]]>
棣栧厛瑕佺悊瑙ｇ嚎紼嬮鍏堥渶瑕佷簡瑙ｄ竴浜涘熀鏈殑涓滆タ錛屾垜浠幇鍦ㄦ墍浣跨敤鐨勫ぇ澶氭暟鎿嶄綔緋葷粺閮藉睘浜庡浠誨姟錛屽垎鏃舵搷浣滅郴緇熴傛鏄敱浜庤繖縐嶆搷浣滅郴緇熺殑鍑虹幇鎵嶆湁浜嗗綰跨▼榪欎釜姒傚康銆傛垜浠嬌鐢ㄧ殑windows,linux灝卞睘浜庢鍒椼備粈涔堟槸鍒嗘椂鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鍛紝閫氫織涓鐐逛笌灝辨槸鍙互鍚屼竴鏃墮棿鎵ц澶氫釜紼嬪簭鐨勬搷浣滅郴緇燂紝鍦ㄨ嚜宸辯殑鐢佃剳涓婇潰錛屼綘鏄笉鏄竴杈瑰惉姝岋紝涓杈硅亰澶╄繕涓杈圭湅緗戦〉鍛紵浣嗗疄闄呬笂錛屽茍涓嶄笂cpu鍦ㄥ悓鏃舵墽琛岃繖浜涚▼搴忥紝cpu鍙槸灝嗘椂闂村垏鍓蹭負鏃墮棿鐗囷紝鐒跺悗灝嗘椂闂寸墖鍒嗛厤緇欒繖浜涚▼搴忥紝鑾峰緱鏃墮棿鐗囩殑紼嬪簭寮濮嬫墽琛岋紝涓嶇瓑鎵ц瀹屾瘯錛屼笅涓▼搴忓張鑾峰緱鏃墮棿鐗囧紑濮嬫墽琛岋紝榪欐牱澶氫釜紼嬪簭杞祦鎵ц涓孌墊椂闂達紝鐢變簬鐜板湪cpu鐨勯珮閫熻綆楄兘鍔涳紝緇欎漢鐨勬劅瑙夊氨鍍忔槸澶氫釜紼嬪簭鍦ㄥ悓鏃舵墽琛屼竴鏍楓?br />涓鑸彲浠ュ湪鍚屼竴鏃墮棿鍐呮墽琛屽涓▼搴忕殑鎿嶄綔緋葷粺閮芥湁榪涚▼鐨勬蹇?涓涓繘紼嬪氨鏄竴涓墽琛屼腑鐨勭▼搴?鑰屾瘡涓涓繘紼嬮兘鏈夎嚜宸辯嫭绔嬬殑涓鍧楀唴瀛樼┖闂?涓緇勭郴緇熻祫婧?鍦ㄨ繘紼嬫蹇典腑,姣忎竴涓繘紼嬬殑鍐呴儴鏁版嵁鍜岀姸鎬侀兘鏄畬鍏ㄧ嫭绔嬬殑.鍥犳鍙互鎯沖儚鍒涘緩騫舵墽琛屼竴涓繘紼嬬殑緋葷粺寮鍍忔槸姣旇緝澶х殑錛屾墍浠ョ嚎紼嬪嚭鐜頒簡銆傚湪java涓紝紼嬪簭閫氳繃嫻佹帶鍒舵潵鎵ц紼嬪簭嫻?紼嬪簭涓崟涓『搴忕殑嫻佹帶鍒剁О涓虹嚎紼?澶氱嚎紼嬪垯鎸囩殑鏄湪鍗曚釜紼嬪簭涓彲浠ュ悓鏃惰繍琛屽涓笉鍚岀殑綰跨▼,鎵ц涓嶅悓鐨勪換鍔?澶氱嚎紼嬫剰鍛崇潃涓涓▼搴忕殑澶氳璇彞鍙互鐪嬩笂鍘誨嚑涔庡湪鍚屼竴鏃墮棿鍐呭悓鏃惰繍琛?錛堜綘鍙互灝嗗墠闈竴鍙ヨ瘽鐨勭▼搴忔崲鎴愯繘紼嬶紝榪涚▼鏄▼搴忕殑涓嬈℃墽琛岃繃紼?鏄郴緇熻繍琛岀▼搴忕殑鍩烘湰鍗曚綅錛?br />
綰跨▼涓庤繘紼嬬浉浼?鏄竴孌靛畬鎴愭煇涓壒瀹氬姛鑳界殑浠ｇ爜,鏄▼搴忎腑鍗曚釜欏哄簭鐨勬祦鎺у埗;浣嗕笌榪涚▼涓嶅悓鐨勬槸,鍚岀被鐨勫涓嚎紼嬫槸鍏變韓涓鍧楀唴瀛樼┖闂村拰涓緇勭郴緇熻祫婧?鑰岀嚎紼嬫湰韜殑鏁版嵁閫氬父鍙湁寰鐞嗗櫒鐨勫瘎瀛樺櫒鏁版嵁,浠ュ強涓涓緵紼嬪簭鎵ц鏃朵嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍫嗘爤.鎵浠ョ郴緇熷湪浜х敓涓涓嚎紼?鎴栬呭湪鍚勪釜綰跨▼涔嬮棿鍒囨崲鏃?璐熸媴瑕佹瘮榪涚▼灝忕殑澶?姝ｅ洜濡傛,綰跨▼涔熻縐頒負杞昏礋鑽瘋繘紼?light-weight process).涓涓繘紼嬩腑鍙互鍖呭惈澶氫釜綰跨▼.
澶氫換鍔℃槸鎸囧湪涓涓郴緇熶腑鍙互鍚屾椂榪愯澶氫釜紼嬪簭,鍗蟲湁澶氫釜鐙珛榪愯鐨勪換鍔?姣忎釜浠誨姟瀵瑰簲涓涓繘紼嬶紝鍚岃繘紼嬩竴鏍?涓涓嚎紼嬩篃鏈変粠鍒涘緩,榪愯鍒版秷浜＄殑榪囩▼,縐頒負綰跨▼鐨勭敓鍛藉懆鏈?鐢ㄧ嚎紼嬬殑鐘舵?state)琛ㄦ槑綰跨▼澶勫湪鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡鐨勫摢涓樁孌?綰跨▼鏈夊垱寤?鍙繍琛?榪愯涓?闃誨,姝諱骸浜斾腑鐘舵?閫氳繃綰跨▼鐨勬帶鍒朵笌璋冨害鍙嬌綰跨▼鍦ㄨ繖鍑犵鐘舵侀棿杞寲姣忎釜紼嬪簭鑷沖皯鑷姩鎷ユ湁涓涓嚎紼?縐頒負涓葷嚎紼?褰撶▼搴忓姞杞藉埌鍐呭瓨鏃?鍚姩涓葷嚎紼?
[綰跨▼鐨勮繍琛屾満鍒朵互鍙婅皟搴︽ā鍨媇
java涓綰跨▼灝辨槸涓涓被鎴栦竴涓▼搴忔墽琛屾垨綆＄悊澶氫釜綰跨▼鎵ц浠誨姟鐨勮兘鍔涳紝姣忎釜綰跨▼鍙互鐙珛浜庡叾浠栫嚎紼嬭岀嫭绔嬭繍琛岋紝褰撶劧涔熷彲浠ュ拰鍏朵粬綰跨▼鍗忓悓榪愯錛屼竴涓被鎺у埗鐫瀹冪殑鎵鏈夌嚎紼嬶紝鍙互鍐沖畾鍝釜綰跨▼寰楀埌浼樺厛綰э紝鍝釜綰跨▼鍙互璁塊棶鍏朵粬綾葷殑璧勬簮錛屽摢涓嚎紼嬪紑濮嬫墽琛岋紝鍝釜淇濇寔浼戠湢鐘舵併?br />涓嬮潰鏄嚎紼嬬殑鏈哄埗鍥撅細
綰跨▼鐨勭姸鎬佽〃紺虹嚎紼嬫鍦ㄨ繘琛岀殑媧誨姩浠ュ強鍦ㄦ鏃墮棿孌靛唴鎵鑳藉畬鎴愮殑浠誨姟.綰跨▼鏈夊垱寤?鍙繍琛?榪愯涓?闃誨,姝諱骸浜斾腑鐘舵?涓涓叿鏈夌敓鍛界殑綰跨▼,鎬繪槸澶勪簬榪欎簲縐嶇姸鎬佷箣涓錛?br />1.鍒涘緩鐘舵?/b>
浣跨敤new榪愮畻絎﹀垱寤轟竴涓嚎紼嬪悗,璇ョ嚎紼嬩粎浠呮槸涓涓┖瀵硅薄,緋葷粺娌℃湁鍒嗛厤璧勬簮,縐拌綰跨▼澶勪簬鍒涘緩鐘舵?new thread)
2.鍙繍琛岀姸鎬?/b>
浣跨敤start()鏂規硶鍚姩涓涓嚎紼嬪悗,緋葷粺涓鴻綰跨▼鍒嗛厤浜嗛櫎CPU澶栫殑鎵闇璧勬簮,浣胯綰跨▼澶勪簬鍙繍琛岀姸鎬?Runnable)
3.榪愯涓姸鎬?/b>
Java榪愯緋葷粺閫氳繃璋冨害閫変腑涓涓猂unnable鐨勭嚎紼?浣垮叾鍗犳湁CPU騫惰漿涓鴻繍琛屼腑鐘舵?Running).姝ゆ椂,緋葷粺鐪熸鎵ц綰跨▼鐨剅un()鏂規硶.
4.闃誨鐘舵?/b>
涓涓鍦ㄨ繍琛岀殑綰跨▼鍥犳煇縐嶅師鍥犱笉鑳界戶緇繍琛屾椂,榪涘叆闃誨鐘舵?Blocked)
5.姝諱骸鐘舵?/b>
綰跨▼緇撴潫鍚庢槸姝諱骸鐘舵?Dead)
鍚屼竴鏃跺埢濡傛灉鏈夊涓嚎紼嬪浜庡彲榪愯鐘舵?鍒欎粬浠渶瑕佹帓闃熺瓑寰匔PU璧勬簮.姝ゆ椂姣忎釜綰跨▼鑷姩鑾峰緱涓涓嚎紼嬬殑浼樺厛綰?priority),浼樺厛綰х殑楂樹綆鍙嶆槧綰跨▼鐨勯噸瑕佹垨绱фョ▼搴?鍙繍琛岀姸鎬佺殑綰跨▼鎸変紭鍏堢駭鎺掗槦,綰跨▼璋冨害渚濇嵁浼樺厛綰у熀紜涓婄殑"鍏堝埌鍏堟湇鍔?鍘熷垯.
綰跨▼璋冨害綆＄悊鍣ㄨ礋璐ｇ嚎紼嬫帓闃熷拰CPU鍦ㄧ嚎紼嬮棿鐨勫垎閰?騫剁敱綰跨▼璋冨害綆楁硶榪涜璋冨害.褰撶嚎紼嬭皟搴︾鐞嗗櫒閫夌鏌愪釜綰跨▼鏃?璇ョ嚎紼嬭幏寰桟PU璧勬簮鑰岃繘鍏ヨ繍琛岀姸鎬?
綰跨▼璋冨害鏄厛鍗犲紡璋冨害,鍗沖鏋滃湪褰撳墠綰跨▼鎵ц榪囩▼涓竴涓洿楂樹紭鍏堢駭鐨勭嚎紼嬭繘鍏ュ彲榪愯鐘舵?鍒欒繖涓嚎紼嬬珛鍗寵璋冨害鎵ц.鍏堝崰寮忚皟搴﹀垎涓?鐙崰寮忓拰鍒嗘椂鏂瑰紡.
鐙崰鏂瑰紡涓?褰撳墠鎵ц綰跨▼灝嗕竴鐩存墽琛屼笅鍘?鐩?鍒版墽琛屽畬姣曟垨鐢變簬鏌愮鍘熷洜涓誨姩鏀懼純CPU,鎴朇PU琚竴涓洿楂樹紭鍏堢駭鐨勭嚎紼嬫姠鍗?br />鍒嗘椂鏂瑰紡涓?褰撳墠榪愯綰跨▼鑾峰緱涓涓椂闂寸墖,鏃墮棿鍒版椂,鍗充嬌娌℃湁鎵ц瀹屼篃瑕佽鍑篊PU,榪涘叆鍙繍琛岀姸鎬?絳夊緟涓嬩竴涓椂闂寸墖鐨勮皟搴?緋葷粺閫変腑鍏朵粬鍙繍琛岀姸鎬佺殑綰跨▼鎵ц
鍒嗘椂鏂瑰紡鐨勭郴緇熶嬌姣忎釜綰跨▼宸ヤ綔鑻ュ共姝?瀹炵幇澶氱嚎紼嬪悓鏃惰繍琛?br />
鍙﹀璇鋒敞鎰忎笅闈㈢殑綰跨▼璋冨害瑙勫垯錛堝鏋滄湁涓嶇悊瑙ｏ紝涓嶆ワ紝寰涓嬬湅錛夛細
鈶犲鏋滀袱涓垨鏄袱涓互涓婄殑綰跨▼閮戒慨鏀逛竴涓璞★紝閭ｄ箞鎶婃墽琛屼慨鏀圭殑鏂規硶瀹氫箟涓鴻鍚屾鐨勶紙Synchronized錛?濡傛灉瀵硅薄鏇存柊褰卞搷鍒板彧璇繪柟娉曪紝閭ｄ箞鍙害鏂規硶涔熷簲璇ュ畾涔変負鍚屾鐨?br />鈶″鏋滀竴涓嚎紼嬪繀欏葷瓑寰呬竴涓璞＄姸鎬佸彂鐢熷彉鍖栵紝閭ｄ箞瀹冨簲璇ュ湪瀵硅薄鍐呴儴絳夊緟錛岃屼笉鏄湪澶栭儴絳夊緟錛屽畠鍙互璋冪敤涓涓鍚屾鐨勬柟娉曪紝騫惰榪欎釜鏂規硶璋冪敤wait()
鈶㈡瘡褰撲竴涓柟娉曟敼鍙樻煇涓璞＄殑鐘舵佺殑鏃跺欙紝瀹冨簲璇ヨ皟鐢╪otifyAll()鏂規硶錛岃繖緇欑瓑寰呴槦鍒楃殑綰跨▼鎻愪緵鏈轟細鏉ョ湅涓鐪嬫墽琛岀幆澧冩槸鍚﹀凡鍙戠敓鏀瑰彉
鈶ｈ浣弚ait(),notify(),notifyAll()鏂規硶灞炰簬Object綾伙紝鑰屼笉鏄疶hread綾伙紝浠旂粏媯鏌ョ湅鏄惁姣忔鎵цwait()鏂規硶閮芥湁鐩稿簲鐨刵otify()鎴杗otifyAll()鏂規硶錛屼笖瀹冧滑浣滅敤涓庣浉鍚岀殑瀵硅薄 鍦╦ava涓瘡涓被閮芥湁涓涓富綰跨▼錛岃鎵ц涓涓▼搴忥紝閭ｄ箞榪欎釜綾誨綋涓竴瀹氳鏈塵ain鏂規硶錛岃繖涓猰an鏂規硶涔熷氨鏄痡ava class涓殑涓葷嚎紼嬨備綘鍙互鑷繁鍒涘緩綰跨▼錛屾湁涓ょ鏂規硶錛屼竴鏄戶鎵縏hread綾伙紝鎴栨槸瀹炵幇Runnable鎺ュ彛銆備竴鑸儏鍐典笅錛屾渶濂介伩鍏嶇戶鎵匡紝鍥犱負java涓槸鍗曟牴緇ф壙錛屽鏋滀綘閫夌敤緇ф壙錛岄偅涔堜綘鐨勭被灝卞け鍘諱簡寮規э紝褰撶劧涔熶笉鑳藉叏鐒跺惁瀹氱戶鎵縏hread,璇ユ柟娉曠紪鍐欑畝鍗?鍙互鐩存帴鎿嶄綔綰跨▼,閫傜敤浜庡崟閲嶇戶鎵挎儏鍐點傝嚦浜庨夌敤閭ｄ竴縐嶏紝鍏蜂綋鎯呭喌鍏蜂綋鍒嗘瀽銆?br />
eg.緇ф壙Thread
public class MyThread_1 extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
//some code
}
}
eg.瀹炵幇Runnable鎺ュ彛
public class MyThread_2 implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
//some code
}
}
褰撲嬌鐢ㄧ戶鎵垮垱寤虹嚎紼嬶紝榪欐牱鍚姩綰跨▼錛?br />
new MyThread_1().start()
褰撲嬌鐢ㄥ疄鐜版帴鍙ｅ垱寤虹嚎紼嬶紝榪欐牱鍚姩綰跨▼錛?br />
new Thread(new MyThread_2()).start()
娉ㄦ剰錛屽叾瀹炴槸鍒涘緩涓涓嚎紼嬪疄渚嬶紝騫朵互瀹炵幇浜哛unnable鎺ュ彛鐨勭被涓哄弬鏁頒紶鍏ヨ繖涓疄渚嬶紝褰撴墽琛岃繖涓嚎紼嬬殑鏃跺欙紝MyThread_2涓璻un閲岄潰鐨勪唬鐮佸皢琚墽琛屻?br />涓嬮潰鏄畬鎴愮殑渚嬪瓙錛?br />
public class MyThread implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
System.out.println("My Name is "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
new Thread(new MyThread()).start();
}
}
鎵ц鍚庡皢鎵撳嵃鍑猴細
My Name is Thread-0
浣犱篃鍙互鍒涘緩澶氫釜綰跨▼錛屽儚涓嬮潰榪欐牱
new Thread(new MyThread()).start();
new Thread(new MyThread()).start();
new Thread(new MyThread()).start();
閭ｄ箞浼氭墦鍗板嚭錛?br /> My Name is Thread-0
My Name is Thread-1
My Name is Thread-2
鐪嬩簡涓婇潰鐨勭粨鏋滐紝浣犲彲鑳戒細璁や負綰跨▼鐨勬墽琛岄『搴忔槸渚濇鎵ц鐨勶紝浣嗘槸閭ｅ彧鏄竴鑸儏鍐碉紝鍗冧竾涓嶈鐢ㄤ互涓烘槸綰跨▼鐨勬墽琛屾満鍒訛紱褰卞搷綰跨▼鎵ц欏哄簭鐨勫洜绱犳湁鍑犵偣錛氶鍏堢湅鐪嬪墠闈㈡彁鍒扮殑浼樺厛綰у埆
public class MyThread implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
System.out.println("My Name is "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Thread t1=new Thread(new MyThread());
Thread t2=new Thread(new MyThread());
Thread t3=new Thread(new MyThread());
t2.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);//璧嬩簣鏈楂樹紭鍏堢駭
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
鍐嶇湅鐪嬬粨鏋滐細
My Name is Thread-1
My Name is Thread-0
My Name is Thread-2
綰跨▼鐨勪紭鍏堢駭鍒嗕負10綰э紝鍒嗗埆鐢?鍒?0鐨勬暣鏁頒唬琛紝榛樿鎯呭喌鏄?銆備笂闈㈢殑t2.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY)絳変環涓巘2.setPriority(10錛?br />鐒跺悗鏄嚎紼嬬▼搴忔湰韜殑璁捐錛屾瘮濡備嬌鐢╯leep,yield,join錛寃ait絳夋柟娉曪紙璇︽儏璇風湅JDKDocument)
public class MyThread implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
try
{
int sleepTime=(int)(Math.random()*100);//浜х敓闅忔満鏁板瓧錛?br />Thread.currentThread().sleep(sleepTime);//璁╁叾浼戠湢涓瀹氭椂闂達紝鏃墮棿鍙堜笂闈leepTime鍐沖畾
//public static void sleep(long millis)throw InterruptedException 錛圓PI錛?br />System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 鐫′簡 "+sleepTime);
}catch(InterruptedException ie)//鐢變簬綰跨▼鍦ㄤ紤鐪犲彲鑳借涓柇錛屾墍浠ヨ皟鐢╯leep鏂規硶鐨勬椂鍊欓渶瑕佹崟鎹夊紓甯?br />{
ie.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Thread t1=new Thread(new MyThread());
Thread t2=new Thread(new MyThread());
Thread t3=new Thread(new MyThread());
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
鎵ц鍚庤瀵熷叾杈撳嚭錛?br />
Thread-0 鐫′簡 11
Thread-2 鐫′簡 48
Thread-1 鐫′簡 69
涓婇潰鐨勬墽琛岀粨鏋滄槸闅忔満鐨勶紝鍐嶆墽琛屽緢鍙兘鍑虹幇涓嶅悓鐨勭粨鏋溿傜敱浜庝笂闈㈡垜鍦╮un涓坊鍔犱簡浼戠湢璇彞錛屽綋綰跨▼浼戠湢鐨勬椂鍊欏氨浼氳鍑篶pu錛宑pu灝嗕細閫夋嫨鎵ц澶勪簬runnable鐘舵佷腑鐨勫叾浠栫嚎紼嬶紝褰撶劧涔熷彲鑳藉嚭鐜拌繖縐嶆儏鍐碉紝浼戠湢鐨凾hread绔嬪嵆榪涘叆浜唕unnable鐘舵侊紝cpu鍐嶆鎵ц瀹冦?br />[綰跨▼緇勬蹇礭
綰跨▼鏄彲浠ヨ緇勭粐鐨勶紝java涓瓨鍦ㄧ嚎紼嬬粍鐨勬蹇碉紝姣忎釜綰跨▼閮芥槸涓涓嚎紼嬬粍鐨勬垚鍛?綰跨▼緇勬妸澶氫釜綰跨▼闆嗘垚涓轟竴涓璞?閫氳繃綰跨▼緇勫彲浠ュ悓鏃跺鍏朵腑鐨勫涓嚎紼嬭繘琛屾搷浣?濡傚惎鍔ㄤ竴涓嚎紼嬬粍鐨勬墍鏈夌嚎紼嬬瓑.Java鐨勭嚎紼嬬粍鐢眏ava.lang鍖呬腑鐨凾hread鈥斺擥roup綾誨疄鐜?
ThreadGroup綾葷敤鏉ョ鐞嗕竴緇勭嚎紼?鍖呮嫭:綰跨▼鐨勬暟鐩?綰跨▼闂寸殑鍏崇郴,綰跨▼姝ｅ湪鎵ц鐨勬搷浣?浠ュ強綰跨▼灝嗚鍚姩鎴栫粓姝㈡椂闂寸瓑.綰跨▼緇勮繕鍙互鍖呭惈綰跨▼緇?鍦↗ava鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忎腑,鏈楂樺眰鐨勭嚎紼嬬粍鏄悕浣峬ain鐨勭嚎紼嬬粍,鍦╩ain涓繕鍙互鍔犲叆綰跨▼鎴栫嚎紼嬬粍,鍦╩ian鐨勫瓙綰跨▼緇勪腑涔熷彲浠ュ姞鍏ョ嚎紼嬪拰綰跨▼緇?褰㈡垚綰跨▼緇勫拰綰跨▼涔嬮棿鐨勬爲鐘剁戶鎵垮叧緋匯傚儚涓婇潰鍒涘緩鐨勭嚎紼嬮兘鏄睘浜巑ain榪欎釜綰跨▼緇勭殑銆?br />鍊熺敤涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愶紝main閲岄潰鍙互榪欐牱鍐欙細
public static void main(String[] args)
{
/***************************************
ThreadGroup(String name)
ThreadGroup(ThreadGroup parent, String name)
***********************************/
ThreadGroup group1=new ThreadGroup("group1");
ThreadGroup group2=new ThreadGroup(group1,"group2");
Thread t1=new Thread(group2,new MyThread());
Thread t2=new Thread(group2,new MyThread());
Thread t3=new Thread(group2,new MyThread());
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
綰跨▼緇勭殑宓屽錛宼1,t2,t3琚姞鍏roup2,group2鍔犲叆group1銆?br />鍙﹀涓涓瘮杈冨灝辨槸鍏充簬綰跨▼鍚屾鏂歸潰鐨勶紝璇曟兂榪欐牱涓縐嶆儏鍐碉紝浣犳湁涓絎斿瓨嬈懼湪閾惰錛屼綘鍦ㄤ竴瀹墮摱琛屼負浣犵殑璐︽埛瀛樻錛岃屼綘鐨勫瀛愬湪鍙︿竴瀹墮摱琛屼粠榪欎釜璐︽埛鎻愭錛岀幇鍦ㄤ綘鏈?000鍧楀湪浣犵殑璐︽埛閲岄潰銆備綘瀛樺叆浜?000錛屼絾鏄敱浜庡彟涓鏂逛篃鍦ㄥ榪欑瑪瀛樻榪涜鎿嶄綔錛屼漢瀹跺紑濮嬫墽琛岀殑鏃跺欏彧鐪嬪埌璐︽埛閲岄潰鍘熸潵鐨?000鍏冿紝褰撲綘鐨勫瀛愭彁嬈?000鍏冨悗錛屼綘濡誨瓙鎵鍦ㄧ殑閾惰灝辮涓轟綘鐨勮處鎴烽噷闈㈡病鏈夐挶浜嗭紝鑰屼綘鎵鍦ㄧ殑閾惰鍗磋涓轟綘榪樻湁2000鍏冦?br />鐪嬬湅涓嬮潰鐨勪緥瀛愶細
class BlankSaving //鍌ㄨ搫璐︽埛
{
private static int money=10000;
public void add(int i)
{
money=money+i;
System.out.println("Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?+i+"]");
}
public void get(int i)
{
money=money-i;
System.out.println("Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?+i+"]");
if(money<0)
System.out.println("浣欓涓嶈凍錛?);
}
public int showMoney()
{
return money;
}
}
class Operater implements Runnable
{
String name;
BlankSaving bs;
public Operater(BlankSaving b,String s)
{
name=s;
bs=b;
}
public static void oper(String name,BlankSaving bs)
{
if(name.equals("husband"))
{
try
{
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
Thread.currentThread().sleep((int)(Math.random()*300));
bs.add(1000);
}
}catch(InterruptedException e){}
}else
{
try
{
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
Thread.currentThread().sleep((int)(Math.random()*300));
bs.get(1000);
}
}catch(InterruptedException e){}
}
}
public void run()
{
oper(name,bs);
}
}
public class BankTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)throws InterruptedException
{
BlankSaving bs=new BlankSaving();
Operater o1=new Operater(bs,"husband");
Operater o2=new Operater(bs,"wife");
Thread t1=new Thread(o1);
Thread t2=new Thread(o2);
t1.start();
t2.start();
Thread.currentThread().sleep(500);
}
}
涓嬮潰鏄叾涓竴嬈＄殑鎵ц緇撴灉錛?br />
---------first--------------
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
鐪嬪埌浜嗗悧錛岃繖鍙笉鏄紜殑闇姹傦紝鍦╤usband榪樻病鏈夌粨鏉熸搷浣滅殑鏃跺欙紝wife灝辨彃浜嗚繘鏉ワ紝榪欐牱寰堝彲鑳藉鑷存剰澶栫殑緇撴灉銆傝В鍐沖姙娉曞緢綆鍗曪紝灝辨槸灝嗗鏁版嵁榪涜鎿嶄綔鏂規硶澹版槑涓簊ynchronized,褰撴柟娉曡璇ュ叧閿瓧澹版槑鍚庯紝涔熷氨鎰忓懗鐫錛屽鏋滆繖涓暟鎹鍔犻攣錛屽彧鏈変竴涓璞″緱鍒拌繖涓暟鎹殑閿佺殑鏃跺欒瀵硅薄鎵嶈兘瀵硅繖涓暟鎹繘琛屾搷浣溿備篃灝辨槸褰撲綘瀛樻鐨勬椂鍊欙紝榪欑瑪璐︽埛鍦ㄥ叾浠栧湴鏂規槸涓嶈兘榪涜鎿嶄綔鐨勶紝鍙湁浣犲瓨嬈懼畬姣曪紝閾惰綆＄悊浜哄憳灝嗚處鎴瘋В閿侊紝鍏朵粬浜烘墠鑳藉榪欎釜璐︽埛榪涜鎿嶄綔銆?br />淇敼public static void oper(String name,BlankSaving bs)涓簆ublic static void oper(String name,BlankSaving bs)錛屽啀鐪嬬湅緇撴灉:
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Husband 鍚戦摱琛屽瓨鍏ヤ簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
Wife 鍚戦摱琛屽彇璧頒簡 [錕?000]
褰撲笀澶畬鎴愭搷浣滃悗錛屽瀛愭墠寮濮嬫墽琛屾搷浣滐紝榪欐牱鐨勮瘽錛屽鍏變韓瀵硅薄鐨勬搷浣滃氨涓嶄細鏈夐棶棰樹簡銆?br />[wait and notify]
浣犲彲浠ュ埄鐢ㄨ繖涓や釜鏂規硶寰堝ソ鐨勬帶鍒剁嚎紼嬬殑鎵ц嫻佺▼錛屽綋綰跨▼璋冪敤wait鏂規硶鍚庯紝綰跨▼灝嗚鎸傝搗錛岀洿鍒拌鍙︿竴綰跨▼鍞ら啋錛坣otify錛夋垨鍒欐槸濡傛灉wait鏂規硶鎸囧畾鏈夋椂闂村緱璇濓紝鍦ㄦ病鏈夎鍞ら啋鐨勬儏鍐典笅錛屾寚瀹氭椂闂存椂闂磋繃鍚庝篃灝嗚嚜鍔ㄨ鍞ら啋銆備絾鏄娉ㄦ剰涓瀹氾紝琚敜閱掑茍涓嶆槸鎸囬┈涓婃墽琛岋紝鑰屾槸浠庣粍濉炵姸鎬佸彉涓哄彲榪愯鐘舵侊紝鍏舵槸鍚﹁繍琛岃繕瑕佺湅cpu鐨勮皟搴︺?br />浜嬩緥浠ｇ爜錛?br />
class MyThread_1 extends Thread
{
Object lock;
public MyThread_1(Object o)
{
lock=o;
}
public void run()
{
try
{
synchronized(lock)
{
System.out.println("Enter Thread_1 and wait");
lock.wait();
System.out.println("be notified");
}
}catch(InterruptedException e){}
}
}
class MyThread_2 extends Thread
{
Object lock;
public MyThread_2(Object o)
{
lock=o;
}
public void run()
{
synchronized(lock)
{
System.out.println("Enter Thread_2 and notify");
lock.notify();
}
}
}
public class MyThread
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int[] in=new int[0];//notice
MyThread_1 t1=new MyThread_1(in);
MyThread_2 t2=new MyThread_2(in);
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
鎵ц緇撴灉濡備笅錛?br /> Enter Thread_1 and wait
Enter Thread_2 and notify
Thread_1 be notified
鍙兘浣犳敞鎰忓埌浜嗗湪浣跨敤wait and notify鏂規硶寰楁椂鍊欐垜浣跨敤浜唖ynchronized鍧楁潵鍖呰榪欎袱涓柟娉曪紝榪欐槸鐢變簬璋冪敤榪欎袱涓柟娉曠殑鏃跺欑嚎紼嬪繀欏昏幏寰楅攣錛屼篃灝辨槸涓婇潰浠ｇ爜涓殑lock[]錛屽鏋滀綘涓嶇敤synchronized鍖呰榪欎袱涓柟娉曠殑寰楄瘽錛屽張鎴栧垯閿佷笉涓鏄悓涓鎶婏紝姣斿鍦∕yThread_2涓璼ynchronized(lock)鏀逛負synchronized(this),閭ｄ箞鎵ц榪欎釜紼嬪簭鐨勬椂鍊欏皢浼氭姏鍑簀ava.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException鎵ц鏈熷紓甯搞傚彟澶杦ait and notify鏂規硶鏄疧bject涓殑錛屽茍涓嶅湪Thread榪欎釜綾諱腑銆傛渶鍚庝綘鍙兘娉ㄦ剰鍒頒簡榪欑偣錛歩nt[] in=new int[0];涓轟粈涔堜笉鏄垱寤簄ew Object鑰屾槸涓涓?闀垮害鐨勬暟緇勶紝閭ｆ槸鍥犱負鍦╦ava涓垱寤轟竴涓?闀垮害鐨勬暟緇勬潵鍏呭綋閿佹洿鍔犻珮鏁堛?br />
Thread浣滀負java涓竴閲嶈緇勬垚閮ㄥ垎錛屽綋鐒惰繕鏈夊緢澶氬湴鏂歸渶瑕佹洿娣卞埢鐨勮璇嗭紝涓婇潰鍙槸瀵筎hread鐨勪竴浜涘父璇嗗拰鏄撻敊闂鍋氫簡涓涓畝瑕佺殑鎬葷粨錛岃嫢瑕佺湡姝ｇ殑鎺屾彙java鐨勭嚎紼嬶紝榪橀渶瑕佽嚜宸卞鍋氭葷粨
]]>
銆銆
final鈥斾慨楗扮錛堝叧閿瓧錛夊鏋滀竴涓被琚０鏄庝負final錛屾剰鍛崇潃瀹冧笉鑳藉啀媧劇敓鍑烘柊鐨勫瓙綾伙紝涓嶈兘浣滀負鐖剁被琚戶鎵褲傚洜姝や竴涓被涓嶈兘鏃㈣澹版槑涓?abstract鐨勶紝鍙堣澹版槑涓篺inal鐨勩傚皢鍙橀噺鎴栨柟娉曞０鏄庝負final錛屽彲浠ヤ繚璇佸畠浠湪浣跨敤涓笉琚敼鍙樸傝澹版槑涓篺inal鐨勫彉閲忓繀欏誨湪澹版槑鏃剁粰瀹氬垵鍊鹼紝鑰屽湪浠ュ悗鐨勫紩鐢ㄤ腑鍙兘璇誨彇錛屼笉鍙慨鏀廣傝澹版槑涓篺inal鐨勬柟娉曚篃鍚屾牱鍙兘浣跨敤錛屼笉鑳介噸杞姐?br />
銆銆
finally鈥斿啀寮傚父澶勭悊鏃舵彁渚?finally 鍧楁潵鎵ц浠諱綍娓呴櫎鎿嶄綔銆傚鏋滄姏鍑轟竴涓紓甯革紝閭ｄ箞鐩稿尮閰嶇殑 catch 瀛愬彞灝變細鎵ц錛岀劧鍚庢帶鍒跺氨浼氳繘鍏?finally 鍧楋紙濡傛灉鏈夌殑璇濓級銆?br />
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finalize鈥旀柟娉曞悕銆侸ava 鎶鏈厑璁鎬嬌鐢?finalize() 鏂規硶鍦ㄥ瀮鍦炬敹闆嗗櫒灝嗗璞′粠鍐呭瓨涓竻闄ゅ嚭鍘諱箣鍓嶅仛蹇呰鐨勬竻鐞嗗伐浣溿傝繖涓柟娉曟槸鐢卞瀮鍦炬敹闆嗗櫒鍦ㄧ‘瀹氳繖涓璞℃病鏈夎寮曠敤鏃跺榪欎釜瀵硅薄璋冪敤鐨勩傚畠鏄湪 Object 綾諱腑瀹氫箟鐨勶紝鍥犳鎵鏈夌殑綾婚兘緇ф壙浜嗗畠銆傚瓙綾昏鐩?finalize() 鏂規硶浠ユ暣鐞嗙郴緇熻祫婧愭垨鑰呮墽琛屽叾浠栨竻鐞嗗伐浣溿俧inalize() 鏂規硶鏄湪鍨冨溇鏀墮泦鍣ㄥ垹闄ゅ璞′箣鍓嶅榪欎釜瀵硅薄璋冪敤鐨勩?br />
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絎簩錛孉nonymous Inner Class (鍖垮悕鍐呴儴綾? 鏄惁鍙互extends(緇ф壙)鍏跺畠綾伙紝鏄惁鍙互implements(瀹炵幇)interface(鎺ュ彛)?
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鍖垮悕鐨勫唴閮ㄧ被鏄病鏈夊悕瀛楃殑鍐呴儴綾匯備笉鑳絜xtends(緇ф壙) 鍏跺畠綾伙紝浣嗕竴涓唴閮ㄧ被鍙互浣滀負涓涓帴鍙ｏ紝鐢卞彟涓涓唴閮ㄧ被瀹炵幇銆?br />
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絎笁錛孲tatic Nested Class 鍜?Inner Class鐨勪笉鍚岋紝璇村緱瓚婂瓚婂ソ(闈㈣瘯棰樻湁鐨勫緢絎肩粺)銆?br />
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Nested Class 錛堜竴鑸槸C++鐨勮娉曪級錛孖nner Class (涓鑸槸JAVA鐨勮娉?銆侸ava鍐呴儴綾諱笌C++宓屽綾繪渶澶х殑涓嶅悓灝卞湪浜庢槸鍚︽湁鎸囧悜澶栭儴鐨勫紩鐢ㄤ笂銆傚叿浣撳彲瑙乭ttp: //www.frontfree.net/articles/services/view.asp?id=704&page=1
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娉細 闈欐佸唴閮ㄧ被錛圛nner Class錛夋剰鍛崇潃1鍒涘緩涓涓猻tatic鍐呴儴綾葷殑瀵硅薄錛屼笉闇瑕佷竴涓閮ㄧ被瀵硅薄錛?涓嶈兘浠庝竴涓猻tatic鍐呴儴綾葷殑涓涓璞¤闂竴涓閮ㄧ被瀵硅薄
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絎洓錛?amp;鍜?amp;&鐨勫尯鍒?br />
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&鏄綅榪愮畻絎︺?amp;&鏄竷灝旈昏緫榪愮畻絎︺?br />
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絎簲錛孒ashMap鍜孒ashtable鐨勫尯鍒?br />
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閮藉睘浜嶮ap鎺ュ彛鐨勭被錛屽疄鐜頒簡灝嗘儫涓閿槧灝勫埌鐗瑰畾鐨勫間笂銆?br />
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HashMap 綾繪病鏈夊垎綾繪垨鑰呮帓搴忋傚畠鍏佽涓涓?null 閿拰澶氫釜 null 鍊箋?br />
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Hashtable 綾諱技浜?HashMap錛屼絾鏄笉鍏佽 null 閿拰 null 鍊箋傚畠涔熸瘮 HashMap 鎱紝鍥犱負瀹冩槸鍚屾鐨勩?br />
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絎叚錛孋ollection 鍜?Collections鐨勫尯鍒?br />
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Collections鏄釜java.util涓嬬殑綾伙紝瀹冨寘鍚湁鍚勭鏈夊叧闆嗗悎鎿嶄綔鐨勯潤鎬佹柟娉曘?br />
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Collection鏄釜java.util涓嬬殑鎺ュ彛錛屽畠鏄悇縐嶉泦鍚堢粨鏋勭殑鐖舵帴鍙ｃ?br />
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絎竷錛屼粈涔堟椂鍊欑敤assert銆?br />
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鏂█鏄竴涓寘鍚竷灝旇〃杈懼紡鐨勮鍙ワ紝鍦ㄦ墽琛岃繖涓鍙ユ椂鍋囧畾璇ヨ〃杈懼紡涓?true銆傚鏋滆〃杈懼紡璁＄畻涓?false錛岄偅涔堢郴緇熶細鎶ュ憡涓涓?Assertionerror銆傚畠鐢ㄤ簬璋冭瘯鐩殑錛?br />
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assert(a > 0); // throws an Assertionerror if a <= 0
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鏂█鍙互鏈変袱縐嶅艦寮忥細
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assert Expression1 ;
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assert Expression1 : Expression2 ;
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Expression1 搴旇鎬繪槸浜х敓涓涓竷灝斿箋?br />
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Expression2 鍙互鏄緱鍑轟竴涓肩殑浠繪剰琛ㄨ揪寮忋傝繖涓肩敤浜庣敓鎴愭樉紺烘洿澶氳皟璇曚俊鎭殑 String 娑堟伅銆?br />
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鏂█鍦ㄩ粯璁ゆ儏鍐典笅鏄鐢ㄧ殑銆傝鍦ㄧ紪璇戞椂鍚敤鏂█錛岄渶瑕佷嬌鐢?source 1.4 鏍囪錛?br />
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javac -source 1.4 Test.java
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瑕佸湪榪愯鏃跺惎鐢ㄦ柇璦錛屽彲浣跨敤 -enableassertions 鎴栬?-ea 鏍囪銆?br />
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瑕佸湪榪愯鏃墮夋嫨紱佺敤鏂█錛屽彲浣跨敤 -da 鎴栬?-disableassertions 鏍囪銆?br />
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瑕佺郴緇熺被涓惎鐢ㄦ柇璦錛屽彲浣跨敤 -esa 鎴栬?-dsa 鏍囪銆傝繕鍙互鍦ㄥ寘鐨勫熀紜涓婂惎鐢ㄦ垨鑰呯鐢ㄦ柇璦銆?br />
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鍙互鍦ㄩ璁℃甯告儏鍐典笅涓嶄細鍒拌揪鐨勪換浣曚綅緗笂鏀劇疆鏂█銆傛柇璦鍙互鐢ㄤ簬楠岃瘉浼犻掔粰縐佹湁鏂規硶鐨勫弬鏁般備笉榪囷紝鏂█涓嶅簲璇ョ敤浜庨獙璇佷紶閫掔粰鍏湁鏂規硶鐨勫弬鏁幫紝鍥犱負涓嶇鏄惁鍚敤浜嗘柇璦錛屽叕鏈夋柟娉曢兘蹇呴』媯鏌ュ叾鍙傛暟銆備笉榪囷紝鏃㈠彲浠ュ湪鍏湁鏂規硶涓紝涔熷彲浠ュ湪闈炲叕鏈夋柟娉曚腑鍒╃敤鏂█嫻嬭瘯鍚庣疆鏉′歡銆傚彟澶栵紝鏂█涓嶅簲璇ヤ互浠諱綍鏂瑰紡鏀瑰彉紼嬪簭鐨勭姸鎬併?
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絎叓錛孏C鏄粈涔? 涓轟粈涔堣鏈塆C? (鍩虹)銆?
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GC鏄瀮鍦炬敹闆嗗櫒銆侸ava 紼嬪簭鍛樹笉鐢ㄦ媴蹇冨唴瀛樼鐞嗭紝鍥犱負鍨冨溇鏀墮泦鍣ㄤ細鑷姩榪涜綆＄悊銆傝璇鋒眰鍨冨溇鏀墮泦錛屽彲浠ヨ皟鐢ㄤ笅闈㈢殑鏂規硶涔嬩竴錛?br />
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System.gc()
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Runtime.getRuntime().gc()
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絎節錛孲tring s = new String("xyz");鍒涘緩浜嗗嚑涓猄tring Object?
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涓や釜瀵硅薄錛屼竴涓槸"xyx",涓涓槸鎸囧悜"xyx"鐨勫紩鐢ㄥ璞銆?br />
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絎崄錛孧ath.round(11.5)絳夋柤澶氬皯? Math.round(-11.5)絳夋柤澶氬皯?
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Math.round(11.5)榪斿洖錛坙ong錛?2錛孧ath.round(-11.5)榪斿洖錛坙ong錛?11;
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絎崄涓錛宻hort s1 = 1; s1 = s1 + 1;鏈変粈涔堥敊? short s1 = 1; s1 += 1;鏈変粈涔堥敊?
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short s1 = 1; s1 = s1 + 1;鏈夐敊錛宻1鏄痵hort鍨嬶紝s1+1鏄痠nt鍨?涓嶈兘鏄懼紡杞寲涓簊hort鍨嬨傚彲淇敼涓簊1 =(short)(s1 + 1) 銆俿hort s1 = 1; s1 += 1姝ｇ‘銆?br />
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絎崄浜岋紝sleep() 鍜?wait() 鏈変粈涔堝尯鍒? 鎼炵嚎紼嬬殑鏈鐖?br />
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sleep()鏂規硶鏄嬌綰跨▼鍋滄涓孌墊椂闂寸殑鏂規硶銆傚湪sleep 鏃墮棿闂撮殧鏈熸弧鍚庯紝綰跨▼涓嶄竴瀹氱珛鍗蟲仮澶嶆墽琛屻傝繖鏄洜涓哄湪閭ｄ釜鏃跺埢錛屽叾瀹冪嚎紼嬪彲鑳芥鍦ㄨ繍琛岃屼笖娌℃湁琚皟搴︿負鏀懼純鎵ц錛岄櫎闈?br />
(a)"閱掓潵"鐨勭嚎紼嬪叿鏈夋洿楂樼殑浼樺厛綰с?br />
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(b)姝ｅ湪榪愯鐨勭嚎紼嬪洜涓哄叾瀹冨師鍥犺岄樆濉炪?br />
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wait()鏄嚎紼嬩氦浜掓椂錛屽鏋滅嚎紼嬪涓涓悓姝ュ璞 鍙戝嚭涓涓獁ait()璋冪敤錛岃綰跨▼浼氭殏鍋滄墽琛岋紝琚皟瀵硅薄榪涘叆絳夊緟鐘舵侊紝鐩村埌琚敜閱掓垨絳夊緟鏃墮棿鍒般?br />
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絎崄涓夛紝Java鏈夋病鏈塯oto?
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Goto鈥攋ava涓殑淇濈暀瀛楋紝鐜板湪娌℃湁鍦╦ava涓嬌鐢ㄣ?br />
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絎崄鍥涳紝鏁扮粍鏈夋病鏈塴ength()榪欎釜鏂規硶? String鏈夋病鏈塴ength()榪欎釜鏂規硶錛?br />
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鏁扮粍娌℃湁length()榪欎釜鏂規硶錛屾湁length鐨勫睘鎬с?br />
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String鏈夋湁length()榪欎釜鏂規硶銆?br />
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絎崄浜旓紝Overload鍜孫verride鐨勫尯鍒侽verloaded鐨勬柟娉曟槸鍚﹀彲浠ユ敼鍙樿繑鍥炲肩殑綾誨瀷?
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鏂規硶鐨勯噸鍐橭verriding鍜岄噸杞絆verloading鏄疛ava澶氭佹х殑涓嶅悓琛ㄧ幇銆傞噸鍐橭verriding鏄埗綾諱笌瀛愮被涔嬮棿澶氭佹х殑涓縐嶈〃鐜幫紝閲嶈澆Overloading鏄竴涓被涓鎬佹х殑涓縐嶈〃鐜般傚鏋滃湪瀛愮被涓畾涔夋煇鏂規硶涓庡叾鐖剁被鏈夌浉鍚岀殑鍚嶇О鍜屽弬鏁幫紝鎴戜滑璇磋鏂規硶琚噸鍐?(Overriding)銆傚瓙綾葷殑瀵硅薄浣跨敤榪欎釜鏂規硶鏃訛紝灝嗚皟鐢ㄥ瓙綾諱腑鐨勫畾涔夛紝瀵瑰畠鑰岃█錛岀埗綾諱腑鐨勫畾涔夊鍚岃"灞忚斀"浜嗐傚鏋滃湪涓涓被涓畾涔変簡澶氫釜鍚屽悕鐨勬柟娉曪紝瀹冧滑鎴栨湁涓嶅悓鐨勫弬鏁頒釜鏁版垨鏈変笉鍚岀殑鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛屽垯縐頒負鏂規硶鐨勯噸杞?Overloading)銆侽verloaded鐨勬柟娉曟槸鍙互鏀瑰彉榪斿洖鍊肩殑綾誨瀷銆?br />
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絎崄鍏紝Set閲岀殑鍏冪礌鏄笉鑳介噸澶嶇殑錛岄偅涔堢敤浠涔堟柟娉曟潵鍖哄垎閲嶅涓庡惁鍛? 鏄敤==榪樻槸equals()? 瀹冧滑鏈変綍鍖哄埆?
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Set閲岀殑鍏冪礌鏄笉鑳介噸澶嶇殑錛岄偅涔堢敤iterator()鏂規硶鏉ュ尯鍒嗛噸澶嶄笌鍚︺俥quals()鏄垽璇諱袱涓猄et鏄惁鐩哥瓑銆?br />
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equals()鍜?=鏂規硶鍐沖畾寮曠敤鍊兼槸鍚︽寚鍚戝悓涓瀵硅薄equals()鍦ㄧ被涓瑕嗙洊錛屼負鐨勬槸褰撲袱涓垎紱葷殑瀵硅薄鐨勫唴瀹瑰拰綾誨瀷鐩擱厤鐨勮瘽錛岃繑鍥炵湡鍊箋?br />
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絎崄涓冿紝緇欐垜涓涓綘鏈甯歌鍒扮殑runtime exception銆?br />
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ArithmeticException, ArrayStoreException, BufferOverflowException, BufferUnderflowException, CannotRedoException, CannotUndoException, ClassCastException, CMMException, ConcurrentModificationException, DOMException, EmptyStackException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalMonitorStateException, IllegalPathStateException, IllegalStateException, 銆銆ImagingOpException, IndexOutOfBoundsException, MissingResourceException, NegativeArraySizeException, NoSuchElementException, NullPointerException, ProfileDataException, ProviderException, RasterFORMatException, SecurityException, SystemException, UndeclaredThrowableException, UnmodifiableSetException, UnsupportedOperationException
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絎崄鍏紝error鍜宔xception鏈変粈涔堝尯鍒?
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error 琛ㄧず鎭㈠涓嶆槸涓嶅彲鑳戒絾寰堝洶闅劇殑鎯呭喌涓嬬殑涓縐嶄弗閲嶉棶棰樸傛瘮濡傝鍐呭瓨婧㈠嚭銆備笉鍙兘鎸囨湜紼嬪簭鑳藉鐞嗚繖鏍風殑鎯呭喌銆?br />
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exception 琛ㄧず涓縐嶈璁℃垨瀹炵幇闂銆備篃灝辨槸璇達紝瀹冭〃紺哄鏋滅▼搴忚繍琛屾甯革紝浠庝笉浼氬彂鐢熺殑鎯呭喌銆?br />
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絎崄涔濓紝List, Set, Map鏄惁緇ф壙鑷狢ollection鎺ュ彛?
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List錛孲et鏄?br />
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Map涓嶆槸
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絎簩鍗侊紝abstract class鍜宨nterface鏈変粈涔堝尯鍒?
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澹版槑鏂規硶鐨勫瓨鍦ㄨ屼笉鍘誨疄鐜板畠鐨勭被琚彨鍋氭娊璞＄被錛坅bstract class錛夛紝瀹冪敤浜庤鍒涘緩涓涓綋鐜版煇浜涘熀鏈涓虹殑綾伙紝騫朵負璇ョ被澹版槑鏂規硶錛屼絾涓嶈兘鍦ㄨ綾諱腑瀹炵幇璇ョ被鐨勬儏鍐點備笉鑳藉垱寤篴bstract 綾葷殑瀹炰緥銆傜劧鑰屽彲浠ュ垱寤轟竴涓彉閲忥紝鍏剁被鍨嬫槸涓涓娊璞＄被錛屽茍璁╁畠鎸囧悜鍏蜂綋瀛愮被鐨勪竴涓疄渚嬨備笉鑳芥湁鎶借薄鏋勯犲嚱鏁版垨鎶借薄闈欐佹柟娉曘侫bstract 綾葷殑瀛愮被涓哄畠浠埗綾諱腑鐨勬墍鏈夋娊璞℃柟娉曟彁渚涘疄鐜幫紝鍚﹀垯瀹冧滑涔熸槸鎶借薄綾諱負銆傚彇鑰屼唬涔嬶紝鍦ㄥ瓙綾諱腑瀹炵幇璇ユ柟娉曘傜煡閬撳叾琛屼負鐨勫叾瀹冪被鍙互鍦ㄧ被涓疄鐜拌繖浜涙柟娉曘?br />
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鎺ュ彛錛坕nterface錛夋槸鎶借薄綾葷殑鍙樹綋銆傚湪鎺ュ彛涓紝鎵鏈夋柟娉曢兘鏄娊璞＄殑銆傚緇ф壙鎬у彲閫氳繃瀹炵幇榪欐牱鐨勬帴鍙ｈ岃幏寰椼傛帴鍙ｄ腑鐨勬墍鏈夋柟娉曢兘鏄娊璞＄殑錛屾病鏈変竴涓湁紼嬪簭浣撱傛帴鍙ｅ彧鍙互瀹氫箟static final鎴愬憳鍙橀噺銆傛帴鍙ｇ殑瀹炵幇涓庡瓙綾葷浉浼鹼紝闄や簡璇ュ疄鐜扮被涓嶈兘浠庢帴鍙ｅ畾涔変腑緇ф壙琛屼負銆傚綋綾誨疄鐜扮壒孌婃帴鍙ｆ椂錛屽畠瀹氫箟錛堝嵆灝嗙▼搴忎綋緇欎簣錛夋墍鏈夎繖縐嶆帴鍙ｇ殑鏂規硶銆傜劧鍚庯紝瀹冨彲浠ュ湪瀹炵幇浜嗚鎺ュ彛鐨勭被鐨勪換浣曞璞′笂璋冪敤鎺ュ彛鐨勬柟娉曘傜敱浜庢湁鎶借薄綾伙紝瀹冨厑璁鎬嬌鐢ㄦ帴鍙ｅ悕浣滀負寮曠敤鍙橀噺鐨勭被鍨嬨傞氬父鐨勫姩鎬佽仈緙栧皢鐢熸晥銆傚紩鐢ㄥ彲浠ヨ漿鎹㈠埌鎺ュ彛綾誨瀷鎴栦粠鎺ュ彛綾誨瀷杞崲錛宨nstanceof 榪愮畻絎﹀彲浠ョ敤鏉ュ喅瀹氭煇瀵硅薄鐨勭被鏄惁瀹炵幇浜嗘帴鍙ｃ?br />
銆銆
絎簩鍗佷竴錛宎bstract鐨刴ethod鏄惁鍙悓鏃舵槸static,鏄惁鍙悓鏃舵槸native錛屾槸鍚﹀彲鍚屾椂鏄痵ynchronized?
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閮戒笉鑳?br />
銆銆
絎簩鍗佷簩錛屾帴鍙ｆ槸鍚﹀彲緇ф壙鎺ュ彛? 鎶借薄綾繪槸鍚﹀彲瀹炵幇(implements)鎺ュ彛? 鎶借薄綾繪槸鍚﹀彲緇ф壙瀹炰綋綾?concrete class)?
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鎺ュ彛鍙互緇ф壙鎺ュ彛銆傛娊璞＄被鍙互瀹炵幇(implements)鎺ュ彛錛屾娊璞＄被鏄惁鍙戶鎵垮疄浣撶被錛屼絾鍓嶆彁鏄疄浣撶被蹇呴』鏈夋槑紜殑鏋勯犲嚱鏁般?br />
銆
絎簩鍗佷笁錛屽惎鍔ㄤ竴涓嚎紼嬫槸鐢╮un()榪樻槸start()?
銆銆
鍚姩涓涓嚎紼嬫槸璋冪敤start()鏂規硶錛屼嬌綰跨▼鎵浠ｈ〃鐨勮櫄鎷熷鐞嗘満澶勪簬鍙繍琛岀姸鎬侊紝榪欐剰鍛崇潃瀹冨彲浠ョ敱JVM璋冨害騫舵墽琛屻傝繖騫朵笉鎰忓懗鐫綰跨▼灝變細绔嬪嵆榪愯銆俽un()鏂規硶鍙互浜х敓蹇呴』閫鍑虹殑鏍囧織鏉ュ仠姝竴涓嚎紼嬨?br />
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絎簩鍗佸洓錛屾瀯閫犲櫒Constructor鏄惁鍙override?
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鏋勯犲櫒Constructor涓嶈兘琚戶鎵匡紝鍥犳涓嶈兘閲嶅啓Overriding錛屼絾鍙互琚噸杞絆verloading銆?br />
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絎簩鍗佷簲錛屾槸鍚﹀彲浠ョ戶鎵縎tring綾?
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String綾繪槸final綾繪晠涓嶅彲浠ョ戶鎵褲?br />
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絎簩鍗佸叚錛屽綋涓涓嚎紼嬭繘鍏ヤ竴涓璞＄殑涓涓猻ynchronized鏂規硶鍚庯紝鍏跺畠綰跨▼鏄惁鍙繘鍏ユ瀵硅薄鐨勫叾瀹冩柟娉?
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涓嶈兘錛屼竴涓璞＄殑涓涓猻ynchronized鏂規硶鍙兘鐢變竴涓嚎紼嬭闂?br />
銆銆
絎簩鍗佷竷錛宼ry {}閲屾湁涓涓猺eturn璇彞錛岄偅涔堢揣璺熷湪榪欎釜try鍚庣殑finally {}閲岀殑code浼氫笉浼氳鎵ц錛屼粈涔堟椂鍊欒鎵ц錛屽湪return鍓嶈繕鏄悗?
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浼氭墽琛岋紝鍦╮eturn鍓嶆墽琛屻?br />
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浜屽崄鍏紝緙栫▼棰? 鐢ㄦ渶鏈夋晥鐜囩殑鏂規硶綆楀嚭2涔樹互8絳夋柤鍑?
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鏈塁鑳屾櫙鐨勭▼搴忓憳鐗瑰埆鍠滄闂繖縐嶉棶棰樸?
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絎簩鍗佷節錛屼袱涓璞″肩浉鍚?x.equals(y) == true)錛屼絾鍗村彲鏈変笉鍚岀殑hash code錛岃繖鍙ヨ瘽瀵逛笉瀵?
銆
涓嶅錛屾湁鐩稿悓鐨刪ash code銆?
銆銆
絎笁鍗侊紝褰撲竴涓璞¤褰撲綔鍙傛暟浼犻掑埌涓涓柟娉曞悗錛屾鏂規硶鍙敼鍙樿繖涓璞＄殑灞炴э紝騫跺彲榪斿洖鍙樺寲鍚庣殑緇撴灉錛岄偅涔堣繖閲屽埌搴曟槸鍊間紶閫掕繕鏄紩鐢ㄤ紶閫?
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鏄間紶閫掋侸ava 緙栫▼璇█鍙敱鍊間紶閫掑弬鏁般傚綋涓涓璞″疄渚嬩綔涓轟竴涓弬鏁拌浼犻掑埌鏂規硶涓椂錛屽弬鏁扮殑鍊煎氨鏄璇ュ璞＄殑寮曠敤銆傚璞＄殑鍐呭鍙互鍦ㄨ璋冪敤鐨勬柟娉曚腑鏀瑰彉錛屼絾瀵硅薄鐨勫紩鐢ㄦ槸姘歌繙涓嶄細鏀瑰彉鐨勩?
銆銆
絎笁鍗佷竴錛宻wtich鏄惁鑳戒綔鐢ㄥ湪byte涓婏紝鏄惁鑳戒綔鐢ㄥ湪long涓婏紝鏄惁鑳戒綔鐢ㄥ湪String涓?
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switch錛坋xpr1錛変腑錛宔xpr1鏄竴涓暣鏁拌〃杈懼紡銆傚洜姝や紶閫掔粰 switch 鍜?case 璇彞鐨勫弬鏁板簲璇ユ槸 int銆?short銆?char 鎴栬?byte銆俵ong,string 閮戒笉鑳戒綔鐢ㄤ簬swtich銆?br />
銆銆
絎笁鍗佷簩錛岀紪紼嬮: 鍐欎竴涓猄ingleton鍑烘潵銆?br />
銆銆
Singleton妯″紡涓昏浣滅敤鏄繚璇佸湪Java搴旂敤紼嬪簭涓紝涓涓被Class鍙湁涓涓疄渚嬪瓨鍦ㄣ?br />
銆
涓鑸琒ingleton妯″紡閫氬父鏈夊嚑縐嶇褰㈠紡:
銆銆
絎竴縐嶅艦寮? 瀹氫箟涓涓被錛屽畠鐨勬瀯閫犲嚱鏁頒負private鐨勶紝瀹冩湁涓涓猻tatic鐨刾rivate鐨勮綾誨彉閲忥紝鍦ㄧ被鍒濆鍖栨椂瀹炰緥璇濓紝閫氳繃涓涓猵ublic鐨刧etInstance鏂規硶鑾峰彇瀵瑰畠鐨勫紩鐢?緇ц岃皟鐢ㄥ叾涓殑鏂規硶銆?
銆銆
public class Singleton {
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private Singleton(){}
銆銆
//鍦ㄨ嚜宸卞唴閮ㄥ畾涔夎嚜宸變竴涓疄渚嬶紝鏄笉鏄緢濂囨紵
銆銆
//娉ㄦ剰榪欐槸private 鍙緵鍐呴儴璋冪敤
銆銆
private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
銆銆
//榪欓噷鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓緵澶栭儴璁塊棶鏈琧lass鐨勯潤鎬佹柟娉曪紝鍙互鐩存帴璁塊棶銆銆
銆銆
public static Singleton getInstance() {
銆銆
return instance; 銆銆
銆銆
}
銆銆
}
銆銆
絎簩縐嶅艦寮?
銆銆
public class Singleton {
銆銆
private static Singleton instance = null;
銆銆
public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
銆銆
//榪欎釜鏂規硶姣斾笂闈㈡湁鎵鏀硅繘錛屼笉鐢ㄦ瘡嬈￠兘榪涜鐢熸垚瀵硅薄錛屽彧鏄涓嬈°
銆銆 銆 銆
銆//浣跨敤鏃剁敓鎴愬疄渚嬶紝鎻愰珮浜嗘晥鐜囷紒
銆銆
if (instance==null)
銆銆
instance錛漬ew Singleton();
銆銆
return instance; 銆銆}
銆銆
}
銆銆
鍏朵粬褰㈠紡:
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瀹氫箟涓涓被錛屽畠鐨勬瀯閫犲嚱鏁頒負private鐨勶紝鎵鏈夋柟娉曚負static鐨勩?
銆銆
涓鑸涓虹涓縐嶅艦寮忚鏇村姞瀹夊叏浜?
銆銆
Hashtable鍜孒ashMap
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Hashtable緇ф壙鑷狣ictionary綾伙紝鑰孒ashMap鏄疛ava1.2寮曡繘鐨凪ap interface鐨勪竴涓疄鐜?br />
銆銆
HashMap鍏佽灝唍ull浣滀負涓涓猠ntry鐨刱ey鎴栬卾alue錛岃孒ashtable涓嶅厑璁?
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榪樻湁灝辨槸錛孒ashMap鎶奌ashtable鐨刢ontains鏂規硶鍘繪帀浜嗭紝鏀規垚containsvalue鍜宑ontainsKey銆傚洜涓篶ontains鏂規硶瀹規槗璁╀漢寮曡搗璇В銆?br />
銆銆
鏈澶х殑涓嶅悓鏄紝Hashtable鐨勬柟娉曟槸Synchronize鐨勶紝鑰孒ashMap涓嶆槸錛屽湪
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澶氫釜綰跨▼璁塊棶Hashtable鏃訛紝涓嶉渶瑕佽嚜宸變負瀹冪殑鏂規硶瀹炵幇鍚屾錛岃孒ashMap
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灝卞繀欏諱負涔嬫彁渚涘鍚屾銆?
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Hashtable鍜孒ashMap閲囩敤鐨刪ash/rehash綆楁硶閮藉ぇ姒備竴鏍鳳紝鎵浠ユц兘涓嶄細鏈夊緢澶х殑宸紓銆?br />
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聽
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Interface ,緇欏鐣岀殑鎺ュ彛,鎸夌収瑙勫畾鍔炰簨錛?br />Abstract聽聽,鍐呴儴緇ф壙鍏崇郴錛?br />
interface 灝辨槸涓緇勬搷浣滅殑闆嗗悎,瀹冨畾涔変簡涓涓涓洪泦浣嗕笉浣滀換浣曞叿浣撶殑瀹炵幇,榪欐牱鐨勮瘽,鍏蜂綋鐨勬搷浣?閮藉彲浠ユ斁鍦ㄥ疄鐜扮被涓幓,
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽浣撶幇璁捐涓庡疄鐜板垎紱葷殑璁捐鎬濇兂銆?br />
鍦ㄩ潰鍚戝璞＄殑姒傚康涓紝鎵鏈夌殑瀵硅薄閮芥槸閫氳繃綾繪潵鎻忕粯錛屽鏋滀竴涓被涓病鏈夊寘鍚凍澶熺殑淇℃伅鏉ユ弿緇樹竴涓叿浣撶殑瀵硅薄錛岃繖鏍風殑綾誨氨鏄娊璞＄被
鎶借薄姒傚康鍦ㄩ棶棰橀鍩熸病鏈夊搴旂殑鍏蜂綋姒傚康錛屾墍浠ョ敤浠ヨ〃寰佹娊璞℃蹇電殑鎶借薄綾繪槸涓嶈兘澶熷疄渚嬪寲鐨勩?br />
=====================================================================================================================
浣跨敤abstract class鐨勬柟寮忓畾涔塂emo鎶借薄綾葷殑鏂瑰紡濡備笅錛?br />
abstract class Demo {
abstract void method1();
abstract void method2();
鈥?br />}
浣跨敤interface鐨勬柟寮忓畾涔塂emo鎶借薄綾葷殑鏂瑰紡濡備笅錛?br />
interface Demo {
void method1();
void method2();
鈥?br />}
====================================================================================================================
浠庣紪紼嬪眰闈㈢湅abstract class鍜宨nterface
abstract class鍦↗ava璇█涓〃紺虹殑鏄竴縐嶇戶鎵垮叧緋伙紝涓涓被鍙兘浣跨敤涓嬈＄戶鎵垮叧緋?br />涓涓被鍗村彲浠ュ疄鐜板涓猧nterface
鍦╝bstract class鐨勫畾涔変腑錛屾垜浠彲浠ヨ祴浜堟柟娉曠殑榛樿琛屼負
鍦╥nterface鐨勫畾涔変腑錛屾柟娉曞嵈涓嶈兘鎷ユ湁榛樿琛屼負
======================================================================================================================
渚嬪瑕佽璁′竴涓艦鐘剁被MShape錛屼粠姝ょ被鍙互媧劇敓 鏂瑰艦銆佸渾褰€佷笁瑙掑艦絳夊瓙綾匯傛垜浠氨鍙互灝哅Shape榪欎釜鐖剁被璁捐涓篴bstract綾匯?br />
姣斿錛屽瓙綾婚兘鏈?color 灞炴э紝鍥犳鍙互鎶?color 榪欎釜鏁版嵁鎴愬憳錛屼互鍙婄粰 color 璧嬪肩殑method鍧囪璁″湪鐖剁被涓紝
榪欐牱灝變笉鐢ㄥ湪姣忎釜瀛愮被涓璁＄浉鍚岀殑浠ｇ爜鏉ュ鐞?color 榪欎釜灞炴с?br />鑰屽鏋滄兂璁＄畻鍑犱綍褰㈢姸鐨勯潰縐紝鐢變簬鍚勪釜鍑犱綍褰㈢姸鐨勯潰縐綆楁柟寮忛兘涓嶇浉鍚岋紝鎵浠ユ妸璁＄畻闈㈢Н鐨刴ethod鐨勫鐞嗘斁鍦ㄧ埗綾諱腑灝變笉鍚堥傦紝
浣嗙敱浜庢瘡涓嚑浣曞艦鐘墮兘闇瑕佺敤鍒拌繖涓猰ethod錛屽洜姝ゅ彲浠ュ湪鐖剁被涓彧澹版槑璁＄畻闈㈢Н鐨刴ethod "area()"錛岃屾妸鍏蜂綋鐨勫鐞嗘斁鍦ㄥ瓙綾諱腑瀹氫箟銆?br />鍗蟲妸area()璁捐涓烘娊璞＄被銆?br />
浠ヤ笅鏄▼搴忎唬鐮侊細
//abstract綾?MShape聽聽聽聽聽聽
abstract class MShape
{
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽protected String color;聽聽 //鏁版嵁鎴愬憳
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽public void setColor(String mcolor)聽聽 //涓鑸柟娉曪紝瀹氫箟浜嗗叿浣撶殑澶勭悊
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽{
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 color=mcolor;
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽}
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽abstract void area();聽聽 //鎶借薄鏂規硶錛屾病鏈夊畾涔夊叿浣撶殑澶勭悊
}
//鏂瑰艦綾?br />
class RectShape extends MShape
{聽聽聽聽聽聽
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽int width,height,rectarea;聽聽聽聽
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽public RectShape(int w,int h)
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽{聽聽
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 width=w;
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 height=h;聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽}
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽public void area()聽聽//璁＄畻闈㈢Н
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽{聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽rectarea=width*height;
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽}
}
//浣跨敤
public class myapp
{
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽public static void main(String args[])
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽{
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽RectShape rect=new RectShape(3,6);
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽rect.setColor("Red");
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽rect.area();
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽System.out.print("color="+rect.color+", area="+rect.rectarea);
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽}
}
鐢辨鍙錛屽湪abstract涓笉浠呭彲浠ュ畾涔変竴鑸殑鏂規硶錛堝嵆鍙互榪涜鍏蜂綋澶勭悊鐨勬柟娉曪級錛岃繕鍙互璞nterface涓鏍峰畾涔夋娊璞℃柟娉曘?br />鑰屽湪interface涓彧鑳藉畾涔夋娊璞℃柟娉曘?/font>
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