鍙屽悜榪唬鍣ㄥ叿鏈夊墠鍚戣凱浠ｅ櫒鐨勫叏閮ㄥ姛鑳姐傚彟澶栧畠榪樺彲浠ュ埄鐢ㄨ嚜鍑忔搷浣滅operator--鍚戝悗涓嬈＄Щ鍔ㄤ竴涓綅緗傜敱list瀹瑰櫒涓繑鍥炵殑榪唬鍣ㄩ兘鏄弻鍚戠殑銆?br> 5銆侀殢鏈鴻闂凱浠ｅ櫒錛氱被浼間簬涓涓寚閽?br> 闅忔満璁塊棶榪唬鍣ㄥ叿鏈夊弻鍚戣凱浠ｅ櫒鐨勬墍鏈夊姛鑳斤紝鍐嶅姞涓婁竴涓寚閽堟墍鏈夌殑鍔熻兘錛堜竴涓寚閽堝氨鏄竴涓殢鏈鴻闂凱浠ｅ櫒錛夛紝闄や簡娌℃湁涓縐?#8220;絀猴紙null錛?#8221;榪唬鍣ㄥ拰絀烘寚閽堝搴斻傚熀鏈笂鍙互榪欐牱璇達紝涓涓殢鏈鴻闂凱浠ｅ櫒灝卞儚涓涓寚閽堥偅鏍峰彲浠ヨ繘琛屼換浣曟搷浣滐紝鍖呮嫭浣跨敤鎿嶄綔絎perator[]榪涜绱㈠紩錛屽姞鏌愪釜鏁板煎埌涓涓寚閽堝氨鍙互鍚戝墠鎴栬呭悜鍚庣Щ鍔ㄨ嫢騫蹭釜浣嶇疆錛屾垨鑰呬嬌鐢ㄦ瘮杈冭繍綆楃鍦ㄨ凱浠ｅ櫒涔嬮棿榪涜姣旇緝銆?
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// compile with: /EHsc
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
vector <int> v1;
v1.push_back( 10 );
v1.push_back( 11 );
int& i = v1.front( );
const int& ii = v1.front( );
cout << "The first integer of v1 is "<< i << endl;
i++;
cout << "The second integer of v1 is "<< ii << endl;
}
vector::back榪欎釜鍑芥暟緇欏嚭鐨勪緥紼嬪涓嬶細
// vector_back.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
vector <int> v1;
v1.push_back( 10 );
v1.push_back( 11 );
int& i = v1.back( );
const int& ii = v1.front( );
cout << "The last integer of v1 is " << i << endl;
i--;
cout << "The next-to-last integer of v1 is "<< ii << endl;
}
鍏朵腑front鍑芥暟渚嬬▼閲岄潰錛屼袱涓緭鍑簍he first integer鍜宼he second integer鎰忔濇槸i鏄痸1涓殑絎竴涓厓绱犵殑寮曠敤錛岃宨i鏄痸1涓浜屼釜鍏冪礌鐨勫紩鐢紵back鍑芥暟渚嬬▼閲岄潰錛宼he last integer鍜宼he next-to-last integer涓ゅ彞涔熸槸鍚屾牱鐨勯亾鐞嗐傚彲鏄痜ront搴旇閮芥槸v1涓涓涓厓绱犵殑寮曠敤錛屽彧鏄痠++;榪欏彞涔嬪悗錛宨i寮曠敤鐨勫厓绱犲鍔犱簡1錛屾伆濂藉拰v1涓殑絎簩涓厓绱犵殑鍊肩浉鍚岃屽凡銆?br> 涓嶇煡閬撴槸鎴戠殑鐞嗚В鏈夐棶棰橈紝榪樻槸鐪熺殑鏈夐棶棰橈紝鍚勪綅璇鋒寚鏁欍?br>
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濡傛灉p鐨勭被鍨嬩負T*錛屾垨鑰呬負D*錛屼笖T鏄疍鐨勪竴涓彲浠ヨ闂殑鍩虹被錛岀粨鏋滆窡鎴戜滑鐩存帴灝唒璧嬬粰涓涓猅*鏄竴鏍風殑銆傦紙榪欐槸鍚戜笂綾誨瀷杞崲鐨勬儏鍐碉級銆?br> dynaimic_cast鐨勪笓闀挎槸鐢ㄤ簬閭ｄ簺緙栬瘧鍣ㄦ棤娉曠‘瀹氳漿鎹㈡紜х殑鎯呭喌銆傚湪榪欑鎯呭喌涓媎ynamic_cast灝嗘煡鐪嬭p鎸囧悜鐨勫璞★紙濡傛灉鏈夌殑璇濓級錛屽鏋滆繖涓璞″睘浜庣被T錛屾垨鑰呮湁鍞竴鐨勫熀綾籘錛岄偅涔坉ynamic_cast灝辮繑鍥炴寚鍚戣瀵硅薄鐨勭被鍨嬩負T*鐨勬寚閽堛傚惁鍒欏氨榪斿洖0銆傚鏋減鐨勫間負0錛屽垯dynamic_cast<T*>(p)涔熻繑鍥?銆?br> 濡傛灉瑕佸仛鍚戜笅鐨勭被鍨嬭漿鎹紝鎴栬呭厔寮熺被涔嬮棿鍋氫氦鍙夎漿鎹紝鍒欒姹俻鏄竴涓埌澶氭佺被鍨嬬殑鎸囬拡鎴栧紩鐢ㄣ備絾鏄漿鎹㈢殑鐩爣綾誨瀷涓嶄竴瀹氭槸鏀寔澶氭佺殑銆傚洜涓哄鏋減鐨勭被鍨嬩笉鏄疶鐨勶紝閭ｄ箞榪斿洖鍊間負0錛岃繖鏍風殑璇濓紝鎴戜滑瀵筪ynamic_cast<T*>(p)鐨勮繑鍥炲煎繀欏誨仛鏄劇ず鐨勬鏌ャ傚浜庢寚閽坧錛宒ynamic_cast<T*>(p)鍙互鐪嬫垚涓涓枒闂細p鎵鎸囧悜鐨勫璞＄殑綾誨瀷鏄疶鍚楋紵
2銆佸寮曠敤鐨勫己鍒惰漿鎹?br> 鍥犱負鎴戜滑鑳藉悎娉曠殑鍋囧畾涓涓紩鐢ㄦ繪槸寮曠敤鐫鏌愪釜瀵硅薄錛屽洜姝ゅ寮曠敤r鍋歞ynamic_cast<T&>(r)涓嶆槸鎻愰棶錛岃屾槸鏂█錛?#8220;鐢眗寮曠敤鐨勫璞＄殑綾誨瀷鏄疶”銆傚浜庡紩鐢ㄧ殑dynamic_cast鐨勭粨鏋滐紝闅愬紡鐨勭敱dynamic_cast鍘誨仛媯鏌ワ紝濡傛灉瀵瑰紩鐢ㄧ殑dynamic_cast涓嶅叿鏈夋墍闇瑕佺殑綾誨瀷錛屽氨浼氳窇鍑轟竴涓猙ad_cast寮傚父銆?br> 鍦ㄥ鍔ㄦ佹寚閽堝己鍒惰漿鎹㈠拰鍔ㄦ佸紩鐢ㄥ己鍒惰漿鎹㈢粨鏋滄柟闈㈢殑宸紓錛屾墍鍙嶅簲鐨勬鏄寚閽堝拰寮曠敤涔嬮棿鐨勬牴鏈у樊寮傘?
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{
auto_ptr<Circle> p2(pc); //鐜板湪p2璐熻矗鍒犻櫎
auto_ptr<Circle> p3(p2); //鐜板湪p3璐熻矗鍒犻櫎錛屼笖p2涓嶅啀璐熻矗
Shape* ps = p3.Get(); //浠巃uto_ptr鎶藉彇鎸囬拡
auto_ptr<Shape> aps(p3); //杞Щ鎵鏈夋潈錛屽茍杞崲綾誨瀷錛岀幇鍦╝ps璐熻矗鍒犻櫎錛屼笖p3涓嶅啀璐熻矗
}
]]>
{
聽聽public:
void SetValue(int i) const {m_i=i;}
private:
mutable int m_i;
};
聽聽聽 涓婇潰鐨勪唬鐮佸湪浣跨敤鐨勬椂鍊欐槸娌℃湁闂鐨勶紝浣嗘槸濡傛灉int m_i鐨勫畾涔夊幓鎺塵utable錛屽垯浼氬嚭鐜?鈥渆rror C2166: l 鍊兼寚瀹氬父鏁板璞♀濊繖鏍風殑閿欒鎻愮ず銆?br />聽聽聽 鍙兘鏈夋湅鍙嬭錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃const_cast聽涔嬬被鐨勮漿鎹㈠疄鐜幫紝浣嗘槸榪欎釜榪愮畻絎﹀茍涓嶆槸鎬昏兘姝ｇ‘鐨勮漿鎹㈢殑銆?img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/rosinahua/aggbug/18628.html" width = "1" height = "1" />
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聽聽聽class String {/*..............*/};
聽聽聽String operator+ (const String&,const String);
聽聽聽String operator+ (const String&,const char*);
聽聽聽void fill(char);
聽聽聽//....
}
namespace My_lib
{
聽聽聽using namespace His_String;
聽聽聽void My_fat(String&);
}
聽聽聽 鏈変簡榪欎簺錛屾垜浠氨鍙互鍦∕y_lib鐨勫熀紜涓婂啓紼嬪簭浜?br />void f()
{
聽聽聽My_lib::String s="test";聽 //鍙互錛屾壘鍒癕y_lib::His_string::String
}
濡傛灉鏄劇ず闄愬畾鐨勫悕瀛楋紙My_lib::String錛夊湪鎵璇寸殑鍚嶅瓧絀洪棿閲屾病鏈夊０鏄庯紝緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ氨浼氬幓鏌ョ湅浣跨敤鎸囦護璇村埌鐨勫悕瀛楃┖闂淬?br />void My_lib::fill(char c)聽 //閿欒錛屽湪My_lib閲岄潰娌℃湁澹版槑fill
{
聽聽聽
}
鍦ㄦ垜浠渶瑕佸畾涔変粈涔堜笢瑗跨殑鏃跺欙紝闇瑕佺煡閬撲竴涓疄浣撴墍鍦ㄧ殑鐪熷疄鐨勫悕瀛楃┖闂淬?/font>
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榪欐牱鐢ˋTT鏉ヨ闂繖涓悕瀛楃┖闂翠腑鐨勫嚱鏁扮殑鏃跺欏氨姣旇緝鏂逛究浜嗐?br />聽聽聽 鍚嶅瓧絀洪棿鍒悕榪樻湁涓涓瘮杈冨ソ鐨勭敤澶勬槸錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ埛鍙互寮曠敤鈥滄煇涓涓増鏈殑搴撯濓紝渚嬪錛歯amespace Lib=Foundation_Library_V2r11;榪欐牱灝嗕嬌鐢ㄤ竴涓増鏈殑搴撲唬鏇垮彟涓涓増鏈潪甯哥畝鍖栵紝閫氳繃浣跨敤Lib鑰屼笉鏄疐oundation_Library_V2r11錛屽綋浣犻渶瑕佹洿鏂板埌鐗堟湰"V3r11"鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鍙渶瑕佷慨鏀筁ib鐨勫垵濮嬪寲騫墮噸鏂扮紪璇戙?br />
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double& d=1;聽 //閿欒錛屽垵濮嬪紡蹇呴』寮忓乏鍊?br />const double& cd=1;聽 //ok
瀵瑰悗涓涓垵濮嬪寲鐨勮В閲婃槸錛?br />double temp=double(1);聽聽 // 棣栧厛寤虹珛涓涓叿鏈夋紜暟鎹被鍨嬬殑涓存椂鍙橀噺
const double& cd=temp;聽 //鑰屽悗鐢ㄨ繖涓復鏃跺彉閲忎綔涓篶d鐨勫垵濮嬪紡
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