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鏍奸瞾甯?/p>
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鍐沖畾涓栫晫鍘嗗彶鐨勪竴鐬棿
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鏍奸瞾甯岀殑閮ㄩ槦緇х畫(huà)寰鍓嶈蛋銆傞殢鐫涓灝忔椂涓灝忔椂鐨勮繃鍘伙紝鏍奸瞾甯岃秺鏉ヨ秺娌℃湁鎶婃彙錛屽洜涓轟護(hù)浜哄鎬殑鏄紝鏅啗濮嬬粓娌℃湁鍑虹幇銆傛樉鐒?dòng)灱屼粬浠浾d紑浜?jiǎn)閫寰甯冮瞾濉炲皵鍘葷殑鏂瑰悜銆傛帴鐫錛屾儏鎶ヤ漢鍛樻姤鍛婁簡(jiǎn)縐嶇鍙枒鐨勮抗璞★紝璇存槑鏅啗鍦ㄦ挙閫榪囩▼涓凡鍒嗗嚑璺漿縐誨埌浜?jiǎn)姝e湪婵鎴樼殑鎴樺満銆傚鏋滆繖鏃跺欐牸椴佸笇璧剁揣鐜囬闃熶紞鍘誨鎻寸殗甯濓紝榪樻槸鏉ュ緱鍙?qiáng)鐨勩備絾浠栧彧鏄鐫鎰堟潵鎰堜笉瀹夌殑蹇?jī)鎯呭Q岀戶緇瓑寰呯潃娑堟伅錛岀瓑寰呯潃鐨囧笣瑕佷粬榪斿洖鐨勫懡浠ゃ傚彲鏄病鏈夋秷鎭潵銆傚彧鏈変綆娌夌殑闅嗛殕鐐0闇囬ⅳ鐫澶у湴錛岀偖澹板嵈鎰堟潵鎰堣繙銆傚娉ㄤ竴鎺風(fēng)殑婊戦搧鍗㈡悘鏂楁鍦ㄨ繘琛岋紝鐐脊渚挎槸鎶曚笅鏉ョ殑閾侀瀛愩?/p>
婊戦搧鍗㈢殑涓嬪崍
鏃墮棿宸茬粡鍒頒簡(jiǎn)涓嬪崍涓鐐歸挓銆傛嬁鐮翠粦鐨勫洓嬈¤繘鏀昏櫧鐒惰鍑婚涓嬫潵錛屼絾濞佺伒欏夸富闃靛湴鐨勯槻綰挎樉鐒朵篃鍑虹幇浜?jiǎn)绌洪殭銆傛嬁鐮翠粦姝e噯澶囧彂璧蜂竴嬈″喅瀹氭х殑鏀誨嚮銆傝繖鏃訛紝浠栧彂鐜頒笢鍖楁柟鍚戞湁涓鑲¢粦鐨勪漢緹よ繋闈㈠鏉ャ備竴鏀柊鐨勯儴闃燂紒
鎵鏈夌殑鏈涜繙闀滈兘绔嬪埢瀵瑰噯鐫榪欎釜鏂瑰悜銆傞毦閬撴槸鏍奸瞾甯屽ぇ鑳嗗湴榪濊儗鍛戒護(hù)錛屽榪硅埇鍦板強(qiáng)鏃惰刀鍒頒簡(jiǎn)錛熷彲鏄笉錛佷竴涓甫涓婃潵鐨勪繕铏忔姤鍛婅錛岃繖鏄竷鍚曟瓏灝?dāng)灏嗗啗鐨勫墠鍗儴闃熷Q屾槸鏅瞾澹啗闃熴傛鍒伙紝鐨囧笣絎竴嬈¢鎰熷埌錛岄偅鏀鍑?yán)L簝鐨勬櫘鍐涗負(fù)浜?jiǎn)鎶㈠厛涓庤嫳鍐涗細(xì)鍚堝Q屽凡鎽嗚劚浜?jiǎn)杩藉嚮锛涜屼粬鈥斺旀嬁鐮翠粦鑷繁鍗寸敤浜?jiǎn)涓夊垎涔嬩竴鐨勫叺鍔涘湪絀哄湴涓婁綔姣棤鐢ㄥ銆佸け鍘葷洰鏍囩殑榪愬姩銆備粬绔嬪嵆緇欐牸椴佸笇鍐欎簡(jiǎn)涓灝佷俊錛屽懡浠や粬涓嶆儨涓鍒囦唬浠瘋刀绱т笌鑷繁闈犳嫝錛屽茍闃繪鏅啗鍚戝▉鐏甸】鐨勬垬鍦洪泦緇撱?/p>
涓庢鍚屾椂錛屽唴浼婂厓甯呭張鎺ュ埌浜?jiǎn)杩涙斎潥勫懡渥o(hù)銆傚繀欏誨湪鏅啗鍒拌揪浠ュ墠姝肩伃濞佺伒欏塊儴闃熴傛暣涓笅鍗堬紝鍚戝▉鐏甸】鐨勯珮鍦板彂璧蜂簡(jiǎn)涓嬈″張涓嬈$殑鍐查攱銆傛垬鏂椾竴嬈℃瘮涓嬈℃畫(huà)閰鳳紝鎶曞叆鐨勬鍏典竴嬈℃瘮涓嬈″銆備絾鏄▉鐏甸】渚濇棫宀跨劧涓嶅姩銆傝屾牸椴佸笇閭h竟鍗村緇堟病鏈夋秷鎭潵銆傚唴浼婂厓甯呭凡鍐沖畾鎶婂叏閮ㄩ槦浼嶉兘鎷変笂鍘伙紝鍐充竴姝繪垬銆備簬鏄紝1涓囧悕孌婃涓鎴樼殑鐩旂敳楠戝叺鍜屾楠戝叺韙╃儌浜?jiǎn)鑻卞啗鐨勬枤w樀錛岀爫姝諱簡(jiǎn)鑻卞啗鐨勭偖鎵嬶紝鍐茬牬浜?jiǎn)鑻卞啗鐨勬渶鍒濆嚑閬撻槻綰褲傝櫧鐒朵粬浠嚜宸卞啀嬈¤榪挙閫錛屼絾鑻卞啗鐨勬垬鏂楀姏宸叉繏浜庢畣灝姐傚北澶翠笂鍍忕畭妗朵技鐨勪弗瀵嗛槻綰垮紑濮嬫澗鏁d簡(jiǎn)銆傚綋鍙楀埌閲嶅ぇ浼や骸鐨勬硶鍐涢獞鍏佃鐐伀鍑婚涓嬫潵鏃訛紝鎷跨牬浠戠殑鏈鍚庨澶囬槦鈥斺旇佽繎鍗啗姝f灞ヨ壈闅懼湴鍚戝北澶磋繘鏀匯傛媧茬殑鍛借繍鍏ㄧ郴鍦ㄨ兘鍚︽敾鍗犺繖涓灞卞ご涓娿?/p>
鍐蟲(chóng)垬
鑷笂鍗堜互鏉ワ紝鍙屾柟鐨?00闂ㄥぇ鐐笉鍋滃湴杞板嚮鐫銆傚墠綰垮搷褰婚獞鍏甸槦鍚戝紑鐏殑鏂歸樀鍐叉潃鐨勯搧?lái)y勫0銆備粠鍥涢潰鍏柟浼犳潵鐨勫啲鍐垬榧撳0錛岄渿鑰蟲(chóng)鑱嬶紝鏁翠釜騫沖師閮藉湪棰ゅ姩錛佷絾鏄湪鍙屾柟鐨勫北澶翠笂錛屽弻鏂圭殑緇熷竻浼間箮閮藉惉涓嶈榪欏槇鏉傜殑浜哄0銆備粬浠彧鏄懼惉鐫鏇翠負(fù)寰急鐨勫0闊熾?/p>
涓ゅ彧琛ㄥ湪鍙屾柟鐨勭粺甯呮墜涓紝鍍忓皬楦熺殑蹇?jī)鑴忎技鐨勫湪鍢鍡掑榾鍡掑湴鍝嶃傝繖杞昏交鐨勯挓琛ㄥ0瓚呰繃鎵鏈夐渿澶╃殑鍚煎彨澹般傛嬁鐮翠粦鍜屽▉鐏甸】鍚勮嚜鎷跨潃鑷繁鐨勮鏃跺櫒錛屾暟鐫姣忎竴灝忔椂錛屾瘡涓鍒嗛挓錛岃綆楃潃榪樻湁澶氬皯鏃墮棿錛屾渶鍚庣殑鍐沖畾鎬х殑澧炴彺閮ㄩ槦灝辮鍒拌揪浜?jiǎn)銆傚▉鐏甸】鐭ラ亾甯冨悤姝囧皵灝卞湪闄勮繎銆傝屾嬁鐮翠粦鍒欏笇鏈涙牸椴佸笇涔熷湪闄勮繎銆傜幇鍦ㄥ弻鏂歸兘宸叉病鏈夊悗澶囬儴闃熶簡(jiǎn)銆傝皝鐨勫鎻撮儴闃熷厛鍒幫紝璋佸氨璧㈠緱榪欐鎴樺焦鐨勮儨鍒┿?/p>
鏅啗鐨勪晶緲肩粓浜庡搷璧蜂簡(jiǎn)鏋嚮澹般傛嬁鐮翠粦娣辨繁鍦板惛浜?jiǎn)涓鍙f皵錛?#8220;鏍奸瞾甯岀粓浜庢潵浜?jiǎn)锛?#8221;浠栦互涓鴻嚜宸辯殑渚х考鐜板湪宸叉湁浜?jiǎn)淇濇姢锛屼簬鏄泦涓簡(jiǎn)鏈鍚庡墿涓嬬殑鍏ㄩ儴鍏靛姏錛屽悜濞佺伒欏跨殑涓婚樀鍦板啀嬈″彂璧鋒敾鍑匯傝繖涓婚樀鍦板氨鏄竷椴佸灝?dāng)鐨勯棬闂╁Q屽繀欏誨皢瀹冩懅姣侊紝榪欎富闃靛湴灝辨槸嬈ф床鐨勫ぇ闂紝蹇呴』灝嗗畠鍐茬牬銆?/p>
鐒惰屽垰鎵嶉偅涓闃墊灙澹頒粎浠呮槸涓鍦鴻浼?xì)銆傜敱浜庢眽璇哄▉鍏靛洟絀跨潃鍒牱鐨勫啗瑁咃紝鍓嶆潵鐨勬櫘鍐涘悜姹夎濞佸+鍏靛紑浜?jiǎn)鏋備絾榪欏満璇細(xì)鐨勯伃閬囨垬寰堝揩灝卞仠姝簡(jiǎn)銆傜幇鍦紝鏅啗鐨勫ぇ鎵逛漢椹鏃犻樆鎸″湴銆佹旦嫻╄崱鑽″湴浠庢爲(wèi)鏋楅噷絀垮嚭鏉ャ傚巹榪愬氨姝ら檷涓翠簡(jiǎn)銆傝繖涓娑堟伅椋炲揩鍦板湪鎷跨牬浠戠殑閮ㄩ槦涓紶寮銆傞儴闃熷紑濮嬮鍗淬傛墍鏈夊墿涓嬬殑鑻卞啗涓涓嬪瓙鍏ㄩ兘璺冭韓鑰岃搗錛屽悜鐫婧冮鐨勬晫浜哄啿鍘匯備笌姝ゅ悓鏃訛紝鏅瞾澹獞鍏典篃浠庝晶闈㈠悜浠撶殗閫冪獪銆佺柌浜庡鍛界殑娉曞啗鍐叉潃榪囧幓銆?/p>
浠呬粎鍑犲垎閽熺殑宸ュか錛岃繖鏀但璧啗濞佺殑閮ㄩ槦鍙樻垚浜?jiǎn)涓鑲¤浜洪┍璧剁殑鎶卞ご榧犵獪銆佹儕鎱屽け鎺殑浜烘祦銆傚湪涓鐗囨儕鎭愮殑娣蜂貢鍙枈澹頒腑錛屼粬浠交鑰屾槗涓懼湴鎹曡幏浜?jiǎn)鎷跨牬浠戠殑灞M鐢ㄩ┈杞﹀拰鍏ㄥ啗鐨勮吹閲嶈儲(chǔ)鐗╋紝淇樿檹浜?jiǎn)鍏ㄩ儴鐐咟c(diǎn)傚彧鏄敱浜庨粦澶滅殑闄嶄復(fù)錛屾墠鎷晳浜?jiǎn)鎷跨牬浠戠殑鎬у懡鍜岃嚜鐢便備竴鐩村埌鍗婂錛屾弧韜薄鍨€佸ご鏄忕洰鐪╃殑鎷跨牬浠戞墠鍦ㄤ竴瀹朵綆鐭殑涔℃潙瀹㈠簵閲岋紝鐤插﹀湴韜哄潗鍦ㄦ壎鎵嬭蔣妞呬笂錛岃繖鏃訛紝浠栧凡涓嶅啀鏄釜鐨囧笣浜?jiǎn)銆備粬鐨勫笣鍥姐佷粬鐨勭殗鏈濄佷粬鐨勫懡榪愬叏瀹屼簡(jiǎn)銆備竴涓井涓嶈凍閬撶殑灝忎漢鐗╃殑鎬嚘姣佸潖浜?jiǎn)浠枠q欎釜鏈鏈夎儐璇嗐佹渶鏈夎繙瑙佺殑浜虹墿鍦?0騫撮噷鎵寤虹珛璧鋒潵鐨勫叏閮ㄨ嫳闆勪笟緇┿?/p>
閭e叧閿殑涓縐掗挓灝辨槸榪欐牱榪涜浜?jiǎn)鍙曠殑鎶ュ銆傚湪灝樹(shù)笘鐢熸椿涓紝榪欐牱鐨勪竴鐬棿鏄緢灝戦檷涓寸殑銆傚綋瀹冩棤鎰忎箣涓檷涓村埌涓涓漢韜笂鏃訛紝浠栧嵈涓嶇煡濡備綍鍒╃敤瀹冦傚湪鍛借繍闄嶄復(fù)鐨勪紵澶х灛闂達(dá)紝甯?jìng)姘戠殑涓鍒囩編寰封斺斿皬蹇?jī)銆侀『浠庛佸嫟鍕夈佽皚鎱庯紝閮芥棤嫻庝簬浜嬶紝瀹冨緇堝彧瑕佹眰澶╂墠浜虹墿錛屽茍涓斿皢浠栭犲氨鎴愪笉鏈界殑褰㈣薄銆傚懡榪愰剻瑙嗗湴鎶婄晱棣栫晱灝劇殑浜烘嫆涔嬮棬澶栥傚懡榪愨斺旇繖涓栦笂鐨勫彟涓浣嶇錛屽彧鎰挎剰鐢ㄧ儹鐑堢殑鍙岃噦鎶婂媷鏁㈣呴珮楂樹(shù)婦璧鳳紝閫佷笂鑻遍泟浠殑澶╁爞銆?/p>
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 榪欎釜decorator 妯″紡渚嬪瓙璁╁垵瀛﹁?鏇磋兘鍔犳繁 澶氭佸▉鍔涚殑浣撲細(xì)鍜?decorator 妯″紡 姣斿瓙綾葷伒媧葷殑浣撲細(xì)
瑕佹敞鎰忕殑闂鏄細(xì)瀵硅薄閾炬繪槸鍦?concreatecomponent聽(tīng) 瀵硅薄澶勭粨鏉熴?br />
聽(tīng) ///姝ゅ鏄痗lient 浣跨敤 瀵硅薄鐨勫叆鍙g偣錛屼粎浠呭緱鍒頒簡(jiǎn) 1涓?decorator 鐨勬淳鐢熺被瀵硅薄錛宑lient 浠涔堥兘涓嶇煡閬?br />printmodel(headdeco(headdeco(enddeco(concreatecom("姝f枃杈撳嚭涓傘傘傘?),"榛勫ぇ浠?),2),1));
///
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 鍦╲c2005 涓嬮氳繃
Sequence containers maintain the original ordering of inserted elements. This allows you to specify where to insert the element in the container.
The deque (double-ended queue) container allows for fast insertions and deletions at the beginning and end of the container. You can also randomly access any element quickly.
The list container allows for fast insertions and deletions anywhere in the container, but you cannot randomly access an element in the container.
The vector container behaves like an array, but will automatically grow as required.
For more information on the sequence containers, consult the following table:
Sequence Container | Native STL |
---|---|
deque | |
ilist | Not Applicable |
list | |
vector |
The defining characteristic of associative containers is that elements are inserted in a pre-defined order, such as sorted ascending.
The associative containers can be grouped into two subsets: maps and sets. A map, sometimes referred to as a dictionary, consists of a key/value pair. The key is used to order the sequence, and the value is somehow associated with that key. For example, a map might contain keys representing every unique word in a text and values representing the number of times that word appears in the text. A set is simply an ascending container of unique elements.
Both map and set only allow one instance of a key or element to be inserted into the container. If multiple instances of elements are required, use multimap or multiset.
Both maps and sets support bidirectional iterators. For more information on iterators, see Iterators.
While not officially part of the STL standard, hash_map and hash_set are commonly used to improve searching times. These containers store their elements as a hash table, with each table entry containing a bidirectional linked list of elements. To ensure the fastest search times, make sure that the hashing algorithm for your elements returns evenly distributed hash values.
For more information on the associative containers, consult the following table:
Associative Container | Native STL |
---|---|
hash_map | |
hash_multimap | |
hash_multiset | |
hash_set | |
map | |
multimap | |
multiset | |
set |
The container adapters are simply variations of the above containers. The container adapters do not support iterators.
The priority_queue container organized such that the element with the highest value is always first in the queue.
The queue container follows FIFO (first in, first out) semantics. The first element inserted (pushed) into the queue is the first to be removed (popped).
The stack container follows LIFO (last in, first out) semantics. The last element to be inserted (pushed) on the stack is the first element to be removed (popped).
Since container adapters do not support iterators, they cannot be used with the STL algorithms. For more information on algorithms, see Algorithms.
For more information on the container adapters, consult the following table:
Container Adapter | Native STL |
---|---|
priority_queue | |
queue | |
stack |
Elements inserted into an STL container can be of any object type that supplies a public copy constructor, a public聽(tīng)
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) public 鎷瘋礉鏋勯?錛宲ublic 鏋愭瀯 ,public 璧嬪兼搷浣滅聽(tīng)聽(tīng) elem& operator =( elem const &)
destructor, and a public assignment operator. The destructor may not throw an exception. Furthermore, associative聽(tīng)
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 鏋愭瀯涓嶈兘鎶涘嚭寮傚父
containers such as set and map must have a public comparison operator defined, which is operator< by default. Some聽(tīng)
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 鍏寵仈瀹瑰櫒聽(tīng) 闄ゆ澶?榪樺簲鐢辨湁 姣旇緝鎿嶄綔絎?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)operations on containers might also require a public default constructor and a public equivalence operator.
浠ヤ笅鏄?鍚勫鍣?榪唬鍣ㄧ被鍨嬭緭鍑轟唬鐮?br />
output iterator -> forward iterator -> bidirectional iterator -> random-access iteratorinput iterator -> forward iterator -> bidirectional iterator -> random-access iterator
class B { ... }; class C : public B { ... }; class D : public C { ... }; void f(D* pd) { C* pc = dynamic_cast<C*>(pd); // ok: C is a direct base class // pc points to C subobject of pd B* pb = dynamic_cast<B*>(pd); // ok: B is an indirect base class // pb points to B subobject of pd ... }
This type of conversion is called an "upcast" because it moves a pointer up a class hierarchy, from a derived class to a class it is derived from. An upcast is an implicit conversion.
If type-id is void*, a run-time check is made to determine the actual type of expression. The result is a pointer to the complete object pointed to by expression. For example:
class A { ... }; class B { ... }; void f() { A* pa = new A; B* pb = new B; void* pv = dynamic_cast<void*>(pa); // pv now points to an object of type A ... pv = dynamic_cast<void*>(pb); // pv now points to an object of type B }
If type-id is not void*, a run-time check is made to see if the object pointed to by expression can be converted to the type pointed to by type-id.
If the type of expression is a base class of the type of type-id, a run-time check is made to see if expression actually points to a complete object of the type of type-id. If this is true, the result is a pointer to a complete object of the type of type-id. For example:
class B { ... }; class D : public B { ... }; void f() { B* pb = new D; // unclear but ok B* pb2 = new B; D* pd = dynamic_cast<D*>(pb); // ok: pb actually points to a D ... D* pd2 = dynamic_cast<D*>(pb2); // pb2 points to a B not a D // cast was bad so pd2 == NULL ... }
This type of conversion is called a "downcast" because it moves a pointer down a class hierarchy, from a given class to a class derived from it.
灝忕粨錛?br />聽(tīng) a聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 瀹為檯鎸囧悜瀵硅薄 鍜屄?tīng)?b 鐩爣瀵硅薄,聽(tīng) b 鏄痑 鐨?鍩虹被錛堝瓙瀵硅薄錛夛紝鎴栬呮槸2鑰?鍚岀駭杞崲鎵嶆垚鍔?br />鍚﹀垯 鐩爣涓篘ULL;涔熷氨鏄涓嶈兘鍚戜笅杞?br />
2聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 澶氶噸闈炶櫄鐨勭戶鎵挎ā寮?br />
Class Hierarchy Showing Multiple Inheritance
A pointer to an object of type D
can be safely cast to B
or C
. However, if D
is cast to point to an A
object, which instance of A
would result? This would result in an ambiguous casting error. To get around this problem, you can perform two unambiguous casts. For example:
void f() { D* pd = new D; A* pa = dynamic_cast<A*>(pd); // error: ambiguous B* pb = dynamic_cast<B*>(pd); // first cast to B A* pa2 = dynamic_cast<A*>(pb); // ok: unambiguous }
Further ambiguities can be introduced when you use virtual base classes. Consider the class hierarchy shown in the following figure.
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 涔熷氨鏄鍦?鎰忔т笅浼?xì)澶辫?br />3.瀛愬璞¢棿鐨勮漿鎹?br />
Class Hierarchy Showing Duplicate Base Classes
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)//pd 鎸囧悜 e 瀵硅薄
void f(D* pd)
{
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) E* pe = dynamic_cast<E*>(pd);
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) B* pb = pe;聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) // upcast, implicit conversion
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) A* pa = pb;聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) // upcast, implicit conversion
}
//pd 鎸囧悜 e 瀵硅薄
void f(D* pd)
{
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) B* pb = dynamic_cast<B*>(pd);聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) // cross cast
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) A* pa = pb;聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) // upcast, implicit conversion
}
聽(tīng) 涔熷氨鏄?鎵璋?cross cast
浜屄?typeid( type-id )聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) typeid( expression )聽(tīng)
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 姝ゆ搷浣滅榪斿洖涓?const type_info &聽(tīng)
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) expression聽(tīng)蹇呴』鎸囧悜涓涓鎬佺被鍨嬶紙甯﹁櫄鍑芥暟聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 錛夛紝騫朵笖瑕佽В寮曠敤
#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo.h>
class Base {
public:
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) virtual void vvfunc() {}
};
class Derived : public Base {};
using namespace std;
int main()
{
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) Derived* pd = new Derived;
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) Base* pb = pd;
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) cout << typeid( pb ).name() << endl;聽(tīng)聽(tīng) //prints "class Base *"
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) cout << typeid( *pb ).name() << endl;聽(tīng)聽(tīng) //prints "class Derived"
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) cout << typeid( pd ).name() << endl;聽(tīng)聽(tīng) //prints "class Derived *"
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) cout << typeid( *pd ).name() << endl;聽(tīng)聽(tīng) //prints "class Derived"
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) delete pd;
}
// compile with: /GR /EHsc
鍦ㄦā鐗堜腑浣跨敤
template < typename T > T max( T arg1, T arg2 ) {
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) cout << typeid( T ).name() << "s compared." << endl;
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) return ( arg1 > arg2 ? arg1 : arg2 );
}
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)
Windows objects are normally represented by HANDLEs. The MFC classes wrap Windows object handles with C++ objects. The handle wrapping functions of the MFC class library provide a way to find the C++ object that is wrapping the Windows object with a particular handle. There are times when a Windows object does not have a C++ wrapper object, however, and at these times a temporary object is created to act as the C++ wrapper.
mfc 鏄犲皠鐨?windows object ---->c++ wrapper
浠ヤ笅浣跨敤 mfc 鐨勫嚱鏁?濡傦細(xì)fromhandle, getdlgitem,閮戒細(xì)榪斿洖temporary 鍜?pemanent聽(tīng) c++ wrapper object
聽(tīng)娉ㄦ剰錛?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 闆舵椂鐨?瀵硅薄 浼?xì)琚湪绌洪棽鏃?OnIdle()鍑芥暟)琚垹闄わ紝涓嶈兘瀛樹(shù)笅鍦ㄤ笅嬈℃秷鎭鐞嗕腑 浣跨敤
The default OnIdle processing in CWinThread automatically calls DeleteTempMap for each class that supports temporary handle maps
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
The Windows objects that use handle maps are:
///////////////////////////////////////////////
Given a handle to any of these objects, you can find the MFC object that wraps the handle by calling the static member function FromHandle. For example, given an HWND called hWnd:
CWnd::FromHandle(hWnd)
will return a pointer to the CWnd that wraps the hWnd. If that hWnd does not have a specific wrapper object, then a temporary CWnd is created to wrap the hWnd. This makes it possible to get a valid C++ object from any handle.
Once you have a wrapper object, you can get to its handle through a public member variable. In the case of a CWnd, m_hWnd contains the HWND for that object.
Attaching Handles to MFC Objects
Given a newly created handle-wrapper object and a handle to a Windows object, you can associate the two by calling Attach. For example:
CWnd myWnd; myWnd.Attach(hWnd);
////mywnd 鏋愭瀯鏃朵細(xì)璋冪敤 destroywindow ,榪炲悓 hwnd 涓璧烽攢姣?br />
This makes an entry in the permanent map associating myWnd and hWnd.
Calling CWnd::FromHandle(hWnd) will now return a pointer to myWnd.
When myWnd is deleted, the destructor will automatically destroy the hWnd by calling the Windows DestroyWindow function. If this is not desired, the hWnd must be detached from myWnd before the myWnd object is destroyed (normally when leaving the scope at which myWnd was defined). The Detach member function does this.
myWnd.Detach();
More About Temporary Objects
Temporary objects are created whenever FromHandle is given a handle that does not already have a wrapper object. These temporary objects are detached from their handle and deleted by the DeleteTempMap functions. The default OnIdle processing in CWinThread automatically calls DeleteTempMap for each class that supports temporary handle maps. This means that you cannot assume a pointer to a temporary object will be valid past the point of exit from the function where the pointer was obtained, as the temporary object will be deleted during the Windows message-loop idle time.
寰堥噸瑕?
鍦ㄥ綰跨▼涓紶閫?c++ wrapper object 鏄棤鏁堢殑(鏃犺鏄?temporary 榪樻槸 permanent)
鍙兘浼犻?windows handle, 鎹㈠彞璇濆氨鏄錛?綰跨▼ 鍙兘 璁塊棶 鑷繁鍒涘緩鐨刢++ wrapper object
Wrapper Objects and Multiple Threads
Both temporary and permanent objects are maintained on a per-thread basis. That is, one thread cannot access another threads C++ wrapper objects, regardless of whether it is temporary or permanent. As stated above, temporary objects are deleted when the thread which that temporary object belongs enters OnIdle.
To pass these objects from one thread to another, always send them as their native HANDLE type. Passing a C++ wrapper object from one thread to another will often result in unexpected results.
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)
template<class RandomAccessIterator> inline void make_heap( RandomAccessIterator First, RandomAccessIterator Last )template<class RandomAccessIterator> inline void sort_heap( RandomAccessIterator First, RandomAccessIterator Last )template<class RandomAccessIterator> inline void push_heap( RandomAccessIterator First, RandomAccessIterator Last )template<class RandomAccessIterator> inline void pop_heap( RandomAccessIterator First, RandomAccessIterator Last )聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)
鏍囧噯搴撀?
褰撴垜榪樺湪鐮旂┒闄㈠伐浣滄椂錛屼笌鍚岄櫌鍙﹀涓ゅ鐮旂┒鎵鍚堜綔寮鍙戣繃涓涓ぇ鍨嬫按鍒╂灑綰借皟搴﹂泦鎴愰」鐩傛垜浠笁瀹惰蔣浠剁郴緇熶箣闂撮兘瑕佺浉浜掗氫俊銆傚湪璋冭瘯閫氳妯″潡鏃訛紝緇嗗績(jī)鐨勫鎴鳳紙涓鍚嶅ソ瀛︾殑緋葷粺綆$悊鍛橈級(jí)鍙戠幇瀵逛簬鍚屼竴閫氫俊瑙勭害鐨勮В閲婁唬鐮侊紝鎴戠殑涓嶈秴榪?0琛岋紝鑰屽鏂圭殑鍒欒秴榪囦簡(jiǎn)150琛屼笖寰堥毦鐪嬫噦銆傝繖浣嶇郴緇熺鐞嗗憳寰堢撼闂鳳紝鎴戣澶у緙栫▼椋庢牸鍜屼範(fàn)鎯笉涓鏍鳳紝鎴戜嬌鐢ㄤ簡(jiǎn)鏍囧噯搴擄紝鑰屼粬浣跨敤浜?jiǎn)浼牼l烠緙栫▼椋庢牸浠ュ強(qiáng)浠栨墍涔?fàn)鎯殑鍙﹀涓浜涙妧鏈偮?
鍒浼?xì)锛佹垜缁濇棤璐綆杩欎綅鍚堜綔浼欎即鐨勬剰鎬濄備簨瀹炰笂錛屾垜瀵歸偅浜涚湡姝f湁鐫娣卞帤鐨凜緙栫▼鍔熷姏鐨勭▼搴忓憳甯稿父鎬鏈夐挦浣╀箣蹇?jī)銆傛瘯绔燂紝C++鑳芥湁浠婂ぉ鐨勬垚鍔熷湪寰堝ぇ紼嬪害涓婄紭?shù)簬瀹冩繁娣卞湴妞嶆牴浜嶤銆備綔涓轟竴鍚岰++紼嬪簭鍛橈紝鍊樿嫢涓嶇啛鎮(zhèn)塁++涓殑C錛屾垜寰寰浼?xì)璁や皋Z粬鐨勫熀鏈姛鏄笉鎵庡疄鐨勶紝浠栫殑鎶鏈簳姘旀槸涓嶈凍鐨勩偮?
涓嶈繃璇濆張璇村洖鏉ワ紝C++鏄竴縐嶅鑼冨瀷錛坧aradigm錛夌紪紼嬭璦錛屽叿浣撻噰鐢ㄥ摢縐嶇紪紼嬮鏍鹼紝涓撲笟紼嬪簭鍛樺簲璇ョ煡閬撹鍏蜂綋鎯呭喌鑰屽畾銆備綔涓轟竴鍚嶇粡甯擱渶瑕佸湪鐜板満鍋氬嵆鍏村紑鍙戠殑欏圭洰璐熻矗浜猴紝涓轟簡(jiǎn)鐭鉤蹇湴瑙e喅褰撳姟涔嬫ワ紝鎴戜範(fàn)鎯敖閲忛噰鐢ㄧ幇鏈夌殑搴擄紙鍜岀粍浠訛級(jí)銆傛晥鐜囷紙浠ュ強(qiáng)寮哄仴鎬э級(jí)涔呯粡楠岃瘉鐨凜++鏍囧噯搴撳凡緇忔憜鍦ㄩ偅鍎夸簡(jiǎn)錛屼綍涔愯屼笉鐢ㄥ憿錛熉?
Nicolai M. Josuttis, The C++ Standard Library: A Tutorial and Reference
銆奀++鏍囧噯紼嬪簭搴擄細(xì)鑷慨鏁欑▼涓庡弬鑰冩墜鍐屻嬶紝鍗庝腑縐戞妧澶у鍑虹増紺?
榪欐槸涓鏈櫨縐戝叏涔﹀紡鐨凜++鏍囧噯搴撹憲浣滐紝鏄竴鏈渶瑕佷竴鍐嶆煡闃呯殑鍙傝冨ぇ鍏ㄣ傚畠鍦ㄥ畬澶囨с佺粏鑷存т互鍙?qiáng)绮炯嫯鎬ф柟闈㈤兘鏄棤涓庝雞姣旂殑銆傛湰涔﹁緇嗕粙緇嶄簡(jiǎn)姣忎竴鏍囧噯搴撶粍浠剁殑瑙勬牸鍜岀敤娉曪紝鍐呭娑電洊鍖呮嫭嫻佸拰鏈湴鍖栧湪鍐呯殑鏁翠釜鏍囧噯搴撹屼笉浠呬粎鏄疭TL銆傛濡傛湰涔﹀壇鏍囬鎵紺猴紝瀹冮鍏堥傚悎浣滀負(fù)鏁欑▼闃呰錛屽皵鍚庡張鍙敤浣滃弬鑰冩墜鍐屻?
嫻呮樉鏄撴噦鐨勫啓浣滈鏍間嬌寰楄繖鏈功闈炲父鏄撹銆傚鏋滀綘甯屾湜瀛︿範(fàn)鏍囧噯搴撶殑鐢ㄦ硶騫跺敖鍙兘鍦板彂鎸ュ叾娼滆兘錛岄偅浣犲繀欏繪嫢鏈夎繖鏈功銆傛濡傜綉緇滀笂鎵璦錛岃繖鏈功涓嶄粎浠呭簲璇ユ憜鍦ㄤ綘鐨勪功姍變腑錛屾洿搴旇鏀懼埌浣犵殑鐢?shù)鑴戞涓娿傛垜鍚戞瘡涓浣嶈亴涓欳++紼嬪簭鍛樺己鐑堟帹鑽愩?
Angelika Langer, Klaus Kreft, Standard C++ IOStreams and Locales: Advanced Programmer's Guide and Reference
銆婃爣鍑咰++杈撳叆杈撳嚭嫻佷笌鏈湴鍖栥嬶紝浜烘皯閭數(shù)鍑虹増紺?
C++鏍囧噯搴撶敱STL銆佹祦鍜屾湰鍦板寲涓夐儴鍒嗘瀯鎴愩傚叧浜嶴TL鐨勪功甯?jìng)闈笂宸簿l忔湁涓嶅皯錛屼絾緗曡嫻佸拰鏈湴鍖栨柟闈㈢殑涓撹憲銆傛湰涔︽槸榪欎袱涓鍩熶腑鏈浼樼鐨勪竴鏈紝榪勪粖涓烘娌℃湁浠諱綍涓鏈功姣旇繖涓鏈洿鍏ㄩ潰璇﹀敖鍦拌璁轟簡(jiǎn)嫻佸拰鏈湴鍖栥傚鏋滀綘涓嶆弧瓚充簬鍋滅暀鍦ㄢ滀細(xì)鐢ㄢ濇祦搴撶殑灞傞潰錛屽崈涓囦笉瑕侀敊榪囧畠銆?
2001騫村澶╋紝鎴戣崏鑽夌炕闃呰繃榪欐湰涔︾殑涓枃鐗堬紝浠庡唴瀹瑰埌鍖呰閮界粰鎴戠暀涓嬩簡(jiǎn)姣旇緝娣卞埢鐨勫嵃璞?鈥?涓嶈繃璐熼潰鐨勫眳澶氫竴浜涖?003騫寸澶╋紝鏃犳剰涓緱鐭ユ煇緗戠粶涔﹀簵姝d互瓚呬綆浠鋒牸鐢╁崠榪欐湰涔︾殑涓瘧鏈紝鎯呬笉鑷錛屼竴闃靛攺鍢樸?
Scott Meyers, Effective STL: 50 Specific Ways to Improve Your Use of the Standard Template Library
銆奅ffective STL錛堝獎(jiǎng)鍗扮増錛夈嬶紝涓浗鐢?shù)鍔涘嚭鐗埥C?
璇誨畬Scott 鐨勩奅ffective C++銆嬪拰銆奙ore Effective C++銆嬬殑涓瘧鏈箣鍚庯紝鎴戜竴鐩存湡寰呰繖鏈功鐨勪腑鏂囩増銆傛垜浠庢綐鐖辨皯鍏堢敓鐨勪釜浜轟富欏典笂浜?jiǎn)瑙e垘图屼粬鍜屼粬鐨勫悎浣滀紮浼翠奸g箮鏃╁凡瀹屾垚浜?jiǎn)杩欐湰涔︾殑缈昏瘧宸ヤ綔锛屽彲鎯滆嚦浠婂競(jìng)闈笂浠嶄笉寰楄銆傚垢榪愮殑鏄紝鎴戜滑鍙互鐪嬪埌瀹冪殑鍘熺増銆?
鏈功鏄嬌鐢⊿TL鐨勭▼搴忓憳蹇呰涔嬩綔銆傚湪榪欐湰涔︿腑錛孲cott鍚戞垜浠榪癝TL瀹瑰櫒鍜岀畻娉曠殑宸ヤ綔鏈哄埗浠ュ強(qiáng)濡備綍浠ユ渶浣蟲(chóng)柟寮忎嬌鐢ㄥ畠浠傚拰Scott鐨勫叾浠栦綔鍝佷竴鏍鳳紝榪欐湰涔︾殑鍐欎綔椋庢牸娓呮櫚銆佺簿紜紝鍏鋒湁鏋佷匠鐨勫彲璇繪с傜湅榪囪繖鏈功浠ュ悗錛屾垜鎯充綘涔熻浼?xì)鍜屾垜浠ュ強(qiáng)鍏朵粬C++紼嬪簭鍛樹(shù)竴鏍蜂駭鐢熻繖鏍風(fēng)殑鎯蟲(chóng)硶錛歋cott浠涔堟椂鍊欎細(xì)鍐欏嚭涓鏈淢ore Effective STL鈥濓紵
鍏充簬STL錛屾垜榪樻彁閱掍綘鐣欏績(jī)Matthew H. Austern鐨勩奊eneric Programming and the STL: Using and Extending the C++ Standard Template Library銆嬶紙銆婃硾鍨嬬紪紼嬩笌STL銆嬶紝涓浗鐢?shù)鍔涘嚭鐗埥C撅級(jí)銆傝繖鏈功鏁e彂鐫嫻撳帤鐨勫闄㈡皵鎭侫ndrew Koenig鍜孊arbara Moo鍦ㄣ夾ccelerated C++: Practical Programming by Example銆嬩竴涔︽湯灝鵑儜閲嶆帹鑽愬彟澶栦袱鏈繘闃跺ソ涔︼紙闄や簡(jiǎn)浠栦滑鑷繁鐨勩奟uminations on C++銆嬪錛夛紝鍏朵腑涓鏈槸TCPL錛屽彟澶栦竴鏈氨鏄湰涔︼紒
緗戠粶緙栫▼
鍦ㄧ綉緇滅紪紼嬫椂浠o紝C++搴旇鎵紨鐫鎬庢牱鐨勮鑹詫紝璁〢CE錛圓daptive Communications Environment錛夋潵鍛婅瘔浣犮?
Douglas C. Schmidt, Stephen D. Huston, C++ Network Programming, Volume 1: Mastering Complexity with ACE and Patterns
Douglas C. Schmidt, Stephen D. Huston, C++ Network Programming, Volume 2: Systematic Reuse with ACE and Frameworks
銆奀++緗戠粶緙栫▼錛屽嵎1錛氳繍鐢ˋCE鍜屾ā寮忔秷闄ゅ鏉傛с嬶紝鍗庝腑縐戞妧澶у鍑虹増紺?
銆奀++緗戠粶緙栫▼錛屽嵎2錛氬熀浜?ACE 鍜屾鏋剁殑緋葷粺鍖栧鐢ㄣ嬶紝鐢?shù)瀛愬伐涓氬嚭鐗埥C?
閲囩敤C++榪涜浼佷笟綰х綉緇滅紪紼嬶紝鐩墠ACE錛堜互鍙?qiáng)杩欎袱鏈功锛?jí)鏄竴涓煎緱鑰冭檻鐨勯夋嫨銆侫CE鏄竴涓潰鍚戝璞°佽法騫沖彴銆佸紑鏀炬簮鐮佺殑緗戠粶緙栫▼妗嗘灦錛岀洰鏍囧湪浜庢瀯寤洪珮鎬ц兘緗戠粶搴旂敤鍜屼腑闂翠歡銆侱ouglas鏄疉CE鐨勫垱濮嬩漢錛孲tephen鍒欏凡涓篈CE鎻愪緵浜?jiǎn)鏁膀q寸殑鎶鏈敮鎸佸拰欏鵑棶鏈嶅姟錛屼袱浣嶉兘鏄疉CE紺劇兢錛堟槸鐨勶紝ACE鐨勫獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅拰瀹為檯搴旂敤鐨勭▼搴﹀凡緇忓艦鎴愪簡(jiǎn)涓涓ぞ緹わ級(jí)鐨勪笓瀹躲?
ACE騫朵笉鍗曞崟琚ぇ瀛﹀拰鐮旂┒鎵榪芥崸錛屽畠宸茬粡琚垚鍔熷湴搴旂敤浜庝笘鐣屼笂鎴愬崈涓婁竾涓晢涓氬簲鐢ㄤ腑銆傚湪鐢?shù)淇°佸畤鑸佸尰鑽拰璐㈢粡棰嗗煙鐨勭綉緇滅郴緇熶腑錛孉CE宸茬粡騫剁戶緇彂鎸ョ潃閲嶈鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ傚鏋滀綘鍑嗗寮鍙戦珮鎬ц兘閫氳緋葷粺錛屼綘搴旇鑰冭檻鑰冭檻榪欎竴姹囬泦涓栫晫欏跺皷涓撳鏅烘収鐨勬垚鏋溿?
闄や簡(jiǎn)浣跨敤C++闈㈠悜瀵硅薄璁捐鎶鏈拰妯℃澘絳夐珮綰ц璦鐗規(guī)у錛孉CE榪樿繍鐢ㄤ簡(jiǎn)澶ч噺鐨勬ā寮忋傘奀++緗戠粶緙栫▼銆嬪嵎1鍜屽嵎2騫朵笉浠呬粎鏁欎綘鍏充簬ACE鐨勬柟鏂歸潰闈紝瀹冭繕?shù)細(xì)鏁櫨l欎綘妯″紡鍜岄氱敤妗嗘灦璁捐絳夐珮綰ф妧鏈瓑銆傛墍浠ワ紝浣滀負(fù)涓鍚嶄腑銆侀珮綰++紼嬪簭鍛橈紝鍗充嬌浣犲緢灝戣繘琛屾鍎垮叓緇忕殑C++緗戠粶紼嬪簭璁捐錛岄槄璇昏繖涓ゆ湰涔﹀悓鏍峰彲浠ヤ粠涓彈鐩娿?
鏄殑錛屽茍闈炴墍鏈夌綉緇滃簲鐢ㄩ兘瑕佷嬌鐢╓eb鏈嶅姟鍣紙浠ュ強(qiáng)鍏朵粬搴旂敤鏈嶅姟鍣級(jí)鍜岄噸閲忕駭緇勪歡妯″瀷錛屾崲涓濊礬錛屽畠浠垨璁鎬篃鍙互浠庤交閲忕駭鐨凙CE緇勪歡涓幏鐩娿?
鏉傞」
浠ヤ笅榪欏嚑鏈功涔嬫墍浠ヨ鍒楀叆鈥滄潅欏光濆崟鍏冿紝鍙槸鍥犱負(fù)鎴戞病鏈夎冭檻鍑烘洿鍚堥傜殑褰掔被鏂規(guī)硶錛屽畠浠拰涓婇潰鐨勪功綾嶄竴鏍鳳紝鍊煎緱涓璇匯?
Bruce Eckel, Thinking in C++, Volume 1: Introduction to Standard C++ (2nd Edition)
Bruce Eckel, Thinking in C++, Volume 2: Practical Programming (Second Edition)
銆奀++緙栫▼鎬濇兂錛堢2鐗堬級(jí)絎?鍗鳳細(xì)鏍囧噯C++瀵煎紩銆嬶紝鏈烘宸ヤ笟鍑虹増紺?
銆奀++緙栫▼鎬濇兂錛堣嫳鏂囩増 絎?鐗堬級(jí)銆嬶紝鏈烘宸ヤ笟鍑虹増紺?
銆奣hinking in C++銆嬬殑絎?鐗堜簬1996騫磋崳鑾封滆蔣浠剁爺鍙戔濇潅蹇楄瘎閫夌殑鍥句功闇囨捈澶у銆傛渶鏂版帹鍑虹殑絎?鐗堝鍐呭榪涜浜?jiǎn)澶q呮敼鍐欏拰璋冩暣錛屼互鍙嶆槧C++鏍囧噯鍖栧甫鏉ョ殑褰卞搷浠ュ強(qiáng)榪戝嚑騫撮潰鍚戝璞¢鍩熸渶鏂扮爺絀跺拰瀹炶返鎴愭灉銆傗滆緭鍏ヨ緭鍏ユ祦鈥濄佲滃閲嶇戶鎵庫(kù)濄佲滃紓甯稿鐞嗏濆拰鈥滆繍琛屾椂綾誨瀷璇嗗埆鈥濈瓑楂樼駭涓婚榪炲悓C++鏍囧噯鍖栦互鍚庡鍔犵殑涓浜涘唴瀹瑰垯琚斁鍏ョ浜屽嵎涓侭ruce鏄竴鍚嶇粡楠屼赴瀵岀殑C++璁插笀鍜岄【闂紝鍏跺煿璁拰鍐欎綔緇忛獙閮芥槸涓栫晫涓嫻佹按鍑嗭紝浠栫殑浣滃搧姣旈偅浜涒滅帺紲ㄢ濈殑鎶鏈漢鍛樺啓鐨勪笢瑗挎洿鑳藉惛寮曡鑰呫備簨瀹炰笂錛屽湪鍚岀被鍥句功涓紝瀵逛簬澶у鏁拌鑰呰岃█錛岃繖鏈功鐨勫彲璇繪ц瓚呰繃TCPL鍜屻奀++ Primer銆嬨傞『甯︿竴鎻愶紝璁塊棶浣滆呯殑绔欑偣錛屼綘鍙互鍏堢澒絎簩鍗風(fēng)殑椋庨噰銆?
Andrew Koenig, Barbara E. Moo, Ruminations on C++: A Decade of Programming Insight and Experience
銆奀++娌夋濆綍銆嬶紝浜烘皯閭數(shù)鍑虹増紺?
Andrew鏄笘鐣屼笂灞堟寚鍙暟鐨凜++涓撳銆傝繖鏄竴鏈叧浜嶤++緙栫▼鎬濇兂鍜岀▼搴忚璁℃妧鏈岄潪璇█緇嗚妭鐨勮憲浣溿傚鏋滀綘宸茬粡鍏鋒湁涓瀹氱殑鍩虹錛岃繖鏈功灝嗘暀浣犲湪榪涜C++緙栫▼鏃跺簲璇ユ庢牱鎬濊冿紝搴旇濡備綍琛ㄨ揪瑙e喅鏂規(guī)銆傛暣鏈功鎶鏈〃杈鵑忓交錛屾枃瀛楅氫織鏄撴噦銆侭jarne榪欐牱璇勪環(huán)榪欐湰涔︼細(xì)鏈功閬嶅竷鈥淐++鏄粈涔堛丆++鑳藉鍋氫粈涔堚濈殑鐪熺煡鐏艱銆?
Stanley B. Lippman, Inside The C++ Object Model
銆婃繁搴︽帰绱++瀵硅薄妯″瀷銆嬶紝鍗庝腑縐戞妧澶у鍑虹増紺?
銆婃繁搴︽帰绱++瀵硅薄妯″瀷錛堝獎(jiǎng)鍗扮増錛夈嬶紝涓浗鐢?shù)鍔涘嚭鐗埥C?
浠庣紪璇戝櫒鐨勮搴﹁瀵烠++鍙互浣夸綘鐭ュ叾鐒跺茍鐭ュ叾鎵浠ョ劧銆傛湰涔︽帰璁ㄤ簡(jiǎn)澶ч噺鐨凜++闈㈠悜瀵硅薄紼嬪簭璁捐鐨勫簳灞傝繍浣滄満鍒訛紝鍖呮嫭鏋勯犲嚱鏁般佸嚱鏁般佷復(fù)鏃跺璞°佺戶鎵褲佽櫄鎷熴佹ā鏉跨殑瀹炰緥鍖栥佸紓甯稿鐞嗐佽繍琛屾湡綾誨瀷璇嗗埆絳夛紝鍙﹀榪樹(shù)粙緇嶄簡(jiǎn)涓浜涘湪瀹炵幇C++瀵硅薄妯″瀷榪囩▼涓仛鍑虹殑鏉冭 鎶樿》銆傚枩嬈㈠埁鏍歸棶搴曠殑C++紼嬪簭鍛樹(shù)笉瑕侀敊榪囪繖鏈功銆?
Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented software
銆婅璁℃ā寮忥細(xì)鍙鐢ㄩ潰鍚戝璞¤蔣浠剁殑鍩虹銆嬶紝鏈烘宸ヤ笟鍑虹増紺?
銆婅璁℃ā寮忥細(xì)鍙鐢ㄩ潰鍚戝璞¤蔣浠剁殑鍩虹錛堣嫳鏂囩増錛夈嬶紝鏈烘宸ヤ笟鍑虹増紺?
璁捐鍙鐢ㄧ殑闈㈠悜瀵硅薄鐨勮蔣浠訛紝浣犻渶瑕佹帉鎻¤璁℃ā寮忋傛湰涔﹀茍闈炰笓涓篊++紼嬪簭鍛樿屽啓錛屼絾瀹冮噰鐢ㄤ簡(jiǎn)C++錛堜互鍙?qiáng)Smalltalk錛変綔涓轟富瑕佺ず渚嬭璦錛孋++紼嬪簭鍛樺挨鍏舵槗浜庝粠涓彈鐩娿傚洓浣嶄綔鑰呴兘鏄浗闄呭叕璁ょ殑闈㈠悜瀵硅薄杞歡棰嗗煙涓撳錛屼粬浠皢闈㈠悜瀵硅薄杞歡鐨勮璁$粡楠屼綔涓鴻璁℃ā寮忚緇嗚褰曚笅鏉ャ傝繖鏈功褰卞搷鏄姝ゆ繁榪滐紝浠ヨ嚦浜庡洓浣嶄綔鑰呬互鍙?qiáng)鏈功閮借鏄悼U頒負(fù)GoF錛圙ang of Four錛夈傛湰涔﹀闄㈡皵鎭祿鍘氾紝琛屾枃椋庢牸涓ヨ皚綆媧侊紝铏界劧瀹冧笉濡傛煇浜涜瑙fā寮忕殑涔︾睄鏄撹錛屼絾鐪熸瑕佺簿鍑嗗湴鐞嗚В璁捐妯″紡錛屾湰涔︽槸緇堟瀬鏉冨▉銆傚涔?fàn)璁捐妯″紡锛寴q欐湰涔﹂渶瑕佷竴鑰屽啀銆佸啀鑰屼笁鐨勫拃鍤箋傞『甯︿竴鍙ワ細(xì)璇峰皢璁捐妯″紡鍖栦綔寮鎷撴濈淮鐨勯挜鍖欙紝鍒囪帿鎴愪負(fù)灝侀棴鎬濈淮鐨勬灧閿併?
榪樻湁涓浜汣++濂戒功鍊煎緱涓璇伙紝鎭曟澶勬棤娉曚竴涓鍒楀嚭銆備緥濡侸ohn Lakos鐨勮憲浣溿奓arge-Scale C++ Software Design銆嬶紙銆婂ぇ瑙勬āC++紼嬪簭璁捐銆嬶紝涓浗鐢?shù)鍔涘嚭鐗埥C撅級(jí)鍜屼警鎹峰厛鐢熺殑銆奡TL 婧愮爜鍓栨瀽銆嬶紙鍗庝腑縐戞妧澶у鍑虹増紺撅級(jí)絳夈?
銆奡TL 婧愮爜鍓栨瀽銆嬫槸涓鏈緢鏈夌壒鑹茬殑涔︼紝浣嗘垜璁や負(fù)瀹冭繕鍙互鏇村ソ銆傛垜涓漢鏈熷緟渚嵎鍏堢敓鑷涓鐗堝彂琛屼互鏉ョ粡榪囧妯℃澘鎶鏈殑娌夋穩(wěn)鍜屽啀鎬濊冧箣鍚庯紝鍐嶅啓涓鏈墫鏋愬緱鏇存繁鍏ャ佹洿閫忓交騫朵笖鏇村叏闈㈢殑鈥滅浜岀増鈥濄傞仐鎲劇殑鏄紝渚嵎鍏堢敓鍦ㄥ畬鎴愩奀++ Templates: The Complete Guide銆嬩竴涔︾殑緲昏瘧鍚庝技涔庡喅瀹氭殏鏃跺憡鍒ā鏉褲佹硾鍨嬬紪紼嬪拰STL棰嗗煙銆?
2004騫?鏈?1鏃ヨˉ鍏咃細(xì)鎴戠洰鍓嶆渶甯告煡闃呯殑涓ゆ湰鍙傝冧功鏄奀++鏍囧噯紼嬪簭搴撱嬪拰銆奡TL婧愮爜鍓栨瀽銆嬨傚綋鐒朵簡(jiǎn)錛岃繖涓庢垜騫村唴鐨勫啓浣滆鍒掓湁寰堝ぇ鐨勫叧緋匯?
浣跨敤C++鎴愬姛寮鍙戝ぇ瑙勬ā杞歡緋葷粺錛屼笉浠呴渶瑕佸緢濂藉湴鐞嗚В澶у鏁癈++涔︾睄涓榪扮殑閫昏緫璁捐闂錛屾洿闇瑕佹帉鎻°婂ぇ瑙勬āC++紼嬪簭璁捐銆嬩腑璁茶堪鐨勭墿鐞嗚璁℃妧鏈傚綋鐒?dòng)灱寴q欐湰涔︾殑紜湁鐐硅繃鏃朵簡(jiǎn)錛屼笉榪囷紝濡傛灉浣犵殑綺懼姏鍜岄噾閽遍兘姣旇緝瀹界話錛屼拱涓鏈湅鐪嬪茍鏃犲潖澶勩?
鑷蟲(chóng)錛屾垜鎯蟲(chóng)湁蹇呰澹版槑涓涓嬶紝鏈変竴浜涳紙濂斤級(jí)涔︽病鏈夊緱鍒版帹鑽愶紝涓昏鍘熷洜濡備笅錛?
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) * 浠ヤ笂榪欎簺涔﹀凡緇忚凍澶熷銆佽凍澶熷ソ浜?jiǎn)銆?
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) * 鎴戜笉浼?xì)鎺ㄨ崘閫氳繃姝e父娓犻亾寰堥毦璐拱鍒扮殑涔︾睄 鈥?涓嶇鏄腑鏂囩増榪樻槸鑻辨枃鐗堛?
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) * 浣滐紙璇戯級(jí)鑰呭悕姘斿ぇ灝忎笉褰卞搷鎴戠殑鎺ㄨ崘銆傛垜浠槸鍦ㄧ湅涔︼紝涓嶆槸鐪嬩漢銆?
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) * 鎴戜笉浼?xì)鎺ㄨ崘鎴戜粠鏉ユ病鏈夌湅杩囩殑涔︺傛垜鑷沖皯瑕佺湅榪囧叾涓殑鏌愪釜鐗堟湰錛堝寘鎷數(shù)瀛愭。錛夈傝繖涓滅湅鈥濓紝涓鑸寚鈥滆鐪熼槄璇燴濓紝涓嶈繃鏈変竴浜涗篃鍙兘綆楁槸鈥滄祻瑙堚濄?
緇撹
浣滀負(fù)涓鍚嶆櫘閫氭妧鏈啓璇戣咃紝鎴戞繁鐭ユ妧鏈垱浣滃拰緲昏瘧鐨勮壈杈涳紙鍜屽揩涔愶級(jí)錛屽茍澶氬灝戝皯浜?jiǎn)瑙d竴浜涙湁鍏蟲(chóng)妧鏈功綾嶅垱浣溿佺炕璇戙佸埗浣溿佸嚭鐗堜互鍙?qiáng)甯?jìng)鍦烘帹浠嬭儗鍚庣殑緇嗚妭銆備粖澶╋紝鎴戜笉浼?xì)鍐嶅涓鏈湅涓婂幓宸己浜烘剰鐨勫浘涔︿俊鍙e紑娌熾傜綏鍒楀悓涓鏈功鐨勫悇縐嶇増鏈殑鐢ㄦ剰鍙湪浜庝負(fù)浣犲鎻愪緵涓浜涗俊鎭紝璁╀綘澶氫竴縐嶉夋嫨銆?
鍦ㄦ湰鏂囨垚鏂囩殑鍚庢湡錛屾垜緇橞jarne鍐欎簡(jiǎn)涓灝佷俊錛岃鏁欏鏋滀粬鏉ュ啓榪欑瘒鏂囩珷浼?xì)鎬庝箞鍐欍備粬緇欎簡(jiǎn)鎴戠畝鏄庢壖瑕佺殑寤鴻銆傚湪鑲畾浠ヤ笂鍒楀嚭鐨勭粷澶ч儴鍒嗗浘涔﹂兘鏄笘鐣岄《灝栨按騫崇殑C++钁椾綔鐨勫悓鏃訛紝Bjarne鎻愰啋鎴戝埆蹇樹(shù)簡(jiǎn)鍚戜笓瀹剁駭紼嬪簭鍛樻帹鑽愩奣he C++ Standard : Incorporating Technical Corrigendum No. 1銆嬨傝繖鏈功鏄?C++鏍囧噯瑙勮寖鐨勨滃浘涔︾増鈥濓紝Bjarne浜茶嚜涓轟箣浣滃簭銆?
Bjarne榪樺弸濂藉湴鎻愰啋鎴戯紝鍦ㄦ垜鐨勬帹鑽愬垪琛ㄤ腑娌℃湁鍝竴鏈湁鍔╀簬C++紼嬪簭鍛樿繘琛學(xué)indows緙栫▼ 鈥?榪欐鏄垜鐨勬湰鎰忋傚湪榪欑瘒鏂囩珷涓紝鎴戝彧鎺ㄨ崘銆佺偣璇勫鉤鍙頒腑绔嬬殑C++钁椾綔錛堢綉緇滅紪紼嬮櫎澶栵級(jí) 鈥?鍜屾搷浣滅郴緇熸棤鍏籌紝鍜岄泦鎴愬紑鍙戠幆澧冩棤鍏籌紝鎴戠敋鑷沖夠鎯沖畠浠拰緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ篃鏃犲叧銆備綘鍙互鏍規(guī)嵁涓氬姟寮鍙戦渶瑕侊紝閫夎鑷繁鍠滅埍鐨勯鍩熺浉鍏崇殑C++涔︾睄銆?
璇村埌鈥滅郴緇熸棤鍏熾佸鉤鍙頒腑绔嬧濓紝鎴戜笉鐢卞緱鎯寵搗浜?jiǎn)鈥滄娊璞″眰鈥濈殑姒傚康銆傚紑鍙戝疄闄呭簲鐢ㄧ殑C++紼嬪簭鍛橀氬父宸ヤ綔浜庣壒瀹氭搷浣滅郴緇熴佺壒瀹氬紑鍙戠幆澧冨拰鐗瑰畾涓氬姟棰嗗煙涔嬩腑錛岃屽鏍囧噯C++鍜孋++鏍囧噯搴撴墡瀹炶屾繁鍒葷殑鎶婃彙錛屾棤鐤戞槸浣犲緱浠ュ湪涓嶅悓鐨勬搷浣滅郴緇熴佷笉鍚岀殑寮鍙戠幆澧冧互鍙?qiáng)涓嶅悓鐨勪笟鍔¢鍩熶箣闂淳U墊í椹伴獘鐨勨滄娊璞♀濇湰閽便偮?
鐒惰岋紝涓涓笉鍙惁璁ょ殑鐜板疄鏄紝鍦ㄤ綆闃剁▼搴忚璁¢鍩燂紝C++鎸ゅ帇鐫C鍚屾椂涔熷湪鎵垮彈鐫C鐨勫己鐑堝弽寮癸紝鑰屽湪楂橀樁紼嬪簭璁捐棰嗗煙錛孞ava鍜孋#姝e湪涓嶆柇铓曢鐫C++鐨勫湴鐩樸備篃璁窩++涓嶤鍚堜負(fù)涓浣撴案榪滈兘鏄竴涓ⅵ鎯籌紝涔熻Java鍜孋#鐨勭媯娼粓灝嗚揩浣緾++鍥炲綊鏈綅 鈥?鍥炲埌瀹冩湁鐫鏍規(guī)湰鎬т紭鍔跨殑寮鍙戦鍩燂細(xì)浣庣駭緋葷粺紼嬪簭璁捐銆侀珮綰уぇ瑙勬ā楂樻ц兘搴旂敤璁捐銆佸祵鍏ュ紡紼嬪簭璁捐浠ュ強(qiáng)鏁板肩瀛﹁綆楃瓑銆傛灉鐪熷姝わ紝鎴戣涓鴻繖鏈皾涓嶆槸涓浠跺ソ浜嬨?
C++鍚稿紩濡傛涔嬪鐨勬櫤鍔涙姇鍏ワ紝浠ヨ嚦浜庤繖涓鍩熺殑浼樼浣滃搧錛屽寘鎷噸閲忕駭鐨勮蔣浠朵駭鍝併佺▼搴忓簱浠ュ強(qiáng)涔︾睄絳夛紝鏁頒笉鑳滄暟銆傛枃棰樷淐++紼嬪簭璁捐涔嬪洓涔︿簲緇忊濅竴涓笉澶弗鏍肩殑鍚箟鏄細(xì)C++紼嬪簭璁捐涔嬪洓涔?鈪?浜旂粡銆傛槸鐨勶紝鍦ㄦ湰鏂囷紙鍙?qiáng)鍏朵笅绡囧Q変腑錛屾垜灝嗗垎闂ㄥ埆綾繪帹鑽?0澶氭湰C++濂戒功錛屼綘鍙互鏍規(guī)嵁鑷繁鐨勯渶瑕侀夎銆?
TCPL鍜孌&E
TCPL鍜孌&E鍒嗗埆鏄奣he C++ Programming Language銆嬪拰銆奣he Design and Evolution of C++銆嬬殑綆縐幫紝鍧囧嚭鑷狟jarne Stroustrup涔嬫墜銆傛垜灝嗗畠浠崟鍒楀嚭鏉ワ紝棣栧厛鏄洜涓築jarne鏄疌++璇█鐨勫垱寤鴻咃紝鐒跺悗鏄洜涓烘瘮鈥滈鍏堚濋偅涓師鍥犳洿閲嶈鐨勫師鍥狅細(xì)榪欎袱鏈功鏄疌++棰嗗煙姣嬪焊緗枒鐨勬澃浣溿傝瀹冧滑鏄疌++璇█鍦g粡錛屽茍涓嶄負(fù)榪囥?
Bjarne Stroustrup, The C++ Programming Language (Special 3rd Edition)
銆奀++紼嬪簭璁捐璇█錛堢壒鍒増錛夈嬶紝鏈烘宸ヤ笟鍑虹増紺?
銆奀++紼嬪簭璁捐璇█錛堢壒鍒増錛夛紙鑻辨枃褰卞嵃鐗堬級(jí)銆嬶紝楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増紺?
榪勪粖涓烘錛孴CPL鏄櫎浜?jiǎn)C++鏍囧噯鏂囩尞涔嬪鏈鏉冨▉鐨凜++鍙傝冩墜鍐屻傚拰澶у鏁頒漢鐨勭湅娉曚笉澶т竴鏍鳳紝鎴戣涓築jarne鐨勬枃瀛楄璦騫朵笉閫婅壊浜庝粬鎵鍒涘緩鐨勭▼搴忚璦錛岃嚦灝戞垜鍠滄榪欑瀛﹂櫌姘旀伅嫻撳帤鐨勪綔鍝併傛湰涔﹀C++璇█鐨勬弿榪拌疆寤撻矞鏄庛佺洿鎴簡(jiǎn)褰撱傚畠浠嶤++璇█鍒涘緩鑰呯殑瑙掑害鏉ヨ瀵烠++錛岃繖鏄換浣曞埆鐨勪綔鑰呭拰涔︾睄鍋氫笉鍒扮殑 鈥?娌℃湁浠諱綍浜烘瘮Bjarne鑷繁鏇存竻妤氳鎬庝箞鏉ヤ嬌鐢–++銆?
榪欐槸涓鏈弗鑲冪殑钁椾綔錛屼互涓侀珮綰++寮鍙戜漢鍛樹(shù)負(fù)鐩爣璇昏呫傚鏋滀綘鏄竴鍚嶆湁緇忛獙鐨凜++紼嬪簭鍛橈紝闇瑕佷簡(jiǎn)瑙f洿鍔犳湰璐ㄧ殑C++鐭ヨ瘑錛屾湰涔︽鏄負(fù)浣犺屽啓銆傚畠涓嶆槸閭g璁╀綘鐪嬩簡(jiǎn)浼?xì)涓嶆柇绐冨枩鐨劄畯涔﹀Q岄渶瑕佺敤蹇?jī)浣撲細(xì)锛屽弽澶嶅拃鍤箋傚湪闃呰榪囩▼涓紝璇風(fēng)壒鍒暀蹇?jī)Bjarne鍏堢敓寮鴻皟浜?jiǎn)浠涔堬紝鍙堝浠涔堜竴璇甫榪囥傛垜涓漢姣旇緝鍠滄榪欐湰涔︾殑絎洓閮ㄥ垎鈥滀嬌鐢–++鍋氳璁♀濓紝榪欐牱鐨勫唴瀹瑰湪綾諱技鐨勭▼搴忚璁¤璦涔︾睄涓緢闅劇湅鍒?鈥?鎴戠敋鑷寵涓築jarne搴旇灝嗚繖閮ㄥ垎鐙珛鍑烘潵鍗曠嫭鍐欎竴鏈功銆?
Bjarne Stroustrup, The Design and Evolution of C++
銆奀++璇█鐨勮璁″拰婕斿寲銆嬶紝鏈烘宸ヤ笟鍑虹増紺?
銆奀++璇█鐨勮璁″拰婕斿寲錛堣嫳鏂囩増錛夈嬶紝鏈烘宸ヤ笟鍑虹増紺?
D&E鏄竴鏈叧浜嶤++璇█璁捐鍘熺悊銆佽璁″喅絳栧拰璁捐鍝插鐨勪笓钁椼傚畠娓呮櫚鍦板洖絳斾簡(jiǎn)C++涓轟粈涔堜細(xì)鎴愪負(fù)浠婂ぉ榪欎釜鏍峰瓙鑰屾病鏈夊彉鎴愬彟澶栦竴縐嶈璦銆備綔涓篊++璇█鐨勫垱寤鴻咃紝Bjarne娣嬫紦灝借嚧鍦板睍紺轟簡(jiǎn)浠栫嫭鍒拌屾繁鍒葷殑瑙佽В銆傞櫎浜?jiǎn)骞垮彈璧炶獕鐨勮瑷鐗規(guī)у錛孊jarne娌℃湁鍥為伩閭d簺寮曡搗浜夎鐨勭敋鑷寵鎷掔粷鐨凜++鐗規(guī)э紝浠栦竴涓緇欏嚭浜?jiǎn)閫昏緫涓ュ瘑銆佷護(hù)浜轟俊鏈嶇殑瑙i噴銆傚唴瀹規(guī)兜鐩朇++鐨勫彶鍓嶆椂浠c佸甫綾葷殑C銆丆++鐨勮璁¤鍒欍佹爣鍑嗗寲銆佸簱銆佸唴瀛樼鐞嗐佸閲嶇戶鎵褲佹ā鏉跨瓑錛屽鍖呮嫭寮傚父鏈哄埗銆佽繍琛屾椂綾誨瀷淇℃伅鍜屽悕瀛楃┖闂村湪鍐呯殑閲嶈鐨勬柊鐗規(guī)ч兘鍒嗗埆榪涜浜?jiǎn)娣卞叆鎺㈣銆傛瘡涓鍚岰++紼嬪簭鍛橀兘搴旇鍙互浠嶣jarne鐨勯槓閲婁腑鍔犳繁瀵規(guī)墜涓繖闂ㄨ璦鐨勮璇嗐?
闇瑕佸啀嬈℃彁閱掔殑鏄紝榪欎袱鏈功鐭ヨ瘑嫻撶緝錛屼俊鎭噺鏋佸ぇ錛岃涓嶈閿欒繃Bjarne姣忎竴鍙ョ湅浼兼極涓嶇粡鎰忕殑璇濄?
鍏ラ棬鏁欑▼
瀛︿範(fàn)浠諱綍涓闂ㄨ璦閮介渶瑕佷竴涓粠鍏ラ棬鍒扮簿閫氥佷粠鏂版墜鍒伴珮鎵嬪驚搴忔笎榪涚殑榪囩▼銆備笉榪囷紝瀵逛簬涓涓墍璋撶殑鏂版墜鑰岃█錛岀┒绔熸槸涓涓畬瀹屽叏鍏ㄧ殑鏂版墜錛岃繕鏄竴涓啛鎮(zhèn)夋煇縐嶅埆鐨勮璦鐨勨滄柊鎵嬧濓紝鐢氳嚦鏄湪鏌愮璇█紼嬪簭璁捐棰嗗煙宸茬粡棰囨湁寤烘爲(wèi)鐨勯珮鎵嬶紝寰堥毦涓姒傝岃錛熶笉鍚岀殑C++鏂版墜闇瑕佷笉鍚岀殑鍏ラ棬涔︾睄銆?
Andrew Koenig, Barbara E. Moo, Accelerated C++: Practical Programming by Example
銆夾ccelerated C++涓枃鐗堛嬶紝涓浗鐢?shù)鍔涘嚭鐗埥C?
鍜屽競(jìng)闈笂澶у鏁癈++鏁欑▼涓嶅悓錛屾湰涔︿笉鏄粠鈥淐++涓殑C鈥濆紑濮嬭瑙o紝鑰屾槸濮嬩簬鍦伴亾鐨凜++鐗規(guī)с備粠涓寮濮嬪氨浣跨敤鏍囧噯搴撴潵鍐欑▼搴忥紝闅忕潃璁茶堪鐨勯愭笎娣卞叆錛屽張涓涓瑙i噴榪欎簺鏍囧噯搴撶粍浠舵墍渚濊禆鐨勫熀紜姒傚康銆傚彟澶栵紝鍜屽叾浠朇++鏁欐潗涓嶅悓鐨勬槸錛岃繖鏈功浠ュ疄渚嬫媺鍔ㄨ璦鍜屾爣鍑嗗簱鐨勮瑙o紝瀵瑰悗涓よ呯殑璁茶В鏄負(fù)浜?jiǎn)缁欏疄渚嫿E嬪簭鎻愪緵鏀寔錛岃屼笉鏄儚緇濆ぇ澶氭暟C++鏁欐潗閭f牱錛屼緥瀛愬彧鏄敤浣滄紨紺鴻璦鐗規(guī)у拰鏍囧噯搴撶敤娉曠殑杈呭姪宸ュ叿銆?
浣滆呭湪C++棰嗗煙鐨勭紪紼嬪疄璺點(diǎn)佹暀鑲插煿璁互鍙?qiáng)鎶鏈啓浣滄柟闈㈤兘鏄笘鐣屼竴嫻佹按鍑嗐傛垜鍠滄榪欑澶ч噺浣跨敤鏍囧噯搴撳拰C++璇█鍘熺敓鐗規(guī)х殑娓呮柊鐨勫啓浣滈鏍箋傚湪榪欐湰鏁欐潗闈㈠墠錛屽嚑涔庤縿浠婁負(fù)姝㈢殑鎵鏈塁++鏁欐潗閮介化鐒跺け鑹叉垨鏄懼緱榪囨椂銆傚敖綆¤繖鏈暀鏉愪篃璁稿浜庡浗鍐呯殑楂樻牎鏁欒偛鏉ヨ鏈変簺鍓嶅崼錛屼笉榪囨垜浠嶇劧鏋佸姏鍚戞垜鐨勫悓琛屼滑鎺ㄨ崘銆傞『甯︿竴鎻愶紝鍦˙jarne鍜屾垜鏈榪戠殑涓灝侀氫俊閲岋紝浠栬繖鏍瘋瘎浠鋒湰涔︼細(xì)瀵逛簬鏈夌粡楠岀殑紼嬪簭鍛樺涔?fàn)C++鑰岃█錛岃繖鏈功鍙兘鏄笘鐣屼笂鏈濂界殑涓鏈?
Stanley B.Lippman, Josee Lajoie, C++ Primer (3rd Edition)
銆奀++ Primer (3RD)涓枃鐗堛嬶紝涓浗鐢?shù)鍔涘嚭鐗埥C?
榪欐湰涔︾殑鍚嶅瓧澶氬皯鏈夌偣璁╀漢璇В銆傚敖綆′綔鑰呭0縐拌繖鏈功鏄負(fù)C++鏂版墜鑰屽啓錛屼絾鏃犺鏄畠鐨勫帤搴﹁繕鏄瑙g殑娣卞害閮芥毚闇蹭簡(jiǎn)浼間箮騫墮潪濡傛銆備篃璁歌瀹冩槸涓鏈滀粠鍏ラ棬鍒扮簿閫氣濈殑C++鏁欑▼浼?xì)鏇村悎閫備竴浜涖傛垜涓漢璁や負(fù)瀹冨茍涓嶉傚悎瀹屽叏涓嶆噦C++鐨勫垵瀛﹁?鈥?鍦ㄩ槄璇昏繖鏈功涔嬪墠錛屼綘鑷沖皯搴旇鍏堟湁閭d箞涓鐐笴鎴朇++鐨勮儗鏅煡璇嗭紝鎴栬呰嚦灝戣鍏鋒湁涓浜涘叾浠栬璦鐨勭紪紼嬬粡楠屻?
灝界榪欐湰涔︾渷鐣ヤ簡(jiǎn)涓浜涢珮綰++鐗規(guī)х殑璁ㄨ錛屼絾浠嶇劧鍙互縐板緱涓婃槸榪勪粖涓烘鏈鍏ㄩ潰鐨凜++瀛︿範(fàn)鏁欑▼銆備簨瀹炰笂錛屽鏋滀竴鍚岰++鍒濆鑰呰兘澶熸墡鎵庡疄瀹炲湴璇誨畬鏈功騫跺鐓с奀++ Primer Answer Book銆嬪畬鎴愬叏閮ㄤ範(fàn)棰樼殑璇濓紝浠栫殑姘村鉤鑲畾鍙互榪涘叆鑱屼笟C++紼嬪簭鍛樼殑琛屽垪銆傛垜涓漢璁や負(fù)錛屽嵆浣夸綘宸茬粡鎷ユ湁浜?jiǎn)TCPL錛岃繖鏈功渚濈劧鏈夋嫢鏈夌殑浠峰鹼紝鍥犱負(fù)鍦ㄨ澶氭柟闈㈠畠姣擳CPL鏉ュ緱鏇磋緇嗐佹洿鏄撴噦銆?
Stanley B. Lippman, Essential C++
銆奅ssential C++涓枃鐗堛嬶紝鍗庝腑縐戞妧澶у鍑虹増紺?
銆奅ssential C++錛堝獎(jiǎng)鍗扮増錛夈嬶紝涓浗鐢?shù)鍔涘嚭鐗埥C?
鍙互涓嶅お涓ユ牸鍦拌涓鴻繖鏈功鏄奀++ Primer銆嬬殑綺劇畝鐗堛傛湰涔︿竴涓璁茶堪浜?jiǎn)C++涓渶鍏蜂唬琛ㄦх殑涓婚錛屽寘鎷繃紼嬪紡緙栫▼銆佹硾鍨嬬紪紼嬨佸熀浜庡璞$紪紼嬨侀潰鍚戝璞$紪紼嬨佹ā鏉跨紪紼嬩互鍙?qiáng)寮傚父澶勭悊绛夈係tanley灝嗛棬妲涜皟浣庡埌鈥滃叿鏈夊叾浠栬璦紼嬪簭璁捐緇忛獙鈥濈殑C++鏂版墜鎵鑳芥帴鍙楃殑鏈鍩烘湰鐨勫眰嬈★紝浣夸粬浠兘澶熻繀閫熷紑濮嬩嬌鐢–++緙栫▼鑰屽張鍏嶄簬闃呰銆奀++ Primer銆嬮偅鏍風(fēng)殑澶ч儴澶淬傚畠浠ュ疄渚嬪紩瀵煎涔?fàn)锛屽姏鍥句娇璇昏呭湪鏈鐭殑鏃墮棿鍐呮妸鎻++鐨勭簿綺廣?
涔熻鎹竴涓漢鏉ユ榪癈++緙栫▼鑼冨瀷錛坧aradigm錛夌殑鏂規(guī)柟闈㈤潰闇瑕佸ソ鍑犵櫨欏墊墠鑳借娓呮錛屼絾榪欐湰灝忎功涓嶅彲鎬濊鍦板仛鍒頒簡(jiǎn)榪欎竴鐐廣傛垜涓漢闈炲父鍠滄榪欑婊℃槸鎶鏈佺畝鏄庢壖瑕佸茍涓斺滄湁璇濆ソ濂借鈥濈殑涔︺傝繖鏈功鍚屾牱鍏鋒湁涓涓槑鏄劇殑椋庢牸錛氭墍鏈夌▼搴忎緥瀛愬叏閮ㄩ噰鐢ㄦ爣鍑嗗簱緇勪歡錛岃浜鴻崇洰涓鏂般?
浠ヤ笂涓夋湰涔﹂兘涓嶆槸涓轟簡(jiǎn)瀹屽畬鍏ㄥ叏鐨勭紪紼嬫柊鎵嬭屽啓銆傚畬鍏ㄧ殑C++緙栫▼鏂版墜鍙互闃呰Francis Glassborow鐨勬柊涔︼紙灝氭湭鍑虹増錛夛細(xì)銆夾 Beginners Introduction to Computer Programming : You Can Do It!銆嬨傝繖涔熸槸Bjarne鐨勬帹鑽愩侳rancis Glassborow鏄疉CCU涓誨腑錛屽騫存潵浠栧鍑犱箮姣忎竴鏈珻++緇忓吀鍚嶈憲璇勫ご璁鴻凍錛屼粬鑷繁鐨勮繖涓鏈嚜鐒朵細(xì)寮曡搗C++紺劇兢鐨勬瀬澶у叴瓚c?
楂樻晥銆佸仴澹紪紼?
涓ゅ勾鍓嶆垜鍦ㄨ礋璐d竴涓渷綰х數(shù)鍔涜皟搴︾郴緇熼」鐩椂緙栧啓浜?jiǎn)涓涓綉鍏崇▼搴忥紝瀹冧粠SCADA緋葷粺鑾峰彇鐢?shù)鍔涘疄鏃朵俊鎭傞氳鎺ュ彛閲囩敤浜?jiǎn)涓嶅父鐢ㄧ殑鏁版嵁搴撶洿杩炴柟寮忓Q堣繖涓綉鍏崇▼搴忎竴绔繛鎺QL Server 6.5錛屽彟涓绔繛鎺ralce 8.1.6錛夈傜敱浜庡疄鏃舵祴鐐硅繎涓囷紝姣忔灝嗗叏閮ㄥ彇鏍鋒洿鏂版垨鎻掑叆涓閬嶆樉鐒舵槸浣庢晥鐨勩傛垜鍦ㄧ綉鍏崇▼搴忛噷寤轟簡(jiǎn)涓涓唴瀛樺簱錛岃幏鍙栧埌鐨勬暟鎹鍏堝湪鍏朵腑榪涜姣旇緝錛岀劧鍚庡喅瀹氭槸鍚︽洿鏂扮墿鐞嗘暟鎹簱錛堝悓鏃惰繕鍋氫簡(jiǎn)鍒殑鏇村鏉傜殑浜嬫儏鈥︹︼級(jí)錛屼粠鑰屽湪鏁堢巼鍜岃祫婧愬崰鐢ㄤ袱鏂歸潰杈懼埌浜?jiǎn)棰勬湡鏁堟灉銆?
榪欎釜紼嬪簭涓鐩磋繍琛屽緱寰堝ソ錛屼絾鍦ㄧ寮鐜板満涔嬪悗鐨勬煇涓澶╋紝緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樻墦鏉ョ數(shù)璇濓紝璇村ぇ姒傚洜涓虹綉緇滄晠闅滅瓑鍘熷洜錛屾湁鏃惰繖涓綉鍏崇▼搴忎細(xì)宕╂簝鎺?鈥?瀹冭嚜宸卞穿鎺変篃灝辯艦浜?jiǎn)锛岄棶棰樻槸瀹儤q樹(shù)細(xì)鎶奧indows 2000 Advanced Server鎼炴垚鈥滆摑灞忊濓紒鍧︾櫧鍦拌錛屾垜榪樹(shù)粠鏉ユ病鐪嬭繃鍝釜闈炶搫鎰忕殑紼嬪簭鏈夎繖涓滆兘鑰愨濄傜敱浜庡綋鏃舵蹇欎簬鍙﹀涓涓ぇ欏圭洰錛屾棤娉曞幓鐜板満璋冭瘯錛屾渶鍚庡彧鏈夊嚟緇忛獙瀵瑰唴瀛樺簱浠g爜灝忓績(jī)緲肩考鍦板皝瑁呬互寮傚父澶勭悊浠g爜錛堝悓鏃朵篃鍋氫簡(jiǎn)涓浜涘埆鐨勪慨鏀光︹︼級(jí)銆傝繖鏍鳳紝铏界劧娌℃湁褰誨簳瑙e喅闂錛屼絾紼嬪簭緇堢┒涓嶅啀姝誨緱閭d箞闅劇湅浜?jiǎn)銆?
鍦ㄨ繖鍎胯榪欎箞涓孌佃姳緄湁浠涔堟剰鎬濆憿錛堝綋鍒濅負(fù)閭d釜鍙曠殑bug鏈濇濇毊鎯蟲(chóng)椂鎴戝彲涓嶈涓鴻繖鏄竴涓滆姳緄濓級(jí)錛熸垜鎯寵鐨勬槸錛屽浜庝換浣曡蔣浠惰岃█錛岀寮寮哄仴錛屾晥鐜囦篃灝辨棤浠庤皥璧楓傝屽浜嶤++紼嬪簭鍛樻潵璇達(dá)紝涔熻緙栧啓涓涓珮鏁堢殑紼嬪簭騫朵笉闅撅紝浣嗚緙栧啓涓涓渶瑕? 鈪?24灝忔椂鎸佺畫(huà)榪愯鐨勬湇鍔$杞歡灝變笉鏄偅涔堝鏄撲簡(jiǎn)錛岄渶瑕佽冭檻璁稿鍥犵礌錛屾湁鏃惰繖浜涘洜绱犵敋鑷寵繙榪滆秴鍑篊++璇█鍜屽紑鍙戝伐鍏風(fēng)殑鏈韓銆備綔涓轟竴鍚嶅紑鍙戝疄闄呴」鐩蔣浠剁殑紼嬪簭鍛橈紝騫墮潪闈炲緱鑷繁紕伴拤瀛愭墠鑳界Н绱粡楠岋紝鍙鎴戜滑瓚沖铏氬績(jī)錛屽埆浜虹殑緇忛獙寰寰閮芥槸鎴戜滑寰堝ソ鐨勫熼壌銆傞壌浜庢錛屾垜鎺ㄨ崘浠ヤ笅鍑犳湰涔︿緵浣犻夎錛屽畠浠彲浠ヨ浣犱粠寮哄仴鍜屾晥鐜囦袱鏂歸潰鍙楃泭錛堝綋鐒朵簡(jiǎn)錛屽畠浠兜鐩栫殑鍐呭榪滀笉闄愪簬寮傚父澶勭悊J錛夈?
Scott Meyers, Effective C++: 50 Specific Ways to Improve Your Programs and Design (2nd Edition)
Scott Meyers, More Effective C++: 35 New Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs
銆奅ffective C++涓枃鐗堛嬶紝鍗庝腑縐戞妧澶у鍑虹増紺?
銆奙ore Effective C++涓枃鐗堛嬶紝涓浗鐢?shù)鍔涘嚭鐗埥C?
銆奅ffective C++錛堝獎(jiǎng)鍗扮増錛夈嬶紝涓浗鐢?shù)鍔涘嚭鐗埥C?
濡傛灉璇淬奅ffective C++銆嬩富瑕佽璁篊++涓竴浜涚浉瀵瑰熀紜鐨勬蹇靛拰鎶宸х殑璇濓紝閭d箞銆奙ore Effective C++銆嬪垯鐫閲嶆帰璁ㄤ簡(jiǎn)鍖呮嫭寮傚父澶勭悊鍦ㄥ唴鐨勪竴緋誨垪楂樼駭鎶鏈備笌鍓嶈呯浉姣旓紝鍚庤呭叿鏈変袱澶т富瑕佸尯鍒細(xì)鍏朵竴錛屽畠鍖呭惈寰堝鏃舵柊鐨勬爣鍑咰++鐨勫唴瀹癸紱絎簩錛屽畠璁ㄨ鐨勪富棰樺懼悜浜庘滄垬鐣ュ寲鈥濊岄潪鈥滄垬鏈寲鈥濓紝騫朵笖璁ㄨ寰楁洿娣卞叆銆佹洿褰誨簳銆傚挨鍏舵槸瀵硅櫄鏋愭瀯鍑芥暟銆佹櫤鑳芥寚閽堛佸紩鐢ㄨ鏁頒互鍙?qiáng)浠g悊绫诲Q坧roxy classe錛夌瓑鎶鏈拰妯″紡璁鴻堪鐨勬繁鍏ョ▼搴︼紝璁╀漢寰堥毦鎯寵薄鏄嚭鐜頒簬榪欐牱鐨勪竴鏈皬涔︿箣涓?
娓稿垉鏈変綑鐨勬妧鏈紝楂樿秴鐨勫啓浣滄妧宸э紝Scott鏃犵枒鏄笘鐣屼笂鏈浼樼鐨凜++鎶鏈綔瀹朵箣涓銆傚湪綆媧併佹竻鏅般佹槗璇葷瓑鏂歸潰錛岃繖涓ゆ湰涔﹂兘鍗撳皵涓嶇兢銆傛諱箣錛孲cott鎻愪緵鐨勮繖85涓彲浠ユ敼鍠勭紪紼嬫妧鏈拰璁捐鎬濈淮鐨勬柟娉曪紝閮芥槸涓侀珮綰++紼嬪簭鍛樺繀澶囩殑鎶鑳姐傛垜寮虹儓鎺ㄨ崘榪欎袱鏈功錛堝疄闄呬笂榪樻湁涓鏈紝紼嶅悗灝變細(xì)鐪嬪埌錛夈?
Herb Sutter, Exceptional C++: 47 Engineering Puzzles, Programming Problems, and Solutions
Herb Sutter, More Exceptional C++: 40 New Engineering Puzzles, Programming Problems, and Solutions
銆奅xceptional C++涓枃鐗堛嬶紝涓浗鐢?shù)鍔涘嚭鐗埥C?
銆奙ore Exceptional C++涓枃鐗堛嬶紝鍗庝腑縐戞妧澶у鍑虹増紺?
浣犺嚜璁や負(fù)鏄竴鍚岰++璇█涓撳鍚楋紵璇諱竴璇籌SO C++鏍囧噯濮斿憳?shù)細(xì)绉樹(shù)功闀跨殑杩欎袱鏈功鍐嶅洖绛斻傚湪榪欎袱鏈功涓紝Herb閲囩敤浜?jiǎn)鈥滈棶絳斺濈殑鏂瑰紡鎸囧浣犲涔?fàn)C++璇█鐗規(guī)с傚浜庢瘡涓涓笓棰橈紝Herb棣栧厛鍚堢悊鍦拌鎯沖嚭浣犵殑鐤戦棶鍜屽洶鎯戯紝鎺ョ潃鍙堢寽嫻嬪嚭浣犲崄鏈夊叓涔?jié)鏄敊璇殑瑙={旓紝鐒跺悗緇欎綘浠ユ寚鐐瑰茍鎻愬嚭鏈浣寵В鍐蟲(chóng)柟妗堬紝鏈鍚庤繕褰掔撼鍑?guó)櫑e喅绫讳技闂鐨勬櫘閫傛у師鍒欍?
榪欎袱鏈功鏄吀鍨嬬殑娣辯┒C++璇█緇嗚妭鐨勮憲浣滐紝寰堣杽錛屼絾鍐呭瀵嗛泦錛岃繙榪滆秴榪嘢cott鐨勯偅涓ゆ湰涔︼紝璇昏搗鏉ュ緢璐硅剳絳?鈥?鎴戜釜浜鴻涓哄畠浠姣擲cott鐨勪功闅炬噦寰楀銆傝嫢瑕佺爺涔?fàn)杩欒杽钖勭殑涓ゆ湰涔︽墍鍖呭惈鐨勭煡璇嗭紝鑷沖皯闇瑕佽姳璐規(guī)暟鏈堢殑鏃墮棿錛侊紙鍦⊿cott鐨勮崘搴忎腑錛屼粬鍧﹂檲涓嶆涓嬈¢櫡鍏otW闂鐨勯櫡闃憋紝浣犲簲璇ョ煡閬撹繖鎰忓懗鐫浠涔堬級(jí)瀵逛簬璇█緇嗚妭鐨勬繁絀舵湁浠涔堝ソ澶勫憿錛熷敖綆″湪澶у鏁版儏鍐典笅錛屾垜浠笉蹇呭叧蹇?jī)C++浠g爜騫曞悗鐨勫姩浣滐紝鐒惰屽綋鎴戜滑涓嶅緱涓嶅叧蹇?jī)鏃跺Q岃繖涓ゆ湰涔﹀彲浠ヤ負(fù)鎴戜滑鎻愪緵寰堝ソ鐨勭嚎绱紝鍥犱負(fù)瀹冧滑鎻ず浜?jiǎn)C++璇█涓井濡欒屽張鑷沖叧閲嶈鐨勪笢瑗褲?
Stephen C. Dewhurst, C++ Gotchas: Avoiding Common Problems in Coding and Design
銆奀++紼嬪簭璁捐闄烽槺銆嬶紝涓浗闈掑勾鍑虹増紺?
Stephen鐨勭悊璁虹礌鍏誨拰瀹炶返緇忛獙娉ㄥ畾榪欐槸涓鏈煎緱涓璇葷殑濂戒功銆係tephen鏇劇粡鏄礉灝?dāng)瀹為獙瀹や腑绗竴鎵笴++浣跨敤鑰呫備粬宸茬粡浣跨敤C++鎴愬姛瑙e喅浜?jiǎn)鍖呮嫭缂栬瘧鍣ㄣ佽瘉鍒鎬氦鏄撱佺數(shù)瀛愬晢鍔′互鍙?qiáng)宓屽叆寮従p葷粺絳夐鍩熶腑鐨勯棶棰樸傛湰涔︽眹闆嗕簡(jiǎn)浣滆呮潵鑷紑鍙戜竴綰跨殑99鏉$紪紼嬬湡鐭ョ伡瑙侊紝媧炴?zhèn)夊畠浠Q屼綘鍙互閬垮厤鍑犱箮鎵鏈夊父瑙佺殑C++璁捐鍜岀紪紼嬮棶棰樸?
鎴戠敋鑷寵涓猴紝瀵逛簬C++緙栫▼鑿滈笩鑰岃█錛岄槄璇昏繖鏈功浼?xì)姣旈槄璇籗cott鍜孒erb鐨勪功鏇磋兘杞繪澗鑰岀珛绔胯褰卞湴鑾峰緱鏇村ぇ鐨勬彁楂樸傛垜涓漢寰堝枩嬈㈣繖鏈功鐨勫啓浣滈鏍?鈥?Stephen鐨勮澶氳鐐圭湅浼兼瀬绔嵈鏃犲彲杈╅┏銆傚綋鐒朵簡(jiǎn)錛岃繖縐嶈嚜淇★紙浠ュ強(qiáng)鍐峰菇榛橈級(jí)鏉ヨ嚜浜庝綔鑰呮繁鍘氱殑鎶鏈礌鍏伙紝鑰岄潪鑷ぇ鐨勫亸鎵с?
闄や簡(jiǎn)涓婇潰鎺ㄨ崘鐨勪功綾嶅錛孌ov Bulka鍜?David Mayhew鍚堣憲鐨勩奅fficient C++: Performance Programming Techniques銆嬶紙銆婃彁楂楥++鎬ц兘鐨勭紪紼嬫妧鏈嬶紝娓呭崕澶у鍑虹増紺撅級(jí)涔熷煎緱涓鐪嬨傝繖鏈秴钖勫皬涔﹁仛鐒︿簬楂樻ц兘C++搴旂敤紼嬪簭寮鍙戙備袱浣嶄綔鑰呴兘鏄疘BM杞歡涓撳錛岄兘宸ヤ綔浜庡鎬ц兘瑕佹眰鏋侀珮鐨勭郴緇熸瀯寤洪鍩燂紝鏈功鏄粬浠殑緇忛獙涔嬭皥銆備篃鏈変漢涓嶅枩嬈㈣繖鏈功錛屽洜涓哄畠鑺變簡(jiǎn)涓嶅皯鐨勭瘒騫呰榪板拰C++鏃犲叧鐨勪笢瑗匡紝鎴戝嵈鎭版伆鍥犱負(fù)榪欎竴鐐硅屽榪欐湰涔︿駭鐢熷ソ鎰燂紝姝f槸榪欎簺涓滆タ璁╂垜寮闃斾簡(jiǎn)鐪肩晫銆?
妯℃澘鍜屾硾鍨嬬紪紼?
妯℃澘鍜屽熀浜庢ā鏉跨殑娉涘瀷緙栫▼鏃犵枒鏄綋浠婂彂灞曟渶媧昏穬鐨凜++紼嬪簭璁捐鎶鏈傛ā鏉跨殑絎竴涓潻鍛芥х殑搴旂敤鏄疭TL錛屽畠?yōu)畣妯℃澘鎶鏈湪娉涘瀷瀹瑰櫒鍜岀畻娉曢鍩熺殑榪愮敤灞曠幇寰楁穻婕撳敖鑷達(dá)紝鑰孊oost銆丩oki絳夌幇浠g▼搴忓簱鍒欏皢妯℃澘鎶鏈殑娼滆兘涓嶆柇鍙戞尌鍒版瀬鑷淬傚湪妯℃澘鍜屾硾鍨嬬紪紼嬮鍩燂紝鎴戞帹鑽愪互涓嬩袱鏈噸閲忕駭钁椾綔錛?
David Vandevoorde, Nicolai M. Josuttis, C++ Templates: The Complete Guide
銆奀++ Templates鍏ㄨ錛堢箒浣撶増錛夈嬶紝鍙版咕紕佸嘲璧勮鑲′喚鏈夐檺鍏徃
銆奀++ Templates鍏ㄨ錛堢畝浣撶増錛夈嬶紝浜烘皯閭數(shù)鍑虹増紺?
鏈変竴縐嶈佸鐨勮禐緹庝竴鏈功鐨勬墜娉曪紝澶ц嚧鏄滄病鏈夌湅榪囪繖鏈功錛屼綘灝辨庝箞鎬庝箞鍦扳濓紝榪欓噷闈㈠線寰澶稿紶鐨勬垚鍒嗗眳澶氥備笉榪囷紝鍊樿嫢璇粹滄病鏈夌湅榪囥奀++ Templates: The Complete Guide銆嬶紝浣犲氨涓嶅彲鑳界簿閫欳++妯℃澘緙栫▼鈥濓紝閭d箞榪欎釜璁烘柇瀵逛簬涓栫晫涓婄粷澶у鏁癈++紼嬪簭鍛樻潵璇存槸鎴愮珛鐨勩?
榪欐湰涔﹀~琛ヤ簡(jiǎn)C++妯℃澘涔︾睄棰嗗煙鐢辨潵宸蹭箙鐨勭┖鐧姐傛鍓嶏紝涓婃湁銆奙odern C++ Design銆嬭繖鏍風(fēng)殑涓撴敞浜庢ā鏉塊珮綰х紪紼嬫妧鏈拰娉涘瀷妯″紡鐨勮憲浣滐紝涓嬫湁銆奣he C++ Standard Library銆嬭繖鏍風(fēng)殑閽堝鐗瑰畾妯℃澘妗嗘灦鍜岀粍浠剁殑浣跨敤鎸囧崡銆傜劧鑰岋紝鍋囧瀵規(guī)ā鏉挎満鍒剁己涔忔繁鍏ョ殑鐞嗚В錛屼綘灝卞緢闅鋸滀笂涓嬧濊嚜濡傘傞壌浜庢錛屾垜鍚戞瘡涓浣嶆復(fù)鏈涢忓交鐞嗚ВC++妯℃澘鎶鏈殑鏈嬪弸鎺ㄨ崘榪欐湰涔︺?
榪欐湰涔﹀湪鍐呭湴銆佸彴婀懼悇鏈変竴涓瘧鏈紝浣嗗嚭鑷笉鍚岀殑璇戣呬箣鎵嬨傚綋浣犵湅鍒拌繖綃囨枃绔犳椂錛屼袱涓瘧鏈簲璇ラ兘宸茬粡涓婂競(jìng)錛屽浜庤鑰呮潵璇村綋鐒朵篃灝卞浜?jiǎn)涓縐嶉夋嫨銆備警鎹峰厛鐢熶釜浜虹綉绔欎笂寮鏀句簡(jiǎn)綣佷綋璇戞湰澶ч儴鍒嗙珷鑺傦紝涓嶅Θ鍏堢澒涓哄揩銆?
Andrei Alexandrescu, Modern C++ Design: Generic Programming and Design Patterns Applied
銆奀++璁捐鏂版濈淮錛氭硾鍨嬬紪紼嬩笌璁捐妯″紡涔嬪簲鐢ㄣ嬶紝鍗庝腑縐戞妧澶у鍑虹増紺?
銆奀++璁捐鏂版濈淮錛堝獎(jiǎng)鍗扮増錛夈嬶紝涓浗鐢?shù)鍔涘嚭鐗埥C?
浣犺嚜璁や負(fù)鏄疌++妯℃澘緙栫▼楂樻墜鍚楋紵璇風(fēng)湅榪囪繖鏈功鍐嶅洖絳擩 榪欐槸涓鏈嚭鑷ぉ鎵嶄箣鎵嬩護(hù)浜烘暚鐣忕殑鏉頒綔銆傛硾鍨嬫ā寮忥紝鏃犻檺寤朵幾浣犵殑瑙嗛噹錛岃凍浠ユ寫(xiě)鎴樹(shù)換浣曚竴鍚岰++紼嬪簭鍛樼殑鎬濈淮鏋侀檺銆?
榪欐湰涔﹀叡鍒嗕負(fù)涓ゅぇ閮ㄥ垎錛岀涓閮ㄥ垎璁ㄨ浜?Loki紼嬪簭搴撻噰鐢ㄧ殑鍩虹鎶鏈互鍙?qiáng)涓浜涢珮綰ц璦鐗規(guī)э紝鍖呮嫭鍩轟簬絳栫暐鐨勭被璁捐銆佹ā鏉垮眬閮ㄧ壒鍖栥佺紪璇戞湡鏂█銆乀ypelist浠ュ強(qiáng)灝忓瀷瀵硅薄鍒嗛厤鎶鏈瓑銆傜浜岄儴鍒嗗垯鐫閲嶄粙緇嶄簡(jiǎn)Loki涓殑閲嶈緇勪歡鍜屾硾鍨嬫ā寮忔妧鏈紝鍖呮嫭娉涘寲浠垮嚱鏁幫紙Generalization Functor錛夈佸崟浠訛紙Singleton錛夈佹櫤鑳芥寚閽堛佸璞″伐鍘傦紙Object Factory錛夈佹娊璞″伐鍘傦紙Abstract Factory錛夈佽闂咃紙Visitor錛変互鍙?qiáng)澶氭栆?guī)硶錛圡ultimethods錛夌瓑銆傛瘡涓縐嶆妧鏈兘璁╀漢澶у紑鐪肩晫錛屽徆涓鴻姝€?
鍦–++鐨勫涔?fàn)鏂归潰锛寴q囩姽涓嶅強(qiáng)寰寰鎴愪簡(jiǎn)涓嶆眰鐢氳В鐨勫熷彛銆傜劧鑰岋紝闈㈠悜瀵硅薄騫墮潪C++鐨勫叏閮紝妯℃澘鍜屾硾鍨嬬紪紼嬩害鍗犲崐澹佹睙灞便傚浜庘滀弗鑲冣濈殑C++紼嬪簭鍛樿岃█錛屽強(qiáng)鏃惰窡榪涜繖欏規(guī)棭緇忎緥璇佺殑鎴愬姛鎶鏈紝涓嶅け涓烘槑鏅轟箣涓俱?
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榪欎簺钁椾綔鏄姝ゅぇ鍚嶉紟榧庯紝涔熻鏍規(guī)湰涓嶇己鎴戜竴涓帹鑽愩傜劧鑰岋紝綰電劧C++紼嬪簭鍛橀槦浼嶇殑鍙戝睍澹ぇ閫熷害涓嶅儚鍏朵粬鏇存椂楂︾殑璇█閭f牱榪呴燂紝鏂頒漢榪涙繪槸澶氫簬鏃т漢鍑恒傞櫎浜?jiǎn)鐑勘鍦皨脾杩庢栴C漢錛屾垜涓漢璁や負(fù)鍒頒簡(jiǎn)瀵笴++涔︾睄榪涜鈥滅洏鐐光濈殑鏃跺欎簡(jiǎn)錛屽茍涓斿笇鏈涜繖鏍風(fēng)殑鈥滅洏鐐光濇湁鐩婁簬鎰熷叴瓚g殑璇昏呫傝淇濇寔鑰愬績(jī)鍜屽鍘氥傚湪涓嬬瘒涓紝鎴戝皢緇х畫(huà)浠嬬粛鏍囧噯搴撱佺綉緇滅紪紼嬩互鍙?qiáng)鍏朵粬鏂归潰鐨凜++濂戒功銆傛湁濂戒功鐩鎬即錛岃繖涓啲澶╀笉浼?xì)鍐?/font>
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C++ STL綆浠?/td> | |
鍘熷垱錛?a >鎬掔伀涔嬭 | 2002騫?0鏈?8鏃? |
STL錛圫tandard Template Library錛屾爣鍑嗘ā鏉垮簱)鏄儬鏅疄楠屽寮鍙戠殑涓緋誨垪杞歡鐨勭粺縐般傚畠鏄敱Alexander Stepanov銆丮eng Lee鍜孌avid R Musser鍦ㄦ儬鏅疄楠屽宸ヤ綔鏃舵墍寮鍙戝嚭鏉ョ殑銆傜幇鍦ㄨ櫧璇村畠涓昏鍑虹幇鍦–++涓紝浣嗗湪琚紩鍏++涔嬪墠璇ユ妧鏈氨宸茬粡瀛樺湪浜?jiǎn)寰堥暱鐨勪竴孌墊椂闂淬?/p>
STL鐨勪唬鐮佷粠騫夸箟涓婅鍒嗕負(fù)涓夌被錛歛lgorithm錛堢畻娉曪級(jí)銆乧ontainer錛堝鍣級(jí)鍜宨terator錛堣凱浠e櫒錛夛紝鍑犱箮鎵鏈夌殑浠g爜閮介噰鐢ㄤ簡(jiǎn)妯℃澘綾誨拰妯$増鍑芥暟鐨勬柟寮忥紝榪欑浉姣斾簬浼犵粺鐨勭敱鍑芥暟鍜岀被緇勬垚鐨勫簱鏉ヨ鎻愪緵浜?jiǎn)鏇村ソ鐨勪唬鐮侀噸鐢ㄦ溵Z細(xì)銆傚湪C++鏍囧噯涓紝STL琚粍緇囦負(fù)涓嬮潰鐨?3涓ご鏂囦歡錛?lt;algorithm>銆?lt;deque>銆?lt;functional>銆?lt;iterator>銆?lt;vector>銆?lt;list>銆?lt;map>銆?lt;memory>銆?lt;numeric>銆?lt;queue>銆?lt;set>銆?lt;stack>鍜?lt;utility>銆備互涓嬬瑪鑰呭氨綆鍗曚粙緇嶄竴涓婼TL鍚勪釜閮ㄥ垎鐨勪富瑕佺壒鐐廣?/p>
澶у閮借兘鍙栧緱鐨勪竴涓叡璇嗘槸鍑芥暟搴撳鏁版嵁綾誨瀷鐨勯夋嫨瀵瑰叾鍙噸鐢ㄦц搗鐫鑷沖叧閲嶈鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ備婦渚嬫潵璇達(dá)紝涓涓眰鏂規(guī)牴鐨勫嚱鏁幫紝鍦ㄤ嬌鐢ㄦ誕鐐規(guī)暟浣滀負(fù)鍏跺弬鏁扮被鍨嬬殑鎯呭喌涓嬬殑鍙噸鐢ㄦц偗瀹氭瘮浣跨敤鏁村瀷浣滀負(fù)瀹冪殑鍙傛暟綾繪ц楂樸傝孋++閫氳繃妯℃澘鐨勬満鍒跺厑璁告帹榪熷鏌愪簺綾誨瀷鐨勯夋嫨錛岀洿鍒扮湡姝f兂浣跨敤妯℃澘鎴栬呰瀵規(guī)ā鏉胯繘琛岀壒鍖栫殑鏃跺欙紝STL灝卞埄鐢ㄤ簡(jiǎn)榪欎竴鐐規(guī)彁渚涗簡(jiǎn)鐩稿綋澶氱殑鏈夌敤綆楁硶銆傚畠鏄湪涓涓湁鏁堢殑妗嗘灦涓畬鎴愯繖浜涚畻娉曠殑鈥斺斾綘鍙互灝嗘墍鏈夌殑綾誨瀷鍒掑垎涓哄皯鏁扮殑鍑犵被錛岀劧鍚庡氨鍙互鍦ㄦā鐗堢殑鍙傛暟涓嬌鐢ㄤ竴縐嶇被鍨嬫浛鎹㈡帀鍚屼竴縐嶇被涓殑鍏朵粬綾誨瀷銆?/p>
STL鎻愪緵浜?jiǎn)澶ЬU?00涓疄鐜扮畻娉曠殑妯$増鍑芥暟錛屾瘮濡傜畻娉昮or_each灝嗕負(fù)鎸囧畾搴忓垪涓殑姣忎竴涓厓绱犺皟鐢ㄦ寚瀹氱殑鍑芥暟錛宻table_sort浠ヤ綘鎵鎸囧畾鐨勮鍒欏搴忓垪榪涜紼沖畾鎬ф帓搴忕瓑絳夈傝繖鏍蜂竴鏉ワ紝鍙鎴戜滑鐔熸?zhèn)変簡(jiǎn)STL涔嬪悗錛岃澶氫唬鐮佸彲浠ヨ澶уぇ鐨勫寲綆錛屽彧闇瑕侀氳繃璋冪敤涓涓や釜綆楁硶妯℃澘錛屽氨鍙互瀹屾垚鎵闇瑕佺殑鍔熻兘騫跺ぇ澶у湴鎻愬崌鏁堢巼銆?/p>
綆楁硶閮ㄥ垎涓昏鐢卞ご鏂囦歡<algorithm>錛?lt;numeric>鍜?lt;functional>緇勬垚銆?lt;algorithm>鏄墍鏈塖TL澶存枃浠朵腑鏈澶х殑涓涓紙灝界瀹冨緢濂界悊瑙o級(jí)錛屽畠鏄敱涓澶у爢妯$増鍑芥暟緇勬垚鐨勶紝鍙互璁や負(fù)姣忎釜鍑芥暟鍦ㄥ緢澶х▼搴︿笂閮芥槸鐙珛鐨勶紝鍏朵腑甯哥敤鍒扮殑鍔熻兘鑼冨洿娑夊強(qiáng)鍒版瘮杈冦佷氦鎹€佹煡鎵俱侀亶鍘嗘搷浣溿佸鍒躲佷慨鏀廣佺Щ闄ゃ佸弽杞佹帓搴忋佸悎騫剁瓑絳夈?lt;numeric>浣撶Н寰堝皬錛屽彧鍖呮嫭鍑犱釜鍦ㄥ簭鍒椾笂闈㈣繘琛岀畝鍗曟暟瀛﹁繍綆楃殑妯℃澘鍑芥暟錛屽寘鎷姞娉曞拰涔樻硶鍦ㄥ簭鍒椾笂鐨勪竴浜涙搷浣溿?lt;functional>涓垯瀹氫箟浜?jiǎn)涓浜涙ā鏉跨被錛岀敤浠ュ0鏄庡嚱鏁板璞°?/p>
鍦ㄥ疄闄呯殑寮鍙戣繃紼嬩腑錛屾暟鎹粨鏋勬湰韜殑閲嶈鎬т笉浼?xì)閫婁簬鎿嶄綔浜庢暟鎹粨鏋勭殑綆楁硶鐨勯噸瑕佹э紝褰撶▼搴忎腑瀛樺湪鐫瀵規(guī)椂闂磋姹傚緢楂樼殑閮ㄥ垎鏃訛紝鏁版嵁緇撴瀯鐨勯夋嫨灝辨樉寰楁洿鍔犻噸瑕併?/p>
緇忓吀鐨勬暟鎹粨鏋勬暟閲忔湁闄愶紝浣嗘槸鎴戜滑甯稿父閲嶅鐫涓浜涗負(fù)浜?jiǎn)瀹炵幇鍚戦噺銆侀摼琛ㄧ瓑緇撴瀯鑰岀紪鍐欑殑浠g爜錛岃繖浜涗唬鐮侀兘鍗佸垎鐩鎬技錛屽彧鏄負(fù)浜?jiǎn)閫傚簲涓嶅悓鏁版嵁鐨勫彉鍖栬屽湪緇嗚妭涓婃湁鎵鍑哄叆銆係TL瀹瑰櫒灝變負(fù)鎴戜滑鎻愪緵浜?jiǎn)杩欐狅L(fēng)殑鏂逛究錛屽畠鍏佽鎴戜滑閲嶅鍒╃敤宸叉湁鐨勫疄鐜版瀯閫犺嚜宸辯殑鐗瑰畾綾誨瀷涓嬬殑鏁版嵁緇撴瀯錛岄氳繃璁劇疆涓浜涙ā鐗堢被錛孲TL瀹瑰櫒瀵規(guī)渶甯哥敤鐨勬暟鎹粨鏋勬彁渚涗簡(jiǎn)鏀寔錛岃繖浜涙ā鏉跨殑鍙傛暟鍏佽鎴戜滑鎸囧畾瀹瑰櫒涓厓绱犵殑鏁版嵁綾誨瀷錛屽彲浠ュ皢鎴戜滑璁稿閲嶅鑰屼箯鍛崇殑宸ヤ綔綆鍖栥?/p>
瀹瑰櫒閮ㄥ垎涓昏鐢卞ご鏂囦歡<vector>,<list>,<deque>,<set>,<map>,<stack>鍜?lt;queue>緇勬垚銆傚浜庡父鐢ㄧ殑涓浜涘鍣ㄥ拰瀹瑰櫒閫傞厤鍣紙鍙互鐪嬩綔鐢卞叾瀹冨鍣ㄥ疄鐜扮殑瀹瑰櫒錛夛紝鍙互閫氳繃涓嬭〃鎬葷粨涓涓嬪畠浠拰鐩稿簲澶存枃浠剁殑瀵瑰簲鍏崇郴銆?/p>
鏁版嵁緇撴瀯 | 鎻忚堪 | 瀹炵幇澶存枃浠?/font> |
鍚戦噺(vector) | 榪炵畫(huà)瀛樺偍鐨勫厓绱?/td> | <vector> |
鍒楄〃(list) | 鐢辮妭鐐圭粍鎴愮殑鍙屽悜閾捐〃錛屾瘡涓粨鐐瑰寘鍚潃涓涓厓绱?/td> | <list> |
鍙岄槦鍒?deque) | 榪炵畫(huà)瀛樺偍鐨勬寚鍚戜笉鍚屽厓绱犵殑鎸囬拡鎵緇勬垚鐨勬暟緇?/td> | <deque> |
闆嗗悎(set) | 鐢辮妭鐐圭粍鎴愮殑綰㈤粦鏍?wèi)锛屾瘡涓妭鐐归兘鍖呭惈鐫涓涓厓绱狅紝鑺傜偣涔嬮棿浠ユ煇縐嶄綔鐢ㄤ簬鍏冪礌瀵圭殑璋撹瘝鎺掑垪錛屾病鏈変袱涓笉鍚岀殑鍏冪礌鑳藉鎷ユ湁鐩稿悓鐨勬搴?/td> | <set> |
澶氶噸闆嗗悎(multiset) | 鍏佽瀛樺湪涓や釜嬈″簭鐩哥瓑鐨勫厓绱犵殑闆嗗悎 | <set> |
鏍?stack) | 鍚庤繘鍏堝嚭鐨勫肩殑鎺掑垪 | <stack> |
闃熷垪(queue) | 鍏堣繘鍏堝嚭鐨勬墽鐨勬帓鍒?/td> | <queue> |
浼樺厛闃熷垪(priority_queue) | 鍏冪礌鐨勬搴忔槸鐢變綔鐢ㄤ簬鎵瀛樺偍鐨勫煎涓婄殑鏌愮璋撹瘝鍐沖畾鐨勭殑涓縐嶉槦鍒?/td> | <queue> |
鏄犲皠(map) | 鐢眥閿紝鍊紏瀵圭粍鎴愮殑闆嗗悎錛屼互鏌愮浣滅敤浜庨敭瀵逛笂鐨勮皳璇嶆帓鍒?/td> | <map> |
澶氶噸鏄犲皠(multimap) | 鍏佽閿鏈夌浉絳夌殑嬈″簭鐨勬槧灝?/td> | <map> |
涓嬮潰瑕佽鐨勮凱浠e櫒浠庝綔鐢ㄤ笂鏉ヨ鏄渶鍩烘湰鐨勯儴鍒嗭紝鍙槸鐞嗚В璧鋒潵姣斿墠涓よ呴兘瑕佽垂鍔涗竴浜涳紙鑷沖皯絎旇呮槸榪欐牱錛夈傝蔣浠惰璁℃湁涓涓熀鏈師鍒欙紝鎵鏈夌殑闂閮藉彲浠ラ氳繃寮曡繘涓涓棿鎺ュ眰鏉ョ畝鍖栵紝榪欑綆鍖栧湪STL涓氨鏄敤榪唬鍣ㄦ潵瀹屾垚鐨勩傛鎷潵璇達(dá)紝榪唬鍣ㄥ湪STL涓敤鏉ュ皢綆楁硶鍜屽鍣ㄨ仈緋昏搗鏉ワ紝璧風(fēng)潃涓縐嶉粡鍜屽墏鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ傚嚑涔嶴TL鎻愪緵鐨勬墍鏈夌畻娉曢兘鏄氳繃榪唬鍣ㄥ瓨鍙栧厓绱犲簭鍒楄繘琛屽伐浣滅殑錛屾瘡涓涓鍣ㄩ兘瀹氫箟浜?jiǎn)鍏舵湰桧n鎵涓撴湁鐨勮凱浠e櫒錛岀敤浠ュ瓨鍙栧鍣ㄤ腑鐨勫厓绱犮?/p>
榪唬鍣ㄩ儴鍒嗕富瑕佺敱澶存枃浠?lt;utility>,<iterator>鍜?lt;memory>緇勬垚銆?lt;utility>鏄竴涓緢灝忕殑澶存枃浠訛紝瀹冨寘鎷簡(jiǎn)璐┛浣跨敤鍦⊿TL涓殑鍑犱釜妯℃澘鐨勫0鏄庯紝<iterator>涓彁渚涗簡(jiǎn)榪唬鍣ㄤ嬌鐢ㄧ殑璁稿鏂規(guī)硶錛岃屽浜?lt;memory>鐨勬弿榪板垯鍗佸垎鐨勫洶闅撅紝瀹冧互涓嶅悓瀵誨父鐨勬柟寮忎負(fù)瀹瑰櫒涓殑鍏冪礌鍒嗛厤瀛樺偍絀洪棿錛屽悓鏃朵篃涓烘煇浜涚畻娉曟墽琛屾湡闂翠駭鐢熺殑涓存椂瀵硅薄鎻愪緵鏈哄埗,<memory>涓殑涓昏閮ㄥ垎鏄ā鏉跨被allocator錛屽畠璐熻矗浜х敓鎵鏈夊鍣ㄤ腑鐨勯粯璁ゅ垎閰嶅櫒銆?/p>
瀵逛簬涔嬪墠涓嶅お浜?jiǎn)瑙TL鐨勮鑰呮潵璇達(dá)紝涓婇潰鐨勬枃瀛楀彧鏄崄鍒嗘鎷湴鎻忚堪浜?jiǎn)涓涓婼TL鐨勬鏋訛紝瀵規(guī)偍鐞嗚ВSTL鐨勬満鍒朵箖鑷充嬌鐢⊿TL鎵璧峰埌鐨勫府鍔╁井涔庣敋寰紝榪欎笉鍏夋槸鍥犱負(fù)娣卞叆STL闇瑕佸C++鐨勯珮綰у簲鐢ㄦ湁姣旇緝鍏ㄩ潰鐨勪簡(jiǎn)瑙o紝鏇村洜涓篠TL鐨勪笁涓儴鍒嗙畻娉曘佸鍣ㄥ拰榪唬鍣ㄤ笁閮ㄥ垎鏄簰鐩哥壍鍒舵垨鑰呰鏄揣瀵嗙粨鍚堢殑銆備粠姒傚康涓婅鏈鍩虹鐨勯儴鍒嗘槸榪唬鍣紝鍙槸鐩存帴瀛︿範(fàn)榪唬鍣ㄤ細(xì)閬囧埌璁稿鎶借薄鏋嚗鍜岀箒鐞愮殑緇嗚妭錛岀劧鑰屼笉鐪熸鐞嗚В榪唬鍣ㄥ張鏄棤娉曠洿鎺ヨ繘鍏ュ彟涓ら儴鍒嗙殑瀛︿範(fàn)鐨勶紙鑷沖皯瀵瑰墫鏋愭簮鐮佹潵璇存槸榪欐牱錛夈傚彲浠ヨ錛岄傚簲STL澶勭悊闂鐨勬柟娉曟槸闇瑕佽姳璐逛竴瀹氱殑鏃墮棿鐨勶紝浣嗘槸浠ユ涓轟唬浠鳳紝STL鍙栧緱浜?jiǎn)涓縐嶅崄鍒嗗彲璐電殑鐙珛鎬э紝瀹冮氳繃榪唬鍣ㄨ兘鍦ㄥ敖鍙兘灝戝湴鐭ラ亾鏌愮鏁版嵁緇撴瀯鐨勬儏鍐典笅瀹屾垚瀵硅繖涓緇撴瀯鐨勮繍綆楋紝鎵浠ヤ笅鍐沖績(jī)閽葷爺STL鐨勬湅鍙嬩滑鍗冧竾涓嶈琚竴鏃剁殑鍥伴毦鍑誨掋傚叾瀹濻TL榪愮敤鐨勬ā寮忕浉瀵圭粺涓錛屽彧瑕侀傚簲浜?jiǎn)瀹冨Q屼粠涓涓猄TL宸ュ叿鍒板彟涓涓伐鍏鳳紝閮戒笉浼?xì)鏈変粈涔堝ぇ鐨勫彉鍖栥?/p>
瀵逛簬STL鐨勪嬌鐢紝涔熸櫘閬嶅瓨鍦ㄧ潃涓ょ瑙傜偣銆傜涓縐嶈涓篠TL鐨勬渶澶т綔鐢ㄥ湪浜庡厖褰撶粡鍏哥殑鏁版嵁緇撴瀯鍜岀畻娉曟暀鏉愶紝鍥犱負(fù)瀹冪殑婧愪唬鐮佹秹鍙?qiáng)浜?jiǎn)璁稿鍏蜂綋瀹炵幇鏂歸潰鐨勯棶棰樸傜浜岀鍒欒涓篠TL鐨勫垵琛蜂箖鏄負(fù)浜?jiǎn)绠鍖栬璁★紝閬垮厤閲嶅鍔沖姩錛屾彁楂樼紪紼嬫晥鐜囷紝鍥犳搴旇鏄滃簲鐢ㄨ嚦涓娾濈殑錛屽浜庢簮浠g爜鍒欎笉蹇呮繁絀躲傜瑪鑰呭垯璁や負(fù)鍒嗘瀽婧愪唬鐮佸拰搴旂敤騫朵笉鐭涚浘錛岄氳繃鍒嗘瀽婧愪唬鐮佷篃鑳芥彁楂樻垜浠鍏跺簲鐢ㄧ殑鐞嗚В錛屽綋鐒舵牴鎹叿浣撶殑鐩殑涔熷彲浠ユ湁涓嶅悓鐨勪晶閲嶃?/p>
鏈鍚庤璇寸殑鏄紝STL鏄疉NSI/ISO C++鏍囧噯鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎錛屾墍浠ュ浜庝竴涓彲浠ユ湁澶氱C++瀹炵幇鐨勮繃紼嬶紝棣栧厛鑰冭檻鐨勫簲璇ユ槸STL鎻愪緵鐨勬ā鏉匡紙楂樻晥涓斿彲縐繪鎬уソ錛夛紝鍏舵鎵嶆槸鍚勪釜鍘傚晢鍚勮嚜鐩稿簲鐨勫簱錛堥珮鏁堜絾鍙Щ妞嶆т笉濂斤級(jí)浠ュ強(qiáng)鑷繁鍘葷紪鍐欎唬鐮侊紙鍙Щ妞嶆уソ浣嗕綆鏁堬級(jí)銆?/p>
聽(tīng)};
聽(tīng)template <typename T2>
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)void print(T2 a)
聽(tīng){
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)cout<<a;
聽(tīng)};
protected:
private:
};
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 1涓ソ鐨勪緥瀛?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) template聽(tīng)<typename T>聽(tīng)聽(tīng) class A聽(tīng)聽(tīng)
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) {聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)public:
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) template <typename T1>聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) A&聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) operator =(const A<T1> & );
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) }
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)濡傛 鍒橝 鐨勫璞?鍙互鐢ㄥ叾浠栧瀷鐨勫璞¤祴鍊間簡(jiǎn)
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 鍦ㄤ嬌鐢ㄦ椂鎵嶅疄渚嬪寲
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 浣嗘槸鍏跺畾涔夋瘮杈冮獓浜?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) template <typename T>
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) template<typename T1>
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) A<T>&聽(tīng) A<T>::operator=(const A<T1>& a)
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) {聽(tīng) ...........................}
6.綾繪ā鐗堢殑鐗瑰寲
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 鐗瑰寲1涓被妯℃澘錛堟墍鏈夋垚鍛樺繀欏葷壒鍖栧寘鎷潤(rùn)鎬佺被鏁版嵁鎴愬憳(vc),浣嗗弸鍏冩ā鏉匡紙1錛?錛夊彲浠?br />涓嶇壒鍖栵紝褰撲綔涓涓樉紺哄疄鍙傜殑鍑芥暟妯℃澘澶勭悊鍗沖彲錛?鎴?鐗瑰寲1涓ā鏉?鎴愬憳鍑芥暟
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)妯℃澘鎴愬憳鍑芥暟鐗瑰寲鏄畾涔夊繀欏誨嚭鐜板湪瀹炵幇鏂囦歡錛坈pp)涓?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 璇硶涓?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) void man<int>::f(void)
{
............................
}
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)
綾葷壒鍖?br />聽(tīng)template <>
class man<int>
{
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) ......//涓墍鏈夌被鍨嬪弬鏁頒互int 鏇夸唬
};
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)man<int>::man()
{
......
}
void man<int>::f(void)
{
}
娉ㄦ剰聽(tīng) 綾繪垚鍛樹(shù)腑
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) static const 鏈夊簭綾誨瀷鍙互鍦ㄤ綋鍐呭垵濮嬪寲static const int a=10;
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 浠呬粎static聽(tīng) 蹇呴』鍦ㄤ綋澶?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) static int a;
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) int聽(tīng)woman::a=10;
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)闈?鐗瑰寲
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) template <typename T>
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) int man<T>::size=10;
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 鐗瑰寲
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) int man<char>::size=10;
7鍋忕壒鍖?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 綾繪ā鏉挎湁1涓互涓婃ā鐗堝弬鏁幫紙綾誨瀷鍙傛暟錛岄潪綾誨瀷鍙傛暟錛?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 鏌愪簺妯$増鍙傛暟 琚疄闄呯殑鍨嬪拰鍊煎彇浠o紙娉ㄦ剰鏄?鍙栦唬 錛屼笉鏄鍔狅紝鍑忓皯錛?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 濡傦細(xì)
//////////////////澶存枃浠?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) template <typename T1,typename T2,int size>
class wc
{
public:
聽(tīng)wc()
聽(tīng){
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)cout<<"\n int T1,T2, int";
聽(tīng)}
protected:
private:
};
template <typename T,int size>
class聽(tīng) wc<T* ,T,size>
{
public:
聽(tīng)wc()
聽(tīng){
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)cout<<"\n in T *, T ,size";
聽(tīng)}
protected:
private:
};
template <typename T,int size>
class聽(tīng) wc<T* ,float,size>
{
public:
聽(tīng)wc()
聽(tīng){
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)cout<<"\n in T* ,float,size";
聽(tīng)}
protected:
private:
};
template <typename T>
class聽(tīng) wc<T* ,float,80>
{
public:
聽(tīng)wc()
聽(tīng){
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)cout<<"\n in T* ,float,80";
聽(tīng)}
protected:
private:
};
///////澶存枃浠?br />//////main()
wc<int,float,10> wc1;
聽(tīng)wc<int* ,int ,20> wc2;
聽(tīng)wc<int*,float,39> wc3;
wc<int*,float,80>wc4;
///////main() ,鍦╲c 7 涓婇氳繃
//////main()
8.棰勮妯℃澘鍙傛暟(鍙湁鍦ㄧ被妯℃澘涓墠鎸囧畾 錛? .聽(tīng) 鏄庣‘鎸囧畾 a<int,int>聽(tīng)聽(tīng) ,鐩存帴瀹氫箟鏃?man<>聽(tīng) kkk;2. a<T,T> )
template <typename T,typename T1=float>
class man
{
..........
}
鍐欏埌榪欓噷紿佺劧鎯沖埌
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) class A {
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)virtual void聽(tīng)聽(tīng) print();
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) };
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) class B:public A {
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) virtual void print();
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) };
B b;
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) A *a =&b;
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) a->print();//璋冪敤 B鐨勶紝姝ゆ椂 print()涓殑this 鎸囬拡鏄?tīng)B * const,浣跨敤B 鐨勬帴鍙B?
9.鍙岄噸妯℃澘鍙傛暟錛堝緢鏈夌敤錛?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) template <typename T,typename G =man<T> >
聽(tīng)class baby
聽(tīng){
聽(tīng)public:
聽(tīng) baby ()
聽(tīng) {
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) cout<<"\n in baby";
聽(tīng) }
聽(tīng)protected:
聽(tīng)private:
聽(tīng)};//綾誨瀷鍙傛暟鍙互鏄?綾葷被鍨?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)
baby<int, man<float> > b;聽(tīng) //ok
////////////////////////
template <typename T,template <typename G> class TT>//鍙互鐪佺暐涓?template <typename T聽(tīng) ,template<typename>聽(tīng)聽(tīng)class聽(tīng)聽(tīng)TT>
聽(tīng)class聽(tīng) son
聽(tīng){
聽(tīng)public:
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) TT<T> * a;聽(tīng)
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) son()
聽(tīng)聽(tīng){
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) a=0;
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)cout<<"\n in son";
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)}
聽(tīng)protected:
聽(tīng)private:
聽(tīng)};
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) son<int, man> b;//鍒欏氨鍚湁浜?man<int > * a;
TT 鏄ā鏉垮崰浣嶇鍙鳳紝鏄竴涓甫1涓被鍨嬪弬鏁扮殑綾繪ā鏉匡紝濡傛灉鍏舵湁榛樿妯℃澘鍙傛暟 鍒欏拷鐣ユ帀聽(tīng)聽(tīng)
鎵浠ヂ?tīng)GG鑻ュ甫榛樿 鐨勬ā鏉?搴旇濡備笅
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) template <typename T, template <typename T2, typename= man<T2>聽(tīng) > class GG>
class son
{
}
/////////聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 綾繪ā鏉跨被鍨嬪弬鏁?鍚屾椂榪樺彲浠ユ槸 綾繪ā鏉?br />
10. 瀛楃涓插父閲忓湪妯℃澘涓殑娉ㄦ剰浜嬮」
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) char * a="hi ,friend ";///"hi, friend"聽(tīng) 鏂囧瓧甯擱噺 鏄?const char [10] 綾誨瀷聽(tīng) 宸﹀艱漿鎹㈠埌 const char *
闄愬畾杞崲鍒?char *,
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) template <typename T銆?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) ostream& operator <<(ostream & os, const T & b)錛?/娉ㄦ剰鍙湁const聽(tīng)鎵嶈兘鎺ュ彈涓存椂鍙橀噺
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) cout<<"hi,friend";聽(tīng)聽(tīng)
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) cout<<"bad";
/////2涓笉鍚岀殑妯℃澘瀹炰緥
聽(tīng)聽(tīng) typeid(鍙橀噺).name();///鐩存帴鎵撳嵃鍑哄彉閲忕被鍨?br />鍐欏埌榪欙紝闂叉壇涓嬶細(xì)
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 鏍堝尯錛屽爢鍖猴紝鍏ㄥ眬錛堥潤(rùn)鎬侊級(jí)鍖猴紝鏂囧瓧甯擱噺錛屼唬鐮佸尯錛?涓ぇ鍖猴紝榪欎釜鏄垜鍚鐨?br />////////////////////////////////////////////////
11.妯℃澘鐨勭紪璇戞ā鍨?br />聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 鍦ㄥ疄渚嬪寲鐐瑰繀欏昏兘鎵懼埌瀹氫箟//鍘熷垯
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng) 鍙兘浣跨敤鍖呭惈妯″紡浜?jiǎn)锛?br />a..h. cpp聽(tīng)鍦?h鏈鍚庝竴琛屽寘鍚繘 cpp
b.聽(tīng)鍏ㄩ儴鍦╤聽(tīng)鎴?cpp
聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)鍒嗙妯″紡,鐩墠鏀寔鐨別xport 鍏抽敭瀛梚鐨勭紪璇戝櫒寰堝皯錛坴c.net 涓嶆敮鎸侊級(jí)
12.
鍑芥暟鎸囬拡綾誨瀷涔熻兘鍋氭ā鏉跨被鍨嬪弬鏁?br />
13.
妯℃澘鍙傛暟鍙互鏄釜綾繪ā鏉柯?tīng)?
template <typename T>
class a
{
};
a< vector <int> >;
template <typename T, typename T2,template <typename T,typename T2> class con聽(tīng) >
void add(con<T,T2>,con<T,T2>)
{
聽(tīng)cout<<"ok";
}
add(a,b)//鐗規(guī)畩鍦ㄤ簬 闇瑕佹帹瀵?vc 7 鍙互浠幝?綾繪ā鏉夸腑鎺ㄥ鍑哄弬鏁扮被鍨?/p>
template <typename T,template <typename T2,typename T3> class con >
class ggoo
{
public:
聽(tīng)con<T,T> a;
con<int,int> b;
protected:
private:
};
ggoo<int,double, b> kk;//b<int,double>, con 鐨勬ā鏉垮弬鏁板彲浠ヤ換鎰?br />聽(tīng)