无论那种操作方式Q一般都通过四个步骤来完成:
Q?Q?打开串口
Win32pȝ把文件的概念q行了扩展。无论是文g、通信讑֤、命名管道、邮件槽、磁盘、还是控制台Q都是用API函数CreateFile来打开或创建的。该函数的原型ؓQ?
HANDLE CreateFile( LPCTSTR lpFileName, DWORD dwDesiredAccess, DWORD dwShareMode, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes, DWORD dwCreationDistribution, DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes, HANDLE hTemplateFile);
同步I/O方式打开串口的示例代码:
HANDLE hCom; //全局变量Q串口句? hCom=CreateFile("COM1",//COM1? GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, //允许d? 0, //独占方式 NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, //打开而不是创? 0, //同步方式 NULL); if(hCom==(HANDLE)-1) { AfxMessageBox("打开COMp|!"); return FALSE; } return TRUE;重叠I/O打开串口的示例代码:
HANDLE hCom; //全局变量Q串口句? hCom =CreateFile("COM1", //COM1? GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, //允许d? 0, //独占方式 NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, //打开而不是创? FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL|FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, //重叠方式 NULL); if(hCom ==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { AfxMessageBox("打开COMp|!"); return FALSE; } return TRUE;Q?Q?a name=配置串口>配置串口
在打开通讯讑֤句柄后,常常需要对串口q行一些初始化配置工作。这需要通过一个DCBl构来进行。DCBl构包含了诸如L特率、数据位数、奇偶校验和停止位数{信息。在查询或配|串口的属性时Q都要用DCBl构来作为缓冲区?br> 一般用CreateFile打开串口后,可以调用GetCommState函数来获取串口的初始配置。要修改串口的配|,应该先修改DCBl构Q然后再调用SetCommState函数讄串口?br> DCBl构包含了串口的各项参数讄Q下面仅介绍几个该结构常用的变量Q?
typedef struct _DCB{ ……… //波特率,指定通信讑֤的传输速率。这个成员可以是实际波特率值或者下面的帔Rg一Q? DWORD BaudRate; CBR_110QCBR_300QCBR_600QCBR_1200QCBR_2400QCBR_4800QCBR_9600QCBR_19200Q?CBR_38400Q? CBR_56000Q?CBR_57600Q?CBR_115200Q?CBR_128000Q?CBR_256000Q?CBR_14400 DWORD fParity; // 指定奇偶校验使能。若此成员ؓ1Q允许奇偶校验检? … BYTE ByteSize; // 通信字节位数Q?? BYTE Parity; //指定奇偶校验Ҏ(gu)。此成员可以有下列| EVENPARITY 偶校? NOPARITY 无校? MARKPARITY 标记校验 ODDPARITY 奇校? BYTE StopBits; //指定停止位的位数。此成员可以有下列| ONESTOPBIT 1位停止位 TWOSTOPBITS 2位停止位 ONE5STOPBITS 1.5位停止位 ……… } DCB; winbase.h文g中定义了以上用到的常量。如下: #define NOPARITY 0 #define ODDPARITY 1 #define EVENPARITY 2 #define ONESTOPBIT 0 #define ONE5STOPBITS 1 #define TWOSTOPBITS 2 #define CBR_110 110 #define CBR_300 300 #define CBR_600 600 #define CBR_1200 1200 #define CBR_2400 2400 #define CBR_4800 4800 #define CBR_9600 9600 #define CBR_14400 14400 #define CBR_19200 19200 #define CBR_38400 38400 #define CBR_56000 56000 #define CBR_57600 57600 #define CBR_115200 115200 #define CBR_128000 128000 #define CBR_256000 256000GetCommState函数可以获得COM口的讑֤控制块,从而获得相兛_敎ͼ
BOOL GetCommState( HANDLE hFile, //标识通讯端口的句? LPDCB lpDCB //指向一个设备控制块QDCBl构Q的指针 ); SetCommState函数讄COM口的讑֤控制块: BOOL SetCommState( HANDLE hFile, LPDCB lpDCB );除了在BCD中的讄外,E序一般还需要设|I/O~冲区的大小和超时。Windows用I/O~冲区来暂存串口输入和输出的数据。如果通信的速率较高Q则应该讄较大的缓冲区。调用SetupComm函数可以讄串行口的输入和输出缓冲区的大?
BOOL SetupComm( HANDLE hFile, // 通信讑֤的句? DWORD dwInQueue, // 输入~冲区的大小Q字节数Q? DWORD dwOutQueue // 输出~冲区的大小Q字节数Q? );在用ReadFile和WriteFiled串行口时Q需要考虑时问题。超时的作用是在指定的时间内没有d或发送指定数量的字符QReadFile或WriteFile的操作仍然会l束?br> 要查询当前的时讄应调用GetCommTimeouts函数Q该函数会填充一个COMMTIMEOUTSl构。调用SetCommTimeouts可以用某一个COMMTIMEOUTSl构的内Ҏ(gu)讄时?br> d串口的超时有两种Q间隔超时和总超时。间隔超时是指在接收时两个字W之间的最大时延。总超时是指读写操作dp的最大时间。写操作只支持总超Ӟ而读操作两种时均支持。用COMMTIMEOUTSl构可以规定d操作的超时?br>COMMTIMEOUTSl构的定义ؓQ?
typedef struct _COMMTIMEOUTS { DWORD ReadIntervalTimeout; //读间隔超? DWORD ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier; //L间系? DWORD ReadTotalTimeoutConstant; //L间常? DWORD WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier; // 写时间系? DWORD WriteTotalTimeoutConstant; //写时间常? } COMMTIMEOUTS,*LPCOMMTIMEOUTS;COMMTIMEOUTSl构的成员都以毫Uؓ单位。总超时的计算公式是:
SetupComm(hCom,1024,1024); //输入~冲区和输出~冲区的大小都是1024 COMMTIMEOUTS TimeOuts; //讑֮读超? TimeOuts.ReadIntervalTimeout=1000; TimeOuts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier=500; TimeOuts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant=5000; //讑֮写超? TimeOuts.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier=500; TimeOuts.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant=2000; SetCommTimeouts(hCom,&TimeOuts); //讄时 DCB dcb; GetCommState(hCom,&dcb); dcb.BaudRate=9600; //波特率ؓ9600 dcb.ByteSize=8; //每个字节?? dcb.Parity=NOPARITY; //无奇偶校验位 dcb.StopBits=TWOSTOPBITS; //两个停止? SetCommState(hCom,&dcb); PurgeComm(hCom,PURGE_TXCLEAR|PURGE_RXCLEAR);在读写串口之前,q要用PurgeComm()函数清空~冲区,该函数原型:
BOOL PurgeComm( HANDLE hFile, //串口句柄 DWORD dwFlags // 需要完成的操作 );参数dwFlags指定要完成的操作Q可以是下列值的l合Q?
PURGE_TXABORT 中断所有写操作q立卌回,即写操作还没有完成? PURGE_RXABORT 中断所有读操作q立卌回,即L作还没有完成? PURGE_TXCLEAR 清除输出~冲? PURGE_RXCLEAR 清除输入~冲?Q?Q?a name=d串口>d串口
我们使用ReadFile和WriteFiled串口Q下面是两个函数的声明:
BOOL ReadFile( HANDLE hFile, //串口的句? // d的数据存储的地址Q? // 卌入的数据存储在以该指针的gؓ首地址的一片内存区 LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead, // 要读入的数据的字节数 // 指向一个DWORD数|该数D回读操作实际d的字节数 LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead, // 重叠操作Ӟ该参数指向一个OVERLAPPEDl构Q同步操作时Q该参数为NULL? LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped ); BOOL WriteFile( HANDLE hFile, //串口的句? // 写入的数据存储的地址Q? // 即以该指针的gؓ首地址的nNumberOfBytesToWrite // 个字节的数据要写入串口的发送数据缓冲区? LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite, //要写入的数据的字节数 // 指向指向一个DWORD数|该数D回实际写入的字节? LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesWritten, // 重叠操作Ӟ该参数指向一个OVERLAPPEDl构Q? // 同步操作Ӟ该参CؓNULL? LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped );在用ReadFile和WriteFiled串口Ӟ既可以同步执行,也可以重叠执行。在同步执行Ӟ函数直到操作完成后才q回。这意味着同步执行时线E会被阻塞,从而导致效率下降。在重叠执行Ӟ即操作q未完成Q这两个函数也会立即q回Q费时的I/O操作在后台进行?br> ReadFile和WriteFile函数是同步还是异步由CreateFile函数军_Q如果在调用CreateFile创徏句柄时指定了FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED标志Q那么调用ReadFile和WriteFile对该句柄q行的操作就应该是重叠的Q如果未指定重叠标志Q则d操作应该是同步的。ReadFile和WriteFile函数的同步或者异步应该和CreateFile函数怸致?br> ReadFile函数只要在串口输入缓冲区中读入指定数量的字符Q就完成操作。而WriteFile函数不但要把指定数量的字W拷入到输出~冲区,而且要等q些字符从串行口送出d才算完成操作?br> 如果操作成功Q这两个函数都返回TRUE。需要注意的是,当ReadFile和WriteFileq回FALSEӞ不一定就是操作失败,U程应该调用GetLastError函数分析q回的结果。例如,在重叠操作时如果操作q未完成函数p回,那么函数p回FALSEQ而且GetLastError函数q回ERROR_IO_PENDING。这说明重叠操作q未完成?br>
//同步M? char str[100]; DWORD wCount;//d的字节数 BOOL bReadStat; bReadStat=ReadFile(hCom,str,100,&wCount,NULL); if(!bReadStat) { AfxMessageBox("M口失?"); return FALSE; } return TRUE; //同步写串? char lpOutBuffer[100]; DWORD dwBytesWrite=100; COMSTAT ComStat; DWORD dwErrorFlags; BOOL bWriteStat; ClearCommError(hCom,&dwErrorFlags,&ComStat); bWriteStat=WriteFile(hCom,lpOutBuffer,dwBytesWrite,& dwBytesWrite,NULL); if(!bWriteStat) { AfxMessageBox("写串口失?"); } PurgeComm(hCom, PURGE_TXABORT| PURGE_RXABORT|PURGE_TXCLEAR|PURGE_RXCLEAR);在重叠操作时,操作q未完成函数p回?
typedef struct _OVERLAPPED { // o DWORD Internal; DWORD InternalHigh; DWORD Offset; DWORD OffsetHigh; HANDLE hEvent; } OVERLAPPED;在用ReadFile和WriteFile重叠操作ӞU程需要创建OVERLAPPEDl构以供q两个函C用。线E通过OVERLAPPEDl构获得当前的操作状态,该结构最重要的成员是hEvent。hEvent是读写事件。当串口使用异步通讯Ӟ函数q回时操作可能还没有完成Q程序可以通过查该事g得知是否d完毕?br> 当调用ReadFile, WriteFile 函数的时候,该成员会自动被置为无信号状态;当重叠操作完成后Q该成员变量会自动被|ؓ有信L态?
GetOverlappedResult函数 BOOL GetOverlappedResult( HANDLE hFile, // 串口的句? // 指向重叠操作开始时指定的OVERLAPPEDl构 LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped, // 指向一?2位变量,该变量的D回实际读写操作传输的字节数? LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesTransferred, // 该参数用于指定函数是否一直等到重叠操作结束? // 如果该参CؓTRUEQ函数直到操作结束才q回? // 如果该参CؓFALSEQ函数直接返回,q时如果操作没有完成Q? // 通过调用GetLastError()函数会返回ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE? BOOL bWait );该函数返回重叠操作的l果Q用来判断异步操作是否完成,它是通过判断OVERLAPPEDl构中的hEvent是否被置位来实现的?br>
char lpInBuffer[1024]; DWORD dwBytesRead=1024; COMSTAT ComStat; DWORD dwErrorFlags; OVERLAPPED m_osRead; memset(&m_osRead,0,sizeof(OVERLAPPED)); m_osRead.hEvent=CreateEvent(NULL,TRUE,FALSE,NULL); ClearCommError(hCom,&dwErrorFlags,&ComStat); dwBytesRead=min(dwBytesRead,(DWORD)ComStat.cbInQue); if(!dwBytesRead) return FALSE; BOOL bReadStatus; bReadStatus=ReadFile(hCom,lpInBuffer, dwBytesRead,&dwBytesRead,&m_osRead); if(!bReadStatus) //如果ReadFile函数q回FALSE { if(GetLastError()==ERROR_IO_PENDING) //GetLastError()函数q回ERROR_IO_PENDING,表明串口正在q行L? { WaitForSingleObject(m_osRead.hEvent,2000); //使用WaitForSingleObject函数{待Q直到读操作完成或g时已辑ֈ2U钟 //当串口读操作q行完毕后,m_osRead的hEvent事g会变为有信号 PurgeComm(hCom, PURGE_TXABORT| PURGE_RXABORT|PURGE_TXCLEAR|PURGE_RXCLEAR); return dwBytesRead; } return 0; } PurgeComm(hCom, PURGE_TXABORT| PURGE_RXABORT|PURGE_TXCLEAR|PURGE_RXCLEAR); return dwBytesRead;对以上代码再作简要说明:在用ReadFile 函数q行L作前Q应先用ClearCommError函数清除错误。ClearCommError函数的原型如下:
BOOL ClearCommError( HANDLE hFile, // 串口句柄 LPDWORD lpErrors, // 指向接收错误码的变量 LPCOMSTAT lpStat // 指向通讯状态缓冲区 );该函数获得通信错误q报告串口的当前状态,同时Q该函数清除串口的错误标志以便l输入、输出操作?br>参数l(f)pStat指向一个COMSTATl构Q该l构q回串口状态信息?COMSTATl构 COMSTATl构包含串口的信息,l构定义如下Q?
typedef struct _COMSTAT { // cst DWORD fCtsHold : 1; // Tx waiting for CTS signal DWORD fDsrHold : 1; // Tx waiting for DSR signal DWORD fRlsdHold : 1; // Tx waiting for RLSD signal DWORD fXoffHold : 1; // Tx waiting, XOFF char rec''d DWORD fXoffSent : 1; // Tx waiting, XOFF char sent DWORD fEof : 1; // EOF character sent DWORD fTxim : 1; // character waiting for Tx DWORD fReserved : 25; // reserved DWORD cbInQue; // bytes in input buffer DWORD cbOutQue; // bytes in output buffer } COMSTAT, *LPCOMSTAT;本文只用CcbInQue成员变量Q该成员变量的g表输入缓冲区的字节数?br>
q段代码用WaitForSingleObject函数来等待OVERLAPPEDl构的hEvent成员Q下面我们再演示一D调用GetOverlappedResult函数{待的异步读串口CZ代码Q?
char lpInBuffer[1024]; DWORD dwBytesRead=1024; BOOL bReadStatus; DWORD dwErrorFlags; COMSTAT ComStat; OVERLAPPED m_osRead; ClearCommError(hCom,&dwErrorFlags,&ComStat); if(!ComStat.cbInQue) return 0; dwBytesRead=min(dwBytesRead,(DWORD)ComStat.cbInQue); bReadStatus=ReadFile(hCom, lpInBuffer,dwBytesRead, &dwBytesRead,&m_osRead); if(!bReadStatus) //如果ReadFile函数q回FALSE { if(GetLastError()==ERROR_IO_PENDING) { GetOverlappedResult(hCom, &m_osRead,&dwBytesRead,TRUE); // GetOverlappedResult函数的最后一个参数设为TRUEQ? //函数会一直等待,直到L作完成或׃错误而返回? return dwBytesRead; } return 0; } return dwBytesRead;异步写串口的CZ代码Q?
char buffer[1024]; DWORD dwBytesWritten=1024; DWORD dwErrorFlags; COMSTAT ComStat; OVERLAPPED m_osWrite; BOOL bWriteStat; bWriteStat=WriteFile(hCom,buffer,dwBytesWritten, &dwBytesWritten,&m_OsWrite); if(!bWriteStat) { if(GetLastError()==ERROR_IO_PENDING) { WaitForSingleObject(m_osWrite.hEvent,1000); return dwBytesWritten; } return 0; } return dwBytesWritten;Q?Q?a name=关闭串口>关闭串口
利用API函数关闭串口非常单,只需使用CreateFile函数q回的句柄作为参数调用CloseHandle卛_Q?
BOOL CloseHandle( HANDLE hObject; //handle to object to close );串口~程的一个实?
Z让?zhn)更好地理解串口编E?下面我们分别~写两个例程Q见附带的源码部分),q两个例E都实现了工控机与百Ҏ(gu)CZA表通过RS485接口q行的串口通信。其中第一个例E采用同步串口操?W二个例E采用异步串口操作?br> 我们只介lY仉分,RS485接口接线Ҏ(gu)不作介绍Q感兴趣的读者可以查阅相兌料?/p>
例程1
打开VC++6.0Q新建基于对话框的工ERS485CommQ在d话框H口IDD_RS485COMM_DIALOG上添加两个按钮,ID分别为IDC_SEND和IDC_RECEIVEQ标题分别ؓ“发?#8221;?#8220;接收”Q添加一个静态文本框IDC_DISPQ用于显CZ口接收到的内宏V?br>
在RS485CommDlg.cpp文g中添加全局变量Q?
HANDLE hCom; //全局变量Q串口句?在RS485CommDlg.cpp文g中的OnInitDialog()函数d如下代码Q?
// TODO: Add extra initialization here hCom=CreateFile("COM1",//COM1? GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, //允许d? 0, //独占方式 NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, //打开而不是创? 0, //同步方式 NULL); if(hCom==(HANDLE)-1) { AfxMessageBox("打开COMp|!"); return FALSE; } SetupComm(hCom,100,100); //输入~冲区和输出~冲区的大小都是1024 COMMTIMEOUTS TimeOuts; //讑֮读超? TimeOuts.ReadIntervalTimeout=MAXDWORD; TimeOuts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier=0; TimeOuts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant=0; //在读一ơ输入缓冲区的内容后L作就立即q回Q? //而不是否读入了要求的字W? //讑֮写超? TimeOuts.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier=100; TimeOuts.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant=500; SetCommTimeouts(hCom,&TimeOuts); //讄时 DCB dcb; GetCommState(hCom,&dcb); dcb.BaudRate=9600; //波特率ؓ9600 dcb.ByteSize=8; //每个字节?? dcb.Parity=NOPARITY; //无奇偶校验位 dcb.StopBits=TWOSTOPBITS; //两个停止? SetCommState(hCom,&dcb); PurgeComm(hCom,PURGE_TXCLEAR|PURGE_RXCLEAR);分别双击IDC_SEND按钮和IDC_RECEIVE按钮Q添加两个按钮的响应函数Q?
void CRS485CommDlg::OnSend() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here // 在此需要简单介l百特公司XMA5000的通讯协议Q? //该A表RS485通讯采用Lq播方式通讯? //串行半双工,?1位,1个v始位(0)Q?个数据位Q?个停止位(1) //如:MA表显C的瞬时|L发送:DC1 AAA BB ETX //其中QDC1是标准ASCII码的一个控制符P码gؓ11H(十进制的17) //在XMA5000的通讯协议中,DC1表示ȝ时? //AAA是从机地址码,也就是XMA5000昄仪表的通讯地址 //BB为通道Pȝ时值时该gؓ01 //ETX也是标准ASCII码的一个控制符P码gؓ03H //在XMA5000的通讯协议中,ETX表示Ll束W? char lpOutBuffer[7]; memset(lpOutBuffer,''\0'',7); //?个字节先清零 lpOutBuffer[0]=''\x11''; //发送缓冲区的第1个字节ؓDC1 lpOutBuffer[1]=''0''; //W?个字节ؓ字符0(30H) lpOutBuffer[2]=''0''; //W?个字节ؓ字符0(30H) lpOutBuffer[3]=''1''; // W?个字节ؓ字符1(31H) lpOutBuffer[4]=''0''; //W?个字节ؓ字符0(30H) lpOutBuffer[5]=''1''; //W?个字节ؓ字符1(31H) lpOutBuffer[6]=''\x03''; //W?个字节ؓ字符ETX //从该D代码可以看出,仪表的通讯地址?01 DWORD dwBytesWrite=7; COMSTAT ComStat; DWORD dwErrorFlags; BOOL bWriteStat; ClearCommError(hCom,&dwErrorFlags,&ComStat); bWriteStat=WriteFile(hCom,lpOutBuffer,dwBytesWrite,& dwBytesWrite,NULL); if(!bWriteStat) { AfxMessageBox("写串口失?"); } } void CRS485CommDlg::OnReceive() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here char str[100]; memset(str,''\0'',100); DWORD wCount=100;//d的字节数 BOOL bReadStat; bReadStat=ReadFile(hCom,str,wCount,&wCount,NULL); if(!bReadStat) AfxMessageBox("M口失?"); PurgeComm(hCom, PURGE_TXABORT| PURGE_RXABORT|PURGE_TXCLEAR|PURGE_RXCLEAR); m_disp=str; UpdateData(FALSE); }(zhn)可以观察返回的字符Ԍ其中有和仪表昄值相同的部分Q?zhn)可以q行相应的字W串操作取出仪表的显C倹{?br>打开ClassWizard,为静态文本框IDC_DISPdCStringcd变量m_dispQ同时添加WM_CLOSE的相应函敎ͼ
void CRS485CommDlg::OnClose() { // TODO: Add your message handler code here and/or call default CloseHandle(hCom); //E序退出时关闭串口 CDialog::OnClose(); }E序的相应部分已l在代码内部作了详细介绍。连接好g部分Q编译运行程序,l心体会串口同步操作部分?
例程2
打开VC++6.0Q新建基于对话框的工ERS485CommQ在d话框H口IDD_RS485COMM_DIALOG上添加两个按钮,ID分别为IDC_SEND和IDC_RECEIVEQ标题分别ؓ“发?#8221;?#8220;接收”Q添加一个静态文本框IDC_DISPQ用于显CZ口接收到的内宏V在RS485CommDlg.cpp文g中添加全局变量Q?
HANDLE hCom; //全局变量Q?/pre>串口句柄在RS485CommDlg.cpp文g中的OnInitDialog()函数d如下代码Q?
hCom=CreateFile("COM1",//COM1? GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, //允许d? 0, //独占方式 NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, //打开而不是创? FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL|FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, //重叠方式 NULL); if(hCom==(HANDLE)-1) { AfxMessageBox("打开COMp|!"); return FALSE; } SetupComm(hCom,100,100); //输入~冲区和输出~冲区的大小都是100 COMMTIMEOUTS TimeOuts; //讑֮读超? TimeOuts.ReadIntervalTimeout=MAXDWORD; TimeOuts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier=0; TimeOuts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant=0; //在读一ơ输入缓冲区的内容后L作就立即q回Q? //而不是否读入了要求的字W? //讑֮写超? TimeOuts.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier=100; TimeOuts.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant=500; SetCommTimeouts(hCom,&TimeOuts); //讄时 DCB dcb; GetCommState(hCom,&dcb); dcb.BaudRate=9600; //波特率ؓ9600 dcb.ByteSize=8; //每个字节?? dcb.Parity=NOPARITY; //无奇偶校验位 dcb.StopBits=TWOSTOPBITS; //两个停止? SetCommState(hCom,&dcb); PurgeComm(hCom,PURGE_TXCLEAR|PURGE_RXCLEAR);分别双击IDC_SEND按钮和IDC_RECEIVE按钮Q添加两个按钮的响应函数Q?void CRS485CommDlg::OnSend() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here OVERLAPPED m_osWrite; memset(&m_osWrite,0,sizeof(OVERLAPPED)); m_osWrite.hEvent=CreateEvent(NULL,TRUE,FALSE,NULL); char lpOutBuffer[7]; memset(lpOutBuffer,''\0'',7); lpOutBuffer[0]=''\x11''; lpOutBuffer[1]=''0''; lpOutBuffer[2]=''0''; lpOutBuffer[3]=''1''; lpOutBuffer[4]=''0''; lpOutBuffer[5]=''1''; lpOutBuffer[6]=''\x03''; DWORD dwBytesWrite=7; COMSTAT ComStat; DWORD dwErrorFlags; BOOL bWriteStat; ClearCommError(hCom,&dwErrorFlags,&ComStat); bWriteStat=WriteFile(hCom,lpOutBuffer, dwBytesWrite,& dwBytesWrite,&m_osWrite); if(!bWriteStat) { if(GetLastError()==ERROR_IO_PENDING) { WaitForSingleObject(m_osWrite.hEvent,1000); } } } void CRS485CommDlg::OnReceive() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here OVERLAPPED m_osRead; memset(&m_osRead,0,sizeof(OVERLAPPED)); m_osRead.hEvent=CreateEvent(NULL,TRUE,FALSE,NULL); COMSTAT ComStat; DWORD dwErrorFlags; char str[100]; memset(str,''\0'',100); DWORD dwBytesRead=100;//d的字节数 BOOL bReadStat; ClearCommError(hCom,&dwErrorFlags,&ComStat); dwBytesRead=min(dwBytesRead, (DWORD)ComStat.cbInQue); bReadStat=ReadFile(hCom,str, dwBytesRead,&dwBytesRead,&m_osRead); if(!bReadStat) { if(GetLastError()==ERROR_IO_PENDING) //GetLastError()函数q回ERROR_IO_PENDING,表明串口正在q行L? { WaitForSingleObject(m_osRead.hEvent,2000); //使用WaitForSingleObject函数{待Q直到读操作完成或g时已辑ֈ2U钟 //当串口读操作q行完毕后,m_osRead的hEvent事g会变为有信号 } } PurgeComm(hCom, PURGE_TXABORT| PURGE_RXABORT|PURGE_TXCLEAR|PURGE_RXCLEAR); m_disp=str; UpdateData(FALSE); }打开ClassWizard,为静态文本框IDC_DISPdCStringcd变量m_dispQ同时添加WM_CLOSE的相应函敎ͼvoid CRS485CommDlg::OnClose() { // TODO: Add your message handler code here and/or call default CloseHandle(hCom); //E序退出时关闭串口 CDialog::OnClose(); }
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HANDLE CreateFile ( LPCTSTR lpFileName, //要打开的串口逻辑名,如COM1 或COM2 DWORD dwAccess, //指定串口讉K的类型,可以是读取、写入或两者ƈ?br> DWORD dwShareMode, //指定׃n属性,׃串口不能׃n,该参数必ȝ? LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpsa, //引用安全性属性结构,~省gؓNULL DWORD dwCreate, //创徏标志Q对串口操作该参数必ȝ为OPEN EXISTING DWORD dwAttrsAndFlags, //属性描qͼ用于指定该串口是否可q行异步操作Q?br> //FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPEDQ可使用异步的I/O HANDLE hTemplateFile //指向模板文g的句柄,对串口而言该参数必ȝ为NULL ); |
HANDLE hCom; DWORD dwError; hCon = CreateFile("COM1", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL); if (hCom == (HANDLE)0xFFFFFFFF) { dwError = GetLastError(); MessageBox(dwError); } |
typedef struct _DCB { // dcb DWORD DCBlength; // sizeof(DCB) DWORD BaudRate; // current baud rate DWORD fBinary: 1; // binary mode, no EOF check DWORD fParity: 1; // enable parity checking DWORD fOutxCtsFlow:1; // CTS output flow control DWORD fOutxDsrFlow:1; // DSR output flow control DWORD fDtrControl:2; // DTR flow control type DWORD fDsrSensitivity:1; // DSR sensitivity DWORD fTXContinueOnXoff:1; // XOFF continues Tx DWORD fOutX: 1; // XON/XOFF out flow control DWORD fInX: 1; // XON/XOFF in flow control DWORD fErrorChar: 1; // enable error replacement DWORD fNull: 1; // enable null stripping DWORD fRtsControl:2; // RTS flow control DWORD fAbortOnError:1; // abort reads/writes on error DWORD fDummy2:17; // reserved WORD wReserved; // not currently used WORD XonLim; // transmit XON threshold WORD XoffLim; // transmit XOFF threshold BYTE ByteSize; // number of bits/byte, 4-8 BYTE Parity; // 0-4=no,odd,even,mark,space BYTE StopBits; // 0,1,2 = 1, 1.5, 2 char XonChar; // Tx and Rx XON character char XoffChar; // Tx and Rx XOFF character char ErrorChar; // error replacement character char EofChar; // end of input character char EvtChar; // received event character WORD wReserved1; // reserved; do not use } DCB; 而SetupComm函数的原型则为: BOOL SetupComm( HANDLE hFile, // handle to communications device DWORD dwInQueue, // size of input buffer DWORD dwOutQueue // size of output buffer ); |
DCB dcb; dcb.BaudRate = 9600; //波特率ؓ9600 dcb.ByteSize = 7; //数据位数??br>dcb.Parity = EVENPARITY; //偶校?br>dcb.StopBits = 2; //两个停止?br>dcb.fBinary = TRUE; dcb.fParity = TRUE; if (!SetCommState(hCom, &dcb)) { MessageBox("串口讄出错!"); } SetupComm(hCom, 1024, 1024); PurgeComm(hCom, PURCE_TXABORT | PURGE_RXABORT | PURGE_TXCLEAR | PURGE_RXCLEAR); |
typedef struct _COMMTIMEOUTS { DWORD ReadIntervalTimeout; //定义两个字符到达的最大时间间隔,单位Q毫U?br> //当读取完一个字W后Q超q了ReadIntervalTimeoutQ仍未读取到下一个字W,׃ //发生时 DWORD ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier; DWORD ReadTotalTimeoutConstant; //其中各时间所满的关pd下: //ReadTotalTimeout = ReadTotalTimeOutMultiplier* BytesToRead + ReadTotalTimeoutConstant DWORD WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier; DWORD WriteTotalTimeoutConstant; } COMMTIMEOUTS, *LPCOMMTIMEOUTS; |
BOOL SetCommTimeouts( HANDLE hFile, // handle to communications device LPCOMMTIMEOUTS lpCommTimeouts // pointer to comm time-out structure ); |
COMMTIMEOUTS to; memset(&to, 0, sizeof(to)); to.ReadIntervalTimeout = 10; SetCommTimeouts(hCom, &to); |
BOOL GetCommTimeouts( HANDLE hFile, // handle of communications device LPCOMMTIMEOUTS lpCommTimeouts // pointer to comm time-out structure ); |
BOOL SetCommMask( HANDLE hFile, //标识通信端口的句?br> DWORD dwEvtMask //能够使能的通信事g ); |
BOOL GetCommMask( HANDLE hFile, //标识通信端口的句?br> LPDWORD lpEvtMask // address of variable to get event mask ); |
BOOL WaitCommEvent( HANDLE hFile, //标识通信端口的句?br> LPDWORD lpEvtMask, // address of variable for event that occurred LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped, // address of overlapped structure ); |
BOOL ReadFile( HANDLE hFile, // handle of file to read LPVOID lpBuffer, // pointer to buffer that receives data DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead, // number of bytes to read LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead, // pointer to number of bytes read LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped // pointer to structure for overlapped I/O ); |
BOOL WriteFile( HANDLE hFile, // handle to file to write to LPCVOID lpBuffer, // pointer to data to write to file DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite, // number of bytes to write LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesWritten, // pointer to number of bytes written LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped // pointer to structure for overlapped I/O ); |
BOOL CloseHandle( HANDLE hObject // handle to object to close ); |
2.例程
在笔者的《深入浅出Win32多线E程序设计之l合实例》中我们已经l出一个利用WIN APIq行串口通信的例子,q里再给Z个类似的例子Q以q一步加q解?br>
![]() 利用WIN APIq行串口通信
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BEGIN EDITTEXT IDC_RECV_EDIT,28,119,256,46,ES_AUTOHSCROLL GROUPBOX "发送数?,IDC_STATIC,19,15,282,70 GROUPBOX "接收数据",IDC_STATIC,19,100,282,80 EDITTEXT IDC_SEND_EDIT,29,33,214,39,ES_AUTOHSCROLL PUSHBUTTON "清除",IDC_CLEAR_BUTTON,248,33,50,14 PUSHBUTTON "发?,IDC_SEND_BUTTON,248,55,50,14 END |
BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CSerialPortAPIDlg, CDialog) //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CSerialPortAPIDlg) ON_WM_SYSCOMMAND() ON_WM_PAINT() ON_WM_QUERYDRAGICON() ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_CLEAR_BUTTON, OnClearButton) ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_SEND_BUTTON, OnSendButton) ON_MESSAGE(COM_RECVDATA, OnRecvData) //}}AFX_MSG_MAP END_MESSAGE_MAP() |
class CSerialPortAPIDlg : public CDialog { // Construction public: CSerialPortAPIDlg(CWnd* pParent = NULL); // standard constructor // Dialog Data //{{AFX_DATA(CSerialPortAPIDlg) enum { IDD = IDD_SERIALPORTAPI_DIALOG }; CString m_recv; //IDC_RECV_EDIT控g对应的变?br> CString m_send; //IDC_SEND_EDIT控g对应的变?br> //}}AFX_DATA // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CSerialPortAPIDlg) protected: virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); // DDX/DDV support //}}AFX_VIRTUAL // Implementation protected: BOOL OpenSerialPort1(); HICON m_hIcon; // Generated message map functions //{{AFX_MSG(CSerialPortAPIDlg) virtual BOOL OnInitDialog(); afx_msg void OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam); afx_msg void OnPaint(); afx_msg HCURSOR OnQueryDragIcon(); afx_msg void OnClearButton(); afx_msg void OnSendButton(); afx_msg void OnRecvData(WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); //}}AFX_MSG DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP() }; CSerialPortAPIDlg::CSerialPortAPIDlg(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/) : CDialog(CSerialPortAPIDlg::IDD, pParent) { //{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CSerialPortAPIDlg) //在构造函C初始化变?br> m_recv = _T(""); //在构造函C初始化变?br> m_send = _T(""); //}}AFX_DATA_INIT // Note that LoadIcon does not require a subsequent DestroyIcon in Win32 m_hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME); } //建立~辑框控件和变量之间的映?br>void CSerialPortAPIDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX) { CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX); //{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CSerialPortAPIDlg) DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_RECV_EDIT, m_recv); DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_SEND_EDIT, m_send); //}}AFX_DATA_MAP } |
BOOL CSerialPortAPIDlg::OnInitDialog() { CDialog::OnInitDialog(); // Add "About..." menu item to system menu. // IDM_ABOUTBOX must be in the system command range. ASSERT((IDM_ABOUTBOX & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX); ASSERT(IDM_ABOUTBOX < 0xF000); CMenu* pSysMenu = GetSystemMenu(FALSE); if (pSysMenu != NULL) { CString strAboutMenu; strAboutMenu.LoadString(IDS_ABOUTBOX); if (!strAboutMenu.IsEmpty()) { pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_SEPARATOR); pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_STRING, IDM_ABOUTBOX, strAboutMenu); } } // Set the icon for this dialog. The framework does this automatically // when the application's main window is not a dialog SetIcon(m_hIcon, TRUE); // Set big icon SetIcon(m_hIcon, FALSE); // Set small icon // TODO: Add extra initialization here //启动串口监视U程 DWORD threadID; hCommThread = ::CreateThread((LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES)NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)SerialPort1ThreadProcess, AfxGetMainWnd()->m_hWnd, 0, &threadID); if (hCommThread == NULL) { ::AfxMessageBox("创徏串口1处理U程p|"); ::PostQuitMessage(0); } return TRUE; // return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control } //"清除"按钮函数 void CSerialPortAPIDlg::OnClearButton() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here m_send = ""; UpdateData(false); } //发送数据函敎ͼ"发?按钮函数Q?br>void CSerialPortAPIDlg::OnSendButton() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here UpdateData(true); DWORD wCount = 0; WriteFile(hCom, m_send, m_send.GetLength(), &wCount, NULL);//发送数?br>} //接收数据后(通过监听U程发来的用戯定义消息Q显C?br>void CSerialPortAPIDlg::OnRecvData(WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { CString recvStr((char *)wParam); m_recv += recvStr; UpdateData(false); } |
#ifndef _SERIAL_PORT_CONTROL_H #define _SERIAL_PORT_CONTROL_H #define COM_RECVDATA WM_USER+1000//自定义消?br> extern HANDLE hCom; //全局变量Q串口句?br>extern HANDLE hCommThread; //全局变量Q串口线E?br>//串口监视U程控制函数 extern DWORD WINAPI SerialPort1ThreadProcess(HWND hWnd); //打开q设|PC串口1(COM1) extern BOOL OpenSerialPort1(); #endif SerialPortControl.cpp文g #include "StdAfx.h" #include "SerialPortControl.h" HANDLE hCom; //全局变量Q串口句?br>HANDLE hCommThread; //全局变量Q串口线E?br> BOOL OpenSerialPort1() { //打开q设|COM1 hCom=CreateFile("COM1", GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, 0,NULL , OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL); if (hCom==(HANDLE)-1) { AfxMessageBox("打开COM1p|"); return false; } else { DCB wdcb; GetCommState (hCom, &wdcb); wdcb.BaudRate=9600;//波特率:9600Q其他:不变 SetCommState (hCom, &wdcb); PurgeComm(hCom, PURGE_TXCLEAR); } return true; } //以一个线E不同监控串口行接收的数?br>DWORD WINAPI SerialPort1ThreadProcess( HWND hWnd//ȝ口句? { char str[101]; DWORD wCount; //d的字节数 while(1) { ReadFile(hCom,str, 100, &wCount, NULL); if(wCount > 0) //收到数据 { str[wCount] = '\0'; ::PostMessage(hWnd, COM_RECVDATA, (unsigned int) str, wCount); //发送消息给对话框主H口Q以q行接收内容的显C?br> } } return TRUE; } |
昄本程序工作正,发送和接收字符准确无误