鐗涙觸瀛楀吀涓"kernel"涓璇嶇殑瀹氫箟鏄細(xì)"杈冭蔣鐨勩侀氬父鏄竴涓潥鏋滃彲椋熺敤鐨勯儴鍒嗐?褰撶劧榪樻湁絎簩縐嶅畾涔夛細(xì)"鏌愪釜涓滆タ鏍稿績鎴栬呮渶閲嶈鐨勯儴鍒嗐?瀵筁inux鏉ヨ錛屽畠鐨凨ernel鏃犵枒灞炰簬絎簩縐嶈В閲娿傝鎴戜滑鏉ョ湅鐪嬭繖涓噸瑕佺殑涓滆タ鏄浣曞伐浣滅殑錛屽厛浠庝竴鐐圭悊璁鴻璧楓?br>
騫夸箟鍦版潵璇磌ernel灝辨槸涓涓蔣浠訛紝瀹冨湪紜歡鍜岃繍琛屽湪璁＄畻鏈轟笂鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忎箣闂存彁渚涗簡涓涓眰銆備弗鏍肩偣浠庤綆楁満縐戝鐨勮搴︽潵璇達(dá)紝Linux涓殑Kernel鎸囩殑鏄疞inus Torvalds鍦?0騫翠唬鍒濇湡鍐欑殑閭ｇ偣浠ｇ爜銆?br>
鎵鏈夌殑浣犲湪Linux鍚勭増鏈腑鐪嬪埌鐨勫叾浠栦笢瑗?-Bash shell銆並DE紿楀彛綆＄悊鍣ㄣ亀eb嫻忚鍣ㄣ乆鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ乀ux Racer浠ュ強(qiáng)鎵鏈夌殑鍏朵粬錛岄兘涓嶈繃鏄繍琛屽湪Linux涓婄殑搴旂敤鑰屽凡錛岃屼笉鏄搷浣滅郴緇熻嚜韜殑涓閮ㄥ垎銆備負(fù)浜嗙粰澶у涓涓洿鍔犵洿瑙傜殑鎰熻錛屾垜鏉ヤ婦涓緥瀛愶紝姣斿RHEL5鐨勫畨瑁呭ぇ姒傝鍗犳嵁2.5GB鐨勭‖鐩樼┖闂達(dá)紙鍏蜂綋澶氬ぇ褰撶劧瑙嗕綘鐨勯夋嫨瀹夎鏉ュ畾錛夛紝鍦ㄨ繖鍏朵腑錛宬ernel浠ュ強(qiáng)瀹冪殑鍚勪釜妯″潡緇勪歡錛屽彧鏈?7MB錛屾墍鍗犳瘮渚嬬害涓?%銆?br>
鍦╧ernel鍐呴儴
閭ｄ箞kernel鍒板簳鏄浣曞伐浣滅殑鍛?濡備笅闈㈢殑鍥捐〃銆侹ernel閫氳繃璁稿鐨勮繘鍏ョ鍙ｄ篃灝辨槸鎴戜滑浠庢妧鏈搴︽墍璇寸殑緋葷粺璋冪敤錛屾潵浣垮緱榪愯鍦ㄥ畠涓婇潰鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忓彲鐢ㄣ侹ernel浣跨敤鐨勭郴緇熻皟鐢ㄦ瘮濡?璇?鍜?鍐?鏉ユ彁渚涗綘紜歡鐨勬娊璞★紙abstraction錛夈?br>
浠庣▼搴忓憳鐨勮瑙掓潵鐪嬶紝榪欎簺鐪嬭搗鏉ュ彧鏄櫘閫氱殑鍔熻兘璋冪敤錛岀劧鑰屽疄闄呬笂緋葷粺璋冪敤鍦ㄥ鐞嗗櫒鐨勬搷浣滄ā寮忎笂錛屼粠鐢ㄦ埛絀洪棿鍒癒ernel絀洪棿鏈変竴涓槑鏄劇殑鍒囨崲銆傚悓鏃訛紝緋葷粺璋冪敤鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓?Linux铏氭嫙鏈?錛屽彲浠ヨ璁や負(fù)鏄紜歡鐨勬娊璞°?br>
Kernel鎻愪緵鐨勬洿鏄庢樉鐨勬娊璞′箣涓鏄枃浠剁郴緇熴備婦渚嬫潵璇達(dá)紝榪欓噷鏈変竴孌電煭鐨勭▼搴忔槸鐢–鍐欑殑錛屽畠鎵撳紑浜嗕竴涓枃浠跺茍灝嗗唴瀹規(guī)嫹璐濆埌鏍囧噯鐨勮緭鍑猴細(xì)
#include <fcntl.h>
int main()
{
int fd, count; char buf[1000];
fd=open("mydata", O_RDONLY);
count = read(fd, buf, 1000);
write(1, buf, count);
close(fd);
}
鍦ㄨ繖閲岋紝浣犲彲浠ョ湅鍒板洓涓郴緇熻皟鐢ㄧ殑渚嬪瓙錛氭墦寮銆佽銆佸啓鍜屽叧闂備笉璋堣繖孌電▼搴忚娉曠殑緇嗚妭錛岄噸鐐規(guī)槸錛氶氳繃榪欎簺緋葷粺璋冪敤Linux Kernel鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓枃浠剁殑"閿欒"錛岃屽疄闄呬笂瀹冧笉榪囨槸涓鍫嗘暟鎹湁浜嗕釜鍚嶅瓧錛岃繖鏍蜂竴鏉ヤ綘灝變笉蹇呭幓涓庣‖浠跺簳灞傜殑鍫嗘爤銆佸垎鍖恒佸ご鍜屾寚閽堛佸垎鍖虹瓑浜ゆ秹浜嗭紝鑰屾槸鐩存帴浠ヤ緥瀛愪腑鐨勬柟寮忎笌紜歡"浜ゆ祦"錛岃繖涔熷氨鏄垜浠墍璇寸殑鎶借薄錛坅bstraction錛夛紝灝嗗簳灞傜殑涓滆タ浠ユ洿鏄撴噦鐨勬柟寮忚〃杈懼嚭鏉ャ?br>
鍙板墠騫曞悗
緋葷粺鏂囦歡鏄疜ernel鎻愪緵鐨勮緝涓烘槑鏄劇殑涓縐嶆娊璞°傝繕鏈変竴浜涚壒鎬т笉鏄繖涔堢殑鏄庢樉錛屾瘮濡傝繘紼嬭皟搴︺備換浣曚竴涓椂闂達(dá)紝閮藉彲鑳芥湁濂藉嚑涓繘紼嬫垨鑰呯▼搴忕瓑寰呯潃榪愯銆侹ernel鐨勬椂闂磋皟搴︾粰姣忎釜榪涚▼鍒嗛厤CPU鏃墮棿錛屾墍浠ュ氨涓孌墊椂闂村唴鏉ヨ錛屾垜浠細(xì)鏈夌閿欒錛氱數(shù)鑴戝悓涓鏃墮棿榪愯濂藉嚑涓▼搴忋傝繖鏄彟澶栦竴涓狢紼嬪簭錛?br>
#include <stdlib.h>
main()
{
if (fork()) {
write(1, "Parent\n", 7);
wait(0);
exit(0);
}
else {
write(1, "Child\n", 6);
exit(0);
}
}
鍦ㄨ繖涓▼搴忎腑鍒涘緩浜嗕竴涓柊榪涚▼錛岃屽師鏉ョ殑榪涚▼錛堢埗榪涚▼錛夊拰鏂拌繘紼嬶紙瀛愯繘紼嬶級閮界紪鍐欎簡鏍囧噯杈撳嚭鐒跺悗緇撴潫銆傛敞鎰忕郴緇熻皟鐢╢ork(), exit() 浠ュ強(qiáng) wait()鎵ц紼嬪簭鐨勫垱寤恒佺粨鏉熷拰鍚勮嚜鍚屾銆傝繖鏄繘紼嬬鐞嗗拰璋冨害涓渶鍏稿瀷鐨勭畝鍗曡皟鐢ㄣ?br>
Kernel榪樻湁涓涓洿鍔犱笉鏄撹鍒扮殑鍔熻兘錛岃繛紼嬪簭鍛橀兘涓嶆槗瀵熻錛岄偅灝辨槸瀛樺偍綆＄悊銆傛瘡涓▼搴忚繍琛屽緱閮藉ソ鍍忓畠鏈変釜鑷繁鐨勫湴鍧絀洪棿鏉ヨ皟鐢ㄤ竴鏍鳳紝瀹為檯涓婂畠璺熷叾浠栬繘紼嬩竴鏍峰叡浜綆楁満鐨勭墿鐞嗗瓨鍌紝濡傛灉緋葷粺榪愯鐨勫瓨鍌ㄨ繃浣庯紝瀹冪殑鍦板潃絀洪棿鐢氳嚦浼?xì)琚倎鐩樼殑浜や簰鍖烘殏鏃跺瘎鐢ㄣ傚瓨鍌ㄧ鐞嗙殑鍙﹀涓涓柟闈㈡槸闃叉涓涓繘紼嬭闂叾浠栬繘紼嬬殑鍦板潃絀洪棿--瀵逛簬澶氳繘紼嬫搷浣滅郴緇熸潵璇磋繖鏄緢蹇呰鐨勪竴涓槻鑼冩帾鏂姐?br>
Kernel鍚屾牱榪橀厤緗綉緇滈摼鎺ュ崗璁瘮濡侷P銆乀CP鍜孶DP絳夛紝瀹冧滑鍦ㄧ綉緇滀笂鎻愪緵鏈哄櫒瀵規(guī)満鍣紙machine-to-machine錛夊拰榪涚▼瀵硅繘紼嬶紙process-to-process錛夌殑閫氫俊銆傝繖閲屽張浼?xì)閫犳垚涓縐嶅亣璞★紝鍗砊CP鍦ㄤ袱涓繘紼嬩箣闂存彁渚涗簡涓涓浐瀹氳繛鎺?-灝卞ソ鍍忚繛鎺ヤ袱涓數(shù)璇濈殑閾滅嚎涓鏍鳳紝瀹為檯涓嵈騫舵病鏈夊浐瀹氱殑榪炴帴錛岀壒孌婄殑寮曠敤鍗忚姣斿FTP銆丏NS鍜孒TTP鏄氳繃鐢ㄦ埛綰х▼搴忔潵瀹炴柦鐨勶紝鑰屽茍闈濳ernel鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎銆?br>
Linux錛堝儚涔嬪墠鐨刄nix錛夊湪瀹夊叏鏂歸潰鍙ｇ寰堝ソ錛岃繖鏄洜涓篕ernel璺熻釜璁板綍浜嗘瘡涓繍琛岃繘紼嬬殑user ID鍜実roup ID錛屾瘡嬈″綋涓涓簲鐢ㄤ紒鍥捐闂祫婧愶紙姣斿鎵撳紑涓涓枃浠舵潵鍐欏叆錛夌殑鏃跺欙紝Kernel灝變細(xì)鏍稿鏂囦歡涓婄殑璁塊棶璁稿彲鐒跺悗鍋氬嚭鍏佽/紱佹鐨勫懡浠ゃ傝繖縐嶈闂帶鍒舵ā寮忔渶緇堝鏁翠釜Linux緋葷粺鐨勫畨鍏ㄤ綔鐢ㄥ緢澶с?br>
Kernel榪樻彁渚涗簡涓澶у妯″潡鐨勯泦鍚堬紝鍏跺姛鑳藉寘鎷浣曞鐞嗕笌紜歡璁懼浜ゆ祦鐨勮澶氱粏鑺傘佸浣曚粠紓佺洏璇誨彇涓涓垎鍖恒佸鏋滀粠緗戠粶鎺ュ彛鍗¤幏鍙栨暟鎹寘絳夈傛湁鏃舵垜浠О榪欎簺涓鴻澶囬┍鍔ㄣ?br>
妯″潡鍖栫殑Kernel
鐜板湪鎴戜滑闃烱ernel鏄仛浠涔堢殑宸茬粡鏈変簡涓浜涗簡瑙ｏ紝璁╂垜浠啀鏉ョ畝鍗曠湅涓嬪畠鐨勭墿鐞嗙粍鎴愩傛棭鏈熺増鏈殑Linux Kernel鏄暣浣撳紡鐨勶紝涔熷氨鏄鎵鏈夌殑閮ㄤ歡閮介潤鎬佸湴榪炴帴鎴愪竴涓紙寰堝ぇ鐨勶級鎵ц鏂囦歡銆?br>
鐩告瘮杈冭岃█錛岀幇鍦ㄧ殑Linux Kernel鏄ā鍧楀寲鐨勶細(xì)璁稿鍔熻兘鍖呭惈鍦ㄦā鍧楀唴錛岀劧鍚庡姩鎬佸湴杞藉叆kernel涓傝繖浣垮緱kernel鐨勫唴鏍稿緢灝忥紝鑰屼笖鍦ㄨ繍琛宬ernel鏃跺彲浠ヤ笉蹇卹eboot灝辮兘杞藉叆鍜屾浛浠ｆā鍧椼?br>
Kernel鐨勫唴鏍稿湪boot time鏃朵粠浣嶄簬/boot 鐩綍鐨勪竴涓枃浠跺姞杞借繘瀛樺偍涓紝閫氬父榪欎釜/boot 鐩綍浼?xì)琚彨鍋欿ERNELVERSION錛孠ERNELVERSION涓巏ernel鐗堟湰鏈夊叧銆傦紙濡傛灉浣犳兂鐭ラ亾浣犵殑kernel鐗堟湰鏄粈涔堬紝榪愯鍛戒護(hù)琛屾樉紺虹郴緇熶俊鎭?r銆傦級kernel鐨勬ā鍧椾綅浜庣洰褰?lib/modules/KERNELVERSION涔嬩笅錛屾墍鏈夌殑緇勪歡閮戒細(xì)鍦╧ernel瀹夎鏃惰鎷瘋礉銆?br>
綆＄悊妯″潡
澶ч儴鍒嗘儏鍐典笅錛孡inux綆＄悊瀹冪殑妯″潡涓嶉渶瑕佷綘鐨勫府蹇欙紝浣嗘槸濡傛灉蹇呰鐨勬椂鍊欐湁鍛戒護(hù)琛屽彲浠ユ潵鎵嬪姩媯鏌ュ拰綆＄悊妯″潡銆傛瘮濡傦紝涓轟簡鏌ユ竻妤氬綋鍓嶅埌搴曞摢涓ā鍧楀湪杞藉叆kernel銆傝繖閲屾湁涓涓緭鍑虹殑渚嬪瓙錛?br>
# lsmod
pcspkr 4224 0
hci_usb 18204 2
psmouse 38920 0
bluetooth 55908 7 rfcomm,l2cap,hci_usb
yenta_socket 27532 5
rsrc_nonstatic 14080 1 yenta_socket
isofs 36284 0
杈撳嚭鐨勫唴瀹瑰寘鎷細(xì)妯″潡鐨勫悕瀛椼佸ぇ灝忋佷嬌鐢ㄦ鏁板拰渚濊禆浜庡畠鐨勬ā鍧楀垪琛ㄣ備嬌鐢ㄦ鏁板闃叉鍗歌澆褰撳墠媧昏穬鐨勬ā鍧楅潪甯告昏銆侺inux鍙厑璁鎬嬌鐢ㄦ鏁頒負(fù)闆剁殑妯″潡琚Щ闄ゃ?br>
浣犲彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╩odprobe鏉ユ墜鍔ㄥ姞杞藉拰鍗歌澆妯″潡錛岋紙榪樻湁涓や釜鍛戒護(hù)琛屽彨鍋歩nsmod鍜宺mmod錛屼絾modprobe鏇存槗浜庝嬌鐢ㄥ洜涓哄畠鑷姩縐婚櫎浜嗘ā鍧椾緷璧栵級銆傛瘮濡俵smod鐨勮緭鍑哄湪鎴戜滑鐨勭數(shù)鑴戜笂鏄劇ず浜嗕竴涓悕鍙玦sofs鐨勫嵏杞芥ā鍧楋紝瀹冪殑浣跨敤嬈℃暟鏄浂鑰屼笖娌℃湁渚濊禆妯″潡錛岋紙isofs鏄竴涓ā鍧楋紝瀹冩敮鎸丆D涓婁嬌鐢ㄧ殑ISO緋葷粺鏂囦歡鏍煎紡錛夎繖縐嶆儏鍐典笅錛宬ernel浼?xì)鍏佽鎴戜滑鍗歌浇妯″潡锛?xì)
# modprobe -r isofs
鐜板湪錛宨sofs涓嶅啀鏄劇ず鍦↖smod鐨勮緭鍑轟腑錛宬ernel鐢辨鑺傜渷浜?6,284瀛楄妭鐨勫瓨鍌ㄣ傚鏋滀綘鏀懼叆CD騫朵笖璁╁畠鑷姩瀹夎錛宬ernel灝嗚嚜鍔ㄩ噸鏂拌澆鍏sofs妯″潡錛岃屼笖isofs鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ鏁板鍔犲埌1嬈°傚鏋滆繖鏃跺欎綘榪樿瘯鍥劇Щ闄ゆā鍧楋紝灝變笉浼?xì)鎴愬姛浜嗗洜湄?fù)瀹冩鍦ㄨ浣跨敤錛?br>
# modprobe -r isofs
FATAL: Module isofs is in use.
Lsmod鍙槸鍒楀嚭浜嗗綋鍓嶈杞藉叆鐨勬ā鍧楋紝modprobe鍒欏皢鍒楀嚭鎵鏈夊彲鐢ㄧ殑妯″潡錛屽畠瀹為檯涓婅緭鍑轟簡/lib/modules/KERNELVERSION鐩綍涓嬫墍鏈夌殑妯″潡錛屽悕鍗曚細(xì)寰堥暱錛?br>
瀹為檯涓婏紝浣跨敤modprobe鏉ユ墜鍔ㄥ姞杞戒竴涓ā鍧楀茍涓嶅父瑙侊紝浣嗙‘瀹炲彲浠ラ氳繃modprobe鍛戒護(hù)琛屾潵瀵規(guī)ā鍧楄緗弬鏁幫紝渚嬪錛?br>
# modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
鎴戜滑騫朵笉鏄湪鍒涘緩blinkenlights錛岃屾槸usbcore妯″潡鐨勫疄鍙傛暟銆?br>
閭ｄ箞濡備綍鐭ラ亾涓涓ā鍧椾細(xì)鎺ュ彈浠涔堝弬鏁板憿錛熶竴涓瘮杈冨ソ鐨勬柟娉曟槸浣跨敤modinfo鍛戒護(hù)錛屽畠鍒楀嚭浜嗗叧浜庢ā鍧楃殑縐嶇淇℃伅銆傝繖閲屾湁涓涓叧浜庢ā鍧梥nd-hda-intel鐨勪緥瀛?br>
# modinfo snd-hda-intel
filename: /lib/modules/2.6.20-16-generic/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-intel.ko
description: Intel HDA driver
license: GPL
srcversion: A3552B2DF3A932D88FFC00C
alias: pci:v000010DEd0000055Dsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias: pci:v000010DEd0000055Csv*sd*bc*sc*i*
depends: snd-pcm,snd-page-alloc,snd-hda-codec,snd
vermagic: 2.6.20-16-generic SMP mod_unload 586
parm: index:Index value for Intel HD audio interface. (int)
parm: id:ID string for Intel HD audio interface. (charp)
parm: model:Use the given board model. (charp)
parm: position_fix:Fix DMA pointer (0 = auto, 1 = none, 2 = POSBUF, 3 = FIFO size). (int)
parm: probe_mask:Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1). (int)
parm: single_cmd:Use single command to communicate with codecs (for debugging only). (bool)
parm: enable_msi:Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (int)
parm: enable:bool
瀵規(guī)垜浠潵璇存瘮杈冩湁鍏磋叮鐨勪互"parm"寮澶寸殑閭ｄ簺閮ㄥ垎錛氭樉紺轟簡妯″潡鎵鎺ュ彈鐨勫弬鏁般傝繖浜涙弿榪伴兘姣旇緝綆鏄庯紝濡傛灉鎯寵鏇村鐨勪俊鎭紝閭ｅ氨瀹夎kernel鐨勬簮浠ｇ爜錛屽湪綾諱技浜?usr/src/KERNELVERSION/Documentation鐨勭洰褰曚笅浣犱細(xì)鎵懼埌銆?br>
閲岄潰浼?xì)鏈変竴浜涙湁瓚ｇ殑涓滆タ錛屾瘮濡傛枃浠?usr/src/KERNELVERSION/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt鎻忚堪鐨勬槸琚澶欰LSA澹伴煶妯″潡鎵胯鐨勫弬鏁幫紱/usr/src/KERNELVERSION/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt榪欎釜鏂囦歡涔熷緢鏈夌敤銆?br>
鍓嶅嚑澶╁湪Ubuntu璁哄潧鏈変竴涓緥瀛愶紝璇寸殑鏄浣曞皢鍙傛暟浼犻掑埌涓涓ā鍧楋紙璇﹁https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HdaIntelSoundHowto錛夈傚疄闄呬笂闂鐨勫叧閿槸snd-hda-intel鍙傛暟鍦ㄦ紜┍鍔ㄥ０闊崇‖浠舵椂闇瑕佷竴鐐規(guī)搷浣滐紝鑰屼笖鍦╞oot time鍔犺澆鏃朵細(xì)涓銆傝В鍐蟲柟娉曠殑涓閮ㄥ垎鏄皢probe_mask=1閫夐」璧嬬粰妯″潡錛屽鏋滀綘鏄墜鍔ㄥ姞杞芥ā鍧楋紝浣犻渶瑕佽緭鍏ワ細(xì)
# modprobe snd-hda-intel probe_mask=1
鏇存湁鍙兘錛屼綘鍦ㄦ枃浠?etc/modprobe.conf涓斁緗繖鏍風(fēng)被浼肩殑涓琛岋細(xì)options snd-hda-intel probe_mask=1
榪?鍛婅瘔"modprobe姣忔鍦ㄥ姞杞絪nd-hda-intel妯″潡鏃跺寘鍚玴robe_mask=1閫夐」銆傜幇鍦ㄧ殑鏈変簺Linux鐗堟湰灝嗚繖涓淇℃伅鍒嗙榪?etc/modprobe.d涓嬬殑涓嶅悓鏂囦歡涓簡錛岃屼笉鏄斁鍏odprobe.conf涓?br>
/proc緋葷粺鏂囦歡
Linux kernel鍚屾牱閫氳繃/proc緋葷粺鏂囦歡鏉ュ睍紺轟簡璁稿緇嗚妭銆備負(fù)浜嗚鏄?proc錛屾垜浠鍏堥渶瑕佹墿灞曟垜浠浜庢枃浠剁殑鐞嗚В銆傞櫎浜嗚涓烘枃浠跺氨鏄瓨鍌ㄥ湪紜洏鎴栬匔D鎴栬呭瓨鍌ㄧ┖闂翠笂鐨勬寔涔呬俊鎭箣澶栵紝鎴戜滑榪樺簲褰撴妸瀹冪悊瑙ｄ負(fù)浠諱綍鍙互閫氳繃浼犵粺緋葷粺璋冪敤濡傦細(xì)鎵撳紑銆佽銆佸啓銆佸叧闂瓑璁塊棶鐨勪俊鎭紝褰撶劧瀹冧篃鍙互琚父瑙佺殑紼嬪簭璁塊棶銆?br>
/proc涔嬩笅鐨?鏂囦歡"瀹屽叏鏄痥ernel铏氭嫙鐨勪竴涓儴鍒嗭紝緇欐垜浠竴涓瑙掑彲浠ョ湅鍒発ernel鍐呴儴鐨勬暟鎹粨鏋勩傚疄闄呬笂錛岃澶歀inux鐨勬姤鍛婂伐鍏峰潎鑳藉寰堝ソ鍦板憟鐜板湪/proc涓嬬殑鏂囦歡涓鍒扮殑鏍煎紡鍖栫増鏈殑淇℃伅銆傛瘮濡傦紝涓鍒?proc/modules灝嗗睍紺轟竴鍒楀綋鍓嶅姞杞界殑妯″潡銆?br>
鍚屾牱鐨勶紝/proc/meminfo鎻愪緵浜嗗叧浜庤櫄鎷熷瓨鍌ㄧ郴緇熷綋鍓嶇姸鎬佺殑鏇村緇嗚妭淇℃伅錛岃岀被濡倂mstat鐨勫伐鍏峰垯鏄互涓縐嶆洿鍔犲彲鐞嗚В鐨勬柟寮忔彁渚涗簡鐩稿悓鐨勪竴浜涗俊鎭紱/proc/net/arp鏄劇ず浜嗙郴緇烝RP cache鐨勫綋鍓嶅唴瀹癸紝浠庡懡浠よ鏉ヨ錛宎rp -a鏄劇ず鐨勪篃鏄浉鍚岀殑淇℃伅銆?br>
灝ゅ叾鏈夋剰鎬濈殑鏄?proc/sys涓嬬殑"鏂囦歡"銆?proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward涓嬬殑璁劇疆鍛婅瘔鎴戜滑kernel鏄惁灝嗚漿鍙慖P鏁版嵁鍖咃紝涔熷氨鏄鏄惁鎵紨緗戝叧鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ傜幇鍦紝kernel鍛婅瘔鎴戜滑榪欐槸鍏抽棴鐨勶細(xì)
# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
0
褰撲綘鍙戠幇浣犲彲浠ュ榪欎簺鏂囦歡鍐欏叆鐨勬椂鍊欙紝浣犱細(xì)瑙夊緱鏇村姞鏈夋剰鎬濄傜戶緇婦渚嬫潵璇達(dá)細(xì)
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
灝嗗湪榪愯鐨刱ernel涓墦寮IP 杞彂錛圛P forwarding錛?br>
闄や簡浣跨敤cat鍜宔cho鏉ユ鏌ュ拰鏇存/proc/sys涓嬬殑璁劇疆浠ュ錛屼綘涔熷彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╯ysctl鍛戒護(hù)錛?br>
# sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
榪欑瓑鍚屼簬錛?br># cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
0
涔熺瓑鍚屼簬錛?br># sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
榪樼瓑鍚屼簬錛?br># echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
闇瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄紝浠ヨ繖縐嶆柟寮忎綘鎵鍋氱殑璁劇疆鏀瑰彉鍙兘褰卞搷褰撳墠榪愯鐨刱ernel鐨勶紝褰搑eboot鐨勬椂鍊欏氨涓嶅啀鏈夋晥銆傚鏋滄兂璁╄緗案涔呮湁鏁堬紝灝嗗畠浠斁緗湪/etc/sysctl.conf鏂囦歡涓傚湪boot time鏃訛紝sysctl灝嗚嚜鍔ㄩ噸鏂扮‘瀹氬畠鍦ㄦ鏂囦歡涓嬫壘鍒扮殑浠諱綍璁劇疆銆?br>
/etc/sysctl.conf涓嬬殑浠ｇ爜琛屽ぇ姒傛槸榪欐牱鐨勶細(xì)net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
鎬ц兘璋冧紭錛坧erformance tuning錛?/strong>
鏈夎繖鏍蜂竴涓娉曪細(xì)/proc/sys涓嬪彲鍐欏叆鐨勫弬鏁板瓡鑲蹭簡鏁翠釜Linux鎬ц兘璋冧紭鐨勪簹鏂囧寲銆傛垜涓漢瑙夊緱榪欑璇存硶鏈夌偣榪囧じ錛屼絾榪欓噷浼?xì)鏈夊嚑涓綘纭疄寰堟兂涓璇曠殑渚嬪瓙錛歄racle 10g鐨勫畨瑁呰鏄庯紙www.oracle.com/technology/obe/obe10gdb/install/linuxpreinst/linuxpreinst.htm錛夎姹備綘璁劇疆涓緇勫弬鏁幫紝鍖呮嫭錛歬ernel.shmmax=2147483648 榪欏皢鍏敤瀛樺偍鍣ㄧ殑澶у皬璁劇疆涓?GB銆傦紙鍏敤瀛樺偍鍣ㄦ槸澶勭悊鏈熷唴鐨勯氫俊鏈哄埗錛屽厑璁稿瓨鍌ㄥ崟鍏冨湪澶氫釜榪涚▼鐨勫湴鍧絀洪棿鍐呭悓鏃跺彲鐢級
IBM 'Redpaper'鍦↙inux鎬ц兘鍜岃皟浼樻柟闈㈢殑璇存槑錛坵ww.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/redp4285.html錛夊湪璋冩暀/proc/sys涓嬬殑鍙傛暟鏂歸潰緇欏嚭浜嗕笉灝戝緩璁紝鍖呮嫭錛歷m.swappiness=100 榪欎釜鍙傛暟鎺у埗鐫瀛樺偍欏靛浣曡浜ゆ崲鍒扮鐩樸?br>
涓浜涘弬鏁板彲浠ヨ璁劇疆浠庤屾彁楂樺畨鍏ㄦэ紝濡俷et.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1 瀹?鍛婅瘔"kernel涓嶅繀鍝嶅簲ICMP璇鋒眰錛屼粠鑰屼嬌寰椾綘鐨勭綉緇滃厤鍙楃被濡係murf鏀誨嚮涔嬬被鐨勬嫆緇濇湇鍔″櫒錛坉enial-of-service錛夊瀷鏀誨嚮銆?br>net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1 鍒欐槸"鍛婅瘔"kernel鍔犲己鍏ョ珯榪囨護(hù)錛坕ngress filtering錛夊拰鍑虹珯榪囨護(hù)錛坋gress filtering錛?br>
閭ｄ箞鏈夋病鏈変竴涓鏄庤兘娑電洊榪欐墍鏈夌殑鍙傛暟錛熷ソ鍚э紝榪欐湁涓琛屽懡浠わ細(xì)# sysctl -a 瀹冨皢灞曠ず鎵鏈夌殑鍙傛暟鍚嶅瓧鍜屽綋鍓嶅箋傚垪琛ㄥ緢闀匡紝浣嗘槸浣犳棤娉曠煡閬撹繖浜涘弬鏁版槸鍋氫粈涔堢殑銆傚彟澶栨瘮杈冩湁鐢ㄧ殑鍙傝冩槸Red Hat Enterprise Linux Reference Guide錛屽姝ゆ湁鏁寸珷鑺傜殑鎻忚堪錛屼綘鍙互浠?a >www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise涓婁笅杞姐傦紙
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