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Using memset(), memcpy(), and memmove() in C

lhking — Tue, 31 Aug 2010 03:06:00 GMT

The article is from http://www.java-samples.com/showtutorial.php?tutorialid=591

To set all the bytes in a block of memory to a particular value, use memset(). The function prototype is

void * memset(void *dest, int c, size_t count);

The argument dest points to the block of memory. c is the value to set, and count is the number of bytes, starting at dest, to be set. Note that while c is a type int, it is treated as a type char. In other words, only the low-order byte is used, and you can specify values of c only in the range 0 through 255.

Use memset() to initialize a block of memory to a specified value. Because this function can use only a type char as the initialization value, it is not useful for working with blocks of data types other than type char, except when you want to initialize to 0. In other words, it wouldn't be efficient to use memset() to initialize an array of type int to the value 99, but you could initialize all array elements to the value 0. memset() will be demonstrated in program below.

The memcpy() Function

memcpy() copies bytes of data between memory blocks, sometimes called buffers. This function doesn't care about the type of data being copied--it simply makes an exact byte-for-byte copy. The function prototype is

void *memcpy(void *dest, void *src, size_t count);

The arguments dest and src point to the destination and source memory blocks, respectively. count specifies the number of bytes to be copied. The return value is dest. If the two blocks of memory overlap, the function might not operate properly--some of the data in src might be overwritten before being copied. Use the memmove() function, discussed next, to handle overlapping memory blocks. memcpy() will be demonstrated in program below.

The memmove() Function

memmove() is very much like memcpy(), copying a specified number of bytes from one memory block to another. It's more flexible, however, because it can handle overlapping memory blocks properly. Because memmove() can do everything memcpy() can do with the added flexibility of dealing with overlapping blocks, you rarely, if ever, should have a reason to use memcpy(). The prototype is

void *memmove(void *dest, void *src, size_t count);

dest and src point to the destination and source memory blocks, and count specifies the number of bytes to be copied. The return value is dest. If the blocks overlap, this function ensures that the source data in the overlapped region is copied before being overwritten. Sample program below demonstrates memset(), memcpy(), and memmove().

A demonstration of memset(), memcpy(), and memmove().

1: /* Demonstrating memset(), memcpy(), and memmove(). */
2:
3: #include 
4: #include 
4:
5: char message1[60] = "Four score and seven years ago ...";
6: char message2[60] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
7: char temp[60];
8:
9: main()
10: {
11:    printf("\nmessage1[] before memset():\t%s", message1);
12:    memset(message1 + 5, `@', 10);
13:    printf("\nmessage1[] after memset():\t%s", message1);
14:
15:    strcpy(temp, message2);
16:    printf("\n\nOriginal message: %s", temp);
17:    memcpy(temp + 4, temp + 16, 10);
18:    printf("\nAfter memcpy() without overlap:\t%s", temp);
19:    strcpy(temp, message2);
20:    memcpy(temp + 6, temp + 4, 10);
21:    printf("\nAfter memcpy() with overlap:\t%s", temp);
22:
23:    strcpy(temp, message2);
24:    printf("\n\nOriginal message: %s", temp);
25:    memmove(temp + 4, temp + 16, 10);
26:    printf("\nAfter memmove() without overlap:\t%s", temp);
27:    strcpy(temp, message2);
28:    memmove(temp + 6, temp + 4, 10);
29:    printf("\nAfter memmove() with overlap:\t%s\n", temp);
30:
31: }
message1[] before memset():     Four score and seven years ago ...
message1[] after memset():      Four @@@@@@@@@@seven years ago ...
Original message: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
After memcpy() without overlap: abcdqrstuvwxyzopqrstuvwxyz
After memcpy() with overlap:    abcdefefefefefefqrstuvwxyz
Original message: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
After memmove() without overlap:        abcdqrstuvwxyzopqrstuvwxyz
After memmove() with overlap:   abcdefefghijklmnqrstuvwxyz

ANALYSIS: The operation of memset() is straightforward. Note how the pointer notation message1 + 5 is used to specify that memset() is to start setting characters at the sixth character in message1[] (remember, arrays are zero-based). As a result, the 6th through 15th characters in message1[] have been changed to @.

When source and destination do not overlap, memcpy() works fine. The 10 characters of temp[] starting at position 17 (the letters q through z) have been copied to positions 5 though 14, where the letters e though n were originally located. If, however, the source and destination overlap, things are different. When the function tries to copy 10 characters starting at position 4 to position 6, an overlap of 8 positions occurs. You might expect the letters e through n to be copied over the letters g through p. Instead, the letters e and f are repeated five times.

If there's no overlap, memmove() works just like memcpy(). With overlap, however, memmove() copies the original source characters to the destination.

lhking 2010-08-31 11:06 发表评论

lhking — Sat, 26 Jun 2010 01:22:00 GMT

Vc++6.0��目�q�到vs2005 应该注意的问�?br>www.firnow.com 旉�� Q?2010-06-06 作者：佚名 �~�辑�Q�壹枝雪�p?点击�Q?nbsp; 1176 [ 评论 ]
-
-
�l�合资源电子�?�C�֌� 1.如果MessageBox("aa") 报错�Q�将其要�Ҏ�� MessageBox(_TEXT("aa")).我喜�Ƣ用MessageBox来调试程序，��其是在写脚本时�Q�当你不知道�E�序有没有执行该条语句，以及执行完该条语句后某个变量的值发生了什么变化，在该条语句前后各加一个MessageBox�Q�str�Q�，一目了然了�?.

2.pow(2,10) 要改�?nbsp; pow((double)2,10)或pow(2.0,10)

说明�Q?.0中用到math.h pow()函數時，有這個原�?double pow(int _X,int _Y) 但如果用VC++ 2005的話�Q�pow()的第一個參數就不能再��用int型態�Q�只能��用float、double、long double�Q�VC++ 2005在編譯時會做type checking�Q�然後就過不了，报error C2668

3.Itoa�Ҏ��名要�Ҏ�� _Itoa_s

4.error C2440�Q?#8220;static_cast” 无法�?#8220;void (__thiscall CChatManagerDlg::* )(WPARAM,LPARAM)”转换�?#8220;LRESULT (__thiscall CWnd::* )�Q�出错处在ON_MESSAGE(WM_SETPLAY,OnSetPlay)

解答�Q�将void CVideoBaseView::OnSetPlay(WPARAM wp,LPARAM lp) �Ҏ��LRESULT CVideoBaseView::OnSetPlay(WPARAM wp,LPARAM lp){

LRESULT result = Default();

//你原来的代码

return result;}

5.找不到MFC80D.DLL

解决�Q?#8220;工程属�?#8221;->“link”->“manifesto file”->“$(IntDir)\$(TargetFileName).intermediate.manifest” �?nbsp; �Ҏ�� $(IntDir)\$(TargetFileName).manifest

文章出处�Q�飞诺网(www.firnow.com):http://dev.firnow.com/course/3_program/vc/vc_js/200879/132413.html

lhking 2010-06-26 09:22 发表评论

win32 vc ��L��x��

lhking — Thu, 24 Jun 2010 03:03:00 GMT

�Ҏ��MSDN的描�q�ͼ�采用如下的代码来实现��L��x��Q�结果发现在有的机器上能够阻止关机，在有的机器上却不能阻�?虽然能看到弹出的MessageBox�Q�但�q�来不及反应�Q�马上就��x��?�?都是WinXP SP2的机�?

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
LRESULT CPreventShutdownDlg::WindowProc(UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    if (WM_QUERYENDSESSION == message)
    {
        AfxMessageBox(_T("呵呵�Q�不许关机！"));
        return FALSE; // �Ҏ��MSDN�Q�WM_QUERYENDSESSION �q�回FALSE则取消关�?nbsp;
    }

    return CDialog::WindowProc(message, wParam, lParam);
}
LRESULT CPreventShutdownDlg::WindowProc(UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    if (WM_QUERYENDSESSION == message)
    {
        AfxMessageBox(_T("呵呵�Q�不许关机！"));
        return FALSE; // �Ҏ��MSDN�Q�WM_QUERYENDSESSION �q�回FALSE则取消关�?br>    }

return CDialog::WindowProc(message, wParam, lParam);
}

是什么原因在某些机器上无法阻止关机呢�Q?/p>

回忆��x��时经帔R��到的场景�Q?/p>

1. 如果某个�q�程失去响应�Q�关机的时候会提示"...没有响应�Q�是否结�?

2. 使用��C��本修改了文��Q�在没有保存的情况下�q�行��x��Q�普通情况会提示是否�q�行保存�?/p>

1�q�种情况不好模拟�Q�但�?是很好模拟的。于是在不能��L��x��的机器上�q�样�q�行��试�Q�发现虽然也弹出了是否保存的对话框，但是�q�是马上��关��Z��?/p>

果然�Q�和�E�序无关�Q�应该是机器讄��的问题。于是想��C��一个很��行的词�Q?快速关�?

到网上google了一下，发现快速关机是通过如下的方式实现的�Q?/p>

HKEY-CURRENT-USER\Control Panel\Desktop\AutoEndTasks ��gؓ1表示快速关�?/p>

普通情况��gؓ0或这个键��g��存在

��C��能阻止快速关机的机器上一看，果然�q�个键��gؓ1.

改�ؓ0后再�q�行�E�序�Q�就都能��L��x��了�?/p>

【结论】阻止关机需要两步才能完��的实现�Q�而不仅仅是MSDN中描�q�的2)

1) 在程序中先删除这个键�?HKEY-CURRENT-USER\Control Panel\Desktop\AutoEndTasks)

2) 处理 WM_QUERYENDSESSION 时返回FALSE

本文来自CSDN博客�Q��{载请标明出处�Q?a >http://blog.csdn.net/skyxie/archive/2009/06/09/4255767.aspx

lhking 2010-06-24 11:03 发表评论

lhking — Wed, 23 Jun 2010 15:14:00 GMT

查看未被delete掉的内存�Q�在输出�H�口中查�?br>1 #define _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC
2 #include <stdlib.h>
3 #include <crtdbg.h>
4 #include <windows.h>
5
6 int wmain(vint argc , wchar_t* args[])
7 {
8     // �q�里�q�行�E�序�Q��ƈ在下面的函数调用之前delete掉所有new的东�?/span>
9     _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks();
10     return 0;
11 }

lhking 2010-06-23 23:14 发表评论

��Z��c++�q�程注入的实�?

lhking — Wed, 23 Jun 2010 07:33:00 GMT

要实现对一个程序的�q�程注入�Q�然后对被注入的�q�程�q�行控制�Q�首先需要查扑ֈ�要注入的�q�程ID。如何获取的�q�程ID呢？windows提供了一个API只要知道了这个进�E�里面的一个窗口句柄，��可以找到找到该�q�程ID。函数�Ş式如下：DWORD GetWindowThreadProcessId(
HWND hWnd,
LPDWORD lpdwProcessId
);

那如何获取这个窗口的句柄呢？很自然我们可以想到这么一个函敎ͼ�函数形式如下�Q?/p>

HWND FindWindowEx(
    HWND hwndParent,
    HWND hwndChildAfter,
    LPCTSTR lpszClass,
    LPCTSTR lpszWindow
);

hwndParent�Q�指向一个待搜烦�H�口的父�H��?/p>

hwndChildAfter�Q�子�H�口的句柄�?/p>

lpszClass�Q�窗口的�c�d��?/p>

lpszWindow�Q�窗口的标题名�?/p>

例如�Q�本�C�Z��工程要找��C��个对话框里的�~�辑框，�q�对�q�个�~�辑框进行注入。查找过�E�如下：

    HWND hWndChild = NULL;
    while(1)
    {
        // 查找对话框窗口，且这个对话框�H�口的标题名�?#8220;TestDlg”
        HWND hDlg = FindWindowEx(0, NULL, "#32770", "TestDlg");
        if(hDlg == NULL)
        {
            printf("没有扑ֈ�该对话框�H�口!\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        else
        {
            // 查找�q�个对话框窗口中的edit控�g
            hWndChild = FindWindowEx(hDlg, NULL, "Edit",NULL);
            if(hWndChild != NULL)
            {
                break; // 扑ֈ��q�个�~�辑框，现在要对�q�个�~�辑框进行注�?
            }
        }
    }

    // �Ҏ��查找出的�H�口�Q�查询进�E?
    DWORD dwQQGameId;
    HANDLE hProcessQQGame;
    if(!GetWindowThreadProcessId(hWndChild,&dwQQGameId))
    {
        printf("Error in GetWindowThreadProcessId():%d\n",GetLastError());
        exit(1);
    }
扑ֈ��q�个�q�程后，然后��p��对这个进�E�进行注入。但是，你别忘记了，当你在其他进�E�中获取另外�q�程的窗口句柄，你是没有办法操作�q�个句柄的。�ؓ什么呢�Q�每个进�E�都被赋予它自己的虚拟地址�I�间。对�? 2位进�E�来��_��q�个地址�I�间�? G B�Q�因
�? 2位指针可以拥有从0 x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0�? x F F F F F F F F之间的�Q何一个倹{��这使得一个指针能够拥�? 294 967 296个��g��的一个��|��它覆盖了一个进�E�的4 G B虚拟�I�间的范围。对�? 4位进�E�来��_��q�个地址�I�间�? 6 E B�Q? 01 8字节�Q�，因�ؓ6 4位指针可以拥有从0 x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0�? x F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F之间的�Q何倹{��这使得一个指针可以拥�?8 446 744 073 709 551 616个��g��的一个��|��它覆盖了一个进�E�的1 6 E B虚拟�I�间的范围。这是相当大的一个范围。由于每个进�E�可以接收它自己的私有的地址�I�间�Q�因此当�q�程中的一个线�E�正在运行时�Q�该�U�程可以讉K��只属于它的进�E�的内存。属于所有其他进�E�的内存则隐藏着�Q��ƈ且不能被正在�q�行的线�E�访问。注意在Windows 2000中，属于操作�pȝ��本��n的内存也是隐藏的�Q�正在运行的�U�程无法讉K��。这意味着�U�程常常不能讉K��操作�pȝ��的数据。Windows 98中，属于操作�pȝ��的内存是不隐藏的�Q�正在运行的�U�程可以讉K��。因此，正在�q�行的线�E�常常可以访问操作系�l�的数据�Q�也可以破坏操作�pȝ��Q�从而有可能��D��操作�pȝ��崩溃�Q�。在Windows 98中，一个进�E�的�U�程不可能访问属于另一个进�E�的内存。前面说�q�，每个�q�程有它自己的私有地址�I�间。进�E�A可能有一个存攑֜�它的地址�I�间中的数据�l�构�Q�地址�? x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8�Q�而进�E�B则有一个完全不同的数据�l�构存放在它的地址�I�间中，地址�? x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8。当�q�程A中运行的�U�程讉K��地址�? x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8的内存时�Q�这些线�E�访问的是进�E�A的数据结构。当�q�程B中运行的�U�程讉K��地址�? x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8的内存时�Q�这些线�E�访问的是进�E�B的数据结构。进�E�A中运行的�U�程不能讉K��q�程B的地址�I�间中的数据�l�构�Q�反之亦然�?/p>

�q�样看来�Q�若惛_��q�个�H�口句柄�q�行操作�Q�得��x��设法使我们能够进入到原宿主进�E�中�Q�然后执行我们的操作。这个就好象一个寄生虫惌��破坏��Z��的机能，必须得进入我们的体内�Q�寄生在我们的组�l�上才能够��生作用。现在关键是如何寄生到宿��M��呢？

通常�Q��Q何进�E�都可以通过LoadLibrary动态地加蝲DLL�Q�但是我们如何强制一个外部进�E�调用该函数呢？�{�案是CreateRemoteThread�?br>让我们先来看看LoadLibrary和FreeLibrary的函数声明：

HINSTANCE LoadLibrary(
LPCTSTR lpLibFileName // address of filename of library module
);

BOOL FreeLibrary(
HMODULE hLibModule // handle to loaded library module
);

再和CreateRemoteThread的线�E�过�E�（thread procedure�Q�ThreadProc比较一下：
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc(
LPVOID lpParameter // thread data
);

你会发现所有的函数都有同样的调用约定（calling convention�Q�、都接受一�?2位的参数�q�且�q�回值类型的大小也一栗��也��是��_��我们可以把LoadLibrary/FreeLibrary的指针作为参��C��递给CrateRemoteThread�?/p>

然而，�q�有两个问题�Q�参考下面对CreateRemoteThread的说明）

1�Q?传递给ThreadProc的lpStartAddress 参数必须��E�进�E�中的线�E�过�E�的起始地址�?br> 2�Q?如果把ThreadProc的lpParameter参数当做一个普通的32位整敎ͼ�FreeLibrary把它当做HMODULE�Q�那么没有如何问题，但是如果把它当做一个指针（LoadLibrary把它当做一个char*�Q�，它就必须指向�q�程�q�程中的内存数据�?/p>

�W�一个问题其实已�l�迎刃而解了，因�ؓLoadLibrary和FreeLibrary都是存在于kernel32.dll中的函数�Q�而kernel32可以保证��M��“正常”�q�程中都存在�Q�且其加载地址都是一��L��。（参看附录A�Q�于是LoadLibrary/FreeLibrary在�Q何进�E�中的地址都是一��L��Q�这��׃��证了传递给�q�程�q�程的指针是个有效的指针�?/p>

�W�二个问题也很简单：把DLL的文件名�Q�LodLibrary的参敎ͼ�用WriteProcessMemory复制到远�E�进�E��?/p>

所以，使用CreateRemoteThread和LoadLibrary技术的步骤如下�Q?br> 1�Q?得到�q�程�q�程的HANDLE�Q��用OpenProcess�Q��?br> 2�Q?在远�E�进�E�中为DLL文�g名分配内存（VirtualAllocEx�Q��?br> 3�Q?把DLL的文件名�Q�全路径�Q�写到分配的内存中（WriteProcessMemory�Q?br> 4�Q?使用CreateRemoteThread和LoadLibrary把你的DLL映射�q�远�E�进�E��?br> 5�Q?�{�待�q�程�U�程�l�束�Q�WaitForSingleObject�Q�，即等待LoadLibrary�q�回。也��是说当我们的DllMain�Q�是以DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH为参数调用的�Q�返回时�q�程�U�程也就立即�l�束了�?br> 6�Q?取回�q�程�U�程的结束码�Q�GetExitCodeThtread�Q�，即LoadLibrary的返回值――我们DLL加蝲后的基地址�Q�HMODULE�Q��?br> 7�Q?释放�W?步分配的内存�Q�VirtualFreeEx�Q��?br> 8�Q?用CreateRemoteThread和FreeLibrary把DLL从远�E�进�E�中卸蝲。调用时传递第6步取得的HMODULE�l�FreeLibrary�Q�通过CreateRemoteThread的lpParameter参数�Q��?br> 9�Q?�{�待�U�程的结束（WaitSingleObject�Q��?/p>

主要代码如下�Q?/p>

#include
#include
#include

void main()
{
    HWND hWndChild = NULL;
    while(1)
    {
        // 查找对话框窗口，且这个对话框�H�口的标题名�?#8220;TestDlg”
        HWND hDlg = FindWindowEx(0, NULL, "#32770", "TestDlg");
        if(hDlg == NULL)
        {
            printf("没有扑ֈ�该对话框�H�口!\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        else
        {
            // 查找�q�个对话框窗口中的edit控�g
            hWndChild = FindWindowEx(hDlg, NULL, "Edit",NULL);
            if(hWndChild != NULL)
            {
                break; // 扑ֈ��q�个�~�辑框，现在要对�q�个�~�辑框进行注�?
            }
        }
    }

    HINSTANCE hDll = NULL;
    typedef void(*LP_SET_HEDIT_FUN)(HWND);
    LP_SET_HEDIT_FUN m_SethEdit = NULL;
    char DllPath[MAX_PATH] = "D:\\�q�程注入��试工程\\Bin\\automessagedll.dll";
    hDll = LoadLibrary(DllPath);
    if(hDll)
    {
        m_SethEdit = (LP_SET_HEDIT_FUN)GetProcAddress(hDll,"SethEdit");
    }
    if(m_SethEdit)
    {
        m_SethEdit(hWndChild);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("Can not load SethEdit in the dll(%d).\n",GetLastError());
    }

    if( (hProcessQQGame = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS,FALSE,dwQQGameId)) == NULL)
    {
        printf("Error in OpenProcess():%d\n",GetLastError());
        getch();
        exit(1);
    }

int cb = (1+lstrlen(DllPath))* sizeof(char);

    char* RemoteLibFile = (char*)VirtualAllocEx(hProcessQQGame,NULL,cb,MEM_COMMIT,PAGE_READWRITE);
    if(RemoteLibFile == NULL)
    {
        printf("Error in VirtualAllocEx():%d\n",GetLastError());
        getch();
        exit(1);
    }
    if( (WriteProcessMemory(hProcessQQGame,RemoteLibFile,(LPVOID)DllPath,cb,NULL)) == 0)
    {
        printf("Error in WriteProcessMemory():%d\n",GetLastError());
        getch();
        exit(1);
    }

PTHREAD_START_ROUTINE pfnStartAddr;
pfnStartAddr = (PTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("Kernel32"),"LoadLibraryA");

    HANDLE hThread = CreateRemoteThread(hProcessQQGame,NULL,0,pfnStartAddr,RemoteLibFile,0,NULL);
    if(hThread == NULL)
    {
        printf("Error in CreateRemoteThread():%d",GetLastError());
        getch();
        exit(1);
    }

WaitForSingleObject(hThread,INFINITE);

    CloseHandle(hThread);
    VirtualFreeEx(hProcessQQGame,RemoteLibFile,0,MEM_RELEASE);
    CloseHandle(hProcessQQGame);
}

本文来自CSDN博客�Q��{载请标明出处�Q?a >http://blog.csdn.net/kissyfish/archive/2008/12/07/3462055.aspx

lhking 2010-06-23 15:33 发表评论

C++ 下蝲文�g

lhking — Wed, 23 Jun 2010 07:27:00 GMT

下蝲文�g要用到操作系�l�的API函数�Q�下面是一个WINDOWS�pȝ��中的实现�Q?/p>

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "stdafx.h"
#include
#include
#include
#define MAXBLOCKSIZE 1024
#pragma comment( lib, "wininet.lib" ) ;

void download(const char *Url,const char *save_as)/*��Url指向的地址的文件下载到save_as指向的本地文�?/
{
byte Temp[MAXBLOCKSIZE];
ULONG Number = 1;

FILE *stream;
HINTERNET hSession = InternetOpen(_T("RookIE/1.0"), INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_PRECONFIG, NULL, NULL, 0);
if (hSession != NULL)
{
  HINTERNET handle2 = InternetOpenUrl(hSession,_T(Url), NULL, 0, INTERNET_FLAG_DONT_CACHE, 0);
  if (handle2 != NULL)
  {

   if( (stream = fopen( save_as, "wb" )) != NULL )
   {
    while (Number > 0)
    {
     InternetReadFile(handle2, Temp, MAXBLOCKSIZE - 1, &Number);

     fwrite(Temp, sizeof (char), Number , stream);
    }
    fclose( stream );
   }

   InternetCloseHandle(handle2);
   handle2 = NULL;
  }
  InternetCloseHandle(hSession);
  hSession = NULL;
}
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]){

download("*调用�C�Z��Q�下载百度的首页到c:\index.html文�g*/
return 0;
}

lhking 2010-06-23 15:27 发表评论

C++ dll中��用定时器

lhking — Wed, 23 Jun 2010 06:57:00 GMT

�Ҏ��一�Q?br>SetTimer(NULL, 0, 1000, (TIMERPROC)Timer2Proc);

VOID CALLBACK Timer2Proc(
       HWND hWnd, // handle of window for timer messages
       UINT uMsg, // WM_TIMER message
       UINT idEvent, // timer identifier
       DWORD dwTime // current system time
       )
{
return;
}

�Ҏ��二：
// DLL中的�U�程函数可以象这样��用Timer
UINT ThreadProc(LPVOID)
{

SetTimer(NULL, 1, 5000, NULL);
MSG msg;
// PeekMessage 强制�pȝ��U�程建立消息�?br> PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, NULL, NULL, FALSE);
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, NULL, NULL))
{
  switch (msg.message)
  {
  case WM_TIMER:
   {
    // �q�里�?�U�钟执行一��?br>   }
   break;
  }
  //TranslateMessage(&msg);
  //DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
KillTimer(NULL, 1);
return 0;
}

�Ҏ��三：
创徏一个线�E? 反复�ȝ��l�时间不��可以了? 如果定时要求不严,用Sleep��可以了
UINT TimerThread(LPVOID pama)
{
UINT oldTickCount, newTickCount;
oldTickCount = GetTickCount();
while(TRUE)
{
  while(TRUE)
  {
   newTickCount = GetTickCount();
   if(newTickCount - oldTickCount >= 100)
   {
    oldTickCount = newTickCount;
    break;
   }
  }
  TimeProc();
}
return 0;
}
大约�?00ms 调用一�ơTimeProc();

lhking 2010-06-23 14:57 发表评论

What are the differences between MFC and Win32 Application

lhking — Tue, 22 Jun 2010 03:43:00 GMT

MFC is basicly a library of OO wrapper classes that wrap the Win32 api, and provide objects for the basic window components (windows, buttons, checkboxes etc..). Essentially it is the win32 api objectified.

Also MFC provides some classes that resemble classes found in the STL. As MFC was made before STL was fully standardised.

My knowledge is incomplete. But that is the basic Idea.

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Sphet Member since: 9/16/1999 From: Vancouver, Canada

Posted - 8/8/2005 5:00:11 AM

The difference between Win32 and MFC are pretty straightforward:

The Windows API (Win32) uses a C interface to access windows functionality. It requires that you write all of your own code to manage windows and message handling. It is quite straightforward but you will need a good reference, like MSDN, and some good tutorials or samples to get started.

In contrast, MFC, which stands for Microsoft Foundation Classes, are a collection of C++ classes which encapsulate the Win32 API. MFC has some wizards which make the initial creation of a program quick and easy, but I have to admit the learning curve of MFC can sometimes be frustrating as Microsoft seems to have done everything in a way that can at times seem counter-intuitive.

Whenever I write an application I write it in MFC but I have been writing applications in MFC for a long time. If all you want is a message loop and a window handle for a game, use Win32. If you want to write a larger application like an editor, maybe MFC is the right tool.

Ideally, I would suggest skipping both Win32 and MFC and writing tools in .NET. I do not have any personal experience in it but people I work with sure can get a lot done using it. It may well be worth investigation.

Best of luck,

- S

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muimui1911 Member since: 7/25/2005 From: warwick, United Kingdom

Posted - 8/8/2005 5:06:58 AM

Quote:

Original post by Sphet

Whenever I write an application I write it in MFC but I have been writing applications in MFC for a long time. If all you want is a message loop and a window handle for a game, use Win32. If you want to write a larger application like an editor, maybe MFC is the right tool.

- S

I am planning to write an interactive 3D environment does that mean using WIN32 application is a better tool for it?

also is it possible to use openGL for oject creation and DirectXinput for the interactive control?
please give me some suggestion

millions of thanks

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Tera_Dragon Member since: 3/14/2004 From: Wrexham, United Kingdom

Warning Level: 10%

Posted - 8/8/2005 6:36:04 AM

Quote:

Original post by muimui1911
I am planning to write an interactive 3D environment does that mean using WIN32 application is a better tool for it?

For a game Win32 is usually better.
I think I have also heard that MFC doesn't work well in fullscreen.

Quote:

Original post by muimui1911
also is it possible to use openGL for oject creation and DirectXinput for the interactive control?

You can render with opengl and use directinput for input.

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Programmers Resource Central

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muimui1911 Member since: 7/25/2005 From: warwick, United Kingdom

Posted - 8/8/2005 6:53:17 AM

what about mouse movement like shooting games?

how can i do that, please give me some direction

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Tera_Dragon Member since: 3/14/2004 From: Wrexham, United Kingdom

Warning Level: 10%

Posted - 8/8/2005 7:13:56 AM

You can use directinput for mouse movement. Or you can use GetCursorPos(POINT *p);

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muimui1911 Member since: 7/25/2005 From: warwick, United Kingdom

Posted - 8/8/2005 9:37:53 AM

How do i use that? can you give me some example and much clearer direction

millions of thanks

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Tera_Dragon Member since: 3/14/2004 From: Wrexham, United Kingdom

Warning Level: 10%

Posted - 8/9/2005 4:55:30 PM

msdn
Though if you want a camera class look here and here.

lhking 2010-06-22 11:43 发表评论

c/c++中指针学习的两个�l�好例子-C/C++指针学习

lhking — Mon, 21 Jun 2010 15:02:00 GMT

对于众多人提出的c/c++中指针难学的问题做个�ȝ��Q?

　　指针学习不好关键是概念不清造成的，说的��单点��是书没有认真看�Q�指针的学习犹如人在学习饶口令不多看多学多练是不行的�Q�下面是两个很经典的例子�Q�很多书上都�?对于学习的重点在于理�?x和x的理解，他们�q�不相同�Q?x所表示的其实就是变量a本��n�Q�x表示的是变量a在内存中的地址�Q�如果想明白可以输出观察cout<<*x"|"x;�Q�当定义了int *x;后对x=&a的理解的问题。仔�l�阅��d��联系下面的两个例子我��x��针问题就不是隄��了！

#include

main()
{
int a,b; /* 定义a,b两个整�Ş变量用于输入两个整数 */
int *point_1,*point_2,*temp_point; /* 定义三个指针变量 */
scanf("%d,%d",&a,&b); /* 格式化输入a,b的�?*/
point_1=&a; /* 把指针变量point_1的值指向变量a的地址 */
point_2=&b; /* 把指针变量point_2的值指向变量b的地址 */
if (a{
     temp_point=point_1; /* �q�里的temp_point是用于��时存储point_1的��g��是变量a的地址�?*/
     point_1=point_2; /* 把point_2的��D��予point_1 */
     point_2=temp_point;
     /* �׃��point_1的值已�l�改变无法找�?利用前面临时存储的也��是temp_point扑֛�原point_1的��D��予point_2,打到把point_1和point_2值对换的目的*/
}
printf("%d,%d",*point_1,*point_2); /* 利用*point_1�?point_2也就是分辨指向b和a的方法把值显�C��爱屏�q�上 */
}

/* 此题需要注意和了解是的此法�q�没有改变变量a,b的值只是利用指针变量分别存储a和b的地址,然后再把那两个指针变量的值对换一下其实就是存储在
指针变量里面a与b的地址�Ҏ��,在利�?point_1�?point_2的方式把调换后的值显�C�出来这里的*point_1实际��是a,此中��法�q��真的改变a,b的�?而是
利用指针�q�行地址交换辑ֈ�大小排序的目�?
*/

#include

main()
{
int a,b; /* 定义a,b两个整�Ş变量用于输入两个整数 */
int *point_1,*point_2; /* 定义三个指针变量 */
scanf("%d,%d",&a,&b); /* 格式化输入a,b的�?*/
point_1 = &a; /* 把指针变量point_1的值指向变量a的地址 */
point_2 = &b; /* 把指针变量point_2的值指向变量b的地址 */
compositor(point_1,point_2); /* 调用自定义的排序涉|��,把a,b的地址传递给point_1和point_2 */
printf("%d,%d",a,b); /* 打印出a,b的�?*/
}

static compositor(p1,p2)
int *p1,*p2; /* 定义形式参数p1,p2为指针变�?*/
{
int temp; /* 建立临时存储变量 */
     if (*p1<*p2) /* 如果*p1     {
         temp = *p1; /* 利用变量temp用于临时存储*p1和就是a的�?*/
         *p1 = *p2; /* ��?p1的��g��是a的值换�?p2的��g��是b的�?�{��h于a=b */
         *p2 = temp; /* ��?p2的��g��是temp的值等价于b=temp */
     }
}

/* 注意:此题与上题不同的�?直接改变了a于b的��D��到真实改变的目的 */

lhking 2010-06-21 23:02 发表评论

VC常用数据�c�d��转换详解

lhking — Mon, 21 Jun 2010 14:59:00 GMT

VC常用数据�c�d��转换详解

我们先定义一些常见类型变量借以说明

int i = 100;
long l = 2001;
float f=300.2;
double d=12345.119;
char username[]="�E�佩�?;
char temp[200];
char *buf;
CString str;
_variant_t v1;
_bstr_t v2;

一、其它数据类型�{换�ؓ字符�?/font>

短整�?int)
itoa(i,temp,10);///��i转换为字�W�串攑օ�temp�?最后一个数字表�C�十�q�制
itoa(i,temp,2); ///按二�q�制方式转换
长整�?long)
ltoa(l,temp,10);
��点�?float,double)
用fcvt可以完成转换,�q�是MSDN中的例子:
int decimal, sign;
char *buffer;
double source = 3.1415926535;
buffer = _fcvt( source, 7, &decimal, &sign );
�q�行�l�果:source: 3.1415926535 buffer: '31415927' decimal: 1 sign: 0
decimal表示��数点的位置,sign表示�W�号:0为正敎ͼ�1��?
CString变量
str = "2008北京奥运";
buf = (LPSTR)(LPCTSTR)str;
BSTR变量
BSTR bstrValue = ::SysAllocString(L"�E�序�?);
char * buf = _com_util::ConvertBSTRToString(bstrValue);
SysFreeString(bstrValue);
AfxMessageBox(buf);
delete(buf);
CComBSTR变量
CComBSTR bstrVar("test");
char *buf = _com_util::ConvertBSTRToString(bstrVar.m_str);
AfxMessageBox(buf);
delete(buf);

_bstr_t变量
_bstr_t�c�d��是对BSTR的封装，因�ؓ已经重蝲�?操作�W�，所以很�Ҏ��使用
_bstr_t bstrVar("test");
const char *buf = bstrVar;///不要修改buf中的内容
AfxMessageBox(buf);

通用�Ҏ��(针对非COM数据�c�d��)
用sprintf完成转换
char buffer[200];
char c = '1';
int i = 35;
long j = 1000;
float f = 1.7320534f;
sprintf( buffer, "%c",c);
sprintf( buffer, "%d",i);
sprintf( buffer, "%d",j);
sprintf( buffer, "%f",f);

二、字�W�串转换为其它数据类�?br>strcpy(temp,"123");

短整�?int)
i = atoi(temp);
长整�?long)
l = atol(temp);
��点(double)
d = atof(temp);
CString变量
CString name = temp;
BSTR变量
BSTR bstrValue = ::SysAllocString(L"�E�序�?);
...///完成对bstrValue的��?br>SysFreeString(bstrValue);

CComBSTR变量
CComBSTR�c�d��变量可以直接赋�?br>CComBSTR bstrVar1("test");
CComBSTR bstrVar2(temp);

_bstr_t变量
_bstr_t�c�d��的变量可以直接赋�?br>_bstr_t bstrVar1("test");
_bstr_t bstrVar2(temp);

三、其它数据类型�{换到CString
使用CString的成员函数Format来�{�?例如:

整数(int)
str.Format("%d",i);
��点�?float)
str.Format("%f",i);
字符串指�?char *)�{�已�l�被CString构造函数支持的数据�c�d��可以直接赋�?br>str = username;
对于Format所不支持的数据�c�d��Q�可以通过上面所说的关于其它数据�c�d��转化到char *的方法先转到char *�Q�然后赋值给CString变量�?/font>

四、BSTR、_bstr_t与CComBSTR

CComBSTR 是ATL对BSTR的封装，_bstr_t是C++对BSTR的封�?BSTR�?2位指�?但�ƈ不直接指向字串的�~�冲区�?br>char *转换到BSTR可以�q�样:
BSTR b=_com_util::ConvertStringToBSTR("数据");///使用前需要加上comutil.h和comsupp.lib
SysFreeString(bstrValue);
反之可以使用
char *p=_com_util::ConvertBSTRToString(b);
delete p;
具体可以参考一�Q�二�D�落里的具体说明�?/font>

CComBSTR与_bstr_t对大量的操作�W�进行了重蝲�Q�可以直接进�?,!=,==�{�操作，所以��用非常方�ѝ�?br>特别是_bstr_t,��大家使用它�?/font>

五、VARIANT 、_variant_t �?COleVariant

VARIANT的结构可以参考头文�gVC98\Include\OAIDL.H中关于结构体tagVARIANT的定义�?br>对于VARIANT变量的赋��|��首先�l�vt成员赋��|��指明数据�c�d��Q�再对联合结构中相同数据�c�d��的变量赋��|��举个例子�Q?br>VARIANT va;
int a=2001;
va.vt=VT_I4;///指明整型数据
va.lVal=a; ///赋�?/font>

对于不马上赋值的VARIANT�Q�最好先用Void VariantInit(VARIANTARG FAR* pvarg);�q�行初始�?其本质是��vt讄��为VT_EMPTY,下表我们列�Dvt与常用数据的对应关系:

Byte bVal; // VT_UI1.
Short iVal; // VT_I2.
long lVal; // VT_I4.
float fltVal; // VT_R4.
double dblVal; // VT_R8.
VARIANT_BOOL boolVal; // VT_BOOL.
SCODE scode; // VT_ERROR.
CY cyVal; // VT_CY.
DATE date; // VT_DATE.
BSTR bstrVal; // VT_BSTR.
DECIMAL FAR* pdecVal // VT_BYREF|VT_DECIMAL.
IUnknown FAR* punkVal; // VT_UNKNOWN.
IDispatch FAR* pdispVal; // VT_DISPATCH.
SAFEARRAY FAR* parray; // VT_ARRAY|*.
Byte FAR* pbVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_UI1.
short FAR* piVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_I2.
long FAR* plVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_I4.
float FAR* pfltVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_R4.
double FAR* pdblVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_R8.
VARIANT_BOOL FAR* pboolVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_BOOL.
SCODE FAR* pscode; // VT_BYREF|VT_ERROR.
CY FAR* pcyVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_CY.
DATE FAR* pdate; // VT_BYREF|VT_DATE.
BSTR FAR* pbstrVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_BSTR.
IUnknown FAR* FAR* ppunkVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_UNKNOWN.
IDispatch FAR* FAR* ppdispVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_DISPATCH.
SAFEARRAY FAR* FAR* pparray; // VT_ARRAY|*.
VARIANT FAR* pvarVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_VARIANT.
void FAR* byref; // Generic ByRef.
char cVal; // VT_I1.
unsigned short uiVal; // VT_UI2.
unsigned long ulVal; // VT_UI4.
int intVal; // VT_INT.
unsigned int uintVal; // VT_UINT.
char FAR * pcVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_I1.
unsigned short FAR * puiVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_UI2.
unsigned long FAR * pulVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_UI4.
int FAR * pintVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_INT.
unsigned int FAR * puintVal; //VT_BYREF|VT_UINT.

_variant_t是VARIANT的封装类�Q�其赋值可以��用强制类型�{换，其构造函��C��自动处理�q�些数据�c�d��?br>使用旉��加上#include
例如�Q?br>long l=222;
ing i=100;
_variant_t lVal(l);
lVal = (long)i;

COleVariant的��用与_variant_t的方法基本一��P��请参考如下例子：
COleVariant v3 = "字符�?, v4 = (long)1999;
CString str =(BSTR)v3.pbstrVal;
long i = v4.lVal;

六、其它一些COM数据�c�d��

�Ҏ��ProgID得到CLSID
HRESULT CLSIDFromProgID( LPCOLESTR lpszProgID,LPCLSID pclsid);
CLSID clsid;
CLSIDFromProgID( L"MAPI.Folder",&clsid);

�Ҏ��CLSID得到ProgID
WINOLEAPI ProgIDFromCLSID( REFCLSID clsid,LPOLESTR * lplpszProgID);
例如我们已经定义�?CLSID_IApplication,下面的代码得到ProgID
LPOLESTR pProgID = 0;
ProgIDFromCLSID( CLSID_IApplication,&pProgID);
...///可以使用pProgID
CoTaskMemFree(pProgID);//不要忘记释放

七、ANSI与Unicode
Unicode�U�Cؓ宽字�W�型字串,COM里��用的都是Unicode字符丌Ӏ?/font>

��ANSI转换到Unicode
(1)通过L�q�个宏来实现�Q�例�? CLSIDFromProgID( L"MAPI.Folder",&clsid);
(2)通过MultiByteToWideChar函数实现转换,例如:
char *szProgID = "MAPI.Folder";
WCHAR szWideProgID[128];
CLSID clsid;
long lLen = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP,0,szProgID,strlen(szProgID),szWideProgID,sizeof(szWideProgID));
szWideProgID[lLen] = '\0';
(3)通过A2W宏来实现,例如:
USES_CONVERSION;
CLSIDFromProgID( A2W(szProgID),&clsid);
��Unicode转换到ANSI
(1)使用WideCharToMultiByte,例如:
// 假设已经有了一个Unicode �?wszSomeString...
char szANSIString [MAX_PATH];
WideCharToMultiByte ( CP_ACP, WC_COMPOSITECHECK, wszSomeString, -1, szANSIString, sizeof(szANSIString), NULL, NULL );
(2)使用W2A宏来实现,例如:
USES_CONVERSION;
pTemp=W2A(wszSomeString);
八、其�?/font>

�Ҏ��息的处理中我们经帔R��要将WPARAM或LPARAM�{?2位数据（DWORD)分解成两�?6位数据（WORD),例如�Q?br>LPARAM lParam;
WORD loValue = LOWORD(lParam);///取低16�?br>WORD hiValue = HIWORD(lParam);///取高16�?/font>

对于16位的数据(WORD)我们可以用同��L��Ҏ��分解成高低两�?位数�?BYTE),例如:
WORD wValue;
BYTE loValue = LOBYTE(wValue);///取低8�?br>BYTE hiValue = HIBYTE(wValue);///取高8�?/font>

两个16位数据（WORD�Q�合�?2位数�?DWORD,LRESULT,LPARAM,或WPARAM)
LONG MAKELONG( WORD wLow, WORD wHigh );
WPARAM MAKEWPARAM( WORD wLow, WORD wHigh );
LPARAM MAKELPARAM( WORD wLow, WORD wHigh );
LRESULT MAKELRESULT( WORD wLow, WORD wHigh );

两个8位的数据(BYTE)合成16位的数据(WORD)
WORD MAKEWORD( BYTE bLow, BYTE bHigh );

从R(red),G(green),B(blue)三色得到COLORREF�c�d��的颜色�?br>COLORREF RGB( BYTE byRed,BYTE byGreen,BYTE byBlue );
例如COLORREF bkcolor = RGB(0x22,0x98,0x34);

从COLORREF�c�d��的颜色值得到RGB三个颜色�?br>BYTE Red = GetRValue(bkcolor); ///得到�U�颜�?br>BYTE Green = GetGValue(bkcolor); ///得到�l�K��?br>BYTE Blue = GetBValue(bkcolor); ///得到兰颜�?/font>

九、注意事��?br>假如需要��用到ConvertBSTRToString此类函数,需要加上头文�gcomutil.h,�q�在setting中加入comsupp.lib或者直接加�?pragma comment( lib, "comsupp.lib" )

lhking 2010-06-21 22:59 发表评论

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Using memset(), memcpy(), and memmove() in C

The memcpy() Function

The memmove() Function

A demonstration of memset(), memcpy(), and memmove().

win32 vc ��L����x��

��Z��c++�q�程注入的实�?

C++ 下蝲文�g

C++ dll中��用定时器

What are the differences between MFC and Win32 Application

c/c++中指针学习的两个�l�好例子-C/C++指针学习

VC常用数据�c�d��转换详解

win32 vc ��L��x��