锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?> 鐞嗚В澶嶆潅綾誨瀷鍏跺疄寰堢畝鍗?涓涓被鍨嬮噷浼氬嚭鐜板緢澶氳繍綆楃,浠栦滑涔熷儚鏅氱殑琛ㄨ揪寮忎竴鏍?鏈変紭鍏堢駭,鍏朵紭鍏堢駭鍜岃繍綆椾紭鍏堢駭涓鏍?鎵浠ユ垜鎬葷粨浜嗕竴涓嬪叾鍘熷垯: 浠庡彉閲忓悕澶勮搗,鏍規嵁榪愮畻絎︿紭鍏堢駭緇撳悎,涓姝ヤ竴姝ュ垎鏋? int *p[3]; //棣栧厛浠嶱澶勫紑濮?鍏堜笌[]緇撳悎,鍥犱負鍏朵紭鍏堢駭姣?楂?鎵浠鏄竴涓暟緇?鐒跺悗鍐嶄笌*緇撳悎,璇存槑鏁扮粍閲岀殑鍏冪礌鏄寚閽堢被鍨?鐒跺悗鍐嶄笌int緇撳悎,璇存槑鎸囬拡鎵鎸囧悜鐨勫唴瀹圭殑綾誨瀷鏄暣鍨嬬殑,鎵浠鏄竴涓敱榪斿洖鏁村瀷鏁版嵁鐨勬寚閽堟墍緇勬垚鐨勬暟緇?br> 鎼炴竻鎸囬拡鐨勫洓鏂歸潰鐨勫唴瀹癸細鎸囬拡鐨勭被鍨?/span>銆?/span>鎸囬拡鎵鎸囧悜鐨?nbsp;綾誨瀷銆?/span>鎸囬拡鐨勫兼垨鑰呭彨鎸囬拡鎵鎸囧悜鐨勫唴瀛樺尯銆?/span>鎸囬拡鏈韓鎵鍗犳嵁鐨勫唴瀛樺尯 瀛︿細鍒ゆ柇灝卞ソ char a[20]; 榪樻湁sizeof鐨勪竴浜涚敤娉曪紝strlen鐨勮鍒欍?br> 鍏抽敭瀛梞utable鏄疌++涓竴涓笉甯哥敤鐨勫叧閿瓧,浠栧彧鑳界敤浜庣被鐨勯潪闈欐佸拰闈炲父閲忔暟鎹垚鍛?br>銆銆鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾涓涓璞$殑鐘舵佺敱璇ュ璞$殑闈為潤鎬佹暟鎹垚鍛樺喅瀹?鎵浠ラ殢鐫鏁版嵁鎴愬憳鐨勬敼鍙? 銆銆渚嬪: 銆銆榪欎釜鏃跺欓渶瑕佷嬌鐢╩utable鏉ヤ慨楗頒竴涓嬭鍦╟onst鎴愬憳鍑芥暟涓敼鍙樼殑闈為潤鎬佹暟鎹垚鍛?br>銆銆m_nAccess,浠g爜濡備笅: 銆銆class Demo volatile鍏抽敭瀛?/strong> 銆銆volatile鏄痗/c++涓竴涓矞涓轟漢鐭ョ殑鍏抽敭瀛?璇ュ叧閿瓧鍛婅瘔緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ笉瑕佹寔鏈夊彉閲忕殑涓存椂鎷瘋礉,瀹冨彲浠ラ傜敤浜庡熀紜綾誨瀷 銆銆浣跨敤volatile騫朵笉浼氬惁瀹氬CRITICAL_SECTION,Mutex,Event絳夊悓姝ュ璞$殑闇瑕?br>銆銆渚嬪錛?br>銆銆int i; 銆銆鎴戜滑鍏堟潵瀹炵幇涓涓畝鍗曠殑鍑芥暟錛屾潵瑙傚療涓涓嬬敱緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ駭鐢熷嚭鏉ョ殑姹囩紪浠g爜涓殑涓嶈凍涔嬪錛屽茍瑙傚療volatile鍏抽敭瀛楀浣曚慨姝?br>銆銆榪欎釜涓嶈凍涔嬪銆傚湪榪欎釜鍑芥暟浣撳唴瀛樺湪涓涓猙usy loop(鎵璋揵usy loop涔熷彨鍋歜usy waits,鏄竴縐嶉珮搴︽氮璐笴PU鏃墮棿鐨勫驚鐜柟娉? 銆銆void getKey(char* pch) 銆銆; while (*pch == 0) 銆銆鐜板湪鎴戜滑鍐嶆潵鐪嬬湅灝嗙紪璇戝櫒鐨勬墍鏈夋渶浼樺寲閫夐」寮鍏抽兘鎵撳紑浠ュ悗錛岄噸鏂扮紪璇戠▼搴忥紝鐢熸垚鐨勬眹緙栦唬鐮侊紝鍜屼笂闈㈢殑浠g爜 銆銆姣旇緝涓涓嬫湁浠涔堜笉鍚?/p>
銆銆;{ 浠庝唬鐮佺殑闀垮害灝卞彲浠ョ湅鍑烘潵錛屾瘮娌℃湁浼樺寲鐨勬儏鍐佃鐭殑澶氥傞渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄紪璇戝櫒鎶奙OV鎸囦護鏀懼埌浜嗗驚鐜箣澶栥傝繖鍦ㄥ崟綰跨▼涓槸涓涓潪甯稿ソ鐨勪紭鍖栵紝浣嗘槸錛屽湪澶氱嚎紼嬪簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忎腑錛屽鏋滃彟涓涓嚎紼嬫敼鍙樹簡鍙橀噺鐨勫鹼紝鍒欏驚鐜案榪滀笉浼氱粨鏉熴傝嫻嬭瘯鐨勫兼案榪滆鏀懼湪瀵勫瓨鍣ㄤ腑錛屾墍浠ヨ孌典唬鐮佸湪澶氱嚎紼嬬殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝瀛樺湪涓涓法澶х殑BUG銆傝В鍐蟲柟娉曟槸閲嶆柊 銆銆鍐欎竴嬈etKey鍑芥暟錛屽茍鎶婂弬鏁皃ch澹版槑涓簐olatile,浠g爜濡備笅錛?/p>
銆銆void getKey(volatile char* pch) 銆銆;{ 銆銆鎶婁竴涓猚onst volatile鍙橀噺浣滀負鍙傛暟浼犻掔粰鍑芥暟鏄悎娉曠殑銆傚姝ょ殑澹版槑鎰忓懗鐫鍑芥暟涓嶈兘鏀瑰彉鍙橀噺鐨勫鹼紝浣嗘槸鍙橀噺鐨?br>銆銆鍊煎嵈鍙互琚彟涓涓嚎紼嬪湪浠諱綍鏃墮棿鏀瑰彉鎺夈?/p>
銆銆explicit鍏抽敭瀛?/strong> 銆銆鎴戜滑鍦ㄧ紪鍐欏簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕殑鏃跺檈xplicit鍏抽敭瀛楀熀鏈笂鏄緢灝戜嬌鐢?瀹冪殑浣滅敤鏄?紱佹鍗曞弬鏁版瀯閫犲嚱鏁?琚敤浜庤嚜鍔ㄥ瀷鍒漿鎹?鍏朵腑姣旇緝鍏稿瀷鐨勪緥瀛愬氨鏄鍣ㄧ被鍨?鍦ㄨ繖縐嶇被鍨嬬殑鏋勯犲嚱鏁頒腑浣犲彲浠ュ皢鍒濆闀垮害浣滀負鍙傛暟浼犻掔粰鏋勯犲嚱鏁? 銆銆渚嬪: 銆銆class Array 銆銆鍦ㄨ繖閲宔xplicit鍏抽敭瀛楄搗鐫鑷沖叧閲嶈鐨勪綔鐢?濡傛灉娌℃湁榪欎釜鍏抽敭瀛楃殑璇?榪欎釜鏋勯犲嚱鏁版湁鑳藉姏灝唅nt杞崲鎴怉rray.涓鏃﹁繖縐嶆儏鍐靛彂鐢?浣犲彲浠ョ粰Array鏀淳涓涓暣鏁板艱屼笉浼氬紩璧蜂換浣曠殑闂,姣斿: 銆銆Array arr; 銆銆姝ゆ椂,C++鐨勮嚜鍔ㄥ瀷鍒漿鎹細鎶?0杞崲鎴愭嫢鏈?0涓厓绱犵殑Array,騫朵笖鎸囨淳緇檃rr鍙橀噺,榪欎釜緇撴灉鏍規湰灝變笉鏄垜浠兂瑕佺殑緇撴灉.濡傛灉鎴戜滑灝嗘瀯閫犲嚱鏁板0鏄庝負explicit,涓婇潰鐨勮祴鍊兼搷浣滃氨浼氬鑷寸紪璇戝櫒鎶ラ敊,浣挎垜浠彲浠ュ強鏃跺彂鐜伴敊璇?闇瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄?explicit鍚屾牱涔熻兘闃繪"浠ヨ祴鍊艱娉曡繘琛屽甫鏈夎漿鍨嬫搷浣滅殑鍒濆鍖?; 銆渚嬪: 銆銆榪欎袱縐嶆搷浣滃瓨鍦ㄤ竴涓皬灝忕殑宸埆,絎竴縐嶆柟寮忓紡閫氳繃鏄懼紡綾誨瀷杞崲,鏍規嵁鍨嬪埆x浜х敓浜嗗瀷鍒玒鐨勬柊瀵硅薄;絎簩縐嶆柟寮忛氳繃闅愬紡杞崲浜х敓浜嗕竴涓瀷鍒玒鐨勬柊瀵硅薄. 銆銆__based鍏抽敭瀛?/strong> 銆銆璇ュ叧閿瓧涓昏鐢ㄦ潵瑙e喅涓浜涘拰鍏變韓鍐呭瓨鏈夊叧鐨勯棶棰?瀹冨厑璁告寚閽堣瀹氫箟涓轟粠鏌愪竴鐐瑰紑濮嬬畻鐨?2浣嶅亸縐誨?鑰屼笉鏄唴瀛樼鐨勭粷瀵逛綅緗?br>銆銆涓句釜渚嬪瓙: 銆銆typedef struct tagDEMOSTRUCT { 銆銆DEMOSTRUCT __based(lpShare)* lpDemo; 銆銆铏界劧__based鎸囬拡浣跨敤璧鋒潵闈炲父瀹規槗,浣嗘槸,浣犲繀欏誨湪鏁堢巼涓婁粯鍑轟竴瀹氱殑浠d環.姣忓綋浣犵敤__based鎸囬拡澶勭悊鏁版嵁,CPU閮藉繀欏諱負瀹冨姞涓婂熀鍦板潃,鎵嶈兘鎸囧悜鐪熸鐨勪綅緗? 銆銆鍦ㄨ繖閲屾垜鍙槸浠嬬粛浜嗗嚑涓茍涓嶆椂寰堝父瑙佺殑鍏抽敭瀛楃殑鎰忎箟鍗崇敤娉?鍏朵粬閭d簺甯歌鐨勫叧閿瓧浠嬬粛浠栦滑鐨勬枃绔犲凡緇忎笉灝戜簡鍦ㄨ繖閲屽氨涓嶅啀涓涓浠嬬粛浜?甯屾湜榪欎簺鍐呭鑳藉澶у鏈変竴瀹氱殑甯姪!
int (*p)(int); //浠嶱澶勫紑濮?鍏堜笌鎸囬拡緇撳悎,璇存槑P鏄竴涓寚閽?鐒跺悗涓?)緇撳悎,璇存槑鎸囬拡鎸囧悜鐨勬槸涓涓嚱鏁?鐒跺悗鍐嶄笌()閲岀殑int緇撳悎,璇存槑鍑芥暟鏈変竴涓猧nt鍨嬬殑鍙傛暟,鍐嶄笌鏈澶栧眰鐨刬nt緇撳悎,璇存槑鍑芥暟鐨勮繑鍥炵被鍨嬫槸鏁村瀷,鎵浠鏄竴涓寚鍚戞湁涓涓暣鍨嬪弬鏁頒笖榪斿洖綾誨瀷涓烘暣鍨嬬殑鍑芥暟鐨勬寚閽?br>int *(*p(int))[3];浠嶱寮濮?鍏堜笌()緇撳悎,璇存槑P鏄竴涓嚱鏁?鐒跺悗榪涘叆()閲岄潰,涓巌nt緇撳悎,璇存槑鍑芥暟鏈変竴涓暣鍨嬪彉閲忓弬鏁?鐒跺悗鍐嶄笌澶栭潰鐨?緇撳悎,璇存槑鍑芥暟榪斿洖鐨勬槸涓涓寚閽?,鐒跺悗鍒版渶澶栭潰涓灞?鍏堜笌[]緇撳悎,璇存槑榪斿洖鐨勬寚閽堟寚鍚戠殑鏄竴涓暟緇?/strong>,鐒跺悗鍐嶄笌*緇撳悎,璇存槑鏁扮粍閲岀殑鍏冪礌鏄寚閽?鐒跺悗鍐嶄笌int緇撳悎,璇存槑鎸囬拡鎸囧悜鐨勫唴瀹規槸鏁村瀷鏁版嵁.鎵浠鏄竴涓弬鏁頒負涓涓暣鏁版嵁涓旇繑鍥炰竴涓寚鍚戠敱鏁村瀷鎸囬拡鍙橀噺緇勬垚鐨勬暟緇勭殑鎸囬拡鍙橀噺鐨勫嚱鏁?
int *ptr=(int *)a; //寮哄埗綾誨瀷杞崲騫朵笉浼氭敼鍙榓鐨勭被鍨?nbsp;
ptr++;//姝ゆ椂姣忔+1 鐩稿綋浜庡姞sizeof(int)澶у皬鐨勫唴瀛樺崟浣嶃?br>涓や釜鎸囬拡涓嶈兘榪涜鍔犳硶鎿嶄綔銆傚緱鍒扮殑緇撴灉灝嗘槸涓涓湭鐭ョ殑浣嶇疆銆?br>#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
const int LENGTH = 20;
char test[LENGTH] = "Iwanttofuckyou,ha";
char *p = &test[15]; //ha
int *i = (int*)test;
test [14] = 0; //test = "Iwanttofuckyou"
cout<<test<<endl; // Iwanttofuckyou
cout<<strlen(test)<<endl; // 14
cout<<sizeof(test)<<endl; //20 榪欓噷sizeof鐨勬槸鏁扮粍
i++;
cout<<char(*i)<<endl; // t
cout<<p<<endl; // ha
cout<<strlen(p)<<endl; // 2
cout<<sizeof(p)<<endl; // 4 榪欓噷sizeof鐨勬槸鎸囬拡
return 0;
}
]]>
銆銆瀵瑰儚鐨勭姸鎬佷篃浼氶殢涔嬪彂鐢熷彉鍖?
銆銆濡傛灉涓涓被鐨勬垚鍛樺嚱鏁拌澹版槑涓篶onst綾誨瀷,琛ㄧず璇ュ嚱鏁頒笉浼氭敼鍙樺璞$殑鐘舵?涔熷氨鏄?br>銆銆璇ュ嚱鏁頒笉浼氫慨鏀圭被鐨勯潪闈欐佹暟鎹垚鍛?浣嗘槸鏈変簺鏃跺欓渶瑕佸湪璇ョ被鍑芥暟涓綾葷殑鏁版嵁鎴愬憳
銆銆榪涜璧嬪?榪欎釜鏃跺欏氨闇瑕佺敤鍒癿utable鍏抽敭瀛椾簡
銆銆class Demo
銆銆{
銆銆public:
銆銆Demo(){}
銆銆~Demo(){}
銆銆public:
銆銆bool getFlag() const
銆銆{
銆銆m_nAccess++;
銆銆return m_bFlag;
銆銆}
銆銆private:
銆銆int m_nAccess;
銆銆bool m_bFlag;
銆銆};
銆銆int main()
銆銆{
銆銆return 0;
銆銆}
銆銆緙栬瘧涓婇潰鐨勪唬鐮佷細鍑虹幇 error C2166: l-value specifies const object鐨勯敊璇?br>銆銆璇存槑鍦╟onst綾誨瀷鐨勫嚱鏁頒腑鏀瑰彉浜嗙被鐨勯潪闈欐佹暟鎹垚鍛?
銆銆{
銆銆public:
銆銆Demo(){}
銆銆~Demo(){}
銆銆public:
銆銆bool getFlag() const
銆銆{
銆銆m_nAccess++;
銆銆return m_bFlag;
銆銆}
銆銆private:
銆銆mutable int m_nAccess;
銆銆bool m_bFlag;
銆銆};
銆銆int main()
銆銆{
銆銆return 0;
銆銆}
銆銆榪欐牱鍐嶉噸鏂扮紪璇戠殑鏃跺欏氨涓嶄細鍑虹幇閿欒浜?
銆銆濡傦細int,char,long......涔熼傜敤浜嶤鐨勭粨鏋勫拰C++鐨勭被銆傚綋瀵圭粨鏋勬垨鑰呯被瀵硅薄浣跨敤volatile淇グ鐨勬椂鍊欙紝緇撴瀯鎴栬?br>銆銆綾葷殑鎵鏈夋垚鍛橀兘浼氳瑙嗕負volatile.
銆銆i = i + 3;
銆銆鏃犺濡備綍錛屾繪槸浼氭湁涓灝忔鏃墮棿錛宨浼氳鏀懼湪涓涓瘎瀛樺櫒涓紝鍥犱負綆楁湳榪愮畻鍙兘鍦ㄥ瘎瀛樺櫒涓繘琛屻備竴鑸潵璇達紝volatitle
銆銆鍏抽敭瀛楅傜敤浜庤涓庤涔嬮棿錛岃屼笉鏄斁鍦ㄨ鍐呫?/p>
銆銆{
銆銆while (*pch == 0)
銆銆;
銆銆}
銆銆褰撲綘鍦╒C寮鍙戠幆澧冧腑灝嗘渶浼樺寲閫夐」閮藉叧闂箣鍚庯紝緙栬瘧榪欎釜紼嬪簭錛屽皢鑾峰緱浠ヤ笅緇撴灉(姹囩紪浠g爜)
銆銆$L27
銆銆; Load the address stored in pch
銆銆mov eax, DWORD PTR _pch$[ebp]
銆銆; Load the character into the EAX register
銆銆movsx eax, BYTE PTR [eax]
銆銆; Compare the value to zero
銆銆test eax, eax
銆銆; If not zero, exit loop
銆銆jne $L28
銆銆;
銆銆jmp $L27
銆銆$L28
銆銆;}
銆銆榪欐娌℃湁浼樺寲鐨勪唬鐮佷笉鏂殑杞藉叆閫傚綋鐨勫湴鍧錛岃澆鍏ュ湴鍧涓殑鍐呭錛屾祴璇曠粨鏋溿傛晥鐜囩浉褰撶殑浣庯紝浣嗘槸緇撴灉闈炲父鍑嗙‘
銆銆; Load the address stored in pch
銆銆mov eax, DWORD PTR _pch$[esp-4]
銆銆; Load the character into the AL register
銆銆movsx al, BYTE PTR [eax]
銆銆; while (*pch == 0)
銆銆; Compare the value in the AL register to zero
銆銆test al, al
銆銆; If still zero, try again
銆銆je SHORT $L84
銆銆;
銆銆;}
銆銆{
銆銆while (*pch == 0)
銆銆;
銆銆}
銆銆榪欐鐨勪慨鏀瑰浜庨潪鏈浼樺寲鐨勭増鏈病鏈変換浣曞獎鍝嶏紝涓嬮潰璇風湅鏈浼樺寲鍚庣殑緇撴灉錛?/p>
銆銆; Load the address stored in pch
銆銆mov eax, DWORD PTR _pch$[esp-4]
銆銆; while (*pch == 0)
銆銆$L84:
銆銆; Directly compare the value to zero
銆銆cmp BYTE PTR [eax], 0
銆銆; If still zero, try again
銆銆je SHORT $L84
銆銆;
銆銆;}
銆銆榪欐鐨勪慨鏀圭粨鏋滄瘮杈冨畬緹庯紝鍦板潃涓嶄細鏀瑰彉錛屾墍浠ュ湴鍧澹版槑琚Щ鍔ㄥ埌寰幆涔嬪銆傚湴鍧鍐呭鏄痸olatile,鎵浠ユ瘡嬈″驚鐜?br>銆銆涔嬩腑瀹冧笉鏂殑琚噸鏂版鏌ャ?/p>
銆銆浣犲彲浠ュ0鏄庤繖鏍蜂竴涓瀯閫犲嚱鏁?/p>
銆銆{
銆銆public:
銆銆explicit Array(int size);
銆銆......
銆銆};
銆銆...
銆銆arr = 40;
銆銆Array arr(40);//姝g‘
銆銆Array arr = 40;//閿欒
銆銆鐪嬩竴涓嬩互涓嬩袱縐嶆搷浣?
銆銆X x;
銆銆Y y(x);//鏄懼紡綾誨瀷杞崲
銆銆鍙︿竴縐?br>銆銆X x;
銆銆Y y = x;//闅愬紡綾誨瀷杞崲
銆銆explicit鍏抽敭瀛楃殑搴旂敤涓昏灝辨槸涓婇潰鎵璇寸殑鏋勯犲嚱鏁板畾涔夌,鍙傝冭鍏抽敭瀛楃殑搴旂敤鍙互鐪嬬湅STL婧愪唬鐮?鍏朵腑澶ч噺浣跨敤浜嗚鍏抽敭瀛?/p>
銆銆int a;
銆銆char sz[10];
銆銆} DEMOSTRUCT, * PDEMOSTRUCT;
銆銆HANDLE hFileMapping = CreateFileMapping(...);
銆銆LPVOID lpShare = (LPDWORD)MapViewOfFile(...);
銆銆涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愬0鏄庝簡涓涓寚閽坙pDemo,鍐呴儴鍌ㄥ瓨鐨勬槸浠巐pShare寮濮嬬殑鍋忕Щ鍊?涔熷氨鏄痩pHead鏄互lpShare涓哄熀鍑嗙殑鍋忕Щ鍊?涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愮鐨凞EMOSTRUCT鍙槸闅忎究瀹氫箟鐨勪竴涓粨鏋?鐢ㄦ潵浠h〃浠繪剰鐨勭粨鏋?
銆
鍦ㄧ綉涓婄湅鍒扮殑浠嬬粛鎬ф枃绔狅紝涓嶉敊
銆1. 淇濈暀瀛?br>
銆銆C++涓紝淇濈暀瀛椾篃縐板叧閿瓧錛屽畠鏄鍏堝畾涔夊ソ鐨勬爣璇嗙銆傝鍏抽敭瀛楃殑瑙i噴銆?br>
銆銆2.鍏抽敭瀛?br>
銆銆C++涓凡緇忚緋葷粺瀹氫箟涓虹壒孌婂惈涔夌殑涓綾繪爣璇嗙銆侰++涓殑鍏抽敭瀛楁湁錛?br>
銆銆3.鏍囪瘑絎?br>
銆銆瀵瑰彉閲忋佸嚱鏁般佹爣鍙峰拰鍏跺畠鍚勭鐢ㄦ埛鑷畾涔夊璞$殑鍛藉悕銆傚湪C++涓紝鏍囪瘑絎﹂暱搴︽病鏈夐檺鍒訛紝絎竴涓瓧絎﹀繀欏繪槸瀛楁瘝鎴栦笅鍒掔嚎錛屽叾鍚庤嫢鏈夊瓧絎﹀垯蹇呴』涓哄瓧姣嶃佹暟瀛楁垨涓嬪垝綰褲備緥濡俢ount2錛宊x鏄紜殑鏍囪瘑絎﹀艦寮忥紝鑰宧ello!錛?th鍒欐槸閿欒鐨勩傚湪C++涓爣璇嗙鍖哄垎澶у皬鍐欙紝鍙﹀鏍囪瘑絎︿笉鑳藉拰C++涓殑鍏抽敭瀛楃浉鍚岋紝涔熶笉鑳藉拰鍑芥暟鍚屽悕銆?br>
銆銆4.澹版槑
銆銆灝嗕竴涓爣璇嗙寮曞叆涓涓綔鐢ㄥ煙錛屾鏍囪瘑絎﹀繀欏繪寚鏄庣被鍨嬶紝濡傛灉鍚屾椂鎸囧畾浜嗗畠鎵浠h〃鐨勫疄浣擄紝鍒欏0鏄庝篃鏄畾涔夈?br>
銆銆5.瀹氫箟
銆銆緇欐墍澹版槑鐨勬爣璇嗙鎸囧畾鎵浠h〃鐨勫疄浣撱?br>
銆銆6.鍙橀噺
銆銆鏌愪釜浣滅敤鍩熻寖鍥村唴鐨勫懡鍚嶅璞°?br>
銆銆7.甯擱噺
銆銆甯擱噺鏄笉鎺ュ彈紼嬪簭淇敼鐨勫浐瀹氬鹼紝鍙互鏄換鎰忔暟鎹被鍨嬨傚彲浠ョ敤鍚庣紑鍑嗙‘鐨勬弿榪版墍鏈熸湜鐨勫父閲忕被鍨嬶紝濡傛誕鐐圭被鍨嬪父閲忓湪鏁板瓧鍚庡姞F錛屾棤絎﹀彿鏁村瀷甯擱噺鍔犲悗緙U絳夌瓑銆傛澶栬繕鏈変覆甯擱噺濡?Please input year錛?錛屽弽鏂滅嚎瀛楃甯擱噺濡俓n琛ㄧず鍥炶濺絎︺?br>
銆銆8. const璇存槑絎?br>
銆銆const鏄湪鍙橀噺澹版槑鎴栧嚱鏁板0鏄庢椂鎵鐢ㄥ埌鐨勪竴涓慨楗扮錛岀敤瀹冩墍淇グ鐨勫疄浣撳叿鏈夊彧璇誨睘鎬с?br>
銆銆9. 杈撳叆
銆銆褰撶▼搴忛渶瑕佹墽琛岄敭鐩樿緭鍏ユ椂錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄦ娊鍙栨搷浣滀粯">>"浠巆in杈撳叆嫻佷腑鎶藉彇瀛楃銆傚錛?br>
銆銆int myAge;
銆銆cin >> myAge;
銆銆10.杈撳嚭
銆銆褰撶▼搴忛渶瑕佸湪灞忓箷涓婃樉紺鴻緭鍑烘椂錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄦ彃鍏ユ搷浣滅"<<"鍚慶out 杈撳嚭嫻佷腑鎻掑叆瀛楃銆傚錛?br>
銆銆cout << "This is a program. \n ";
銆銆11.嫻?br>
銆銆嫻佹槸鏃駭鐢熶俊鎭張娑堣垂淇℃伅鐨勯昏緫璁懼錛岄氳繃C++緋葷粺鍜岀墿鐞嗚澶囧叧鑱斻侰++鐨処/O緋葷粺鏄氳繃嫻佹搷浣滅殑銆傛湁涓ょ綾誨瀷鐨勬祦錛氭枃鏈祦錛屼簩榪涘埗嫻併?br>
銆銆12.鏍囧噯杈撳叆杈撳嚭搴?br>
銆銆瀹冩槸C++鏍囧噯搴撶殑緇勬垚閮ㄥ垎錛屼負C++璇█鎻愪緵浜嗚緭鍏ヨ緭鍑虹殑鑳藉姏銆?br>
銆銆13.鍐呯疆鏁版嵁綾誨瀷
銆銆鐢盋++鐩存帴鎻愪緵鐨勭被鍨嬶紝鍖呮嫭int銆乫loat銆乨ouble銆乧har 銆乥ool銆佹寚閽堛佹暟緇勫拰寮曠敤銆?br>
銆銆14.瀛楃綾誨瀷
銆銆鍖呮嫭 char銆乻igned char銆乽nsigned char涓夌綾誨瀷銆?br>
銆銆15.鏁存暟綾誨瀷
銆銆鍖呮嫭 short銆?int銆乴ong 涓夌綾誨瀷銆?br>
銆銆16.long
銆銆鍙兘淇グ int , double.
銆銆long int 鎸囦竴縐嶆暣鏁扮被鍨嬶紝瀹冪殑闀垮害澶т簬絳変簬int鍨?
銆銆long double 鎸囬暱鍙岀簿搴︾被鍨?闀垮害澶т簬絳変簬double鍨嬨?br>
銆銆17.short
銆銆涓縐嶉暱搴﹀皯浜庢垨絳変簬int鍨嬬殑鏁存暟綾誨瀷銆?br>
銆銆18.signed
銆銆鐢卞畠鎵淇グ鐨勭被鍨嬫槸甯︾鍙風殑. 鍙兘淇グ int 鍜?char .
銆銆19.甯冨皵鍨?br>
銆銆涓縐嶆暟鎹被鍨嬶紝鍏跺煎彲涓猴細true, false 涓ょ銆?br>
銆銆20.嫻偣綾誨瀷
銆銆鍖呮嫭float, double , long double 涓夌綾誨瀷銆傚叾鍏稿瀷鐗瑰緛琛ㄧ幇涓烘湁灝炬暟鎴栨寚鏁般?br>
銆銆21.鍙岀簿搴︾被鍨?br>
銆銆嫻偣綾誨瀷涓殑涓縐嶃傚湪鍩烘湰鏁版嵁綾誨瀷涓畠鏄簿搴︽渶楂橈紝琛ㄧず鑼冨洿鏈澶х殑涓縐嶆暟鎹被鍨嬨?br>
銆銆22.void綾誨瀷
銆銆鍏抽敭瀛椾箣涓錛屾寚紺烘病鏈夎繑鍥炰俊鎭?br>
銆銆23.緇撴瀯綾誨瀷
銆銆綾葷殑涓縐嶏紝鍏舵垚鍛橀粯璁や負public鍨嬨傚ぇ澶氱敤浣滄棤鎴愬憳鍑芥暟鐨勬暟鎹粨鏋勩?br>
銆銆24.鏋氫婦綾誨瀷
銆銆涓縐嶇敤鎴瘋嚜瀹氫箟綾誨瀷錛岀敱鐢ㄦ埛瀹氫箟鐨勫肩殑闆嗗悎緇勬垚銆?br>
銆銆25.綾誨瀷杞崲
銆銆涓縐嶆暟鎹被鍨嬭漿鎹負鍙︿竴縐嶏紝鍖呮嫭鏄懼紡,闅愬紡涓ょ鏂瑰紡銆?br>
銆銆26.鎸囬拡
銆銆涓涓繚瀛樺湴鍧鎴?鐨勫璞°?br>
銆銆27. 鍑芥暟鎸囬拡
銆銆姣忎釜鍑芥暟閮芥湁鍦板潃錛屾寚鍚戝嚱鏁板湴鍧鐨勬寚閽堢О涓哄嚱鏁版寚閽堬紝鍑芥暟鎸囬拡鎸囧悜浠g爜鍖轟腑鐨勬煇涓嚱鏁幫紝閫氳繃鍑芥暟鎸囬拡鍙互璋冪敤鐩稿簲鐨勫嚱鏁般傚叾瀹氫箟褰㈠紡涓猴細
銆銆int ( * func ) ( char a, char b);
銆銆28.寮曠敤
銆銆涓轟竴涓璞℃垨鍑芥暟鎻愪緵鐨勫彟涓涓悕瀛椼?br>
銆銆29.閾捐〃
銆銆涓縐嶆暟鎹粨鏋勶紝鐢變竴涓釜鏈夊簭鐨勭粨鐐圭粍鎴愶紝姣忎釜緇撶偣閮芥槸鐩稿悓綾誨瀷鐨勭粨鏋勶紝姣忎釜緇撶偣閮芥湁涓涓寚閽堟垚鍛樻寚鍚戜笅涓涓粨鐐廣?br>
銆銆30.鏁扮粍
銆銆鏁扮粍鏄竴涓敱鑻ュ共鍚岀被鍨嬪彉閲忕粍鎴愮殑闆嗗悎銆?br>
銆銆31.瀛楃涓?br>
銆銆鏍囧噯搴撲腑鐨勪竴縐嶆暟鎹被鍨嬶紝涓浜涘父鐢ㄦ搷浣滅濡?=錛?=鏀寔鍏舵搷浣溿?br>
銆銆32.榪愮畻絎?br>
銆銆鍐呯疆鐨勬搷浣滃父鐢ㄧ鍙鳳紝渚嬪+,* ,& 絳夈?br>
銆銆33.鍗曠洰榪愮畻絎?br>
銆銆鍙兘瀵逛竴涓搷浣滄暟榪涜鎿嶄綔
銆銆34.鍙岀洰榪愮畻絎?br>
銆銆鍙涓や釜鎿嶄綔鏁拌繘琛屾搷浣?br>
銆銆35.涓夌洰榪愮畻絎?br>
銆銆鍙涓変釜鎿嶄綔鏁拌繘琛屾搷浣?br>
銆銆36.綆楁湳榪愮畻絎?br>
銆銆鎵ц綆楁湳鎿嶄綔鐨勮繍綆楃錛屽寘鎷細+錛?錛?錛?錛?銆?br>
銆銆37.鏉′歡榪愮畻絎?br>
銆銆鍗??: " 銆?br>
銆銆鍏惰娉曚負錛?br>
銆銆(鏉′歡琛ㄨ揪寮??(鏉′歡涓虹湡鏃剁殑琛ㄨ揪寮?錛?鏉′歡涓哄亣鏃剁殑琛ㄨ揪寮?
銆銆濡傦細x = a < b ? a : b;
銆銆鐩稿綋浜?
銆銆if ( a < b)
銆銆x = a;
銆銆else
銆銆x = b;
銆銆38.璧嬪艱繍綆楃
銆銆鍗籌細" = "鍙婂叾鎵╁睍璧嬪艱繍綆楃
銆銆39.宸﹀?br>
銆銆鑳藉嚭鐜板湪璧嬪艱〃杈懼紡宸﹁竟鐨勮〃杈懼紡銆?br>
銆銆40.鍙沖?br>
銆銆鑳藉嚭鐜板湪璧嬪艱〃杈懼紡鍙寵竟鐨勮〃杈懼紡銆?br>
銆銆41.榪愮畻絎︾殑緇撳悎鎬?br>
銆銆鎸囪〃杈懼紡涓嚭鐜板悓絳変紭鍏堢駭鐨勬搷浣滅鏃惰鍏堝仛鍝釜鐨勮瀹氥?br>
銆銆42.浣嶈繍綆楃
銆銆" & "," | " , " ^ "錛? >> "錛? << "
銆銆43.閫楀彿榪愮畻絎?br>
銆銆鍗? 錛?"
銆銆44.閫昏緫榪愮畻絎?br>
銆銆" && ", " || " ," ! "
銆銆45.鍏崇郴榪愮畻絎?br>
銆銆">",">=","<=","< "," <= ","== "
銆銆46.new榪愮畻絎?br>
銆銆瀵硅薄鍒涘緩鐨勬搷浣滅銆?br>
銆銆47.delete榪愮畻絎?br>
銆銆瀵硅薄閲婃斁鎿嶄綔絎︼紝瑙﹀彂鏋愭瀯鍑芥暟銆?br>
銆銆48.鍐呭瓨娉勯湶
銆銆鎿嶄綔鍫嗗唴瀛樻椂錛屽鏋滃垎閰嶄簡鍐呭瓨錛屽氨鏈夎矗浠誨洖鏀跺畠錛屽惁鍒欒繖鍧楀唴瀛樺氨鏃犳硶閲嶆柊浣跨敤錛岀О涓哄唴瀛樻硠婕忋?br>
銆銆49.sizeof榪愮畻絎?br>
銆銆鑾峰緱瀵硅薄鍦ㄥ唴瀛樹腑鐨勯暱搴︼紝浠ュ瓧鑺備負鍗曚綅銆?br>
銆銆50.琛ㄨ揪寮?br>
銆銆鐢辨搷浣滅鍜屾爣璇嗙緇勫悎鑰屾垚錛屼駭鐢熶竴涓柊鐨勫箋?br>
銆銆51.綆楁湳琛ㄨ揪寮?br>
銆銆鐢ㄧ畻鏈繍綆楃鍜屾嫭鍙峰皢榪愮畻瀵硅薄(涔熺О鎿嶄綔鏁?榪炴帴璧鋒潵錛岀鍚圕++璇硶瑙勫垯鐨勫紡瀛愩?br>
銆銆52.鍏崇郴琛ㄨ揪寮?br>
銆銆鐢ㄥ叧緋昏繍綆楃鍜屾嫭鍙峰皢榪愮畻瀵硅薄(涔熺О鎿嶄綔鏁?榪炴帴璧鋒潵錛岀鍚圕++璇硶瑙勫垯鐨勫紡瀛愩?br>
銆銆53.閫昏緫琛ㄨ揪寮?br>
銆銆鐢ㄩ昏緫榪愮畻絎﹀拰鎷彿灝嗚繍綆楀璞?涔熺О鎿嶄綔鏁?榪炴帴璧鋒潵錛岀鍚圕++璇硶瑙勫垯鐨勫紡瀛愩?br>
銆銆54.璧嬪艱〃杈懼紡
銆銆鐢辮祴鍊艱繍綆楃灝嗕竴涓彉閲忓拰涓涓〃杈懼紡榪炴帴璧鋒潵錛岀鍚圕++璇硶瑙勫垯鐨勫紡瀛愩?br>
銆銆55.閫楀彿琛ㄨ揪寮?br>
銆銆鐢遍楀彿鎿嶄綔絎﹀皢鍑犱釜琛ㄨ揪寮忚繛鎺ヨ搗鏉ワ紝絎﹀悎C++璇硶瑙勫垯鐨勫紡瀛愩?br>
銆銆56.鏉′歡琛ㄨ揪寮?br>
銆銆鐢辨潯浠惰繍綆楃灝嗚繍綆楀璞¤繛鎺ヨ搗鏉ワ紝絎﹀悎C++璇硶瑙勫垯鐨勫紡瀛愩?br>
銆銆57.璇彞
銆銆鍦ㄥ嚱鏁頒腑鎺у埗紼嬪簭嫻佺▼鎵ц鐨勫熀鏈崟浣嶏紝濡俰f璇彞,while璇彞,switch璇彞, do璇彞, 琛ㄨ揪寮忚鍙ョ瓑銆?br>
銆銆58.澶嶅悎璇彞
銆銆灝侀棴浜庡ぇ鎷彿{}鍐呯殑璇彞搴忓垪銆?br>
銆銆59.寰幆璇彞
銆銆for 璇彞, while 璇彞, do 璇彞涓夌銆?br>
銆銆60.鏉′歡璇彞
銆銆鍩轟簬鏌愪竴鏉′歡鍦ㄤ袱涓夐」涓夋嫨鍏朵竴鐨勮鍙ョО涓烘潯浠惰鍙ャ?br>銆銆61.鎴愬憳鍑芥暟
銆銆鍦ㄧ被涓鏄庣殑鍑芥暟縐頒負鎴愬憳鍑芥暟銆?br>
銆銆62.鍏ㄥ眬鍑芥暟
銆銆瀹氫箟鍦ㄦ墍鏈夌被涔嬪鐨勫嚱鏁般?br>
銆銆63.main鍑芥暟
銆銆鐢辯郴緇熻嚜鍔ㄨ皟鐢ㄥ紑濮嬫墽琛孋++紼嬪簭鐨勭涓涓嚱鏁?br>
銆銆64.澶栭儴鍑芥暟
銆銆鍦ㄥ畾涔夊嚱鏁版椂錛屽鏋滃啝浠ュ叧閿瓧extern錛岃〃紺烘鍑芥暟鏄閮ㄥ嚱鏁般?br>
銆銆65.鍐呰仈鍑芥暟
銆銆鍦ㄥ嚱鏁板墠鍔犱笂鍏抽敭瀛梚nline璇存槑浜嗕竴涓唴鑱斿嚱鏁幫紝榪欎嬌涓涓嚱鏁板湪紼嬪簭琛岄噷榪涜浠g爜鎵╁睍鑰屼笉琚皟鐢ㄣ傝繖鏍風殑濂藉鏄噺灝戜簡鍑芥暟璋冪敤鐨勫紑閿錛屼駭鐢熻緝蹇殑鎵ц閫熷害銆備絾鏄敱浜庨噸澶嶇紪鐮佷細浜х敓杈冮暱浠g爜錛屾墍浠ュ唴鑱斿嚱鏁伴氬父閮介潪甯稿皬銆傚鏋滀竴涓嚱鏁板湪綾昏鏄庝腑瀹氫箟錛屽垯灝嗚嚜鍔ㄨ漿鎹㈡垚鍐呰仈鍑芥暟鑰屾棤闇鐢╥nline璇存槑銆?br>
銆銆66.鍑芥暟閲嶈澆
銆銆鍦ㄥ悓涓浣滅敤鍩熻寖鍥村唴錛岀浉鍚岀殑鍑芥暟鍚嶉氳繃涓嶅悓鐨勫弬鏁扮被鍨嬫垨鍙傛暟涓暟鍙互瀹氫箟鍑犱釜鍑芥暟錛岀紪璇戞椂緙栬瘧鍣ㄨ兘澶熻瘑鍒疄鍙傜殑涓暟鍜岀被鍨嬫潵鍐沖畾璇ヨ皟鐢ㄥ摢涓叿浣撳嚱鏁般傞渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄紝濡傛灉涓や釜鍑芥暟浠呬粎榪斿洖綾誨瀷涓嶅悓錛屽垯緙栬瘧鏃跺皢浼氬嚭閿欙紝鍥犱負榪斿洖綾誨瀷涓嶈凍浠ユ彁渚涜凍澶熺殑淇℃伅浠ヤ嬌緙栬瘧紼嬪簭鍒ゆ柇璇ヤ嬌鐢ㄥ摢涓嚱鏁般傛墍浠ュ嚱鏁伴噸杞芥椂蹇呴』鏄弬鏁扮被鍨嬫垨鑰呮暟閲忎笉鍚屻?br>
銆銆67.鍑芥暟瑕嗙洊
銆銆瀵瑰熀綾諱腑鐨勮櫄鍑芥暟錛屾淳鐢熺被浠ョ浉鍚岀殑鍑芥暟鍚嶅強鍙傛暟閲嶆柊瀹炵幇涔嬨?br>
銆銆68.鍑芥暟澹版槑
銆銆鍦–++涓紝鍑芥暟澹版槑灝辨槸鍑芥暟鍘熷瀷錛屽畠鏄竴鏉$▼搴忚鍙ワ紝鍗沖畠蹇呴』浠ュ垎鍙風粨鏉熴傚畠鏈夊嚱鏁拌繑鍥炵被鍨嬶紝鍑芥暟鍚嶅拰鍙傛暟鏋勬垚錛屽艦寮忎負錛?br>
銆銆榪斿洖綾誨瀷 function (鍙傛暟琛?;
銆銆鍙傛暟琛ㄥ寘鍚墍鏈夊弬鏁扮殑鏁版嵁綾誨瀷錛屽弬鏁頒箣闂寸敤閫楀彿鍒嗗紑銆傚涓嬪嚱鏁板0鏄庨兘鏄悎娉曠殑銆?br>
銆銆int Area(int length , int width ) ;
銆銆鎴?int Area ( int , int ) ;
銆銆69.鍑芥暟瀹氫箟
銆銆鍑芥暟瀹氫箟涓庡嚱鏁板0鏄庣浉瀵瑰簲錛屾寚鍑芥暟鐨勫叿浣撳疄鐜幫紝鍗沖寘鎷嚱鏁頒綋銆傚錛?br>
銆銆int Area( int length , int width )
銆銆{
銆銆// other program statement
銆銆}
銆銆70.鍑芥暟璋冪敤
銆銆鎸囧畾琚皟鐢ㄥ嚱鏁扮殑鍚嶅瓧鍜岃皟鐢ㄥ嚱鏁版墍闇鐨勪俊鎭?鍙傛暟)銆?br>
銆銆71.鍑芥暟鍚?br>
銆銆涓庡嚱鏁頒綋鐩稿錛屽嚱鏁拌皟鐢ㄦ椂寮曠敤涔?br>
銆銆72.鍑芥暟綾誨瀷
銆銆(1) 鑾峰彇鍑芥暟騫惰繑鍥炲箋?br>
銆銆(2) 鑾峰彇鍑芥暟浣嗕笉榪斿洖鍊箋?br>
銆銆(3) 娌℃湁鑾峰彇鍙傛暟浣嗚繑鍥炲箋?br>
銆銆(4) 娌℃湁鑾峰彇鍙傛暟涔熶笉榪斿洖鍊箋?br>
銆銆73.褰㈠紡鍙傛暟
銆銆鍑芥暟涓渶瑕佷嬌鐢ㄥ彉鍏冩椂錛屽皢鍦ㄥ嚱鏁板畾涔夋椂璇存槑闇瑕佹帴鍙楃殑鍙樺厓錛岃繖浜涘彉鍏冪О涓哄艦寮忓弬鏁般傚艦寮忓弬鏁板搴斾簬鍑芥暟瀹氫箟鏃剁殑鍙傛暟璇存槑銆傚叾浣跨敤涓庡眬閮ㄥ彉閲忕被浼箋?br>
銆銆74.瀹為檯鍙傛暟
銆銆褰撻渶瑕佽皟鐢ㄥ嚱鏁版椂錛屽搴旇鍑芥暟闇瑕佺殑鍙樺厓鎵緇欏嚭鐨勬暟鎹О涓哄疄闄呭弬鏁般?br>
銆銆75.鍊間紶閫?br>
銆銆鍑芥暟璋冪敤鏃跺艦鍙備粎寰楀埌瀹炲弬鐨勫鹼紝璋冪敤緇撴灉涓嶄細鏀瑰彉瀹炲弬鐨勫箋?br>
銆銆76.寮曠敤浼犻?br>
銆銆鍑芥暟璋冪敤鏃跺艦鍙備負瀹炲弬鐨勫紩鐢紝璋冪敤緇撴灉浼氭敼鍙樺疄鍙傜殑鍊箋?br>
銆銆77.閫掑綊
銆銆鍑芥暟鐨勮嚜鎴戣皟鐢ㄧО涓洪掑綊銆傛瘡嬈¤皟鐢ㄦ槸搴旇鏈変笉鍚岀殑鍙傛暟錛岃繖鏍烽掑綊鎵嶈兘緇堟銆?br>
銆銆78.鍑芥暟浣?br>
銆銆涓庡嚱鏁板悕鐩稿錛屾寚鍑芥暟鏈澶栬竟鐢眥}鎷搗鏉ョ殑閮ㄥ垎銆?br>
銆銆79.浣滅敤鍩?br>
銆銆鎸囨爣璇嗙鍦ㄧ▼搴忎腑鏈夋晥鐨勮寖鍥達紝涓庡0鏄庝綅緗湁鍏籌紝浣滅敤鍩熷紑濮嬩簬鏍囪瘑絎︾殑鐢熷懡澶勩傚垎錛氬眬閮ㄤ綔鐢ㄥ煙錛屽嚱鏁頒綔鐢ㄥ煙錛屽嚱鏁板師鍨嬩綔鐢ㄥ煙錛屾枃浠朵綔鐢ㄥ煙錛岀被浣滅敤鍩熴?br>
銆銆80.灞閮ㄤ綔鐢ㄥ煙
銆銆褰撴爣璇嗙鐨勫0鏄庡嚭鐜板湪鐢變竴瀵硅姳鎷彿鎵鎷搗鏉ョ殑涓孌電▼搴忓唴鏃訛紝璇ユ爣紺虹鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ煙浠庡0鏄庣偣寮濮嬪埌鍧楃粨鏉熷涓烘錛屾浣滅敤鍩熺殑鑼冨洿鍏鋒湁灞閮ㄦс?br>
銆銆81.鍏ㄥ眬浣滅敤鍩?br>
銆銆鏍囪瘑絎︾殑澹版槑鍑虹幇鍦ㄥ嚱鏁幫紝綾諱箣澶栵紝鍏鋒湁鍏ㄥ眬鎬с?br>
銆銆82.綾諱綔鐢ㄥ煙
銆銆鎸囩被瀹氫箟鍜岀浉搴旂殑鎴愬憳鍑芥暟瀹氫箟鑼冨洿銆?br>
銆銆83.鍏ㄥ眬鍙橀噺
銆銆瀹氫箟鍦ㄤ換浣曞嚱鏁頒箣澶栵紝鍙互琚換涓妯″潡浣跨敤錛屽湪鏁翠釜紼嬪簭鎵ц鏈熼棿淇濇寔鏈夋晥銆傚綋鍑犱釜鍑芥暟瑕佸叡浜悓涓鏁版嵁鏃跺叏灞鍙橀噺灝嗗崄鍒嗘湁鏁堬紝浣嗘槸浣跨敤鍏ㄥ眬鍙橀噺鏄湁涓瀹氬紛绔殑錛氬叏灞鍙橀噺灝嗗湪鏁翠釜紼嬪簭鎵ц鏈熼棿鍗犳湁鎵ц絀洪棿錛屽嵆浣垮畠鍙湪灝戞暟鏃墮棿琚敤鍒?澶ч噺浣跨敤鍏ㄥ眬鍙橀噺灝嗗鑷寸▼搴忔販涔憋紝鐗瑰埆鏄湪紼嬪簭杈冨鏉傛椂鍙兘寮曡搗閿欒銆?br>
銆銆84.灞閮ㄥ彉閲?br>
銆銆瀹氫箟鍦ㄥ嚱鏁板唴閮ㄧ殑鍙橀噺銆傚眬閮ㄥ彉閲忓彧鍦ㄥ畾涔夊畠鐨勬ā鍧楀唴閮ㄨ搗浣滅敤錛屽綋璇ユ浠g爜緇撴潫錛岃繖涓彉閲忓氨涓嶅瓨鍦ㄤ簡銆備篃灝辨槸璇翠竴涓眬閮ㄥ彉閲忕殑鐢熷懡鏈熷氨鏄畠鎵鍦ㄧ殑浠g爜鍧楃殑鎵ц鏈燂紝鑰屽綋榪欐浠g爜鍐嶆琚墽琛屾椂璇ュ眬閮ㄥ彉閲忓皢閲嶆柊琚垵濮嬪寲鑰屼笉浼氫繚鎸佷笂涓嬈$殑鍊箋傞渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄紝濡傛灉涓葷▼搴忓拰瀹冪殑涓涓嚱鏁版湁閲嶅悕鐨勫彉閲忥紝褰撳嚱鏁拌璋冪敤鏃惰繖涓彉閲忓悕鍙唬琛ㄥ綋鍓嶅嚱鏁頒腑鐨勫彉閲忥紝鑰屼笉浼氬獎鍝嶄富紼嬪簭涓殑鍚屽悕鍙橀噺銆?br>
銆銆85.鑷姩鍙橀噺
銆銆鐢盿uto淇グ錛屽姩鎬佸垎閰嶅瓨鍌ㄧ┖闂達紝瀛樺偍鍦ㄥ姩鎬佸瓨鍌ㄥ尯涓紝瀵逛粬浠垎閰嶅拰閲婃斁瀛樺偍絀洪棿鐨勫伐浣滄槸鐢辯紪璇戠郴緇熻嚜鍔ㄥ鐞嗙殑銆?br>
銆銆86.瀵勫瓨鍣ㄥ彉閲?br>
銆銆瀛樺偍鍦ㄨ繍綆楀櫒涓殑瀵勫瓨鍣ㄩ噷鐨勫彉閲忥紝鍙彁楂樻墽琛屾晥鐜囥?br>
銆銆87.闈欐佸彉閲?br>
銆銆鐢辮繛鎺ュ櫒鍒嗛厤鍦ㄩ潤鎬佸唴瀛樹腑鐨勫彉閲忋?br>
銆銆88.綾?br>
銆銆涓縐嶇敤鎴瘋嚜瀹氫箟綾誨瀷錛屾湁鎴愬憳鏁版嵁錛屾垚鍛樺嚱鏁幫紝鎴愬憳甯擱噺錛屾垚鍛樼被鍨嬬粍鎴愩傜被鏄弿鍙機++姒傚康鐨勪笁涓熀鏈満鍒朵箣涓銆?br>
銆銆89.澶栭儴鍙橀噺
銆銆鐢眅xtern淇グ鐨勫彉閲?br>
銆銆90.鍫?br>
銆銆鍗寵嚜鐢卞瓨鍌ㄥ尯錛宯ew 鍜宒elete 閮芥槸鍦ㄨ繖閲屽垎閰嶅拰閲婃斁鍐呭瓨鍧椼?br>
銆銆91.鏍?br>
銆銆鏈変袱涓惈涔夛細(1)鎸囧唴瀛樹腑涓哄嚱鏁扮淮鎶ゅ眬閮ㄥ彉閲忕殑鍖哄煙銆?2)鎸囧厛榪涘悗澶勭殑搴忓垪銆?br>
銆銆92.鎶借薄綾?br>
銆銆鑷沖皯鍖呭惈涓涓函铏氬嚱鏁扮殑綾匯傛娊璞$被涓嶈兘鍒涘緩瀵硅薄錛屼絾鍙互鍒涘緩鎸囧悜鎶借薄綾葷殑鎸囬拡錛屽鎬佹満鍒跺皢鏍規嵁鍩虹被鎸囬拡閫夋嫨鐩稿簲鐨勮櫄鍑芥暟銆?br>
銆銆93.宓屽綾?br>
銆銆鍦ㄤ竴涓被閲屽彲浠ュ畾涔夊彟涓涓被錛岃宓屽叆綾誨彧鍦ㄥ畾涔夊畠鐨勭被鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ煙閲屾湁鏁堛?br>
銆銆94.灞閮ㄧ被
銆銆鍦ㄥ嚱鏁頒腑瀹氫箟鐨勭被銆傛敞鎰忓湪鍑芥暟澶栬繖涓眬閮ㄧ被鏄笉鍙煡鐨勩傜敱浜庡眬閮ㄧ被鐨勮鏄庢湁寰堝闄愬埗錛屾墍浠ュ茍涓嶅父瑙併?br>
銆銆95.鍩虹被
銆銆琚戶鎵跨殑綾葷О涓哄熀綾伙紝鍙堢О鐖剁被銆佽秴綾繪垨鑼冨寲綾匯傚畠鏄竴浜涘叡鏈夌壒鎬х殑闆嗗悎錛屽彲浠ユ湁鍏跺畠綾葷戶鎵垮畠錛岃繖浜涚被鍙鍔犲畠浠嫭鏈夌殑鐗規с?br>
銆銆96.媧劇敓綾?br>
銆銆緇ф壙鐨勭被縐頒負媧劇敓綾匯傛淳鐢熺被鍙互鐢ㄦ潵浣滀負鍙︿竴涓淳鐢熺被鐨勫熀綾伙紝瀹炵幇澶氶噸緇ф壙銆備竴涓淳鐢熺被涔熷彲浠ユ湁涓や釜鎴栦袱涓互涓婄殑鍩虹被銆傚畾涔夋椂鍦ㄧ被鍚嶅悗鍔?錛氳緇ф壙綾誨悕"鍗沖彲銆?br>
銆銆97.鐖剁被
銆銆鍗沖熀綾匯傝95鍩虹被鐨勮В閲娿?br>
銆銆98.瀛愮被
銆銆鍗蟲淳鐢熺被銆傝96媧劇敓綾葷殑瑙i噴銆?br>
銆銆99.瀵硅薄
銆銆鏈変袱閲嶅惈涔夛細
銆銆1. 鍐呭瓨涓惈鏈夋煇縐嶆暟鎹被鍨嬪肩殑閭昏繎鐨勫尯鍩熴?br>
銆銆2. 鏌愮鏁版嵁綾誨瀷鐨勫懡鍚嶇殑鎴栨湭鍛藉悕鐨勫彉閲忋備竴涓嫢鏈夋瀯閫犲嚱鏁扮殑綾誨瀷瀵硅薄鍦ㄦ瀯閫犲嚱鏁板畬鎴愭瀯閫犱箣鍓嶄笉鑳借涓烘槸涓涓璞★紝鍦ㄦ瀽鏋勫嚱鏁板畬鎴愭瀽鏋勪互鍚庝篃涓嶅啀璁や負瀹冩槸涓涓璞°?br>
銆銆100. 鏁版嵁鎴愬憳
銆銆鎸囩被涓瓨鍌ㄦ暟鎹殑鍙橀噺銆?br>
銆銆101.瀹炰緥鍖?br>
銆銆鍗沖緩绔嬬被鐨勪竴涓璞°?br>
銆銆102.鏋勯犲嚱鏁?br>
銆銆鏄竴涓被鐨勫疄渚嬬殑鍒濆鍖栧嚱鏁幫紝灝嗗湪鐢熸垚綾葷殑瀹炰緥鏃惰鑷姩璋冪敤錛岀敤浜庡畬鎴愰鍏堢殑鍒濆鍖栧伐浣溿備竴涓被鍙互鏈夊嚑涓瀯閫犲嚱鏁幫紝浠ヤ笉鍚岀殑鍙傛暟鏉ュ尯鍒紝鍗蟲瀯閫犲嚱鏁板彲浠ヨ閲嶈澆錛屼互渚夸笉鍚岀殑鎯呭喌涓嬩駭鐢熶笉鍚岀殑鍒濆鍖?涔熷彲浠ユ病鏈夋瀯閫犲嚱鏁幫紝姝ゆ椂緋葷粺灝嗚皟鐢ㄧ己鐪佺殑絀烘瀯閫犲嚱鏁般傞渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄瀯閫犲嚱鏁版病鏈夎繑鍥炵被鍨嬨?br>
銆銆103.鎴愬憳鍒濆鍖栬〃
銆銆鎴愬憳鍒濆鍖栬〃鍙敤浜庡垵濮嬪寲綾諱腑鐨勪換浣曟暟鎹垚鍛橈紝鏀懼湪鏋勯犲嚱鏁板ご涓庢瀯閫犲嚱鏁頒綋涔嬮棿錛岀敤"錛?涓庢瀯閫犲嚱鏁板ご鍒嗗紑錛岃鍒濆鍖栫殑鏁版嵁鎴愬憳鐨勫煎嚭鐜板湪涓瀵規嫭寮т箣闂達紝瀹冧滑涔嬮棿鐢ㄩ楀彿鍒嗗紑銆?br>
銆銆104.鏋愭瀯鍑芥暟
銆銆鏄竴涓被鐨勫疄渚嬬殑鍥炴敹鍑芥暟錛屽皢鍦ㄨ瀹炰緥緇撴潫浣跨敤鍓嶈鑷姩璋冪敤錛岀敤浜庡畬鎴愯祫婧愮殑閲婃斁銆備竴涓被鍙彲浠ユ湁涓涓瀽鏋勫嚱鏁幫紝褰撴瀽鏋勫嚱鏁版墽琛屽悗,璇ュ疄渚嬪皢涓嶅瀛樺湪銆傛瀽鏋勫嚱鏁板悓鏍鋒病鏈夎繑鍥炲箋?br>
銆銆105.铏氭瀽鏋勫嚱鏁?br>
銆銆鐢眝irtual 淇グ鐨勬瀽鏋勫嚱鏁幫紝褰撶敤鍩虹被鎸囬拡閲婃斁媧劇敓綾誨璞℃椂鍙牴鎹畠鎵鎸囧悜鐨勬淳鐢熺被瀵硅薄閲婃斁鍑嗙‘鐨勫璞°?br>
銆銆106.緇ф壙
銆銆闈㈠悜瀵硅薄鐨勭▼搴忚璁¤璦鐨勭壒鐐逛箣涓銆傚嵆涓涓璞¤幏寰楀彟涓涓璞$殑鐗規х殑榪囩▼銆傚灝嗗叕鍏卞睘鎬у拰鏈嶅姟鏀懼埌鍩虹被涓紝鑰屽畠鐨勫悇媧劇敓綾婚櫎浜嗘湁鍚勮嚜鐨勭壒鏈夊睘鎬у拰鏈嶅姟澶栬繕鍙互鍏變韓鍩虹被鐨勫叕鍏卞睘鎬у拰鏈嶅姟銆傝繖鏍風殑濂藉鏄鏄撳緩绔嬩綋緋伙紝澧炲己浠g爜閲嶅鎬с?br>
銆銆107.鍗曠戶鎵?br>
銆銆涓涓淳鐢熺被鍙湁涓涓熀綾伙紝鎴愪負鍗曠戶鎵褲?br>
銆銆108.閲嶇戶鎵?br>
銆銆涓涓淳鐢熺被鎷ユ湁澶氫釜鍩虹被錛屾垚涓哄緇ф壙銆?br>
銆銆109.铏氬嚱鏁?br>
銆銆鍦ㄥ熀綾諱腑璇存槑涓簐irtual騫跺湪媧劇敓綾諱腑閲嶅畾涔夌殑鍑芥暟銆傞噸瀹氫箟灝嗗拷鐣ュ熀綾諱腑鐨勫嚱鏁板畾涔夛紝鎸囨槑浜嗗嚱鏁版墽琛岀殑瀹為檯鎿嶄綔銆傚綋涓涓熀綾繪寚閽堟寚鍚戝寘鍚櫄鍑芥暟鐨勬淳鐢熷璞℃椂錛孋++灝嗘牴鎹寚閽堟寚鍚戠殑瀵硅薄綾誨瀷鏉ュ喅瀹氳皟鐢ㄥ摢涓涓嚱鏁幫紝瀹炵幇浜嗚繍琛屾椂鐨勫鎬佹с傝繖閲岀殑閲嶅畾涔夌被浼間簬鍑芥暟閲嶈澆錛屼笉鍚岀殑鏄噸瀹氫箟鐨勮櫄鍑芥暟鐨勫師鍨嬪繀欏誨拰鍩虹被涓寚瀹氱殑鍑芥暟鍘熷瀷瀹屽叏鍖歸厤銆傛瀯閫犲嚱鏁頒笉鑳芥槸铏氬嚱鏁幫紝鑰屾瀽鏋勫嚱鏁板垯鍙互鏄?br>
銆銆110.綰櫄鍑芥暟
銆銆鍦ㄥ熀綾諱腑鍙湁澹版槑娌℃湁瀹炵幇鐨勮櫄鍑芥暟銆傚艦寮忎負錛?br>
銆銆virtual type funname(paralist)=0銆傝繖鏃跺熀鍑芥暟鍙彁渚涙淳鐢熺被浣跨敤鐨勬帴鍙o紝浠諱綍綾昏浣跨敤蹇呴』緇欏嚭鑷繁鐨勫畾涔夈?br>
銆銆111.澶氭佹?br>
銆銆緇欎笉鍚岀被鍨嬬殑瀹炰綋鎻愪緵鍗曚竴鎺ュ彛銆傝櫄鍑芥暟閫氳繃鍩虹被鎺ュ彛瀹炵幇鍔ㄦ佸鎬佹э紝閲嶈澆鍑芥暟鍜屾ā鏉挎彁渚涗簡闈欐佸鎬佹с?br>
銆銆112.澶嶅埗鏋勯犲嚱鏁?br>
銆銆浠ヨ嚜韜被瀵硅薄涓哄弬鏁扮殑鏋勯犲嚱鏁幫紝濡俍::Z(const Z&). 鐢ㄥ湪鍚岀被瀵硅薄闂磋繘琛屽垵濮嬪寲銆?br>
銆銆113.榪愮畻絎﹂噸杞?br>
銆銆C++涓彲浠ラ噸杞藉弻鐩?濡?錛?#215;絳?鍜屽崟鐩?濡?+)鎿嶄綔絎︼紝榪欐牱鍙互浣跨敤鎴峰儚浣跨敤鍩烘湰鏁版嵁綾誨瀷閭f牱瀵硅嚜瀹氫箟綾誨瀷(綾?鐨勫彉閲忚繘琛屾搷浣滐紝澧炲己浜嗙▼搴忕殑鍙鎬с傚綋涓涓繍綆楃琚噸杞藉悗錛屽畠灝嗗叿鏈夊拰鏌愪釜綾葷浉鍏崇殑鍚箟錛屽悓鏃朵粛灝嗕繚鎸佸師鏈夊惈涔夈?br>
銆銆114.闈欐佹垚鍛樺嚱鏁?br>
銆銆鎴愬憳鍑芥暟閫氳繃鍓嶉潰鍔爏tatic璇存槑涓洪潤鎬佺殑錛屼絾鏄潤鎬佹垚鍛樺嚱鏁板彧鑳藉瓨鍙栫被鐨勫叾浠栭潤鎬佹垚鍛橈紝鑰屼笖娌℃湁this鎸囬拡銆傞潤鎬佹垚鍛樺嚱鏁板彲浠ョ敤鏉ュ湪鍒涘緩瀵硅薄鍓嶉鍒濆鍖栦笓鏈夌殑闈欐佹暟鎹?br>
銆銆115.闈欐佹垚鍛樺彉閲?br>
銆銆鍦ㄦ垚鍛樺彉閲忎箣鍓嶅姞static鍏抽敭瀛楀皢浣胯鍙橀噺縐頒負闈欐佹垚鍛樺彉閲忥紝璇ョ被鎵鏈夌殑瀵硅薄灝嗗叡浜繖涓彉閲忕殑鍚屼竴鎷瘋礉銆傚綋瀵硅薄鍒涘緩鏃訛紝鎵鏈夐潤鎬佸彉閲忓彧鑳借鍒濆鍖栦負0銆備嬌鐢ㄩ潤鎬佹垚鍛樺彉閲忓彲浠ュ彇浠e叏灞鍙橀噺錛屽洜涓哄叏灞鍙橀噺鏄繚鑳岄潰鍚戝璞$殑紼嬪簭璁捐鐨勫皝瑁呮х殑銆?br>
銆銆116.縐佹湁鎴愬憳
銆銆鍙兘鐢辮嚜韜被璁塊棶鐨勬垚鍛樸?br>
銆銆117.淇濇姢鎴愬憳
銆銆鍙兘鐢辮嚜韜被鍙婂叾媧劇敓綾昏闂殑鎴愬憳銆?br>
銆銆118.鍙嬪厓
銆銆琚煇綾繪槑紜巿鏉冨彲璁塊棶鍏舵垚鍛樼殑鍑芥暟鍜岀被銆?br>
銆銆119.鍙嬪厓鍑芥暟
銆銆鍦ㄥ嚱鏁板墠鍔犱笂鍏抽敭瀛梖riend鍗寵鏄庝簡涓涓弸鍏冨嚱鏁幫紝鍙嬪厓鍑芥暟鍙互瀛樺彇綾葷殑鎵鏈夌鏈夊拰淇濇姢鎴愬憳銆傚弸鍏冨湪閲嶈澆榪愮畻絎︽椂鏈夋椂鏄緢鏈夌敤鐨勩?br>
銆銆120.鍙嬪厓綾?br>
銆銆琚煇綾繪槑紜巿鏉冨彲璁塊棶鍏舵垚鍛樼殑綾?br>
銆銆121.渚嬪澶勭悊
銆銆鎶ュ憡灞閮ㄦ棤娉曞鐞嗘煇閿欒鐨勫熀鏈柟寮忋傜敱try.錛?throw , catch緇勬垚銆?br>
銆銆122.鏂囦歡
銆銆鏄敤浜庝粠紓佺洏鏂囦歡鍒扮粓绔垨鎵撳嵃鏈虹殑浠諱綍涓滆タ銆傛祦閫氳繃瀹屾垚鎵撳紑鎿嶄綔涓庢煇鏂囦歡寤虹珛鑱旂郴銆?br>
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