531(VS.85).aspx