锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>久久无码精品一区二区三区,久久九九久精品国产免费直播,嫩草影院久久99 http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/category/7330.htmlzh-cn Sat, 01 Nov 2008 13:23:26 GMT Sat, 01 Nov 2008 13:23:26 GMT 60 鍐呭瓨瀵歸綈,little endian 鍜宐ig endian http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/27/65219.htmlapacs apacs Mon, 27 Oct 2008 09:17:00 GMT http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/27/65219.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/65219.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/27/65219.html#Feedback 0 http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/commentRss/65219.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/services/trackbacks/65219.html
class Test { public 錛?br> short int a; int b; char c[ 5 ]; public : Test():b(0x 1234 ),a(b) { c[ 0 ] = ' h ' ; c[ 1 ] = ' e ' ; c[ 2 ] = ' l ' ; c[ 3 ] = ' l ' ; c[ 4 ] = ' o ' ; // 鎴戞槸緇濆榪欓噷搴旇璧嬪間負(fù)'\0' } }int main() { Test t; cout << a << endl; cout << b << endl; cout << sizeof (t) << endl; char * p = ( char * ) & t; cout <<* (p + 8 ) << endl; }
sizeof 閭i噷鑰冪殑灝辨槸鍐呭瓨瀵歸綈鐨勯棶棰橈紝short int 鐨勫彉閲忓繀欏諱粠妯?涓?鐨勫紑濮嬶紝int蹇呴』浠庢ā4涓? 鐨勫紑濮嬶紝char蹇呴』浠庢ā1涓?鐨勫紑濮嬶紝鑰屾暣涓猅est渚濈収瀹冪殑鎴愬憳?shù)腑鏈澶х殑錛岃繖閲屽氨鏄痠nt錛屼篃灝辨槸Test鐨勫繀欏諱粠妯?涓?鐨勫紑濮嬶紝鑰屼笖瀹冨繀欏誨崰4鐨勫嶆暟銆?br>涓轟簡(jiǎn)婊¤凍int鐨勬潯浠訛紝short int鍚庤濉厖錛坧adding錛変袱涓瓧鑺傦紝涓轟簡(jiǎn)婊¤凍Test鐨勬潯浠訛紝char[5]鍚庡繀欏誨~鍏?涓瓧鑺傦紝鎵浠ユ誨叡鏄?+2+4+5+3=16涓瓧鑺?br>鍏蜂綋鐨勫唴瀛樺榻愬彲浠ュ弬鑰冨涓?br>鑻辨枃錛?a >http://www.chinaitpower.com/2005September/2005-09-13/206312.html 涓枃錛?a >http://blog.ednchina.com/jasony/92132/Message.aspx 榪欐牱*(p+8)涔熷氨寰堝鏄撲簡(jiǎn)瑙d簡(jiǎn)錛岃煩榪囧墠闈?涓瓧鑺傦紝鍗硈hort int 鐨?涓紝濉厖鐨?涓紝浠ュ強(qiáng)int鐨?涓紝鏈鍚庤煩鍒頒簡(jiǎn)c[0] little endian 鍜?big endian 褰撲竴涓彉閲忓崰澶氫釜瀛楄妭鏃訛紝濡備綍鎺掑垪榪欎簺瀛楄妭灝變駭鐢熷嚭浜?jiǎn)little endian鍜宐ig endian鐨勫尯鍒?br>little endian: 鎶婁綆瀛楄妭鏀懼湪鍐呭瓨鐨勪綆浣?(The most significant byte is on the right end of a word) big endian: 鎶婁綆瀛楄妭鏀懼湪鍐呭瓨鐨勯珮?shù)?(The most significant byte is on the left end of a word) 涓句釜渚嬪瓙錛?br> 鍋囪浠庡湴鍧0x00000000寮濮嬬殑涓涓瓧涓繚瀛樻湁鏁版嵁0x1234abcd,閭d箞鍦ㄤ袱縐嶄笉鍚岀殑鍐呭瓨欏哄簭鐨勬満鍣ㄤ笂浠庡瓧鑺傜殑瑙掑害鍘葷湅鐨勮瘽鍒嗗埆琛ㄧず涓? 1)little endian:鍦ㄥ唴瀛樹(shù)腑鐨勫瓨鏀鵑『搴忔槸0x00000000-0xcd,0x00000001-0xab,0x00000002-0x34,0x00000003-0x12 2)big endian:鍦ㄥ唴瀛樹(shù)腑鐨勫瓨鏀鵑『搴忔槸0x00000000-0x12,0x00000001-0x34,0x00000002-0xab,0x00000003-0xcd 鍦ㄦ瀯閫犲嚱鏁頒腑鐨凾est():b(0x1234),a(b)鐪嬭搗鏉ユ湁闂錛屾湰鏉ユ兂榪欏簲璇ユ秹鍙?qiáng)鍒發(fā)ittle endian鍜宐ig endian鐨勯棶棰橈紝涓嶈繃鍦╲s2005閲岃皟璇曚簡(jiǎn)涓涓嬶紝鍙戠幇鐢變簬a姣攂鍏堝0鏄庯紝鎵浠ュ疄闄呬笂鏃禷鍏堝垵濮嬪寲錛屼篃灝辨槸a(b)榪欎釜璇彞鍏堣繍琛岋紝鐢變簬榪欐椂鍊檅榪樻病鍒濆鍖栵紝a鐨勫煎氨鏄竴涓殢鏈烘暟錛堢浉瀵逛簬涓嶅悓鐨勮繍琛屾潵璇達(dá)級(jí)錛屾帴鐫b鍐嶅垵濮嬪寲涓烘紜鹼紝浣嗘槸榪欐椂鍊欏凡緇忔棤娉曟敼鍙榓鐨勫間簡(jiǎn)
]]>static 鍜?extern http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/20/64498.htmlapacs apacs Mon, 20 Oct 2008 07:42:00 GMT http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/20/64498.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/64498.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/20/64498.html#Feedback 0 http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/commentRss/64498.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/services/trackbacks/64498.html static鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ湁2涓紝涓涓槸鎺у埗鍚嶅瓧鐨勫彲瑙佹э紝涓涓槸鎺у埗鐢熷瓨鏈?br> 1.鎺у埗鍚嶅瓧鐨勫彲瑙佹?br>榪欐椂鍊欐槸璺焑xtern鐩稿搴旂殑錛屼綔鐢ㄤ笌鏂囦歡浣滅敤鍩燂紙file scope)鍐呯殑鎵鏈夊悕瀛楋紙鍙橀噺鍚嶆垨鍑芥暟鍚嶏級(jí)錛屽叾瀹冨畾涔夊湪鍑芥暟鍐呮垨綾誨唴鐨勫彉閲忓悕鎴栧嚱鏁板悕閮戒笉鍏鋒湁鏂囦歡浣滅敤鍩熴?br>涓鑸儏鍐典笅錛屽綋浣犲畾涔変簡(jiǎn)涓涓叏灞鑼冨洿鍐呭彉閲忔垨鍑芥暟鍚嶇殑鏃跺欙紝榛樿鐨勬槸extern錛屽鍦ㄤ笅闈㈢殑file1.cpp
// file1.cpp int a = 1 ; //瀹屾暣鐨勫簲璇ユ槸extern int a=1;浣唀xtern鏄己鐪佺殑 void f() //鍚屼笂涓鏍鳳紝榪欓噷涔熸槸瀹氫箟 { }
閭d箞鍦╢ile2.cpp涓綘涓嶈兘鍐嶅0鏄巃璺焒錛屽惁鍒欎細(xì)寮曡搗鍚嶅瓧鍐茬獊錛屽綋浣犳兂瑕佷嬌鐢╢ile1.cpp涓殑a璺焒鏃訛紝鍙互濡備笅
extern int a; // 涓嶈繍琛岃祴鍊鹼紝榪欓噷鍙槸澹版槑,涓嶅彲浠ョ渷鍘籩xtern錛屽惁鍒欑紪璇戝櫒浼?xì)璁や负鏄噸瀹氫?/span>void f(); // 鍚屾牱鏄0鏄庯紝鑰屼笖瀵瑰嚱鏁拌岃█錛屽彲浠ョ渷鍘籩xtern extern int b錛?錛?/榪欓噷鏄畾涔?/span>
榪欐牱灝卞彲浠ュ湪file2.cpp涓嬌鐢╝璺焒浜?br> 鍙嶈繃鏉ワ紝浣犲湪鏂囦歡浣滅敤鍩熻寖鍥村唴瀹氫箟浜?jiǎn)涓涓悕瀛楋紝浣犱笉甯屾湜琚叾瀹冩枃浠跺紩鐢紝榪欐椂鍊欏氨瑕佸湪鍓嶉潰鍔犱笂static錛屾鏃惰繖涓彉閲忓叿鏈塱nternal linkage錛屽畠涓嶈兘琚叾瀹冩枃浠跺紩鐢紝鍚屾椂鍦ㄥ叾瀹冩枃浠朵腑澹版槑鍚屽悕鍙橀噺涓嶄細(xì)璁や負(fù)鏈夊啿紿侊紙鍥犱負(fù)static 浣垮緱鍚嶅瓧鍙湪鏈枃浠跺唴鍙錛夈?br> 2.鎺у埗鐢熷瓨鏈?br> static 鍙橀噺鍚実lobal 鍙橀噺涓鏍鳳紝鏀懼湪static瀛樺偍鍖猴紝鍙湁褰撶▼搴忚繍琛岀粨鏉熸椂錛岃繖浜涘彉閲忔墠浼?xì)娑堝?br> 褰搒tatic鍙橀噺瀹氫箟鍦ㄥ嚱鏁頒腑鏃訛紝瀹冧粎鍦ㄨ鍑芥暟鍐呭彲瑙侊紝褰撴瘡嬈″嚱鏁拌皟鐢ㄥ畬錛岃繖涓彉閲忕殑鍊奸兘浼?xì)淇濈暀涓嬫?br> 褰搒tatic鍙橀噺瀹氫箟鍦ㄧ被褰撲腑鏃訛紝榪欎釜鍙橀噺灝卞悓綾葷殑瀵硅薄鏃犲叧錛岀湡涓被鍙湁涓涓鍙橀噺鐨勫壇鏈紝涓嶈繃瀹冨畾涔変簡(jiǎn)澶氬皯涓璞★紝鑰屼笖瀵規(guī)敼鍙橀噺鐨勬敼鍙樺彲浠ュ彧閫氳繃綾繪潵鏀瑰彉錛岃鍙橀噺鐨勫彉鍖栧鎵鏈夊悓綾葷殑瀵硅薄鏄彲瑙佺殑
]]> Handle Class 鍜?Interface Class http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/20/64493.htmlapacs apacs Mon, 20 Oct 2008 07:02:00 GMT http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/20/64493.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/64493.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/20/64493.html#Feedback 0 http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/commentRss/64493.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/services/trackbacks/64493.html 1.緙栬瘧渚濆瓨
#include " file1.h " #include" file2.h " class class_name { member1 m_m1; member2 m_m2; public : member1 get_member_1() const {} ; member2 get_member_2() const {} ; } ;
鍋囪涓婇潰鐨勫ご鏂囦歡涓篺ile.h錛屽綋file1.h鎴栬協(xié)ile2.h鍙戠敓鍙樺寲錛屾垨鑰協(xié)ile涓殑class_name鐨勫疄鐜板彂鐢熷彉鍖栨椂錛屾墍鏈夊寘鍚玣ile.h鐨勬枃浠墮兘寰楅噸鏂扮紪璇戯紝褰揻ile.h琚緢澶氭枃浠跺寘鍚椂錛屽嵆浣垮彧鏄class_name鍋氫簡(jiǎn)灝忓皬鐨勬敼鍔紝涔熻鑺辮垂澶ч噺鐨勭紪璇戞椂闂淬?br> 2. Handle class 錛堝彞鏌勭被錛?br>handle classs 鍙槸鎻愰珮?shù)簡(jiǎn)鎵鏈夌殑鎺ュ彛錛屽悓鏃跺寘鍚簡(jiǎn)涓涓寚鍚戠湡姝e疄鐜扮被鐨勬寚閽堛傜湡姝g殑瀹炵幇綾誨寘鍚湪鍙﹀涓涓枃浠朵腑錛屽綋瑕佷慨鏀硅繖涓被鏃訛紝鍙湁file.h浼?xì)寮曡捣閲嵕~栬瘧錛岃屽寘鍚玣ile.h鐨勫叾瀹冩枃浠朵笉浼?xì)寮曡捣閲嵕~栬瘧
#include " file1.h " //contain member1 #include" file2.h" //contain member2 #include"implement.h" class class_name { class_impl * implement; // 涓鑸細(xì)鐢╯hared pointer public : member1 get_member_1() const { return implement -> get_member_1(); } member2 get_member_2() const { return implement -> get_member_2(); } };
涓嬮潰鐨勬槸implement.h鐨勫疄鐜?br>
class class_impl { member1 m_1; member2 m_2; public ; member1 get_member_1() const {} member2 get_member_2()const {} };
2.Interface class 榪欐槸鍒朵綔handle class鐨勫彟澶栦竴縐嶆柟娉?br>棣栧厛澹版槑鐨刢lass鏄娊璞$被錛屼竴鑸噷闈㈢殑鎺ュ彛閮芥槸綰櫄鍑芥暟錛屽氨鍍廕ava鐨処nterface 鐒跺悗鎻愰珮?shù)竴涓猻tatic鐨刢reate鍑芥暟錛堝氨鏄伐鍘傛柟娉曪級(jí)錛岃繖涓嚱鏁拌繑鍥炴敼鎶借薄綾葷殑鏌愪釜鍏蜂綋瀛愮被鐨勫璞★紝鍑芥暟澹版槑涓殑榪斿洖鍊間粛鐒舵槸璇ユ娊璞$被鐨勬寚閽堟垨寮曠敤銆?br> 鍏蜂綋瀛愮被鍦ㄥ彟澶栦竴涓枃浠朵腑澹版槑銆?br>
]]>C++鐨勯噸杞戒笌铏氬嚱鏁?/title> http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/17/64239.htmlapacs apacs Fri, 17 Oct 2008 06:45:00 GMT http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/17/64239.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/64239.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/17/64239.html#Feedback 0 http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/commentRss/64239.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/services/trackbacks/64239.html 闃呰鍏ㄦ枃 ]]> ADL鍏寵仈鍚嶅瓧鏌ユ壘 http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/07/63425.htmlapacs apacs Tue, 07 Oct 2008 12:29:00 GMT http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/07/63425.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/63425.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/10/07/63425.html#Feedback 0 http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/commentRss/63425.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/services/trackbacks/63425.html 濡傛灉緇欏畾涓涓嚱鏁板悕錛岄偅涔坈++緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ浣曞幓鏌ユ壘榪欎釜鍑芥暟鍛紵 1.鏅氱殑鍚嶅瓧鏌ユ壘 瀵瑰彉閲忕殑璋冪敤錛屼竴鑸槸鎸塻cope鐨勫ぇ灝忔潵鐨?br>
#include < iostream > #include< string > using namespace std; namespace NS { string x = " namespace NS " ; } string x = " global scope " ; class A { string x; public : A():x( " class scope " ) {} ; void f() { string x = " local scope " ; cout << x << endl; } void g() { cout << x << endl; } }; class B { public : void f() { cout << x << endl; } void g() { cout << NS::x << endl; } }; int main() { A a; B b; a.f();a.g(); b.f();b.g(); }
棣栧厛璋冪敤local scope鐨?
鎺ョ潃璋冪敤class scope鐨?
鏈鍚庢墠璋冪敤global scope鐨?
濡傛灉鐩存帴鏈夌敤闄愬畾絎︼紝鍒欒皟鐢ㄩ檺瀹氱鐨勶紝鏃犺鏄痭amespace 闄愬畾絎﹁繕鏄痗lass闄愬畾絎?
鍑芥暟鍚嶅瓧鐨勬煡鎵撅紝闄や簡(jiǎn)local scope鐨勶紝鍩烘湰鍚屼笂錛屾湁涓鐐逛緥澶栫殑鏄紝鍒欏湪涓嬮潰ADL涓鏄?br> 2.鍏寵仈鍚嶅瓧鏌ユ壘 (Argument Dependent Lookup) 鍦ㄨ鏄庡墠瑕佹槑紜?涓蹇?br>
鍏寵仈(dependent name)錛氫笉鑳借В鏋愮殑鍚嶅瓧灝卞彨鍏寵仈鍚嶏紝榪欎釜涓鑸悓妯$増鏈夊叧錛屾瘮濡倀emplate<class T> A{T t;}; 涓紝t灝辨槸鍏寵仈鍚嶏紝瀹冨湪妯$増緙栬瘧鐨勭涓闃舵鏄棤娉曡В鏋愮殑錛屽彧鏈夊埌絎簩闃舵錛岀敤瀹為檯鍙傛暟鏉ュ疄渚嬪寲鐨勬椂鍊欐墠鐭ラ亾
闄愬畾鍚?qualified name): 鎸囧彉閲忓悕鎴栧嚱鏁板悕鍓嶆湁綾誨悕鍓嶇紑錛屾垨鑰呰瀵硅薄錛屾寚閽堜慨楗幫細(xì) Class::f() //綾誨悕鍓嶇紑 x.f() //瀵硅薄淇グ p->f() //鎸囬拡淇グ
鑰孉DL瑕佽В鍐崇殑闂鏄闈為檺瀹氬悕鐨勬煡鎵鵑棶棰橈紙闄愬畾鍚嶅彲浠ユ牴鎹浉搴旂殑闄愬畾鏉ユ煡鎵撅級(jí)錛?褰撳嚭鐜頒簡(jiǎn)瀵規(guī)煇涓潪闄愬畾鍑芥暟鐨勮皟鐢紝鑰岃闈為檺瀹氬嚱鏁板嵈娌℃湁鍦ㄤ竴涓紙鏍囧噯錛変綔鐢ㄥ煙鍐呰繘琛屽0鏄庢椂錛堢畝鍗曠殑璁詫紝璇ュ嚱鏁板彧澹版槑鍦ㄦ煇涓猲amespace錛岃屼綘鍙堟病鏈夊紩鍏ヨ繖涓猲amespace)錛岀紪璇戝櫒灝變細(xì)瀵繪壘瀹冪殑姣忎竴涓弬鏁扮殑鍚嶅瓧絀洪棿鏉ヨ繘琛屽尮閰嶃侫DL鏄負(fù)浜?jiǎn)绠鍖栧嚱鏁拌皟鐢紝涓嶈繃浜嬪疄涓婂畠鏈夌偣鐮村潖浜?jiǎn)namespace鐨勫皝瑁呫?br>姣斿浠ヤ笅鍑芥暟璋冪敤 std::string s("hello"); std::cout<<s<<std::endl; 紼嬪簭涓病鏈夋寚瀹氫嬌鐢ㄥ摢涓涓猳perator<<鍑芥暟錛岀▼搴忓憳褰撶劧涓嶆兂杈撳叆 std::operator<<(std::operator(std::cout,s),std::endl); 榪欐椂錛孉DL鏍規(guī)嵁s鏌ユ壘s鐨刵amespace,騫舵煡鎵劇浉搴旂殑operator<<
]]>extern "C" http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/06/19/54031.htmlapacs apacs Thu, 19 Jun 2008 08:57:00 GMT http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/06/19/54031.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/54031.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/06/19/54031.html#Feedback 0 http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/commentRss/54031.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/services/trackbacks/54031.html 灝辨槸c錛嬶紜鐢變簬鏀寔鍑芥暟閲嶈澆錛岀敓鎴愮殑鍑芥暟鍚嶄笌c鐢熸垚鐨勪笉涓鏍楓?br> 涓轟簡(jiǎn)鑳借c璋冪敤c錛嬶紜鍑芥暟錛屽氨瑕佷嬌鐢╡xtern "c" {}浣垮緱c錛嬶紜鎸塩閭f牱鐢熸垚鍑芥暟鍚?
]]> const 鎺㈢┒錛堣漿錛?/title> http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/06/19/54030.htmlapacs apacs Thu, 19 Jun 2008 08:55:00 GMT http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/06/19/54030.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/54030.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/archive/2008/06/19/54030.html#Feedback 0 http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/comments/commentRss/54030.html http://www.shnenglu.com/zhgw01/services/trackbacks/54030.html 浼樼偣錛歝onst甯擱噺鏈夋暟鎹被鍨嬶紝鑰屽畯甯擱噺娌℃湁鏁版嵁綾誨瀷銆傜紪璇戝櫒鍙互瀵瑰墠鑰呰繘琛岀被鍨嬪畨鍏ㄦ鏌ワ紝鑰屽鍚庤呭彧榪涜瀛楃鏇挎崲錛屾病鏈夌被鍨嬪畨鍏ㄦ鏌ワ紝騫朵笖鍦ㄥ瓧絎︽浛鎹㈡椂鍙兘浼?xì)漶旂敓鎰忔枡涓嶅埌鐨勯敊璇Q堣竟闄呮晥搴旓級(jí) 2. const 淇グ綾葷殑鏁版嵁鎴愬憳銆傚錛?br>class A { const int size; … } const鏁版嵁鎴愬憳鍙湪鏌愪釜瀵硅薄鐢熷瓨鏈熷唴鏄父閲忥紝鑰屽浜庢暣涓被鑰岃█鍗存槸鍙彉鐨勩傚洜涓虹被鍙互鍒涘緩澶氫釜瀵硅薄錛屼笉鍚岀殑瀵硅薄鍏禼onst鏁版嵁鎴愬憳鐨勫煎彲浠ヤ笉鍚屻傛墍浠ヤ笉鑳藉湪綾誨0鏄庝腑鍒濆鍖朿onst鏁版嵁鎴愬憳錛屽洜涓虹被鐨勫璞℃湭琚垱寤烘椂錛岀紪璇戝櫒涓嶇煡閬揷onst 鏁版嵁鎴愬憳鐨勫兼槸浠涔堛傚 class A { const int size = 100; //閿欒 int array[size]; //閿欒錛屾湭鐭ョ殑size } const鏁版嵁鎴愬憳鐨勫垵濮嬪寲鍙兘鍦ㄧ被鐨勬瀯閫犲嚱鏁扮殑鍒濆鍖栬〃涓繘琛屻傝鎯沖緩绔嬪湪鏁翠釜綾諱腑閮芥亽瀹氱殑甯擱噺錛屽簲璇ョ敤綾諱腑鐨勬灇涓懼父閲忔潵瀹炵幇銆傚 class A {… enum {size1=100, size2 = 200 }; int array1[size1]; int array2[size2]; } 鏋氫婦甯擱噺涓嶄細(xì)鍗犵敤瀵硅薄鐨勫瓨鍌ㄧ┖闂達(dá)紝浠栦滑鍦ㄧ紪璇戞椂琚叏閮ㄦ眰鍊箋備絾鏄灇涓懼父閲忕殑闅愬惈鏁版嵁綾誨瀷鏄暣鏁幫紝鍏舵渶澶у兼湁闄愶紝涓斾笉鑳借〃紺烘誕鐐規(guī)暟銆?br> 3. const淇グ鎸囬拡鐨勬儏鍐碉紝瑙佷笅寮忥細(xì) int b = 500; const int* a = & [1] int const *a = & [2] int* const a = & [3] const int* const a = & [4] 濡傛灉浣犺兘鍖哄垎鍑轟笂榪板洓縐嶆儏鍐碉紝閭d箞錛屾伃鍠滀綘錛屼綘宸茬粡榪堝嚭浜?jiǎn)鍙枩鐨勪竴姝ャ備笉鐭ラ亾錛屼篃娌″叧緋伙紝鎴戜滑鍙互鍙傝冦奅ffective c++銆婭tem21涓婄殑鍋氭硶錛屽鏋渃onst浣嶄簬鏄熷彿鐨勫乏渚э紝鍒檆onst灝辨槸鐢ㄦ潵淇グ鎸囬拡鎵鎸囧悜鐨勫彉閲忥紝鍗蟲(chóng)寚閽堟寚鍚戜負(fù)甯擱噺錛涘鏋渃onst浣嶄簬鏄熷彿鐨勫彸渚э紝const灝辨槸淇グ鎸囬拡鏈韓錛屽嵆鎸囬拡鏈韓鏄父閲忋傚洜姝わ紝[1]鍜孾2]鐨勬儏鍐電浉鍚岋紝閮芥槸鎸囬拡鎵鎸囧悜鐨勫唴瀹逛負(fù)甯擱噺錛坈onst鏀懼湪鍙橀噺澹版槑絎︾殑浣嶇疆鏃犲叧錛夛紝榪欑鎯呭喌涓嬩笉鍏佽瀵瑰唴瀹硅繘琛屾洿鏀規(guī)搷浣滐紝濡備笉鑳?a = 3 錛沎3]涓烘寚閽堟湰韜槸甯擱噺錛岃屾寚閽堟墍鎸囧悜鐨勫唴瀹逛笉鏄父閲忥紝榪欑鎯呭喌涓嬩笉鑳藉鎸囬拡鏈韓榪涜鏇存敼鎿嶄綔錛屽a++鏄敊璇殑錛沎4]涓烘寚閽堟湰韜拰鎸囧悜鐨勫唴瀹瑰潎涓哄父閲忋? 4. const鐨勫垵濮嬪寲 鍏堢湅涓涓媍onst鍙橀噺鍒濆鍖栫殑鎯呭喌 1) 闈炴寚閽坈onst甯擱噺鍒濆鍖栫殑鎯呭喌錛欰 b; const A a = b; 2) 鎸囬拡const甯擱噺鍒濆鍖栫殑鎯呭喌錛?br> A* d = new A(); const A* c = d; 鎴栬咃細(xì)const A* c = new A(); 3錛夊紩鐢╟onst甯擱噺鍒濆鍖栫殑鎯呭喌錛? A f; const A& e = f; // 榪欐牱浣渆鍙兘璁塊棶澹版槑涓篶onst鐨勫嚱鏁幫紝鑰屼笉鑳借闂竴 鑸殑鎴愬憳鍑芥暟錛? [鎬濊?]錛?浠ヤ笅鐨勮繖縐嶈祴鍊兼柟娉曟紜悧錛? const A* c=new A(); A* e = c; [鎬濊?]錛?浠ヤ笅鐨勮繖縐嶈祴鍊兼柟娉曟紜悧錛? A* const c = new A(); A* b = c; 5. 鍙﹀const 鐨勪竴浜涘己澶х殑鍔熻兘鍦ㄤ簬瀹冨湪鍑芥暟澹版槑涓殑搴旂敤銆傚湪涓涓嚱鏁板0鏄庝腑錛宑onst 鍙互淇グ鍑芥暟鐨勮繑鍥炲鹼紝鎴栨煇涓弬鏁幫紱瀵逛簬鎴愬憳鍑芥暟錛岃繕鍙互淇グ鏄暣涓嚱鏁般傛湁濡備笅鍑犵鎯呭喌錛屼互涓嬩細(xì)閫愭笎鐨勮鏄庣敤娉曪細(xì)A& operator=(const A& a); void fun0(const A* a ); void fun1( ) const; // fun1( ) 涓虹被鎴愬憳鍑芥暟 const A fun2( ); 1錛?淇グ鍙傛暟鐨刢onst錛屽 void fun0(const A* a ); void fun1(const A& a); 璋冪敤鍑芥暟鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鐢ㄧ浉搴旂殑鍙橀噺鍒濆鍖朿onst甯擱噺錛屽垯鍦ㄥ嚱鏁頒綋涓紝鎸夌収const鎵淇グ鐨勯儴鍒嗚繘琛屽父閲忓寲錛屽褰㈠弬涓篶onst A* a錛屽垯涓嶈兘瀵逛紶閫掕繘鏉ョ殑鎸囬拡鐨勫唴瀹硅繘琛屾敼鍙橈紝淇濇姢浜?jiǎn)鍘熸寚閽堟墍鎸囧悜鐨勫唴瀹癸紱濡傚艦鍙備負(fù)const A& a錛屽垯涓嶈兘瀵逛紶閫掕繘鏉ョ殑寮曠敤瀵硅薄榪涜鏀瑰彉錛屼繚鎶や簡(jiǎn)鍘熷璞$殑灞炴с? [娉ㄦ剰]錛氬弬鏁癱onst閫氬父鐢ㄤ簬鍙傛暟涓烘寚閽堟垨寮曠敤鐨勬儏鍐碉紝涓斿彧鑳戒慨楗拌緭鍏ュ弬鏁?鑻ヨ緭鍏ュ弬鏁伴噰鐢?#8220;鍊間紶閫?#8221;鏂瑰紡錛岀敱浜庡嚱鏁板皢鑷姩浜х敓涓存椂鍙橀噺鐢ㄤ簬澶嶅埗璇ュ弬鏁幫紝璇ュ弬鏁版湰灝變笉闇瑕佷繚鎶わ紝鎵浠ヤ笉鐢╟onst淇グ銆?br> [鎬葷粨]瀵逛簬闈炲唴閮ㄦ暟鎹被鍨嬬殑杈撳叆鍙傛暟錛屽洜璇ュ皢“鍊間紶閫?#8221;鐨勬柟寮忔敼涓?#8220;const寮曠敤浼犻?#8221;錛岀洰鐨勬槸涓轟簡(jiǎn)鎻愰珮鏁堢巼銆備緥濡傦紝灝唙oid Func(A a)鏀逛負(fù)void Func(const A &a) 瀵逛簬鍐呴儴鏁版嵁綾誨瀷鐨勮緭鍏ュ弬鏁幫紝涓嶈灝?#8220;鍊間紶閫?#8221;鐨勬柟寮忔敼涓?#8220;const寮曠敤浼犻?#8221;銆傚惁鍒欐棦杈句笉鍒版彁楂樻晥鐜囩殑鐩殑錛屽張闄嶄綆浜?jiǎn)鍑芥暟鐨勫彲鐞嗚В鎬с備緥濡倂oid Func(int x)涓嶅簲璇ユ敼涓簐oid Func(const int &x) 2錛?淇グ榪斿洖鍊肩殑const錛屽const A fun2( ); const A* fun3( ); 榪欐牱澹版槑浜?jiǎn)杩斿洖鍊煎悗錛宑onst鎸夌収"淇グ鍘熷垯"榪涜淇グ錛岃搗鍒扮浉搴旂殑淇濇姢浣滅敤銆俢onst Rational operator*(const Rational& lhs, const Rational& rhs) { return Rational(lhs.numerator() * rhs.numerator(), lhs.denominator() * rhs.denominator()); } 榪斿洖鍊肩敤const淇グ鍙互闃叉鍏佽榪欐牱鐨勬搷浣滃彂鐢?Rational a,b; Radional c; (a*B) = c; 涓鑸敤const淇グ榪斿洖鍊間負(fù)瀵硅薄鏈韓錛堥潪寮曠敤鍜屾寚閽堬級(jí)鐨勬儏鍐靛鐢ㄤ簬浜岀洰鎿嶄綔絎﹂噸杞藉嚱鏁板茍浜х敓鏂板璞$殑鏃跺欍? [鎬葷粨] 1. 涓鑸儏鍐典笅錛屽嚱鏁扮殑榪斿洖鍊間負(fù)鏌愪釜瀵硅薄鏃訛紝濡傛灉灝嗗叾澹版槑涓篶onst鏃訛紝澶氱敤浜庢搷浣滅鐨勯噸杞姐傞氬父錛屼笉寤鴻鐢╟onst淇グ鍑芥暟鐨勮繑鍥炲肩被鍨嬩負(fù)鏌愪釜瀵硅薄鎴栧鏌愪釜瀵硅薄寮曠敤鐨勬儏鍐點(diǎn)傚師鍥犲涓嬶細(xì)濡傛灉榪斿洖鍊間負(fù)鏌愪釜瀵硅薄涓篶onst錛坈onst A test = A 瀹炰緥錛夋垨鏌愪釜瀵硅薄鐨勫紩鐢ㄤ負(fù)const錛坈onst A& test = A瀹炰緥錛?錛屽垯榪斿洖鍊煎叿鏈塩onst灞炴э紝鍒欒繑鍥炲疄渚嬪彧鑳借闂被A涓殑鍏湁錛堜繚鎶わ級(jí)鏁版嵁鎴愬憳鍜宑onst鎴愬憳鍑芥暟錛屽茍涓斾笉鍏佽瀵瑰叾榪涜璧嬪兼搷浣滐紝榪欏湪涓鑸儏鍐典笅寰堝皯鐢ㄥ埌銆? 2. 濡傛灉緇欓噰鐢?#8220;鎸囬拡浼犻?#8221;鏂瑰紡鐨勫嚱鏁拌繑鍥炲煎姞const淇グ錛岄偅涔堝嚱鏁拌繑鍥炲鹼紙鍗蟲(chóng)寚閽堬級(jí)鐨勫唴瀹逛笉鑳借淇敼錛岃榪斿洖鍊煎彧鑳借璧嬬粰鍔燾onst 淇グ鐨勫悓綾誨瀷鎸囬拡銆傚錛?br> const char * GetString(void); 濡備笅璇彞灝嗗嚭鐜扮紪璇戦敊璇細(xì) char *str=GetString(); 姝g‘鐨勭敤娉曟槸錛?br> const char *str=GetString(); 3. 鍑芥暟榪斿洖鍊奸噰鐢?#8220;寮曠敤浼犻?#8221;鐨勫満鍚堜笉澶氾紝榪欑鏂瑰紡涓鑸彧鍑虹幇鍦ㄧ被鐨勮禉鍊煎嚱鏁頒腑錛岀洰鐨勬槸涓轟簡(jiǎn)瀹炵幇閾懼紡琛ㄨ揪銆傚錛?br> class A {… A &operate = (const A &other); //璧嬪煎嚱鏁?br> } A a,b,c; //a,b,c涓篈鐨勫璞?br> … a=b=c; //姝e父 (a=B)=c; //涓嶆甯革紝浣嗘槸鍚堟硶 鑻ヨ礋鍊煎嚱鏁扮殑榪斿洖鍊煎姞const淇グ錛岄偅涔堣榪斿洖鍊肩殑鍐呭涓嶅厑璁鎬慨鏀癸紝涓婁緥涓璦=b=c渚濈劧姝g‘銆?a=B)=c灝變笉姝g‘浜?jiǎn)銆?br>[鎬濊?]錛?榪欐牱瀹氫箟璧嬪兼搷浣滅閲嶈澆鍑芥暟鍙互鍚楋紵 const A& operator=(const A& a); 6. 綾繪垚鍛樺嚱鏁頒腑const鐨勪嬌鐢? 涓鑸斁鍦ㄥ嚱鏁頒綋鍚庯紝褰㈠錛歷oid fun() const; 浠諱綍涓嶄細(xì)淇敼鏁版嵁鎴愬憳鐨勫嚱鏁伴兘鍥犺澹版槑涓篶onst綾誨瀷銆傚鏋滃湪緙栧啓const鎴愬憳鍑芥暟鏃訛紝涓嶆厧淇敼浜?jiǎn)鏁版嵁鎴愬憳锛屾垨鑰呰皟鐢ㄤ簡(jiǎn)鍏朵粬闈瀋onst鎴愬憳鍑芥暟錛岀紪璇戝櫒灝嗘姤閿欙紝榪欏ぇ澶ф彁楂樹(shù)簡(jiǎn)紼嬪簭鐨勫仴澹с傚錛?br> class Stack { public: void Push(int elem); int Pop(void); int GetCount(void) const; //const 鎴愬憳鍑芥暟 private: int m_num; int m_data[100]; }; int Stack::GetCount(void) const { ++m_num; //緙栬瘧閿欒錛屼紒鍥句慨鏀規(guī)暟鎹垚鍛榤_num Pop(); //緙栬瘧閿欒錛屼紒鍥捐皟鐢ㄩ潪const鍑芥暟 Return m_num; } 7. 浣跨敤const鐨勪竴浜涘緩璁? 1 瑕佸ぇ鑳嗙殑浣跨敤const錛岃繖灝嗙粰浣犲甫鏉ユ棤灝界殑鐩婂錛屼絾鍓嶆彁鏄綘蹇呴』鎼炴竻妤氬師濮旓紱 2 瑕侀伩鍏嶆渶涓鑸殑璧嬪兼搷浣滈敊璇紝濡傚皢const鍙橀噺璧嬪鹼紝鍏蜂綋鍙鎬濊冮錛? 3 鍦ㄥ弬鏁頒腑浣跨敤const搴旇浣跨敤寮曠敤鎴栨寚閽堬紝鑰屼笉鏄竴鑸殑瀵硅薄瀹炰緥錛屽師鍥犲悓涓婏紱 4 const鍦ㄦ垚鍛樺嚱鏁頒腑鐨勪笁縐嶇敤娉曪紙鍙傛暟銆佽繑鍥炲箋佸嚱鏁幫級(jí)瑕佸緢濂界殑浣跨敤錛? 5 涓嶈杞繪槗鐨勫皢鍑芥暟鐨勮繑鍥炲肩被鍨嬪畾涓篶onst; 6闄や簡(jiǎn)閲嶈澆鎿嶄綔絎﹀涓鑸笉瑕佸皢榪斿洖鍊肩被鍨嬪畾涓哄鏌愪釜瀵硅薄鐨刢onst寮曠敤; [鎬濊冮絳旀] 1 榪欑鏂規(guī)硶涓嶆紜紝鍥犱負(fù)澹版槑鎸囬拡鐨勭洰鐨勬槸涓轟簡(jiǎn)瀵瑰叾鎸囧悜鐨勫唴瀹硅繘琛屾敼鍙橈紝鑰屽0鏄庣殑鎸囬拡e鎸囧悜鐨勬槸涓涓父閲忥紝鎵浠ヤ笉姝g‘錛? 2 榪欑鏂規(guī)硶姝g‘錛屽洜涓哄0鏄庢寚閽堟墍鎸囧悜鐨勫唴瀹瑰彲鍙橈紱 3 榪欑鍋氭硶涓嶆紜紱 鍦╟onst A::operator=(const A& a)涓紝鍙傛暟鍒楄〃涓殑const鐨勭敤娉曟紜紝鑰屽綋榪欐牱榪炵畫(huà)璧嬪肩殑鏃朵警錛岄棶棰樺氨鍑虹幇浜?jiǎn)锛?xì) A a,b,c: (a=B)=c; 鍥犱負(fù)a.operator=(B)鐨勮繑鍥炲兼槸瀵筧鐨刢onst寮曠敤錛屼笉鑳藉啀灝哻璧嬪肩粰const甯擱噺銆?br>
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