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fork鍙互鍒涘緩涓涓柊鐨勫瓙榪涚▼錛岃皟鐢ㄤ竴嬈★紝榪斿洖涓ゆ錛屼竴嬈¤繑鍥?鍊肩粰瀛愯繘紼嬶紝鍙︿竴嬈¤繑鍥炴柊鐨勫瓙榪涚▼鐨処D緇欑埗榪涚▼ 銆傚瓙榪涚▼鏄埗榪涚▼鐨勫鍒跺搧錛屾嫢鏈夌埗榪涚▼鐨勬暟鎹┖闂淬佸爢鍜屾爤錛岀埗瀛愯繘紼嬪茍涓嶅叡浜瓨鍌ㄧ┖闂達紝濡傛灉姝f枃孌墊槸鍙鐨勶紝閭d箞鐖跺瓙榪涚▼鍏變韓姝f枃孌點?/span>
涓鑸岃█錛宖ork涔嬪悗鏄埗榪涚▼鍏堟墽琛岃繕鏄瓙榪涚▼鍏堟墽琛屾槸涓嶇‘瀹氱殑錛岃繖鍙栧喅浜庡唴鏍哥殑璋冨害綆楁硶銆?/span>
fork鏈変袱縐嶇敤娉曪細
錛?錛変竴涓埗榪涚▼甯屾湜澶嶅埗鑷繁錛屼嬌鐖躲佸瓙榪涚▼鍚屾椂鎵ц涓嶅悓鐨勪唬鐮佹銆?/span>榪欏湪緗戠粶鏈嶅姟榪涚▼涓槸甯歌鐨?#8212;—鐖惰繘紼嬬瓑寰呭鎵樿呯殑鏈嶅姟璇鋒眰銆傚綋榪欑璇鋒眰鍒拌揪鏃訛紝鐖惰繘紼嬭皟鐢?f o r k錛屼嬌瀛愯繘紼嬪鐞嗘璇鋒眰銆傜埗榪涚▼鍒欑戶緇瓑寰呬笅涓涓湇鍔¤姹傘?/span>
1.2
vfork鐢ㄤ簬鍒涘緩涓涓柊鐨勮繘紼嬶紝鑰屾柊鐨勮繘紼嬬殑鐩殑灝辨槸exec涓涓柊紼嬪簭錛寁fork騫朵笉灝嗙埗榪涚▼鐨勫湴鍧絀洪棿澶嶅埗緇欏瓙榪涚▼錛屽洜涓哄瓙榪涚▼浼氱珛鍗寵皟鐢╡xec錛坃exit錛夛紝浜庢槸涔熷氨涓嶄細璁塊棶鍦板潃絀洪棿銆備笉榪囧畠鍦ㄨ皟鐢╡xec鎴朹exit涔嬪墠錛屽畠鍦ㄧ埗榪涚▼鐨勭┖闂翠腑榪愯銆?br />
fork鍒涘緩鐨勫瓙榪涚▼鍏變韓鐖惰繘紼嬬殑鏁版嵁孌點佸爢鏍堟錛泇fork鍒涘緩鐨勫瓙榪涚▼鍏變韓鐖惰繘紼嬬殑鏁版嵁孌點?br />
vfork涓巉ork鐨勫彟涓涓尯鍒槸錛歷fork淇濊瘉瀛愯繘紼嬪厛榪愯錛屽湪瀹冭皟鐢╡xec鎴杄xit涔嬪悗鐖惰繘紼嬫墠鍙兘琚皟搴﹁繍琛岋紝錛堝鏋滃湪璋冪敤榪欎袱涓嚱鏁頒箣鍓嶅瓙榪涚▼渚濊禆浜庣埗榪涚▼鐨勮繘涓姝ュ姩浣滐紝鍒欎細瀵艱嚧姝婚攣錛夈?br />
2.1
exit鍜宊exit閮芥槸姝e父緇堟榪涚▼錛宊exit鐢ㄤ簬vfork鏃剁埗榪涚▼鏈夊彲鑳戒細琚皟搴︼紝瀹冧滑閮戒笉鍚屼簬寮傚父緇堟abort錛屽湪寮傚父緇堟鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鍐呮牳錛堜笉鏄繘紼嬶級浜х敓涓涓寚紺哄叾緇堟寮傚父緇堟鍘熷洜鐨勭粓姝㈢姸鎬併?/span>
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涓錛夊垪鍑烘枃浠訛細ls 錛屽鏋滆鍒楀嚭鏈洰褰曚笅鐨勬枃浠跺睘鎬у憿錛屼緥濡傛兂鐭ラ亾浠栦滑鐨勬枃浠舵潈闄愩佸ぇ灝忋佹棩鏈燂紝閭d箞灝辯敤 ls -l 錛屼篃鍙敤鍏跺懡浠ゅ埆鍚?ll 銆?br /> 鎴戜滑閮界煡閬揕inux涓兘鏈変竴浜涢殣钘忕殑鏂囦歡錛岄偅涔堝浣曟樉紺哄嚭瀹冧滑鍛紵鐢?ls -a 鍗沖彲鏄劇ず鍑烘墍鏈夋枃浠訛紝鍖呮嫭闅愯棌鏂囦歡銆傝鍒楀嚭榪欎簺鏂囦歡鐨勫睘鎬э紝鐢?ls -al
鍒楀嚭鐩綍鐢細ls -d
濡傛灉鎴戜滑鎯蟲壘鍑轟竴涓壒瀹氱殑鏂囦歡濡俧ile 鐨勪俊鎭紝閭d箞鍙互鐢╨s -l file 錛屽張濡傝瀵繪壘涓涓墠緙涓簍est鐨勬枃浠剁殑淇℃伅錛屽彲浠ヨ繖鏍鳳細ls -l test*錛?涓洪氶厤絎︺?br /> 濡傛灉鎴戜滑鎯蟲壘鍑烘枃浠跺悕涓甫鏈夋暟瀛楁垨瀛楁瘝鐨勭浉鍏蟲枃浠訛紝鍙互榪欐牱 : ls -f [0-9]* / ls -f [a-z]*
浜岋級鎵撳紑鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曪細濡傛兂鎵撳紑鍚嶄負 file.txt鏂囦歡錛岀敤cat file.txt鍗沖彲鏄劇ず鍑哄唴瀹廣傚鎯蟲妸鏂囦歡鍐呭鐨勮鍙鋒樉紺哄嚭鏉ワ紝鐢?cat -n file.txt 鍗沖彲 錛涙墦寮鐩綍tmp 鍒欑敤 cd tmp
涓夛級澶嶅埗鏂囦歡錛?濡傛兂鎶婃枃浠秄ile.txt 澶嶅埗鍒扮洰褰?/test 涓嬶紝鍗沖彲鐢細cp file.txt /test 錛涘鎯蟲妸鐩綍 /etc/ 鐨勬墍鏈夊唴瀹瑰鍒跺埌 /tmp錛岀敤錛歝p /etc/ /tmp
鍥涳級鍒犻櫎鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曪細濡傛兂鍒犻櫎鏂囦歡file.txt 鍒欏彲錛?rm file.txt 銆傚鎯蟲妸鐩綍tmp錛堝寘鎷湁鍐呭鐨勭洰褰曪級閮藉垹闄ゆ帀錛岀敤 rm -rf tmp 錛岃?rmdir tmp 鍒犻櫎鐨勬槸涓涓┖鐩綍銆?br />
浜旓級縐誨姩鏂囦歡鎴栭噸鍛藉悕錛氬鎶婃枃浠秄ile.txt縐誨姩鍒扮洰褰晅mp涓細 mv file.txt tmp 銆傛妸鏂囦歡file.txt閲嶅懡鍚嶄負 test.txt錛屽垯鍙細 mv file.txt test.txt
鍏級緲婚〉鏌ョ湅鍛戒護錛?. 濡傛兂鏌ョ湅/etc/涓殑鏂囦歡man.config錛屽彲 more /etc/man.config 錛屾暡絀烘牸閿〃紺哄悜涓嬬炕涓欏碉紱Enter琛ㄧず鍚戜笅緲?#8220;涓琛?#8221;錛?瀛楃涓插彲浠ュ悜涓嬫悳绱㈠瓧絎︿覆錛氬鎼滅儲word錛屽彲浠?/word 錛涚寮more 鍙互鐢?q 錛?. 涔熷彲鐢?less 榪涜緲婚〉鎿嶄綔錛歭ess /etc/man.config 錛屼嬌鐢╨ess鍙互鍚戝墠鎴栧悜鍚庣炕欏碉紝鑰宮ore鍙兘鍚戝悗緲婚〉錛涳紵瀛楃涓茶〃紺哄悜鍓嶆悳绱㈢殑鍔熻兘錛屽叾浠栨搷浣滃拰more 澶т綋鐩稿悓銆?br />
涓冿級鍒涘緩鏂版枃浠舵垨鐩綍 : 濡傚垱寤烘柊鏂囦歡 test.txt 鍙互錛?touch test.txt 錛涘垱寤虹洰褰昦bc,鐢ㄥ懡浠わ細mkdir abc . 濡傛灉鎴戜滑瑕佸垱寤轟竴涓悕涓簀unk.data ,澶у皬涓?M,鍐呭涓虹┖鐨勬枃浠訛紝璇ユ庝箞鍔炲憿錛熷彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄥ懡浠わ細 dd if=/dev/zero of=junk.data bs=1M count=1 鍗沖彲錛屽叾涓璬d鏄敤鏉ュ垱寤虹壒瀹氬ぇ灝忔枃浠剁殑鍛戒護錛宒d鍛戒護浼氬厠闅嗙粰瀹氱殑杈撳叆鍐呭錛岀劧鍚庡皢涓妯′竴鏍風殑涓浠藉壇鏈啓鍏ュ埌杈撳嚭錛宻tdin銆佽澶囨枃浠躲佹櫘閫氭枃浠墮兘鍙互浣滀負杈撳叆. if 浠h〃杈撳叆鏂囦歡錛?of 浠h〃杈撳嚭鏂囦歡錛?bs浠h〃浠ュ瓧鑺備負鍗曚綅鐨勫潡澶у皬錛宑ount浠h〃瑕佽澶嶅埗鐨勫潡鏁般?br />
鍏級鏀瑰彉鏂囦歡鐨勬潈闄愶細 1. 浣跨敤絎﹀彿鏂規(guī)硶鏀瑰彉鏂囦歡鏉冮檺錛氬湪姝や箣鍓嶄簡瑙d笅who /action 鐨勭煡璇嗭紝u琛ㄧず灞炰富銆乬琛ㄧず緇勩乷琛ㄧず鍏朵粬銆乤琛ㄧず鎵鏈夛紱+琛ㄧず澧炲姞鏂囦歡鏉冮檺銆?琛ㄧず鍑忓皯鏂囦歡鏉冮檺銆?鏄庣‘鍦拌緗枃浠舵潈闄愩傚ソ浜嗭紝濡傛灉鐜板湪鎴戜滑鎯蟲妸涓涓洰褰曚笅鐨勬墍鏈夋枃浠墮兘鏀瑰彉涓哄鎵鏈変漢鍧囧彲璁塊棶錛屽垯鍙敤鍛戒護錛歝hmod a=r * 錛堟垨chmod guo=r *)錛屾敞鎰忕┖鏍箋?br />濡傛灉鎯抽樆姝㈤櫎浜嗘枃浠跺睘涓諱箣澶栫殑浠諱綍浜哄啓鏂囦歡 test.txt 錛屽彲鐢ㄥ懡浠わ細 chmod go-w test.txt
2. 浣跨敤鍏繘鍒舵柟娉曟敼鍙樻枃浠舵潈闄愶細r=4,w=2,x=1. 鎶婂悇涓兂瑕佽祴浜堢殑鏉冮檺鍊肩浉鍔犲嵆鍙緱鍒扮敤鏉ユ寚瀹氭枃浠跺睘涓匯佺粍鍜屽叾浠栫敤鎴峰鏂囦歡鐨勬潈闄愩?濡傦細瀵規(guī)枃浠秚est.txt 鏀逛負瀵規(guī)墍鏈夊潎鏈夎銆佸啓銆佹墽琛岀殑鏉冮檺錛歝hmod 777 test.txt
涔?jié)锛夋敼鍙樻枃錃g灞炰富鍜岀粍錛?1. 鏀瑰彉鏂囦歡灞炰富錛氬鎶婃枃浠秚est.txt 鏀瑰彉涓?zlb 鎵灞炴湁錛屽垯鍙?chown zlb: test.txt 錛屽啋鍙蜂笉鑳界渷鐣ャ?2. 鏀瑰彉鏂囦歡鎵灞炵殑緇勶細鍙互鐢?涓?chown :authors test.txt 鏀瑰彉鏂囦歡test.txt鎵灞炵殑緇勶紱涔熷彲浠ョ敤 chgrp authors test.txt 鏀瑰彉鏂囦歡涓篴uthors榪欎釜緇勬墍鏈夈?br />
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