锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>亚洲欧美日本精品,亚洲视频网在线直播,国产精品亚洲激情http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/category/436.html鍕囧線鐩村墠錛屼笓娉ㄤ簬鎶鏈?..zh-cnThu, 22 May 2008 05:22:51 GMTThu, 22 May 2008 05:22:51 GMT60璁$畻鏈哄浘褰㈠---DDA綆楁硶http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/13404.htmlTanZekTanZekFri, 06 Oct 2006 22:42:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/13404.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/13404.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/13404.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/commentRss/13404.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/services/trackbacks/13404.htmlDDA鐩寸嚎鐨勭敓鎴愮畻娉曪細
[鍒濈駭鐗圿
聽1 POINT聽A = { 100 , 100 } ,聽B = { 200 , 200 } ;
聽2 void 聽dda_line(HDC & 聽hdc)
聽3 {
聽4 聽聽聽聽聽 double 聽length;
聽5 聽聽聽聽聽 double 聽dx,dy;
聽6 聽聽聽聽聽 double 聽x,y;
聽7 聽聽聽聽聽 char 聽a[ 20 ];
聽8
聽9 聽聽聽聽聽 if (abs(B.x - A.x)聽 >= 聽abs(B.y - A.y))
10 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽length = abs(B.x - A.x);
11 聽聽聽聽聽 else
12 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽length = abs(B.y - A.y);
13 聽聽聽聽聽
14 聽聽聽聽聽dx = ((B.x - A.x) / length);
15 聽聽聽聽聽dy = ((B.y - A.y) / length);
16
17 聽聽聽聽聽x = A.x + 0.5 ;
18 聽聽聽聽聽y = A.y + 0.5 ;
19 聽聽聽聽聽sprintf(a, " A(%d,%d) " , int (x), int (y));
20 聽聽聽聽聽TextOut(hdc, int (x), int (y),a, 10 );
21 聽聽聽聽聽 int 聽i = 1 ;
22 聽聽聽聽聽 while (i聽 <= 聽length)
23 聽聽聽聽聽 {
24 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽SetPixel(hdc, int (x), int (y),RGB( 0 , 0 , 0 ));
25 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽x = x + dx;
26 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽y = y + dy;
27 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽i ++ ;
28 聽聽聽聽聽}

29 聽聽聽聽sprintf(a, " B(%d,%d) " , int (x), int (y));
30 聽聽聽聽TextOut(hdc, int (x), int (y),a, 10 );
31 聽聽聽聽 return ;
32 }

33

鐪嬩功涓婂嚭鏉ョ殑涓孌礑DA綆楁硶銆傚疄璺靛嚭鏉ヤ簡錛屾嬁涓婃潵璁板繂~~
[淇敼鐗圿
聽1 void 聽dda_line(HDC & 聽hdc,聽POINT聽A,聽POINT聽B,聽 int 聽color)
聽2 {
聽3 聽聽聽聽聽 double 聽length;
聽4 聽聽聽聽聽 double 聽dx,dy;
聽5 聽聽聽聽聽 double 聽x,y;
聽6 聽聽聽聽聽 if (abs(B.x - A.x)聽 >= 聽abs(B.y - A.y))
聽7 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽length = abs(B.x - A.x);
聽8 聽聽聽聽聽 else
聽9 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽length = abs(B.y - A.y);
10 聽聽聽聽
11 聽聽聽聽聽dx = ((B.x - A.x) / length);
12 聽聽聽聽聽dy = ((B.y - A.y) / length);
13
14 聽聽聽聽聽x = A.x + 0.5 ;
15 聽聽聽聽聽y = A.y + 0.5 ;
16 聽聽聽聽聽 int 聽i = 1 ;
17 聽聽聽聽聽 while (i聽 <= 聽length)
18 聽聽聽聽聽 {
19 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽SetPixel(hdc, int (x), int (y),聽color);
20 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽x = x + dx;
21 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽y = y + dy;
22 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽i ++ ;
23 聽聽聽聽聽}

24 聽聽聽聽 return ;
25 }

26

涓轟嬌綆楁硶鏇撮傜敤浜庡悇縐嶇紪紼嬫柟娉曪紝鍔犲叆A鍜孊鐨勭偣鍙傛暟錛屾洿鍔犲叆棰滆壊鍊糲olor銆傚湪鎴戠殑瀹為檯搴旂敤涓紝color琚敤鏉ユ竻闄や笂涓鏉$敾綰跨粨鏋滅殑銆?

TanZek 2006-10-07 06:42 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
璁$畻鏈哄浘褰㈠---Bresenham鐢葷嚎綆楁硶http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/13403.htmlTanZekTanZekFri, 06 Oct 2006 22:40:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/13403.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/13403.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/13403.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/commentRss/13403.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/services/trackbacks/13403.htmlBresenham鐢葷嚎綆楁硶銆?br />[鍒濈駭鐗圿

聽1 void 聽Bresenham_line(HDC & 聽hdc)
聽2 {
聽3 聽聽聽聽聽 char 聽a[ 20 ];
聽4 聽聽聽聽聽 double 聽dx,dy;
聽5 聽聽聽聽聽dx = abs(B.x - A.x);聽dy = abs(B.y - A.y);
聽6 聽聽聽聽聽 int 聽tx = (B.x - A.x) >= 0 ? 1 :聽 - 1 ;
聽7 聽聽聽聽聽 int 聽ty = (B.y - A.y) >= 0 ? 1 :聽 - 1 ;
聽8 聽聽聽聽聽 int 聽tag = 0 ;
聽9 聽聽聽聽聽 if (dx聽 < 聽dy)
10 聽聽聽聽聽 {
11 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽tag = 1 ;
12 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 double 聽temp = A.x;聽 // x1,y1浜掓崲
13 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽A.x = A.y;
14 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽A.y = temp;
15 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽temp = B.x;聽 // x2,y2浜掓崲
16 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽B.x = B.y;
17 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽B.y = temp;
18 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽temp = dx;聽 // dx,dy浜掓崲
19 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽dx = dy;
20 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽dy = temp;
21 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽temp = tx;聽 // tx,ty浜掓崲
22 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽tx = ty;
23 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽ty = temp;
24 聽聽聽聽聽}

25 聽聽聽聽聽 int 聽curx = A.x;
26 聽聽聽聽聽 int 聽cury = A.y;
27 聽聽聽聽聽 if (tag)
28 聽聽聽聽聽 {
29 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽SetPixel(hdc,cury, 600 - curx,RGB( 0 , 0 , 0 ));
30 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽sprintf(a, " A(%d,%d) " ,cury,curx);
31 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽TextOut(hdc,cury, 600 - curx,a,strlen(a));
32 聽聽聽聽聽}

33 聽聽聽聽聽 else
34 聽聽聽聽聽 {
35 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽SetPixel(hdc,curx, 600 - cury,RGB( 0 , 0 , 0 ));
36 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽sprintf(a, " A(%d,%d) " ,curx,cury);
37 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽TextOut(hdc,curx, 600 - cury,a,strlen(a));
38 聽聽聽聽聽}

39 聽聽聽聽聽 double 聽d = 2 * dy - dx;
40 聽聽聽聽聽 while (cury <= B.y聽 && 聽curx <= B.x)
41 聽聽聽聽 {
42 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 if (d >= 0 )
43 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 {
44 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽d = d + 2 * (dy - dx);
45 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽cury += ty;
46 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽}

47 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 else
48 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽d = d + 2 * dy;
49 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽curx += tx;
50 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 if (tag)
51 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽SetPixel(hdc,cury, 600 - curx,RGB( 0 , 0 , 0 ));
52 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 else
53 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽SetPixel(hdc,curx, 600 - cury,RGB( 0 , 0 , 0 ));
54 聽聽聽聽}

55 聽聽聽聽 if (tag)
56 聽聽聽聽 {
57 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽SetPixel(hdc,cury, 600 - curx,RGB( 0 , 0 , 0 ));
58 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽sprintf(a, " B(%d,%d) " ,cury,curx);
59 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽TextOut(hdc,cury, 600 - curx,a,strlen(a));
60 聽聽聽聽}

61 聽聽聽聽 else
62 聽聽聽聽 {
63 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽SetPixel(hdc,curx, 600 - cury,RGB( 0 , 0 , 0 ));
64 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽sprintf(a, " B(%d,%d) " ,curx,cury);
65 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽TextOut(hdc,curx, 600 - cury,a,strlen(a));
66 聽聽聽聽}

67 }


TanZek 2006-10-07 06:40 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
鎿嶄綔緋葷粺瀹為獙(Operating System Experiment)http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/7866.htmlTanZekTanZekTue, 30 May 2006 05:46:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/7866.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/7866.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/7866.html#Feedback2http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/commentRss/7866.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/services/trackbacks/7866.htmlFollowing The Source Code:
聽1#include聽<queue>
聽2#include聽<iostream>
聽3#include聽<cstdlib>
聽4
聽5
聽6/*
聽7--------+聽|Ready聽Queue聽1|聽--------+聽to聽CPU
聽8聽聽聽__________________|
聽9聽聽+
10--------+聽|Ready聽Queue聽2|聽--------+聽to聽CPU
11聽聽聽__________________|
12聽聽+
13--------+聽|Ready聽Queue聽3|聽--------+聽to聽CPU
14聽聽聽__________________|
15聽聽+
16---------+聽|Ready聽Queue聽4|聽--------+聽to聽CPU
17聽聽+__________________|
18浠ヤ笂鍔犲彿涓鴻繘紼嬫墽琛屾祦鍚?br />19*/
20
21int聽time[4]={1,2,3,4};聽聽//鍚勪釜闃熷垪鐨勬椂闂寸墖聽
22char*str[4]={"first","second","third","fourth"};
23queue<int>聽Rqueue[4];聽聽聽//鍚勪釜浼樺厛綰ч槦鍒楀畾涔壜?/span>
24
25int聽execu(int聽n)聽聽聽
26//n鏄寚鍝竴涓槦鍒椔?br />27//proc鍋囪涓轟竴涓繘紼嬄?/span>
28{
29聽聽聽聽int聽proc;聽聽聽//浠h〃涓涓繘紼嬄?/span>
30聽聽聽聽while(!Rqueue[n-1].empty())
31聽聽聽聽{
32聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽proc=Rqueue[n-1].front();聽//鍙栭槦棣栬繘紼嬭繘琛岃皟搴β?/span>
33聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽proc聽=聽proc聽-聽time[n-1];聽//鏃墮棿鐗囪疆杞紝鎵ц璋冨害鍚庡緱鍒扮殑榪涚▼聽
34聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽cout<<聽proc聽<<"聽in聽the聽"<<str[n-1]<<"聽queue"<<endl;聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
35聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽if(聽proc聽>=0聽)聽聽聽//鍋囪榪涚▼鏃墮棿鐗囩敤瀹岋紝浣嗚繕娌℃湁鎵ц瀹屄?/span>
36聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽{
37聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽if(n-1<3)Rqueue[n].push(proc);聽//灝嗗叾鍘嬪叆涓嬩竴涓綆浼樺厛綰х殑闃熷垪聽
38聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽else
39聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽Rqueue[n-1].push(proc);聽//濡傛灉鏄渶鍚庝竴涓槦鍒楋紝鍒欏帇鍏ユ湰韜?/span>
40聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽}
41聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽Rqueue[n-1].pop();聽聽聽聽聽聽聽//榪涜涓嬩竴嬈¢槦鍒楄皟搴?/span>
42聽聽聽聽}
43聽聽聽聽return0;聽聽//榪斿洖錛屼唬琛ㄨ闃熷垪鐨勬墍鏈夎繘紼嬪潎宸茶皟搴﹁繃聽
44}
45
46int聽schedule(int&聽proc)聽//鏈鍒濇墽琛屼竴涓▼搴忥紝鍒涘緩涓涓繘紼嬶紝璋冨害綆楁硶寮濮嬄?/span>
47{
48聽聽聽聽Rqueue[0].push(proc);聽聽聽//灝嗚繘紼嬪帇鍏ョ涓涓槦鍒椔?/span>
49聽聽聽聽for(int聽i=1;聽i<=4;聽i++)
50聽聽聽聽execu(i);聽聽聽聽
51聽聽聽聽//褰揺xecu()榪斿洖鏃訛紝鎰忓懗鐫涓婁竴浼樺厛綰ч槦鍒楅噷鐨勮繘紼嬪潎宸茶皟搴﹀畬錛岃繘琛屼笅涓涓槦鍒楃殑璋冨害聽
52}
53
54
55int聽main(int聽argc,聽char*聽argv[])
56{
57/*
58聽聽聽聽for(int聽i=0;聽i<100;聽i++)
59聽聽聽聽{
60聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽int聽n=int(rand())%4;聽聽聽聽
61聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽Rqueue[n].push(int(rand())%3);
62聽聽聽聽}
63*/
64聽聽聽聽int聽proc=15;聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽//鏂拌繘紼?/span>
65聽聽聽聽schedule(proc);聽
66聽聽聽聽system("PAUSE");
67聽聽聽聽return0;
68}
69

浠ヤ笂鍗充負鎴戠殑瀹為獙鎴愭灉錛岀粡緙栬瘧榪愯鍚庯紝璇佹槑鏄紜殑銆?br />濡傛灉涓棿榪樻湁涓嶆紜殑錛岃涓嶅悵鎸囨暀銆?br />璋㈣阿錛?br />

TanZek 2006-05-30 13:46 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
[杞琞銆婃暟鎹簱鍘熺悊銆嬬粌涔犻鍙婄瓟妗?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/7747.html</link><dc:creator>TanZek</dc:creator><author>TanZek</author><pubDate>Sat, 27 May 2006 15:47:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/7747.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/7747.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/7747.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/commentRss/7747.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/services/trackbacks/7747.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[ <p class="main">絎竴閮ㄥ垎錛氶夋嫨棰?<br /> 銆銆 涓銆佸崟欏歸夋嫨棰?<br /> 銆銆 1錛嶥BS鏄噰鐢ㄤ簡鏁版嵁搴撴妧鏈殑璁$畻鏈虹郴緇熴侱BS鏄竴涓泦鍚堜綋錛屽寘鍚暟鎹簱銆佽綆楁満紜歡銆佽蔣浠跺拰 <br /> 銆銆 A.緋葷粺鍒嗘瀽鍛?B.紼嬪簭鍛樸C.鏁版嵁搴撶鐞嗗憳 D.鎿嶄綔鍛?<br /> 銆銆 2錛庢ā鍨嬫槸瀵圭幇瀹炰笘鐣岀殑鎶借薄錛屽湪鏁版嵁搴撴妧鏈腑錛岀敤妯″瀷鐨勬蹇墊弿榪版暟鎹簱鐨勭粨鏋勪笌璇箟錛屽鐜板疄涓栫晫榪涜鎶借薄銆傝〃紺哄疄浣撶被鍨嬪強瀹炰綋闂磋仈緋葷殑妯″瀷縐頒負 <br /> 銆銆 A.鏁版嵁妯″瀷 B.瀹炰綋妯″瀷銆C.閫昏緫妯″瀷 D.鐗╃悊妯″瀷 <br /> 銆銆 3錛庡叧緋繪ā鍨嬫蹇典腑錛屼笉鍚湁澶氫綑灞炴х殑瓚呴敭縐頒負 <br /> 銆銆 A.鍊欓夐敭 B.瀵歸敭銆C.鍐呴敭 D.涓婚敭 <br /> 銆銆 4錛庤R銆丼涓轟袱涓叧緋伙紝R鐨勫厓鏁頒負4錛孲鐨勫厓鏁頒負5錛屽垯涓嶳 <img src="http://51zk.csai.cn/sjkyl/images/lxt1.jpg" height="36" width="52" />S絳変環鐨勬搷浣滄槸 <br /> 銆銆 A錛幭?<6(R脳S) B.蟽3<2(R脳S錛夈C.蟽3>6(R脳S) D.蟽7<2(R脳S) <br /> 銆銆 5錛庡垎甯冨紡鏁版嵁搴撳瓨鍌ㄦ蹇典腑錛屾暟鎹垎閰嶆槸鎸囨暟鎹湪璁$畻鏈虹綉緇滃悇鍦哄湴涓婄殑鍒嗛厤絳栫暐錛屼竴鑸湁鍥涚錛屽垎鍒槸闆嗕腑寮忋佸垎鍓插紡銆佸叏澶嶅埗寮忓拰 <br /> 銆銆 A. 浠繪剰鏂瑰紡 B.娣峰悎寮忋C.闂撮殧鏂瑰紡 D.涓婚鏂瑰紡 <br /> 銆銆 6錛庢暟鎹簱緋葷粺涓紝綾繪槸鎸囧叿鏈夌浉鍚岀殑娑堟伅錛屼嬌鐢ㄧ浉鍚岀殑鏂規硶錛屽叿鏈夌浉鍚岀殑鍙橀噺鍚嶅拰 <br /> 銆銆 A. 鍙橀噺鍊?B. 鐗瑰緛 C. 瀹氫箟 D. 綾誨瀷 <br /> 銆銆 7錛庨殢鐫璁$畻鏈哄簲鐢ㄩ鍩熺殑鎵╁ぇ錛岀涓浠c佺浜屼唬DBS涓嶈兘閫傚簲澶勭悊澶ч噺鐨?<br /> 銆銆 A.鏍煎紡鍖栨暟鎹?B.緗戠粶鏁版嵁 C.闈炴牸寮忔暟鎹?D.嫻烽噺鏁版嵁 <br /><img src="http://51zk.csai.cn/sjkyl/images//lxt2.jpg" height="489" width="484" /><br /> 銆銆 9錛庢暟鎹簱騫跺彂鎺у埗姒傚康涓紝浣跨敤X灝侀攣鐨勮鍒欑О涓?<br /> 銆銆 A.PS鍗忚 B.PX鍗忚銆C.PSC鍗忚 D.涓ゆ灝侀攣鍗忚 <br /> 銆銆 10.鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱鎿嶄綔榪囩▼涓簨鍔″鐞嗘槸涓涓搷浣滃簭鍒楋紝蹇呴』鍏鋒湁浠ヤ笅鎬ц川錛氬師瀛愭с佷竴鑷存с侀殧紱繪у拰 <br /> 銆銆 A.鍏變韓鎬?B.緇ф壙鎬?C.鎸佷箙鎬?D.灝佽鎬?<br /> 銆銆 11錛庨潰鍚戝鍍忔ā鍨嬫蹇典腑錛岀被鍙互鏈夊祵濂楃粨鏋勩傜郴緇熶腑鎵鏈夌殑綾葷粍鎴愪竴涓湁鏍圭殑 <br /> 銆銆 A.鏈夊悜鏃犵幆鍥?B.鏈夊悜鏈夌幆鍥俱C.鏃犲悜鏈夌幆鍥?D.鏃犲悜鏃犵幆鍥?<br /> 銆銆 12錛庡湪鏁欏綆$悊緋葷粺涓紝鏈夋暀甯堝叧緋籘錛圱錛冿紝NAME錛夛紝瀛︾敓鍏崇郴S錛圫錛冿紝NAME錛夛紝瀛︾敓鎴愮嘩鍏崇郴S(S錛冿紝NU)銆傚叾涓璗錛冭〃紺烘暀甯堝伐鍙鳳紝S錛冭〃紺哄鐢熷鍙鳳紝鍒橳鍜孨瀛樺湪鑱旂郴涓?<br /> 銆銆 A. 1錛? B. 1錛歂銆C. M錛歂 D. 鏃犺仈緋?<br /> 銆銆 13錛庝竴涓暟鎹簱涓鑸笉鏄敱鐙珛鐨勫璞$粍鎴愮殑錛屽璞$殑鑱氶泦褰㈠紡鐨勬暟瀛︽剰涔夋槸 <br /> 銆銆 A. 絎涘崱灝旂Н B. 閫夋嫨銆C. 鎶曞獎 D. 鑱旀帴 <br /> 銆銆 14錛庡璞℃爣璇嗘槸鎸囬拡涓綰х殑姒傚康鏄竴涓己鏈夊姏鐨勬暟鎹搷綰靛師璇█錛屾槸闆嗗悎銆佸厓緇勫拰閫掑綊絳夊鍚堝璞℃搷綰電殑鍩虹錛屾爣璇嗘槸 <br /> 銆銆 A.浠繪剰鐨?B. 鍙互鏀瑰彉鐨?C.涓嶅敮涓鐨?D.涓嶈兘鏀瑰彉鐨?<br /> 銆銆 15錛庢暟鎹簱緋葷粺涓櫎浜嗗彲鐢ㄥ眰嬈℃ā鍨嬪拰鍏崇郴妯″瀷琛ㄧず瀹炰綋綾誨瀷鍙婂疄浣撻棿鑱旂郴鐨勬暟鎹ā鍨嬩互澶栵紝榪樻湁 <br /> 銆銆 A. E-R 妯″瀷 B. 淇℃伅妯″瀷 C.緗戠粶妯″瀷 D.鐗╃悊妯″瀷 </p> <p class="main">銆銆絎簩閮ㄥ垎錛氶潪閫夋嫨棰?<br /> 銆銆 浜屻佸~絀洪 <br /> 銆銆 16. 鏁版嵁搴撶郴緇熶腑錛屽瓨鏀?___________ 鐨勬暟鎹簱錛岀О涓烘暟鎹瓧鍏革紙DD錛夈?<br /> 銆銆 17錛庡叧緋繪紨綆楀彲鍒嗕負鍏冪粍鍏崇郴婕旂畻鍜屽煙鍏崇郴婕旂畻錛岃屽湪鍏冪粍婕旂畻涓紝鍏冪粍鍏崇郴婕旂畻琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑涓鑸艦寮忎負_______________銆?<br /> 銆銆 18錛嶥B鏄笌涓涓壒瀹氱粍緇囧悇欏瑰簲鐢ㄦ湁鍏崇殑鍏ㄩ儴鏁版嵁鐨勯泦鍚堬紝閫氬父鐢變袱澶ч儴鍒嗙粍鎴愶細涓閮ㄥ垎鏄簲鐢ㄦ暟鎹殑闆嗗悎錛岀О涓篲_____________ 錛屽畠鏄暟鎹簱鐨勪富棰橈紱鍙︿竴閮ㄥ垎鏄叧浜庡悇綰ф暟鎹粨鏋勭殑鎻忚堪錛岀О涓烘弿榪版暟鎹簱錛岀敱DD緋葷粺綆$悊銆?<br /> 銆銆 19錛庡湪鍏崇郴妯″瀷涓紝鍏崇郴涓瘡涓涓睘鎬у奸兘鏄痏___________銆?<br /> 銆銆 20錛嶴QL-SELECT璇彞瀹屾暣鐨勫彞娉曚腑錛孎ROM瀛愬彞鏄己鍒舵х殑錛孎ROM瀛愬彞鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸_________銆?<br /> 銆銆 21錛庤鍏崇郴妯″紡R鏄涓鑼冨紡錛屼笖姣忎釜灞炴ч兘涓嶄紶閫掍緷璧栦簬R鐨勫欓夐敭錛屽垯縐癛鏄痏______ 鐨勬ā寮忋?<br /> 銆銆 22錛庢暟鎹簱璁捐榪囩▼涓紝甯稿父浠庝竴浜涘彲閫夋柟妗堜腑閫夊彇涓縐嶆暟鎹簱緇撴瀯錛岄渶瑕佹湁閫夋嫨鐨勫師鍒欙紝縐頒負璇勪環鍑嗗垯錛岃瘎浠峰噯鍒欏彲鍒嗘垚 __________ 涓ょ被銆?<br /> 銆銆 23錛庡垎甯冨紡鏁版嵁綆$悊緋葷粺鏄垎甯冨紡鏁版嵁搴撶郴緇熶腑鐨刜______ 璐熻矗綆$悊鍒嗗竷鐜涓嬶紝閫昏緫闆嗘垚鏁版嵁鐨勫瓨鍙栵紝涓鑷存с佹湁鏁堟у拰瀹屽鎬с?<br /> 銆銆 24錛庡璞″叧緋繪暟鎹簱姒傚康涓戶鎵挎у彲浠ュ彂鐢熷湪綾誨瀷涓綰ф垨 ______________ 涓綰с?<br /><br /> 銆銆 25錛庡鎴鳳紡鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ綋緋葷粨鏋勭殑鍏抽敭鍦ㄤ簬 ___________ 鐨勫垎甯冿紝鑳藉噺灝戣綆楁満緋葷粺鐨勫悇縐嶇摱棰堥棶棰樸?<br /> 銆銆 涓夈佺畝絳旈 <br /> 銆銆 26錛庝粈涔堟槸澶氬間緷璧栦腑鐨勬暟鎹緷璧栵紵涓句緥璇存槑銆?<br /> 銆銆 27錛庢暟鎹簱緋葷粺鐢熷瓨鏈熸槸浠涔堬紵 <br /> 銆銆 28錛庝負浠涔堣闇姹傚垎鏋愭槸鏁版嵁搴撶郴緇熷紑鍙戜腑鏈鍥伴毦鐨勪換鍔′箣涓錛?<br /> 銆銆 29錛庣畝榪癘RDBS鐨勪腑鏂囧惈涔夈?<br /> 銆銆 30錛庢暟鎹簱鐨勪笁綰фā寮忓拰涓ょ駭鏄犺薄浣撶郴緇撴瀯涓紝妯″紡錛忓唴妯″紡鏄犺薄瀛樺湪浜庢蹇電駭鍜屽唴閮ㄧ駭涔嬮棿錛岀敤浜庡畾涔夋蹇墊ā寮忓拰鍐呮ā寮忛棿鐨勫搴旀с傚叾涓昏浣滅敤鏄粈涔堬紵 <br /> 銆銆 31錛庣畝榪伴昏緫鏁版嵁鐨勭嫭绔嬫с?<br /> 銆銆 32錛庢暟鎹簱鏄竴涓叡浜祫婧愶紝鍦ㄥ鐢ㄦ埛鍏變韓緋葷粺涓紝騫跺彂鎿嶄綔鐨勫惈涔夋槸浠涔堬紵 <br /> 銆銆 33錛庢病鏈夊叧緋籖鍜孲濡備笅錛屽啓鍑篟梅S璁$畻緇撴灉銆?<br /><img src="http://51zk.csai.cn/sjkyl/images/lxt3.jpg" height="170" width="355" /></p> <p> <span id="hvzpftn" class="main">34錛庤鏈夋弿榪板鏍℃儏鍐電殑U鍏崇郴銆?<br /> 銆銆 U錛圫錛冿紝SD錛孧N錛孋N錛孏錛?<br /> 銆銆 鍏朵腑錛歋錛冨睘鎬ц〃紺哄鐢熷鍙鳳紝SD琛ㄧず瀛︾敓鎵鍦ㄧ郴鍚嶏紝MN琛ㄧず緋諱富浠伙紝CN琛ㄧず璇劇▼鍚嶏紝G琛ㄧず鎴愮嘩銆備竴涓郴鏈夎嫢騫插悕瀛︾敓錛屼竴涓鐢熷彧灞炰簬涓涓郴錛屼竴涓郴鍙? 鏈変竴鍚嶇郴涓諱換錛屼竴涓鐢熷彲閫夊闂ㄨ錛屾瘡涓鐢熼夋瘡闂ㄨ鏈変竴涓垚緇┿傝瘯鍐欏嚭U鍏崇郴涓殑鍑芥暟渚濊禆錛屽茍緇欐瘡涓嚱鏁頒緷璧栦竴涓畝鐭鏄庛?<br /> 銆銆 35錛庝粈涔堟槸鏁版嵁搴撶殑騫跺彂鎺у埗錛?<br /><br /> 銆銆 鍥涖佽璁¢ <br /> 銆銆 36錛庤鏁版嵁搴撲腑鏈夊熀鏈〃錛?<br /> 銆銆 鏁欏笀錛堝伐鍙鳳紝濮撳悕錛屾у埆錛岃亴縐幫紝宸ラ緞錛屽熀鏈伐璧勶紝琛ヨ創錛?<br /> 銆銆 璇風敤SQL璇彞鍐欏嚭宸ラ緞鍦?0騫翠互涓婏紙鍖呮嫭20騫達級鍩烘湰宸ヨ祫浣庝簬1500鍏冪殑鏁欏笀鐨勬墍鏈変俊鎭?<br /> 銆銆 37錛庡湪鏁欏綆$悊緋葷粺涓紝鍚湁浜屼釜鍏崇郴錛?<br /> 銆銆 瀛︾敓錛堝鍙鳳紝濮撳悕錛屾у埆錛屽嚭鐢熸棩鏈燂紝緋誨悕錛?<br /> 銆銆 鎴愮嘩錛堝鍙鳳紝璇劇▼鍚嶏紝鎴愮嘩錛?<br /> 銆銆 鑻ユ煡璇㈡瘡涓鐢熺殑閫変慨璇劇▼鏁般佹繪垚緇┿佸鉤鍧囨垚緇╋紝鍐欏嚭瀹炵幇涓婅堪瑕佹眰鐨凷QL璇彞銆?<br /> 銆銆 38. 鍩轟簬鏁版嵁搴撲腑鐨勬垚緇╄〃錛?<br /> 銆銆 鎴愮嘩錛堝鍙鳳紝璇劇▼鍚嶏紝鎴愮嘩錛?<br /> 銆銆 鐢⊿QL璇彞鍐欏嚭寰鎴愮嘩琛ㄤ腑鎻掑叆涓涓厓緇勶紙20010101錛岀鐞嗕俊鎭郴緇燂紝80錛?<br /> 銆銆 39錛庡熀浜庢暟鎹簱涓殑瀛︾敓琛ㄣ佹垚緇╄〃銆佷換璇捐〃錛?<br /> 銆銆 瀛︾敓錛堝鍙鳳紝濮撳悕錛屾у埆錛屽嚭鐢熸棩鏈燂紝緋誨悕錛?<br /> 銆銆 鎴愮嘩錛堝鍙鳳紝璇劇▼鍚嶏紝鎴愮嘩錛?<br /> 銆銆 浠昏錛堣紼嬪悕錛屼換璇炬暀甯堝悕錛?<br /> 銆銆 鐢⊿QL璇█涓殑CREATE璇彞鍒涘緩涓涓惈鏈夊鍙楓佸鍚嶃佹у埆銆佺郴鍚嶃佽紼嬪悕銆佹垚緇┿佷換璇炬暀甯堝悕鐨勫鐢熸垚緇╄鍥俱?<br /> 銆銆 40錛庡熀浜庢暟鎹簱涓殑鎴愮嘩琛細 <br /> 銆銆 鎴愮嘩錛堝鍙鳳紝璇劇▼鍚嶏紝鎴愮嘩錛?<br /> 銆銆 鐢⊿QL璇彞鍐欏嚭鍙変慨涓闂ㄧ殑瀛︾敓鐨勫鍙楓佽紼嬪悕銆佹垚緇┿?<br /> 銆銆 浜斻佺患鍚堥 <br /><br /> 銆銆 41錛庝笅闈㈡槸鍖婚櫌緇勭粐鐨勭粨鏋勫浘 <br /> 銆銆 瑕佹眰瀹屾垚浠ヤ笅宸ヤ綔錛?<br /> 銆銆 錛?錛夌敾鍑哄尰闄㈢粍緇囩殑E-R鍥撅紱 <br /> 銆銆 錛?錛夋煡璇㈡墍鏈夊縐戠梾鍖哄拰鍐呯鐥呭尯鐨勬墍鏈夊尰鐢熷鍚嶏紱 <br /> 銆銆 錛?錛夋煡璇㈠唴縐戠梾鍖烘偅鑳冪梾鐨勭梾浜虹殑濮撳悕銆?<br /><img src="http://51zk.csai.cn/sjkyl/images/lxt4.jpg" height="95" width="576" /><br /><strong><br /></strong></span> </p> <p class="main" align="left">聽Traceback: http://51zk.csai.cn/sjkyl/NO00001.htm<br /></p> <img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/aggbug/7747.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/" target="_blank">TanZek</a> 2006-05-27 23:47 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/7747.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>[杞琞鏁版嵁搴撳涔犵瑪璁?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/7721.html</link><dc:creator>TanZek</dc:creator><author>TanZek</author><pubDate>Sat, 27 May 2006 02:22:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/7721.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/7721.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/7721.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/commentRss/7721.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/services/trackbacks/7721.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[Trackback: http://51zk.csai.cn/sjkyl<br /><br /><p class="鏍峰紡1" align="center">絎竴绔?鏁版嵁搴撴璁?</p><p></p><p class="main">銆銆鏈珷灞炰簬鍩虹鐭ヨ瘑錛屼富瑕佹槸瀵逛竴浜涙蹇電殑鐞嗚В鍜岃蹇嗐傛病鏈夐毦鐐癸紝鐩稿鐨勯噸鐐瑰湪浜嶦R妯″瀷鐨勮璁″拰鍏崇郴妯″瀷鐨勬帉鎻°?</p><p class="main"><strong>涓銆佹暟鎹鐞嗘妧鏈殑鍙戝睍闃舵( 璇嗚 ) </strong></p><p class="main">鏁版嵁綆$悊鎶鏈叡緇忓巻浜嗕笁涓樁孌碉細 浜哄伐綆$悊闃舵 銆?鏂囦歡緋葷粺闃舵 銆?鏁版嵁搴撻樁孌?錛?</p><p class="main">1銆佷漢宸ョ鐞嗛樁孌電殑鐗圭偣錛?</p><p class="main">銆銆<span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(1)鏁版嵁涓嶄繚瀛樺湪鏈哄櫒涓? </span></p><p class="main">銆銆<span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(2)娌℃湁涓撶敤杞歡瀵規暟鎹繘琛岀鐞? </span></p><p class="main">銆銆(3)鍙湁紼嬪簭鐨勬蹇碉紝娌℃湁鏂囦歡鐨勬蹇點?</p><p class="main">2銆佹枃浠剁郴緇熼樁孌電殑鐗圭偣涓庣己闄鳳細</p><p class="main">銆銆<span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(1)鏁版嵁鍙暱鏈熶繚瀛樺湪紓佺洏涓娿? </span> 銆銆</p><p class="main">銆銆<span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(2)鏁版嵁鐨勯昏緫緇撴瀯涓庣墿鐞嗙粨鏋勬湁浜嗗尯鍒? </span></p><p class="main">銆銆<span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(3)鏂囦歡緇勭粐鍛堢幇澶氭牱鍖? </span></p><p class="main">銆銆(4)鏁版嵁涓嶅啀灞炰簬鏌愪釜鐗瑰畾紼嬪簭錛屽彲浠ラ噸澶嶄嬌鐢ㄣ?</p><p class="main">鍏剁己闄鋒槸錛?</p><p class="main">銆銆<span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鏁版嵁鍐椾綑鎬? </span></p><p class="main">銆銆<span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鏁版嵁涓嶄竴鑷存? </span></p><p class="main">銆銆鏁版嵁鑱旂郴寮?</p><p class="main">3銆佹暟鎹簱闃舵鐨勭壒鐐?</p><p class="main">銆銆<span id="hvzpftn" class="main">閲囩敤澶嶆潅鐨勬暟鎹ā鍨嬭〃紺烘暟鎹粨鏋? </span></p><p class="main">銆銆<span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鏈夎緝楂樼殑鏁版嵁鐙珛鎬?鏁版嵁緇撴瀯鍒嗘垚鐢ㄦ埛鐨勯昏緫緇撴瀯銆佹暣浣撻昏緫緇撴瀯鍜岀墿鐞嗙粨鏋勪笁綰? </span></p><p class="main">銆銆<span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鏁版嵁搴撶郴緇熶負鐢ㄦ埛鎻愪緵鏂逛究鐨勭敤鎴鋒帴鍙o紝鍙互浣跨敤鏌ヨ璇█銆佺粓绔懡浠ゆ垨紼嬪簭鏂瑰紡鎿嶄綔鏁版嵁搴撱? </span></p><p class="main">銆銆<span id="hvzpftn" class="main">緋葷粺鎻愪緵浜嗗洓涓柟闈㈢殑鏁版嵁鎺у埗鍔熻兘錛氭暟鎹簱鐨勬仮澶嶃佸茍鍙戞帶鍒躲佹暟鎹畬鏁存у拰鏁版嵁瀹夊叏鎬с? </span></p><p class="main">銆銆瀵規暟鎹殑鎿嶄綔涓嶄竴瀹氫互璁板綍涓哄崟浣嶏紝榪樺彲浠ユ暟鎹」涓哄崟浣嶃?</p><p class="main">鏁版嵁搴撴妧鏈腑鐨勫洓涓悕璇?DB銆丏BMS銆丏BS銆佹暟鎹簱鎶鏈傚叾姒傚康鏄笉鍚岀殑錛岃鍒嗘竻銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>銆銆DB </strong>錛氭暟鎹簱錛圖atabase),DB鏄粺涓綆$悊鐨勭浉鍏蟲暟鎹殑闆嗗悎銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>銆銆DBMS </strong>錛? 鏁版嵁搴撶鐞嗙郴緇燂紙Database Management System)錛孌BMS鏄綅浜庣敤鎴蜂笌鎿嶄綔緋葷粺涔嬮棿鐨勪竴灞傛暟鎹鐞嗚蔣浠訛紝涓虹敤鎴鋒垨搴旂敤紼嬪簭鎻愪緵璁塊棶DB鐨勬柟娉曪紝鍖呮嫭DB鐨勫緩绔嬨佹煡璇€佹洿鏂板強鍚勭鏁版嵁鎺? 鍒躲侱BMS鎬繪槸鍩轟簬鏌愮鏁版嵁妯″瀷錛屽彲浠ュ垎涓哄眰嬈″瀷銆佺綉鐘跺瀷銆佸叧緋誨瀷銆侀潰鍚戝璞″瀷DBMS銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>銆銆DBS </strong>錛氭暟鎹簱緋葷粺錛圖atabase System),DBS鏄疄鐜版湁緇勭粐鍦般佸姩鎬佸湴瀛樺偍澶ч噺鍏寵仈鏁版嵁錛屾柟渚垮鐢ㄦ埛璁塊棶鐨勮綆楁満杞歡銆佺‖浠跺拰鏁版嵁璧勬簮緇勬垚鐨勭郴緇燂紝鍗抽噰鐢ㄤ簡鏁版嵁搴撴妧鏈殑璁$畻鏈虹郴緇熴?</p><p class="main"><strong>鏁版嵁搴撴妧鏈?</strong>錛氭槸涓闂ㄧ爺絀舵暟鎹簱緇撴瀯銆佸瓨鍌ㄣ佺鐞嗗拰浣跨敤鐨勮蔣浠跺縐戙?</p><p class="main"><strong>浜屻佹暟鎹弿榪扮殑鏈( 棰嗕細 ) </strong></p><p class="main">1銆佹暟鎹弿榪扮殑涓変釜棰嗗煙錛氱幇瀹炰笘鐣屻佷俊鎭笘鐣屽拰鏈哄櫒涓栫晫銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆淇℃伅涓栫晫涓殑鍑犱釜姒傚康錛?瀹炰綋 (鍗沖瑙傚瓨鍦ㄥ彲浠ョ浉浜掑尯鍒殑浜嬬墿)銆?瀹炰綋闆?(鍚岀被瀹炰綋鐨勯泦鍚?銆佸睘鎬?瀹炰綋鐨勭壒鎬?銆?瀹炰綋鏍囪瘑絎?(鍞竴鏍囪瘑瀹炰綋鐨勫睘鎬?闆?)銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆鏈哄櫒涓栫晫涓殑鍥涗釜姒傚康錛?瀛楁銆佽褰曘佹枃浠躲侀敭 (鍏抽敭鐮?銆?</p><p class="main">2銆佹暟鎹弿榪扮殑涓ょ褰㈠紡錛?鐗╃悊鎻忚堪 鍜?閫昏緫鎻忚堪 銆傚墠鑰呮槸鎸囨暟鎹湪瀛樺偍璁懼涓婄殑瀛樺彇鏂瑰紡錛屽悗鑰呮槸鎸囩▼搴忓憳鎴栫敤鎴蜂互鐢ㄤ互鎿嶄綔鐨勬暟鎹艦寮忋?</p><p class="main">3銆佺墿鐞嗘弿榪扮敤鍒扮殑鏈鏈夛細浣嶃佸瓧鑺傘佸瓧銆佸潡銆佹《銆佸嵎 </p><p class="main">4銆佹暟鎹仈緋葷殑鎻忚堪錛?</p><p class="main">銆銆<strong>1錛?鑱旂郴 </strong>錛氬鏋滃疄浣撻泦E1涓殑姣忎釜瀹炰綋鏈澶氬彧鑳藉拰瀹炰綋闆咵2涓殑涓涓疄浣撴湁鑱旂郴錛屽弽涔嬩害鐒訛紝濂戒箞瀹炰綋闆咵1瀵笶2鐨勮仈緋葷О涓衡滀竴瀵逛竴鑱旂郴鈥濓紝璁頒負鈥?錛?鈥濄?</p><p class="main">銆銆<strong>1錛歂鑱旂郴 </strong>錛氬鏋滃疄浣撻泦E1涓瘡涓疄浣撲笌瀹炰綋闆咵2涓換鎰忎釜錛堥浂涓垨澶氫釜錛夊疄浣撴湁鑱旂郴錛岃孍2涓瘡涓疄浣撹嚦澶氬拰E1涓殑涓涓疄浣撴湁鑱旂郴錛岄偅涔圗1瀵笶2鐨勮仈緋繪槸鈥滀竴瀵瑰鑱旂郴鈥濓紝璁頒負鈥?錛歂鈥濄?</p><p class="main"><strong>銆銆M錛歂鑱旂郴 </strong>錛氬鏋滃疄浣撻泦E1涓瘡涓疄浣撲笌瀹炰綋闆咵2涓換鎰忎釜錛堥浂涓垨澶氫釜錛夊疄浣撴湁鑱旂郴錛屽弽涔嬩害鐒訛紝閭d箞E1瀵笶2鐨勮仈緋繪槸鈥滃瀵瑰鑱旂郴鈥濓紝璁頒負鈥淢錛歂鈥濄?</p><p class="main"><strong>涓夈佹暟鎹ā鍨?</strong></p><p class="main">1銆?<strong>鏁版嵁妯″瀷 </strong>鐨勬蹇? 棰嗕細 )錛?</p><p class="main">銆銆琛ㄧず瀹炰綋綾誨瀷鍙婂疄浣撶被鍨嬮棿鑱旂郴鐨勬ā鍨嬬О涓衡滄暟鎹ā鍨嬧濄傚畠鍙垎涓轟袱縐嶇被鍨嬶細 姒傚康鏁版嵁妯″瀷 鍜?緇撴瀯鏁版嵁妯″瀷 銆?</p><p class="main">2銆?<strong>姒傚康鏁版嵁妯″瀷( </strong>綆鍗曞簲鐢?) 錛?</p><p class="main">銆銆瀹冩槸鐙珛浜庤綆楁満緋葷粺鐨勬ā鍨嬶紝瀹屽叏涓嶆秹鍙婁俊鎭湪緋葷粺涓殑琛ㄧず錛屽彧鏄敤鏉ユ弿榪版煇涓壒瀹氱粍緇囨墍鍏沖績鐨勪俊鎭粨鏋勩?<em>( 搴斿綋鎺屾彙鏁欐潗渚?.1錛岃璁$畝鍗曠殑ER妯″瀷 ) </em></p><p class="main">3銆?<strong>緇撴瀯鏁版嵁妯″瀷 </strong>錛?/p><p class="main">銆銆瀹冩槸鐩存帴闈㈠悜鏁版嵁搴撶殑閫昏緫緇撴瀯錛屾槸鐜板疄涓栫晫鐨勭浜屽眰鎶借薄銆傝繖綾繪ā鍨嬫秹鍙婂埌璁$畻鏈虹郴緇熷拰鏁版嵁搴撶鐞嗙郴緇燂紝鎵浠ョО涓衡滅粨鏋勬暟鎹ā鍨嬧濄傜粨鏋勬暟鎹ā鍨嬪簲鍖呭惈錛氭暟鎹粨鏋勩佹暟鎹搷浣溿佹暟鎹畬鏁存х害鏉熶笁閮ㄥ垎銆傚畠涓昏鏈夛細 灞傛 銆?緗戠姸 銆?鍏崇郴 涓夌妯″瀷銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>銆銆灞傛妯″瀷( </strong>璇嗚 <strong>) </strong>錛氱敤鏍戝瀷緇撴瀯琛ㄧず瀹炰綋闂磋仈緋葷殑鏁版嵁妯″瀷 </p><p class="main"><strong>銆銆緗戠姸妯″瀷 </strong>( 璇嗚 )錛氱敤鏈夊悜鍥劇粨鏋勮〃紺哄疄浣撶被鍨嬪強瀹炰綋闂磋仈緋葷殑鏁版嵁妯″瀷銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>銆銆鍏崇郴妯″瀷( </strong>棰嗕細 )錛氭槸鐢辮嫢騫蹭釜鍏崇郴妯″紡緇勬垚鐨勯泦鍚堬紝鍏朵富瑕佺壒寰佹槸鐢ㄤ簩緇磋〃鏍肩粨鏋勮〃杈懼疄浣撻泦錛岀敤澶栭嵉琛ㄧず瀹炰綋闂磋仈緋匯?</p><p class="main"><strong>4銆侀潰鍚戝璞℃ā鍨?璇嗚):</strong></p><p class="main">銆銆閫氳繃瀵硅薄鍜岀被鐨勬蹇墊潵寤虹珛鐨勬暟鎹簱妯″瀷錛屾槸闈㈠悜瀵硅薄鎶鏈笌鏁版嵁搴撴妧鏈粨鍚堢殑浜х墿錛屾湰鑺備簡瑙d竴涓嬪嵆鍙?</p><p class="main"><strong>鍥涖佹暟鎹簱鐨勪綋緋葷粨鏋? 棰嗕細 ) </strong></p><p class="main">1銆佷笁綰х粨鏋勬ā寮忥細鏁版嵁搴撶殑浣撶郴緇撴瀯鍒嗕負涓夌駭錛氬唴閮ㄧ駭銆佹蹇電駭鍜屽閮ㄧ駭錛?</p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"><strong>銆銆澶栭儴綰?</strong>錛氬崟涓敤鎴鋒墍鑳界湅鍒扮殑鏁版嵁鐗規э紝縐板妯″紡銆? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"><strong>銆銆姒傚康綰?</strong>錛氭秹鍙婂埌鎵鏈夌敤鎴風殑鏁版嵁瀹氫箟錛屾槸鍏ㄥ眬鐨勬暟鎹鍥?縐扳滄蹇墊ā寮忊濄?/span></p><p> 銆銆 <span id="hvzpftn" class="main"><strong>鍐呴儴綰?</strong>錛氭渶鎺ヨ繎浜庣墿鐞嗗瓨鍌紝娑夊強鍒板疄闄呮暟鎹瓨鍌ㄧ殑緇撴瀯錛岀О鈥滃唴妯″紡鈥濄?</span></p><p class="main">2銆佷袱綰ф槧璞★細 </p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"><strong>銆銆妯″紡/鍐呮ā寮忔槧璞?</strong>錛氱敤浜庡畾涔夋蹇墊ā寮忓拰鍐呮ā寮忎箣闂寸殑瀵瑰簲鎬с備竴鑸湪鍐呮ā寮忎腑鎻忚堪銆? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"><strong> 銆銆澶栨ā寮?妯″紡鏄犺薄 </strong>錛氱敤浜庡畾涔夊妯″紡鍜屾蹇墊ā寮忛棿鐨勫搴旀с備竴鑸湪澶栨ā寮忎腑鎻忚堪銆? </span></p><p class="main">3.涓ょ駭鏁版嵁鐙珛鎬э細 </p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"><strong>銆銆鐗╃悊鏁版嵁鐙珛鎬?</strong>錛氫慨鏀瑰唴妯″紡鏃跺敖閲忎笉褰卞搷姒傚康妯″紡鍙婂妯″紡錛屽垯杈懼埌鐗╃悊鏁版嵁鐙珛鎬с? </span><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"><strong> 銆銆閫昏緫鏁版嵁鐙珛鎬?</strong>錛氫慨鏀規蹇墊ā寮忔椂灝介噺涓嶅獎鍝嶅妯″紡鍜屽簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忋? </span><p class="main">4.鐢ㄦ埛鍙婄敤鎴風晫闈細榪欓噷鎻掍竴鍙ワ紝鏁版嵁搴撴ā寮忓彲浠ョ悊瑙d負鏁版嵁搴撶粨鏋勩?</p><p class="main"><strong>浜斻佹暟鎹簱綆$悊緋葷粺( DBMS 棰嗕細 ) </strong></p><p class="main">1銆丏BMS鐨勪富瑕佸姛鑳斤細 <br /> 銆銆錛?錛夋暟鎹簱鐨勫畾涔夊姛鑳?<br /> 銆銆錛?錛夋暟鎹簱鐨勬搷綰靛姛鑳?<br /> 銆銆錛?錛夋暟鎹簱鐨勪繚鎶ゅ姛鑳?<br /> 銆銆錛?錛夋暟鎹簱鐨勫瓨鍌ㄧ鐞?<br /> 銆銆錛?錛夋暟鎹簱鐨勭淮鎶ゅ姛鑳?<br /> 銆銆錛?錛夋暟鎹瓧鍏?</p><p class="main">2銆丏BMS鐨勭粍鎴愶細 </p><p class="main">銆銆鐢變袱澶ч儴鍒嗙粍鎴愶細鏌ヨ澶勭悊鍣ㄥ拰瀛樺偍綆$悊鍣紝鍓嶈呭寘鎷珼DL緙栬瘧鍣ㄣ丏ML緙栬瘧鍣ㄣ佸祵鍏ュ瀷DML棰勭紪璇戝櫒銆佹煡璇㈣繍琛屾牳蹇冪▼搴忋傚悗鑰呭寘鎷巿鏉冨拰瀹屾暣鎬х鐞嗗櫒錛屼簨鍔$鐞嗗櫒銆佹枃浠剁鐞嗗櫒錛岀紦鍐插尯綆$悊鍣ㄣ?</p><p class="main"><strong>鍏佹暟鎹簱緋葷粺(DBS 棰嗕細 ) </strong></p><p class="main">銆銆DBS鐢卞洓閮ㄥ垎緇勬垚錛氭暟鎹簱銆佺‖浠躲佽蔣浠躲佹暟鎹簱綆$悊鍛樸?</p><p class="main">銆銆DBS鐨勫叏灞緇撴瀯鍙奃BS鐨勬晥鐩婏紝浜嗚В涓涓嬨?<br /></p><p class="main"><br /></p><p class="鏍峰紡2" align="center"><b>絎簩绔?鍏崇郴妯″瀷</b></p><p></p><p class="main">銆銆鏈珷涓烘閲嶇偣绔狅紝鎴戜滑緇忓父浣跨敤鐨勬暟鎹簱鍧囬噰鐢ㄥ叧緋繪ā鍨嬶紝鏈珷涓昏浠嬬粛浜嗗叧緋繪ā鍨嬬殑鍏崇郴榪愮畻鐞嗚錛屼富瑕佸湪浜庡鍏崇郴婕旂畻榪愮畻鐨勭悊瑙o紝涓哄悗闈㈢珷鑺傜殑SQL浣滃噯澶囥?</p><p class="main"><strong>涓銆佸叧緋繪ā鍨嬬殑鍩烘湰姒傚康( </strong>璇嗚 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">1銆佸叧緋繪ā鍨嬬殑鍩烘湰鏈錛?</p><p class="main">銆銆鐢ㄤ簩緇磋〃鏍?緇撴瀯琛ㄧず瀹炰綋闆嗐佸閿〃紺哄疄浣撻棿鑱旂郴鐨勬暟鎹ā鍨嬬О涓?鍏崇郴妯″瀷 銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆鍩烘湰鏈鏈夛細 瀛楁(灞炴?銆佸瓧孌靛?灞炴у?銆佽褰?鍏冪粍)銆佷簩緇磋〃鏍?鍏冪粍闆嗗悎銆佸叧緋繪垨瀹炰緥)銆?鍦ㄨ繖閲岋紝鎷彿涓殑琛ㄨ堪涓哄叧緋繪ā鍨嬩腑鐨勬湳璇傚畠涓庤〃鏍間腑鏈鍙互涓涓瀵瑰簲銆傝繕鏈夛紝鍏崇郴涓睘鎬т釜鏁扮О涓哄厓鏁幫紝鍏冪粍涓暟涓哄熀鏁般?</p><p class="main">銆銆閿?錛氱敱涓涓垨鍑犱釜灞炴х粍鎴愩?娉ㄦ剰閿笉涓瀹氭槸鍞竴鐨勪竴涓睘鎬?銆?</p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆銆銆瓚呴敭 錛氬湪鍏崇郴涓兘鍞竴鏍囪瘑鍏冪粍鐨勫睘鎬ч泦縐頒負鍏崇郴妯″紡鐨勮秴閿?娉ㄦ剰錛岃秴閿篃鏄竴涓睘鎬ч泦錛屼笉涓瀹氬彧鏄竴涓睘鎬? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆銆銆鍊欓夐敭 錛氫笉鍚湁澶氫綑灞炴х殑瓚呴敭縐頒負鍊欓夐敭銆? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆銆銆涓婚敭 錛氱敤鎴烽変綔鍏冪粍鏍囪瘑鐨勪竴涓欓夐敭涓轟富閿? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆銆銆澶栭敭 錛氭煇涓叧緋葷殑涓婚敭鐩稿簲鐨勫睘鎬у湪鍙︿竴鍏崇郴涓嚭鐜幫紝姝ゆ椂璇ヤ富閿湪灝辨槸鍙︿竴鍏崇郴鐨勫閿紝濡傛湁涓や釜鍏崇郴S鍜孲C,鍏朵腑S#鏄叧緋籗鐨勪富閿紝鐩稿簲鐨勫睘鎬#鍦ㄥ叧緋籗C涓篃鍑虹幇錛屾鏃禨#灝辨槸鍏崇郴SC鐨勫閿?<br /></span></p><p class="main">2銆佸叧緋繪ā寮忋佸叧緋誨瓙妯″紡鍜屽瓨鍌ㄦā寮?</p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆鍏崇郴妯″紡 錛氬叧緋繪ā寮忓疄闄呬笂灝辨槸璁板綍綾誨瀷銆傚畠鍖呮嫭錛氭ā寮忓悕錛屽睘鎬у悕錛屽煎煙鍚嶄互鍙婃ā寮忕殑涓婚敭銆傚叧緋繪ā寮忎粎鏄鏁版嵁鐗規х殑鎻忚堪銆?(榪欓氬父鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱涓〃鐜頒負涓涓暟鎹〃鐨勭粨鏋? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆鍏崇郴瀛愭ā寮?錛氬氨鏄敤鎴鋒墍鐢ㄥ埌閭i儴鍒嗘暟鎹殑鎻忚堪銆? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆瀛樺偍妯″紡 錛氬叧緋誨瓨鍌ㄦ椂鐨勫熀鏈粍緇囨柟寮忔槸鏂囦歡錛屽厓緇勬槸鏂囦歡涓殑璁板綍銆? </span></p><p class="main">3銆佸叧緋繪ā鍨嬬殑涓夌被瀹屾暣鎬ц鍒?</p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆瀹炰綋瀹屾暣鎬ц鍒?錛氳姹傚叧緋諱腑緇勬垚涓婚敭鐨勫睘鎬т笂涓嶈兘鏈夌┖鍊箋? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆鍙傜収瀹屾暣鎬ц鍒?錛氳姹備笉寮曠敤涓嶅瓨鍦ㄧ殑瀹炰綋銆? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆鐢ㄦ埛瀹氫箟瀹屾暣鎬ц鍒?錛氱敱鍏蜂綋搴旂敤鐜鍐沖畾錛岀郴緇熸彁渚涘畾涔夊拰媯楠岃繖綾誨畬鏁存х殑鏈哄埗銆? </span></p><p class="main">4銆佸叧緋繪ā鍨嬬殑褰㈠紡瀹氫箟錛氭暟鎹粨鏋勩佹暟鎹搷浣滃拰瀹屾暣鎬ц鍒欍?</p><p class="main"><strong>浜屻佸叧緋諱唬鏁拌繍綆?綆鍗曞簲鐢? </strong></p><p class="main"><strong>1銆佸叧緋諱唬鏁扮殑浜斾釜鍩烘湰鎿嶄綔錛氬茍銆佸樊銆佺瑳鍗″皵縐佹姇褰卞拰閫夋嫨銆?</strong></p><p class="main">銆銆騫?(鈭?錛氫袱涓叧緋婚渶鏈夌浉鍚岀殑鍏崇郴妯″紡錛屽茍鐨勫璞℃槸鍏冪粍錛岀敱涓や釜鍏崇郴鎵鏈夊厓緇勬瀯鎴愩?</p><p class="main">銆銆宸?(-)錛氬悓鏍鳳紝涓や釜鍏崇郴鏈夌浉鍚岀殑妯″紡錛孯鍜孲鐨勫樊鏄敱灞炰簬R浣嗕笉灞炰簬S鐨勫厓緇勬瀯鎴愮殑闆嗗悎銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆鎶曞獎( 蟽)錛氬鍏崇郴榪涜鍨傜洿鍒嗗壊錛屾秷鍘繪煇浜涘垪錛屽茍閲嶆柊瀹夋帓鍒楃殑欏哄簭銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆閫夋嫨 (蟺)錛氭牴鎹煇浜涙潯浠跺叧緋諱綔姘村鉤鍒嗗壊錛屽嵆閫夋嫨絎﹀悎鏉′歡鐨勫厓緇勩?</p><p class="main"><strong>2銆佸叧緋諱唬鏁扮殑鍥涗釜緇勫悎鎿嶄綔錛氫氦銆佽仈鎺ャ佽嚜鐒惰仈鎺ュ拰闄ゆ硶 </strong></p><p class="main">銆銆浜?(鈭?錛歊鍜孲鐨勪氦鏄敱鏃㈠睘浜嶳鍙堝睘浜嶴鐨勫厓緇勬瀯鎴愮殑闆嗗悎銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆鑱旀帴 鍖呮嫭胃鑱旀帴鍜孎鑱旀帴錛屾槸閫夋嫨R脳S涓弧瓚砳胃(r+j)鎴朏鏉′歡鐨勫厓緇勬瀯鎴愮殑闆嗗悎錛岀壒鍒敞鎰?絳夊艱仈鎺?(胃涓虹瓑鍙封?鈥?銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆鑷劧鑱旀帴 (R|X|S)錛氬湪R脳S涓紝閫夋嫨R鍜孲鍏叡灞炴у煎潎鐩哥瓑鐨勫厓緇勶紝騫跺幓鎺塕脳S涓噸澶嶇殑鍏叡灞炴у垪銆傚鏋滀袱涓叧緋繪病鏈夊叕鍏卞睘鎬э紝鍒欒嚜鐒惰仈鎺ュ氨杞寲涓虹瑳鍗″皵縐?</p><p class="main">銆 銆闄ゆ硶 (梅)錛氶鍏堥櫎娉曠殑緇撴灉涓厓鏁頒負涓や釜鍏冩暟鐨勫樊錛屼互渚?.6涓轟緥錛屾垜浠彲浠ョ洿鎺ョ敤瑙傚療娉曟潵寰楀埌緇撴灉錛屾妸S鐪嬩綔涓涓潡錛屾嬁鍒癛涓幓鍜岀浉鍚屽睘鎬ч泦涓殑鍏冪粍浣滄瘮 杈冿紝濡傛灉鏈夌浉鍚岀殑鍧楋紝涓旈櫎鍘繪鍧楀悗鐣欎笅鐨勭浉搴斿厓緇勫潎鐩稿悓錛岄偅涔堝彲浠ュ緱鍒頒竴鏉″厓緇勶紝鎵鏈夎繖浜涘厓緇勭殑闆嗗悎灝辨槸闄ゆ硶鐨勭粨鏋溿?</p><p class="main"><em>銆銆瀵逛簬涓婅堪鐨勪簲涓熀鏈搷浣滃拰緇勫悎鎿嶄綔錛屽簲褰撲粠瀹為檯榪愮畻鏂歸潰榪涜鐞嗚В鍜岃繍鐢紝瀵瑰叾褰㈠紡瀹氫箟鍙笉蹇呮繁絀躲傛敞鎰忚鏈笂鐨勪緥瀛愩?</em></p><p class="main"><strong>3銆佸叧緋諱唬鏁拌〃杈懼紡鍙婂簲鐢?</strong></p><p class="main">銆銆鍦ㄥ叧緋諱唬鏁拌〃杈懼紡涓紝澶嶅悎浜嗕笂榪頒簲涓熀鏈搷浣滐紝鍦ㄧ粰鍑虹浉搴旂殑琛ㄦ牸(鍏崇郴)涓紝搴旇鑳藉鏍規嵁緇欏嚭鐨勫叧緋諱唬鏁拌〃杈懼紡璁$畻鍏崇郴鍊鹼紝涔熻鑳芥牴鎹浉搴旀煡璇㈣姹傚垪鍑哄叧緋昏〃杈懼紡銆?</p><p class="main">鍦ㄥ垪鍏崇郴琛ㄨ揪寮忔椂錛岄氬父鏈変互涓嬪艦寮忥細 </p><p class="鏍峰紡2" align="center">蟺...(蟽...(R脳S))鎴栬呄...(蟽...(R|X|S)) </p><p class="main">銆銆棣栧厛鎶婃煡璇㈡秹鍙婂埌鐨勫叧緋誨彇鏉ワ紝鎵ц絎涘崱灝旂Н鎴栬嚜鐒惰仈鎺ユ搷浣滃緱鍒頒竴寮犲ぇ鐨勮〃鏍鹼紝鐒跺悗瀵瑰ぇ琛ㄦ牸鎵ц姘村鉤鍒嗗壊(閫夋嫨)鍜屽瀭鐩村垎鍓?鎶曞獎)鎿嶄綔銆備絾鏄敞鎰忓綋鏌ヨ娑夊強鍒板惁瀹氭垨鍏ㄩ儴鍊兼椂錛屽氨涓嶈兘鐢ㄤ笂榪板艦寮忥紝鑰岃鐢ㄥ埌宸垨闄ゆ硶鎿嶄綔銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>涓夈佸叧緋繪紨綆? </strong>棰嗕細 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">銆銆鍏崇郴婕旂畻鍒嗕負鍏冪粍鍏崇郴婕旂畻鎴栧煙鍏崇郴婕旂畻錛屽墠鑰呬互鍏冪粍涓哄彉閲忥紝鍚庤呬互鍩熶負鍙橀噺銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆鍏冪粍婕旂畻琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑涓鑸艦寮忎負錛歿t|P(t)}錛屽叾鍚箟涓猴細榪欐槸涓涓厓緇勯泦鍚堬紝鍏朵腑鐨勬瘡涓厓緇則(t鏄厓緇勫彉閲?婊¤凍鍏紡P鎵瑙勫畾鐨勬潯浠躲傛墍浠ュ湪涔﹀啓婕旂畻琛ㄨ揪寮忔椂錛屽簲璇ユ敞閲嶇悊瑙e叕寮廝濡備綍琛ㄨ揪銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆鍩熸紨綆楄〃杈懼紡鐨勪竴鑸艦寮忎負錛歿t1...tk|P(t1...,tk)},鍏跺惈涔変負錛氳繖鏄竴涓煙闆嗗悎錛屽叾涓瘡涓煙鍙橀噺鐨勫彇鍊煎叧緋繪弧瓚沖叕寮廝鎵瑙勫畾鐨勬潯浠躲備篃鏄敞鎰忓叕寮廝鐨勮〃杈俱?</p><p class="main"><em>銆銆浠ヤ笂涓ょ被婕旂畻闇瑕佷竴瀹氱殑紱繪暎鏁板鍩虹錛屽鏋滀笉鑳藉緢娣卞埢鐨勬帉鎻★紝闂涔熶笉澶э紝涓昏搴旂湅鎳傝〃杈懼紡鍗沖彲錛屽浜庣粰瀹氱殑琛ㄨ揪寮忓拰緇欏畾鐨勫叧緋伙紝搴斿綋鑳借綆楄〃杈懼紡鐨勭粨鏋?寰楀埌涓涓叧緋? </em></p><p class="main"><strong>鍥涖佹煡璇紭鍖?</strong></p><p class="main">銆銆鏌ヨ浼樺寲鐨勭洰鐨勫氨鏄負浜嗙郴緇熷湪鎵ц鏃舵棦鐪佹椂闂村張鑳芥彁楂樻晥鐜囷紝鍦ㄥ叧緋諱唬鏁拌繍綆椾腑錛岄氬父鏄厛榪涜絎涘崱灝旂Н鎴栬仈鎺ヨ繍綆楋紝鍐嶈繘琛岄夋嫨鍜屾姇褰憋紝鎭板綋鍦板畨鎺掗夋嫨銆佹姇褰卞拰鑱旀帴鐨勯『搴忥紝灝卞彲瀹炵幇鏌ヨ浼樺寲銆?</p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"> 浼樺寲鐨勭瓥鐣ヤ富瑕佹湁浠ヤ笅鍑犵偣錛? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(1)鍦ㄥ叧緋諱唬鏁拌〃杈懼紡涓敖鍙兘鏃╁湴鎵ц閫夋嫨鎿嶄綔(鏃╅夋嫨). </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(2)鎶婄瑳鍗″皵縐拰闅忓悗鐨勯夋嫨鎿嶄綔鍚堝茍鎴怓鑱旀帴榪愮畻(F鑱旀帴) </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(3)鍚屾椂璁$畻涓榪炰覆鐨勯夋嫨鍜屾姇褰辨搷浣?鍚屾椂綆? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(4)淇濈暀鍚屼竴瀛愯〃杈懼紡鐨勭粨鏋? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(5)閫傚綋瀵瑰叧緋繪枃浠惰繘琛岄澶勭悊 </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(6)璁$畻琛ㄨ揪寮忎箣鍓嶅厛浼拌涓涓嬫庝箞璁$畻鍚堢畻銆? </span></p><p class="main"><em>銆銆浠ヤ笂鍑犵偣闇瑕佺悊瑙c傛牴鎹〃杈懼紡浼樺寲鐨勭畻娉曟楠ゅ緇欏畾琛ㄨ揪寮忚繘琛屼紭鍖栥?</em></p><br /><p class="鏍峰紡2" align="center"><b>絎笁绔?鍏崇郴鏁版嵁搴揝QL璇█</b></p><p></p><p class="main">銆銆鏈珷涓洪噸鐐圭珷錛屽簲鐔熸倝鍜屾帉鎻QL鐨勬暟鎹畾涔夈佹暟鎹煡璇€佹暟鎹洿鏂扮殑鍙ユ硶鍙婂叾搴旂敤錛岀壒鍒槸鏁版嵁鏌ヨ鐨勫簲鐢ㄣ傜粨鍚堜笂鏈烘搷浣滆繘琛岀悊瑙e拰鎺屾彙銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>涓銆丼QL姒傝堪銆?</strong></p><p class="main"><strong>1銆丼QL鍙戝睍鍘嗙▼( 璇嗚 ) </strong></p><p class="main">銆 銆SQL浠?970騫寸編鍥絀BM鐮旂┒涓績鐨凟.F.Codd鍙戣〃璁烘枃鍒?974騫碆oyce鍜孋hamberlin鎶奡QUARE璇█鏀逛負SEQUEL璇? 璦錛屽埌鐜板湪榪樺湪涓嶆柇瀹屽杽鍜屽彂灞曚箣涓紝SQL(緇撴瀯寮忔煡璇㈣璦)铏界劧鍚嶄負鏌ヨ錛屼絾瀹為檯涓婂叿鏈夊畾涔夈佹煡璇€佹洿鏂板拰鎺у埗絳夊縐嶅姛鑳姐?</p><p class="main"><strong>2銆丼QL鏁版嵁搴撶殑浣撶郴緇撴瀯( 棰嗕細 ) </strong></p><p class="main">銆銆SQL鏁版嵁搴撶殑浣撶郴緇撴瀯涔熸槸涓夌駭緇撴瀯 錛屼絾鏈涓庝紶緇熷叧緋繪ā鍨嬫湳璇笉鍚岋紝鍦⊿QL涓紝鍏崇郴妯″紡縐頒負" 鍩烘湰琛?"錛屽瓨鍌ㄦā寮忕О涓? 瀛樺偍鏂囦歡 "錛屽瓙妯″紡縐頒負" 瑙嗗浘 "錛屽厓緇勭О" 琛?"錛屽睘鎬хО" 鍒?"銆?</p><p class="main">SQL鏁版嵁搴撲綋緋葷殑緇撴瀯瑕佺偣濡備笅錛?</p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(1)涓涓猄QL鏁版嵁搴撴槸琛ㄧ殑姹囬泦銆? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(2)涓涓猄QL琛ㄧ敱琛岄泦鏋勬垚錛岃鏄垪鐨勫簭鍒楋紝姣忓垪瀵瑰簲涓涓暟鎹」銆? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(3)琛ㄦ垨鑰呮槸鍩烘湰琛紝鎴栬呮槸瑙嗗浘銆傚熀鏈〃鏄疄闄呭瓨鍌ㄥ湪鏁版嵁搴撲腑鐨勮〃錛岃鍥劇敱鏄敱鑻ュ共鍩烘湰琛ㄦ垨鍏朵粬瑙嗗浘鏋勬垚鐨勮〃鐨勫畾涔夈? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(4)涓涓熀鏈〃鍙互璺ㄤ竴涓垨澶氫釜瀛樺偍鏂囦歡錛屼竴涓瓨鍌ㄦ枃浠朵篃鍙瓨鏀句竴涓垨澶氫釜鍩烘湰琛ㄣ傚瓨鍌ㄦ枃浠朵笌鐗╃悊鏂囦歡瀵瑰簲銆? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(5)鐢ㄦ埛鍙互鐢⊿QL璇彞瀵硅〃榪涜鎿嶄綔錛屽寘鎷鍥懼拰鍩烘湰琛ㄣ? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(6)SQL鐨勭敤鎴峰彲浠ユ槸搴旂敤紼嬪簭錛屼篃鍙互鏄粓绔敤鎴楓? </span></p><p class="main"><strong>3銆丼QL鐨勭粍鎴? 璇嗚 ) </strong></p><p class="main">SQL鐢卞洓閮ㄥ垎緇勬垚錛?</p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"> 銆銆(1)鏁版嵁瀹氫箟錛歋QL DDL銆傚畾涔塖QL妯″紡錛屽熀鏈〃銆佽鍥懼拰绱㈠紩銆? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(2)鏁版嵁鎿嶇旱錛歋QL DML銆傚寘鎷暟鎹煡璇㈠拰鏁版嵁鏇存柊(澧炪佸垹銆佹敼)銆? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(3)鏁版嵁鎺у埗錛氬寘鎷鍩烘湰琛ㄥ拰瑙嗗浘鐨勬巿鏉冦佸畬鏁存ц鍒欑殑鎻忚堪錛屼簨鍔℃帶鍒剁瓑銆? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(4)宓屽叆寮廠QL鐨勪嬌鐢ㄨ瀹氥? </span></p><p class="main"><strong>浜屻丼QL鐨勬暟鎹畾涔? </strong>綆鍗曞簲鐢?<strong>) </strong></p><p class="main"><strong>1銆丼QL妯″紡鐨勫垱寤哄拰鎾ゆ秷錛?</strong></p><p class="main">銆銆SQL 妯″紡鐨勫垱寤?鍙畝鍗曠悊瑙d負寤虹珛涓涓暟鎹簱錛屽畾涔変竴涓瓨鍌ㄧ┖闂達紝鍏跺彞娉曟槸錛?</p><p class="鏍峰紡2" align="center">CREAT SCHEMA <妯″紡鍚?gt; AUTHORIZATION <鐢ㄦ埛鍚?gt;</p><p class="main">銆銆鎾ゆ秷SQL妯″紡鐨勫彞娉曚負錛?</p><p class="鏍峰紡2" align="center">DROP SCHEMA <妯″紡鍚?gt; [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] </p><p class="main">銆銆鏂規嫭鍙蜂腑鐨勯夐」鍙傛暟CASCADE琛ㄧず榪為攣鏂瑰紡錛屾墽琛屾椂灝嗘ā寮忎笅鎵鏈夊熀鏈〃銆佽鍥俱佺儲寮曠瓑鍏冪礌鍏ㄩ儴鎾ゆ秷銆俁ESTRICT琛ㄧず綰︽潫寮忥紝鎵ц鏃跺繀欏誨湪SQL妯″紡涓病鏈変換浣曚笅灞炲厓绱犳椂鏂瑰彲鎾ゆ秷妯″紡銆?</p><p class="main">2銆丼QL鎻愪緵鐨勫熀鏈暟鎹被鍨?</p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"> 銆銆鏁板煎瀷錛氬寘鎷?integer銆乻mallint銆乺eal銆乨ouble precision 銆乫loat(n),numeric(p錛宒)</span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆瀛楃涓插瀷錛歝har(n)銆乿archar(n)錛屽墠鑰呮槸瀹氶暱錛屽悗鑰呬負鍙橀暱涓? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"> 銆銆浣嶄覆鍨嬶細bit(n),bit varying(n)錛屽悓涓娿? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆鏃墮棿鍨嬶細date銆乼ime銆?</span></p><p class="main">3銆佸熀鏈〃鐨勫垱寤恒佷慨鏀瑰拰鎾ゆ秷 </p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鍩烘湰琛ㄧ殑鍒涘緩錛?鍙悊瑙d負寤虹珛琛ㄧ粨鏋? <br /> CREAT TABLE SQL 妯″紡鍚?鍩烘湰琛ㄥ悕 <br /> (鍒楀悕錛岀被鍨嬶紝 <br /> 鈥︹?<br /> 瀹屾暣鎬х害鏉?..) <br /> 瀹屾暣鎬х害鏉熷寘鎷富閿瓙鍙?PRIMARY KEY)銆佹鏌ュ瓙鍙?CHECK)鍜屽閿瓙鍙?Foreign KEY). </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鍩烘湰琛ㄧ粨鏋勭殑淇敼 <br /> ALTER TABLE 鍩烘湰琛ㄥ悕 ADD/ DROP (澧炲姞/鍒犻櫎) 鍒楀悕 綾誨瀷鍚?澧炲姞鏃跺啓鍑? <br /> 鍒犻櫎鏃舵湁瀛愬彞 [CASCADE|RESTRICT]錛屽墠鑰呬負榪為攣鍒犻櫎錛屽悗鑰呬負綰︽潫鍒犻櫎錛屽嵆娌℃湁瀵規湰鍒楃殑浠諱綍寮曠敤鏃舵墠鑳藉垹闄ゃ? </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">鍩烘湰琛ㄧ殑鎾ゆ秷 <br /> DROP TABLE 鍩烘湰琛ㄥ悕 [CASCADE|RESTRICT] </li></ul><p class="main">4銆佽鍥劇殑鍒涘緩鍜屾挙娑?</p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鍒涘緩錛?CREAT VIEW 瑙嗗浘鍚?鍒楀悕琛? AS SELECT 鏌ヨ璇彞 </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">鎾ゆ秷錛?DROP VIEW 瑙嗗浘鍚?</li></ul><p class="main">5銆佺儲寮曠殑鍒涘緩鍜屾挙娑?</p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鍒涘緩錛?CREAT [UNIQUE] INDEX 绱㈠紩鍚?ON 鍩烘湰琛ㄥ悕(鍒楀悕琛?[ASC|DESC]) </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">鎾ゆ秷錛?DROP INDEX 绱㈠紩鍚?</li></ul><p class="main">銆銆鎬葷粨錛氬嚒鍒涘緩閮界敤 CREAT ,鍒犻櫎閮界敤 DROP ,鏀瑰彉鐢?alter ,鍐嶈窡綾誨瀷鍜屽悕瀛楋紝闄勫姞瀛愬彞寰堝鏄撲簡銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>涓夈丼QL鐨勬暟鎹煡璇? </strong>緇煎悎搴旂敤 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">榪欎竴孌墊槸鏈珷鐨勯噸鐐瑰唴瀹癸紝搴旇鐔熺粌鎺屾彙銆傞鍏堜簡瑙e熀鏈彞娉曪細 </p><p class="main">1銆?SELECT -FROM- WHERE 鍙ュ瀷 </p><ul><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">SELECT 鍒楀悕琛?閫楀彿闅斿紑) FROM 鍩烘湰琛ㄦ垨瑙嗗浘搴忓垪 WHERE 鏉′歡琛ㄨ揪寮?</li></ul><p class="main">銆銆鍦ㄨ繖閲岋紝閲嶇偣瑕佹帉鎻℃潯浠惰〃杈懼紡涓悇縐嶈繍綆楃鐨勫簲鐢紝濡?錛?gt;,<,<>絳夌畻鏈瘮杈冭繍綆楃銆侀昏緫榪愮畻絎?AND銆丱R銆丯OT 銆侀泦鍚堟垚鍛樿祫鏍艱繍綆楃錛?IN錛孨OT IN 錛屼互鍙婂祵濂楃殑 SELECT 璇彞鐨勭敤娉曡鐗瑰埆娉ㄦ剰鐞嗚В銆?<em>閽堝璇炬湰鐨勪緥棰樺拰璇懼悗涔犻榪涜鎺屾彙銆?</em></p><p class="main">銆銆鍦ㄦ煡璇㈡椂錛?SELECT 璇彞鍙互鏈夊縐嶅啓娉曪紝濡?鑱旀帴鏌ヨ銆佸祵濂楁煡璇㈠拰浣跨敤瀛樺湪閲忚瘝鐨勫祵濂楁煡璇?絳夈傛渶濂介兘鎺屾彙錛屼絾鏄搗鐮佸簲鑳藉啓鍑轟竴縐嶆紜殑鏌ヨ璇彞銆?</p><p class="main">2. SELECT 璇彞瀹屾暣鐨勫彞娉曪細 </p><ul><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">SELECT 鍒楀悕琛?閫楀彿闅斿紑) <br /> FROM 鍩烘湰琛ㄦ垨瑙嗗浘搴忓垪 <br /> [ WHERE 鏉′歡琛ㄨ揪寮廬 (姝や負鍜屾潯浠跺瓙鍙? <br /> [GROUP BY 鍒楀悕搴忓垪] (鍒嗙粍瀛愬彞) <br /> [HAVING 緇勬潯浠惰〃杈懼紡] (緇勬潯浠跺瓙鍙? <br /> [ORDER BY鍒楀悕[ASC|DESC]..] (鎺掑簭瀛愬彞) </li></ul><p class="main">榪欐鍏充簬瀹屾暣鍙ユ硶鐨勫唴瀹硅兘澶熺悊瑙d篃灝遍棶棰樹笉澶т簡銆?</p><p class="main">3銆?SELECT 璇彞涓殑闄愬畾 </p><p class="main"><em>銆銆榪欎竴孌靛唴瀹逛富瑕佹槸瀵?SELECT 璇彞榪涗竴姝ヤ嬌鐢ㄨ繘琛岀殑娣卞叆瀛︿範錛岄浼氫笅鍒楀悇縐嶉檺瀹氱殑浣跨敤鐩殑鍜屾柟娉曘?</em></p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">瑕佹眰杈撳嚭琛ㄦ牸涓笉鍑虹幇閲嶅鍏冪粍錛屽垯鍦?SELECT 鍚庡姞涓DISTINCT </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">SELECT 瀛愬彞涓厑璁稿嚭鐜板姞鍑忎箻闄ゅ強鍒楀悕錛屽父鏁扮殑綆楁湳琛ㄨ揪寮? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">WHERE 瀛愬彞涓彲浠ョ敤BETWEEN...AND...鏉ラ檺瀹氫竴涓肩殑鑼冨洿 </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鍚屼竴涓熀鏈〃鍦?SELECT 璇彞涓嬈″紩鐢ㄦ椂鍙敤AS鏉ュ鍔犲埆鍚? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">WHERE 瀛愬彞涓瓧絎︿覆鍖歸厤鐢↙IKE鍜屼袱涓氶厤絎︼紝%鍜屼笅鍒掔嚎_. </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鏌ヨ緇撴灉鐨勭粨鏋勫畬鍏ㄤ竴鑷存椂鍙皢涓や釜鏌ヨ榪涜騫?UNION)浜?INTERSECT)宸?EXCPT)鎿嶄綔 </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鏌ヨ絀哄兼搷浣滀笉鏄敤='null',鑰屾槸鐢?IS NULL鏉ユ祴璇曘? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">闆嗗悎鎴愬憳璧勬牸姣旇緝鐢?IN/NOT IN 錛岄泦鍚堟垚鍛樼畻鏈瘮杈冪敤鍏冪粍胃SOME/ALL </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鍙互鐢ㄥ瓙鏌ヨ緇撴灉鍙栧悕(琛ㄥ悕(鍒楀悕搴忓垪))鏉ヤ綔涓哄鍑鴻〃浣跨敤 </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">鍩烘湰琛ㄧ殑鑷劧鑱旀帴鎿嶄綔鏄敤 NATURAL INNER JOIN鏉ュ疄鐜扮殑銆?/li></ul><p class="main"><strong>鍥涖丼QL鐨勬暟鎹洿鏂? </strong>綆鍗曞簲鐢?<strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">綆鍗曞簲鐢ㄥ氨鏄帉鎻″熀鏈殑鍙ュ瀷騫惰兘濂楃敤鍦ㄤ竴浜涚畝鍗曠殑鏌ヨ瑕佹眰涓娿?</p><p class="main">1銆佹暟鎹彃鍏ワ細 </p><p class="main">INSERT INTO 鍩烘湰琛ㄥ悕(鍒楀悕琛? <br /> valueS (鍏冪粍鍊? </p><p class="main">鎴?<br /> INSERT INTO 鍩烘湰琛ㄥ悕(鍒楀悕琛? <br /> SELECT 鏌ヨ璇彞 </p><p class="main">鍏朵腑鍏冪粍鍊煎彲浠ヨ繛緇彃鍏ャ傜敤鏌ヨ璇彞鍙互鎸夎姹傛彃鍏ユ墍闇鏁版嵁銆?</p><p class="main">2銆佹暟鎹垹闄わ細 </p><p class="main">DELETE FROM 鍩烘湰琛ㄥ悕 [ WHERE 鏉′歡琛ㄨ揪寮廬 </p><p class="main">3銆佹暟鎹慨鏀癸細 </p><p class="main">UPDATE 鍩烘湰琛ㄥ悕 <br /> SET 鍒楀悕=鍊艱〃杈懼紡,[鍒楀悕=鍊艱〃杈懼紡...] <br /> [ WHERE 鏉′歡琛ㄨ揪寮廬 </p><p class="main">4銆佸瑙嗗浘鐨勬洿鏂幫細 </p><p class="main">鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾錛屽瑙嗗浘鐨勬煡璇㈡槸鍜屽熀鏈〃鐩稿悓鐨勶紝浣嗘槸鏇存柊鎿嶄綔鍒欏彈鍒頒笅鍒椾笁鏉¤鍒欑殑闄愬埗錛?棰嗕細涓涓? </p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">濡傛灉瑙嗗浘鏄粠澶氫釜鍩烘湰琛ㄤ嬌鐢ㄨ仈鎺ユ搷浣滃鍑虹殑錛屽垯涓嶅厑璁告洿鏂般? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">濡傛灉瀵煎嚭鐨勮鍥句嬌鐢ㄤ簡鍒嗙粍鍜岃仛鍚堟搷浣滐紝涔熶笉鍏佽鏇存柊銆? </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">濡傛灉瑙嗗浘鏄粠鍗曚釜鍩烘湰琛ㄤ嬌鐢ㄩ夋嫨鍜屾姇褰辨搷浣滃鍑虹殑錛屽茍涓斿寘鎷簡鍩烘湰琛ㄧ殑涓婚敭鎴栨煇涓欓夐敭錛屽垯鍙互鎵ц鎿嶄綔銆?榪欏氨鐩稿綋浜庡湪鍩烘湰琛ㄤ笂鎿嶄綔)銆?</li></ul><br /><p class="main"><em> 銆銆榪欎竴鑺傜殑鍏充簬澧炲垹鏀圭殑鎿嶄綔瑕佸拰鍓嶉潰鍏充簬鏁版嵁搴撴ā寮忋佽〃鐨勫鍒犳敼鎿嶄綔榪涜瀵規瘮瀛︿範錛屼互鍔犳繁鐞嗚В銆備笉瑕佸繕璁頒笂鏈哄疄璺?</em>銆?<br /></p><p class="main"><br /></p><p class="鏍峰紡2" align="center"><b>絎洓绔?鍏崇郴鏁版嵁搴撶殑妯″紡璁捐</b></p><p></p><p class="main">銆銆銆鏈珷鐨勭悊璁烘ц緝寮猴紝瀛︿範鏃舵湁鏃犱粠涓嬫墜鐨勬劅瑙夛紝鍦ㄥ涔犳椂搴斿鍔犳濊冿紝浠庢蹇靛嚭鍙戝幓鐞嗚В鐞嗚錛屽墠鍚庣殑鐞嗚鏈夎緝寮虹殑鑱旂郴錛屽洜姝よ閫愪釜鐞嗚В錛屼絾瀵逛簬鐞嗚鐨勮瘉鏄庣瓑鍐呭鍒欎笉蹇呮繁絀訛紝鏈珷閲嶇偣鏄嚱鏁頒緷璧栵紝鏃犳崯鑱旀帴銆佷繚鎸佷緷璧栧拰鑼冨紡鐨勬蹇點?</p><p class="main"><strong>涓銆佸叧緋繪ā寮忕殑璁捐闂( </strong>璇嗚 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">銆銆鍏崇郴鏁版嵁搴?鏄互鍏崇郴妯″瀷涓哄熀紜鐨勬暟鎹簱錛屽畠鍒╃敤鍏崇郴鏉ユ弿榪扮幇瀹炰笘鐣屻備竴涓叧緋繪棦鍙互鐢ㄦ潵鎻忚堪涓涓疄浣撳強鍏跺睘鎬?錛屼篃鍙互鐢ㄦ潵鎻忚堪瀹炰綋闂寸殑鑱旂郴銆傚叧緋誨疄璐ㄤ笂灝辨槸涓寮犱簩緇磋〃 錛岃〃鐨?琛岀О涓哄厓緇?錛屽垪縐頒負灞炴?銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆鍏崇郴妯″紡鏄敤鏉ュ畾涔夊叧緋葷殑錛岃繖閲岀殑鍏崇郴妯″紡鎴戜滑鍙互綆鍗曞湴鐞嗚В涓轟竴涓〃鐨勭粨鏋勶紝涓涓叧緋繪暟鎹簱鍖呭惈涓緇勫叧緋伙紝涔熷氨鏄寘鍚竴緇勪簩緇磋〃錛岃繖浜涗簩緇磋〃緇撴瀯浣撶殑闆嗗悎灝辨瀯鎴愭暟鎹簱鐨勬ā寮?涔熷彲浠ョ悊瑙d負鏁版嵁搴撶殑緇撴瀯)銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆鍏崇郴鏁版嵁搴?璁捐鐞嗚鍖呮嫭涓変釜鏂歸潰鍐呭錛?鏁版嵁渚濊禆 銆佽寖寮?銆佹ā寮忚璁℃柟娉曘傛牳蹇冨唴瀹規槸鏁版嵁渚濊禆銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆娉涘叧緋繪ā寮?錛氭妸鐜板疄闂鐨勬墍鏈夊睘鎬х粍鎴愪竴涓叧緋繪ā寮廟(U)錛岃繖涓叧緋繪ā寮忓氨縐頒負娉涘叧緋繪ā寮忋?</p><p class="main">銆銆鏁版嵁搴撴ā寮?錛氭妸娉涘叧緋繪ā寮忕敤涓緇勫叧緋繪ā寮忕殑闆嗗悎蟻鏉ヨ〃紺烘椂錛岃繖涓佸氨鏄暟鎹簱妯″紡銆?</p><p class="main">涓嬮潰鎴戜滑鎬葷粨涓涓嬪叧緋繪ā寮忕殑鐩稿叧鍐呭浠?澶?鍒?灝?鐨勬帓鍒?</p><p class="main">銆銆娉涘叧緋繪ā寮忊啋鏁版嵁搴撴ā寮忊啋鍏崇郴鏁版嵁搴撯啋琛ㄧ粨鏋勨啋鍏崇郴妯″紡瀹炰緥(琛?鈫掕褰?琛屻佸垪.) </p><p class="main">銆銆鍏崇郴妯″紡鐨勫瓨鍌ㄥ紓甯? 鏁版嵁鍐椾綑 銆佹洿 鏂板紓甯?銆?鎻掑叆寮傚父鍜屽垹闄ゅ紓甯?</p><p class="main"><strong>浜屻佸嚱鏁頒緷璧?FD) </strong></p><p class="main"><strong>銆銆1銆佸嚱鏁頒緷璧栫殑瀹氫箟 </strong>( 棰嗕細 )錛氳鏈夊叧緋繪ā寮廟(A1錛孉2錛?..An)鎴栫畝璁頒負R(U)錛孹錛孻鏄疷鐨勫瓙闆嗭紝r鏄疪鐨勪換涓鍏蜂綋鍏崇郴錛屽鏋滃r鐨勪換鎰忎袱涓厓緇則1,t2,鐢眛1 [X]=t2[X]瀵艱嚧t1[Y]=t2[Y]錛屽垯縐癤鍑芥暟鍐沖畾Y錛屾垨Y鍑芥暟渚濊禆浜嶺錛岃涓篨鈫扽銆俋鈫扽涓烘ā寮廟鐨勪竴涓嚱鏁頒緷璧栥?</p><p class="main"><em>銆銆榪欎釜瀹氫箟鍙互榪欐牱鐞嗚В </em>錛氭湁涓寮犺璁″ソ鐨勪簩緇磋〃錛孹錛孻鏄〃鐨勬煇浜涘垪(鍙互鏄竴鍒楋紝涔熷彲浠ユ槸澶氬垪)錛岃嫢鍦ㄨ〃涓殑絎瑃1琛岋紝鍜岀t2琛屼笂鐨刋鍊肩浉絳夛紝閭d箞蹇呮湁t1琛屽拰t2琛屼笂鐨刌鍊間篃鐩哥瓑錛岃繖灝辨槸璇碮鍑芥暟渚濊禆浜嶺銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>2銆佸嚱鏁頒緷璧栫殑閫昏緫钑存兜 </strong>( 璇嗚 ) </p><p class="main">銆銆璁綟鏄叧緋繪ā寮廟鐨勪竴涓嚱鏁頒緷璧栭泦錛孹,Y鏄疪鐨勫睘鎬у瓙闆嗭紝濡傛灉浠嶧涓殑鍑芥暟渚濊禆鑳藉鎺ㄥ嚭X鈫扽錛屽垯縐癋閫昏緫钑存兜X鈫扽錛岃涓篎|=X鈫扽. </p><p class="main">銆銆鑰屽嚱鏁頒緷璧栫殑闂寘F + 鏄寚琚獸閫昏緫钑存兜鐨勫嚱鏁頒緷璧栫殑鍏ㄤ綋鏋勬垚鐨勯泦鍚堛?</p><p class="main"><strong>3銆侀敭鍜孎D鐨勫叧緋?</strong>( 棰嗕細 ) </p><p class="main">銆銆閿槸鍞竴鏍囪瘑瀹炰綋鐨勫睘鎬ч泦銆傚浜庨敭鍜屽嚱鏁頒緷璧栫殑鍏崇郴錛氭湁涓や釜鏉′歡錛氳鍏崇郴妯″紡R(A1,A2...An)錛孎鏄疪涓婄殑鍑芥暟渚濊禆闆嗭紝X鏄疪鐨勪竴涓瓙闆嗭紝 </p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"> 銆銆(1)X鈫扐1A2...An鈭團 + (瀹冪殑鎰忔濇槸X鑳藉鍐沖畾鍞竴鐨勪竴涓厓緇? </span></p><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">銆銆(2)涓嶅瓨鍦╔鐨勭湡瀛愰泦Y錛屼嬌寰梇涔熻兘鍐沖畾鍞竴鐨勪竴涓厓緇勶紝鍒橷灝辨槸R鐨勪竴涓欓夐敭銆?瀹冪殑鎰忔濇槸X鑳藉喅瀹氬敮涓鐨勪竴涓厓緇勪絾鍙堟病鏈夊浣欑殑灞炴ч泦) </span></p><p class="main">銆銆鍖呭惈鍦ㄤ換浣曚竴涓欓夐敭涓殑灞炴хО涓轟富灞炴?錛屼笉鍖呭惈鍦ㄤ換浣曢敭涓殑灞炴т負闈炰富灞炴?闈為敭灞炴?錛屾敞鎰忎富灞炴у簲褰撳寘鍚湪鍊欓夐敭涓?</p><p class="main"><strong>4銆佸嚱鏁頒緷璧?FD)鐨勬帹鐞嗚鍒?</strong>( 綆鍗曞簲鐢?) </p><p class="main">銆銆鍓嶉潰鎴戜滑涓劇殑渚嬪瓙涓槸浠ュ疄闄呯粡楠屾潵紜畾涓涓嚱鏁頒緷璧栫殑閫昏緫钑存兜錛屼絾鏄垜浠渶瑕佷竴涓帹鐞嗚鍒欐墠鑳藉畬鍏ㄧ‘瀹欶鎴朏+鐨勬墍鏈夊嚱鏁頒緷璧栥?</p><p class="main">銆銆璁炬湁鍏崇郴妯″紡R(U)錛孹錛孻錛孼錛學鍧囨槸U鐨勫瓙闆嗭紝F鏄疪涓婂彧娑夊強鍒癠涓睘鎬х殑鍑芥暟渚濊禆闆嗭紝鎺ㄧ悊瑙勫垯濡備笅錛?</p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鑷弽寰?錛氬鏋淵 <img src="http://www.ezikao.com/xjzl/sub/sjkylpsr/note4/UI.GIF" height="17" width="12" />X <img src="http://www.ezikao.com/xjzl/sub/sjkylpsr/note4/UI.GIF" height="17" width="12" />U,鍒橷鈫扽鍦≧涓婃垚绔嬨? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">澧炲箍寰?錛氬鏋淴鈫扽涓篎鎵钑存兜錛孼 <img src="http://www.ezikao.com/xjzl/sub/sjkylpsr/note4/UI.GIF" height="17" width="12" />U錛屽垯XZ鈫扽Z鍦≧涓婃垚绔嬨?XZ琛ㄧずX鈭猌錛屼笅鍚? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">浼犻掑緥 錛氬鏋淴鈫扽鍜孻鈫抁鍦≧涓婃垚绔嬶紝鍒橷鈫抁鍦≧涓婃垚绔嬨?<br /><br /></span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鍚堝茍寰?錛氬鏋淴鈫扽鍜孹鈫抁鎴愮珛錛岄偅涔圶鈫扽Z鎴愮珛銆? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">浼紶閫掑緥 錛氬鏋淴鈫扽鍜學Y鈫抁鎴愮珛錛岄偅涔圵X鈫抁鎴愮珛銆? </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">鍒嗚В寰?錛氬鏋淴鈫扽鍜孼 <img src="http://www.ezikao.com/xjzl/sub/sjkylpsr/note4/UI.GIF" height="17" width="12" />Y鎴愮珛錛岄偅涔圶鈫抁鎴愮珛銆?</li></ul><p class="main"><strong>5銆佸嚱鏁頒緷璧栨帹鐞嗚鍒欑殑瀹屽鎬?</strong>( 璇嗚 ) </p><p class="main">銆銆鍑芥暟渚濊禆鎺ㄧ悊瑙勫垯緋葷粺(鑷弽寰嬨佸騫垮緥鍜屼紶閫掑緥)鏄畬澶囩殑銆傜敱鎺ㄧ悊瑙勫垯鐨勫畬澶囨у彲寰楀埌涓や釜閲嶈緇撹錛?</p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">灞炴ч泦X + 涓殑姣忎釜灞炴錛岄兘鏈塜鈫扐琚獸閫昏緫钑存兜錛屽嵆X + 鏄墍鏈夌敱F閫昏緫钑村惈X鈫扐鐨勫睘鎬鐨勯泦鍚堛? </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">F + 鏄墍鏈夊埄鐢ˋmstrong鎺ㄧ悊瑙勫垯浠嶧瀵煎嚭鐨勫嚱鏁頒緷璧栫殑闆嗗悎 </li></ul><p class="main"><strong>6銆佸嚱鏁頒緷璧栭泦鐨勭瓑浠峰拰瑕嗙洊 </strong>( 璇嗚) </p><p class="main">銆銆鍦ㄥ叧緋繪ā寮廟(U)涓婄殑涓や釜鍑芥暟渚濊禆闆咶鍜孏錛屽鏋?婊¤凍F + =G + 錛屽垯縐癋鍜孏鏄?絳変環 鐨勶紝縐癋鍜孏絳変環涔熺ОF 瑕嗙洊 G鎴朑瑕嗙洊F銆?</p><p class="main">姣忎釜鍑芥暟渚濊禆闆咶閮藉彲浠ヨ涓涓?鍙抽儴鍙湁鍗曞睘鎬х殑鍑芥暟渚濊禆闆?G鎵瑕嗙洊銆?</p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">濡傛灉鍑芥暟渚濊禆闆嗗悎F婊¤凍錛? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(1)F涓瘡涓涓嚱鏁頒緷璧栫殑鍙抽儴閮芥槸鍗曞睘鎬э紱 </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(2)F涓殑浠諱竴鍑芥暟渚濊禆X鈫扐錛屽叾F-{X鈫扐}鏄笉絳変環鐨勶紱 </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(3)F涓殑浠諱竴鍑芥暟渚濊禆X鈫扐錛孼涓篨鐨勫瓙闆嗐?F-{X鈫扐})鈭獅Z鈫扐}涓嶧涓嶇瓑浠楓? </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">鍒欑ОF涓烘渶灝忓嚱鏁頒緷璧栭泦鍚堛?</li></ul><p class="main">濡傛灉鍑芥暟渚濊禆闆咶鍜孏絳変環錛屽茍涓擥鏄渶灝忛泦錛岄偅涔堢ОG鏄疐鐨勪竴涓?鏈灝忚鐩?銆?</p><p class="main"><em>榪欎竴孌靛茍涓嶈姹傛帉鎻℃渶灝忛泦鐨勬眰娉曪紝浣嗘槸搴斿綋閫氳繃鍏舵眰娉曠悊瑙f渶灝忛泦鐨勬蹇?</em>銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>涓夈佸叧緋繪ā寮忕殑鍒嗚В鐗規?</strong></p><p class="main">1銆?<strong>妯″紡鍒嗚В涓瓨鍦ㄧ殑闂 </strong>錛? 璇嗚 ) </p><p class="main">銆銆妯″紡鍒嗚В 灝辨槸灝嗕竴涓硾鍏崇郴妯″紡 R鍒嗚В鎴?鏁版嵁搴撴ā寮徬?錛屼互蟻浠f浛R鐨勮繃紼嬨傚畠涓嶄粎浠呮槸灞炴ч泦鍚堢殑鍒嗚В錛屽畠鏄鍏崇郴妯″紡涓婄殑鍑芥暟渚濊禆闆嗐佷互鍙婂叧緋繪ā寮忕殑褰撳墠鍊煎垎瑙g殑鍏蜂綋琛ㄧ幇銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆鍒嗚В涓涓ā寮忔湁寰堝鏂規硶錛屼絾鏄湁鐨勫垎瑙d細鍑虹幇澶卞幓鍑芥暟渚濊禆銆佹垨鍑虹幇鎻掑叆銆佸垹闄ゅ紓甯哥瓑鎯呭喌錛岃屾湁鐨勫垎瑙e垯涓嶅嚭鐜扮浉鍏抽棶棰樸?</p><p class="main">銆銆琛¢噺涓涓垎瑙g殑鏍囧噯鏈変笁縐嶏細 鍒嗚В鍏鋒湁鏃犳崯鑱旀帴 錛?鍒嗚В瑕佷繚鎸佸嚱鏁頒緷璧?錛涘垎瑙?鏃㈣淇濇寔渚濊禆錛屽張瑕佸叿鏈夋棤鎹熻仈鎺?銆?</p><p class="main">閭d箞浠涔堟槸鏃犳崯鑱旀帴鍛?浠涔堝張鏄繚鎸佷緷璧? </p><p class="main">2銆?<strong>鏃犳崯鑱旀帴鐨勫畾涔夊拰鎬ц川 </strong>( 璇嗚 ) </p><p class="main">銆 銆璁綬鏄竴鍏崇郴妯″紡錛屽垎瑙f垚蟻={R1,R2錛?..,Rk}錛孎鏄疪涓婄殑涓涓嚱鏁頒緷璧栭泦銆傛棤鎹熻仈鎺ュ氨鏄寚R涓瘡涓涓弧瓚矲鐨勫叧緋籸(涔熷氨鏄竴涓叧緋誨疄 渚?閮芥湁r=蟺 R1 (r)|X|蟺 R2 (r)...|X|蟺 R3 (r)錛屽嵆r涓哄畠鍦≧i涓婄殑鎶曞獎鐨勮嚜鐒惰仈鎺ャ?</p><p class="main"><em>銆銆鏈綆鍗曠殑鐞嗚В錛?</em>涔熷氨鏄錛屽垎瑙e悗鐨勫叧緋?鑷劧榪炴帴鍚?瀹屽叏絳変簬 鍒嗚В鍓嶇殑 鍏崇郴錛屽垯榪欎釜鍒嗚В鐩稿浜嶧鏄棤鎹熻仈鎺ュ垎瑙c?</p><p class="main">銆銆璁綬鐨勫垎瑙d負蟻={R1,R2},F涓篟鎵婊¤凍鐨勫嚱鏁頒緷璧栭泦錛屽垯鍒嗚В蟻鍏鋒湁鏃犳崯鑱旀帴鎬х殑 鍏呭垎蹇呰鏉′歡 鏄細 </p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">R1鈭㏑2鈫?R1-R2) </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">R1鈭㏑2鈫?R2-R1) </li></ul><p class="main">銆銆涔熷氨鏄錛屽垎瑙e悗鐨勪袱涓ā寮忕殑浜よ兘鍐沖畾榪欎袱涓ā寮忕殑宸泦錛屽嵆R1銆丷2鐨勫叕鍏卞睘鎬ц兘澶熷嚱鏁板喅瀹歊1鎴朢2涓殑鍏朵粬灞炴?錛岃繖鏍風殑鍒嗚В灝卞繀瀹氭槸鏃犳崯鑱旀帴鍒嗚В 銆?</p><p class="main">3銆?<strong>淇濇寔鍑芥暟渚濊禆鐨勫垎瑙?</strong>( 璇嗚 ) </p><p class="main">銆銆鍦ㄥ垎瑙h繃紼嬩腑錛岃姹傛ā寮忓垎瑙g殑鏃犳崯鑱旀帴鏄繀瑕佺殑錛屽彧鏈夋棤鎹熻仈鎺ュ垎瑙f墠鑳戒繚璇佷換浣曚竴涓叧緋昏兘鐢卞畠鐨勯偅浜涙姇褰辮繘琛岃嚜鐒惰仈鎺ュ緱鍒版仮澶嶃?</p><p class="main">銆銆鍚屾椂錛屽垎瑙e叧緋繪ā寮忔椂榪樺簲淇濊瘉鍏崇郴妯″紡鐨勫嚱鏁頒緷璧栭泦鍦ㄥ垎瑙e悗浠嶅湪鏁版嵁搴撴ā寮忎腑淇濇寔涓嶅彉錛岃繖灝辨槸淇濇寔鍑芥暟渚濊禆鐨勯棶棰樸備篃灝辨槸鎵鏈夊垎瑙e嚭鐨勬ā寮忔墍婊¤凍鐨勫嚱鏁頒緷璧栫殑鍏ㄤ綋搴斿綋絳変環浜庡師妯″紡鐨勫嚱鏁頒緷璧栭泦銆傚彧鏈夎繖鏍鋒墠鑳界‘淇濇暣涓暟鎹簱涓暟鎹殑璇箟瀹屾暣鎬т笉鍙楃牬鍧忋?</p><p class="main"><strong>鍥涖佸叧緋繪ā寮忕殑鑼冨紡( </strong>棰嗕細 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">1銆?NF銆?NF銆?NF銆丅CNF鐨勫畾涔夛細 </p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">1NF錛氱涓鑼冨紡 銆?<br /> 鍗沖叧緋繪ā寮忎腑鐨勫睘鎬х殑 鍊煎煙 涓?姣忎竴涓?閮芥槸 涓嶅彲鍐嶅垎瑙?鐨勫箋傚鏋滄煇涓暟鎹簱妯″紡閮芥槸絎竴鑼冨紡鐨勶紝鍒欑О璇ユ暟鎹簱妯″紡鏄睘浜庣涓鑼冨紡鐨勬暟鎹簱妯″紡銆?/span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">2NF錛氱浜岃寖寮?銆?<br /> 濡傛灉鍏崇郴妯″紡R涓?絎竴鑼冨紡 錛屽茍涓擱涓瘡涓涓?闈炰富灞炴?瀹屽叏鍑芥暟渚濊禆浜?R鐨勬煇涓欓夐敭錛屽垯縐頒負 絎簩鑼冨紡妯″紡 銆?<br /><br /> 鍦ㄨ繖閲岃鍏堜簡瑙b滈潪涓誨睘鎬р濄佲滃畬鍏ㄥ嚱鏁頒緷璧栤濄佲滃欓夐敭鈥濊繖涓変釜鍚嶈瘝鐨勫惈涔夈?<br /> 鍊欓夐敭 灝辨槸鎸囧彲浠ュ敮涓鍐沖畾鍏崇郴妯″紡R涓煇鍏冪粍鍊間笖涓嶅惈鏈夊浣欏睘鎬х殑灞炴ч泦銆?<br /> 闈炰富灞炴?涔熷氨鏄潪閿睘鎬э紝鎸囧叧緋繪ā寮廟涓笉鍖呭惈鍦ㄤ換浣曞緩涓殑灞炴с?<br /> 璁炬湁鍑芥暟渚濊禆W鈫扐錛岃嫢瀛樺湪X <img src="http://51zk.csai.cn/sjkyl/NO00044_%5B.gif" height="17" width="12" />W錛屾湁X鈫扐鎴愮珛錛岄偅涔堢ОW鈫扐鏄眬閮ㄤ緷璧栵紝鍚﹀垯灝辯ОW鈫扐鏄?瀹屽叏鍑芥暟渚濊禆 銆?<br /><em><br /></em>鍦ㄥ垎鏋愭槸鍚︿負絎?鑼冨紡鏃訛紝搴?<em>棣栧厛紜畾 </em>鍊欓夐敭 錛岀劧鍚庢妸鍏崇郴妯″紡涓殑闈炰富灞炴т笌閿殑渚濊禆鍏崇郴榪涜鑰冨療錛屾槸鍚﹂兘涓哄畬鍏ㄥ嚱鏁頒緷璧栵紝濡傛槸錛屽垯姝ゅ叧緋繪ā寮忎負2NF銆傚鏋滄暟鎹簱妯″紡涓瘡涓叧緋繪ā寮忛兘鏄?NF鐨勶紝鍒欐鏁版嵁搴撴ā寮忓睘浜?NF鐨勬暟鎹簱妯″紡銆?<em><br /></em><br /></span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">3NF錛氱涓夎寖寮?銆?<br /> 濡傛灉鍏崇郴妯″紡R鏄?絎簩鑼冨紡 錛屼笖 姣?涓?闈炰富灞炴?閮?涓?浼犻掍緷璧?浜嶳鐨?鍊欓夐敭 錛屽垯縐癛涓虹涓夎寖寮忕殑妯″紡銆?<br /><br /> 榪欓噷棣栧厛瑕佷簡瑙?浼犻掍緷璧?鐨勫惈涔夛細 鍦ㄥ叧緋繪ā寮忎腑錛屽鏋淵鈫扻錛孹鈫扐錛屼笖X涓嶅喅瀹歒鍜孉涓嶅睘浜嶺錛岄偅涔圷鈫扐鏄紶閫掍緷璧栥?<br /><br /> 娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸錛岃繖閲岃姹傞潪涓誨睘鎬ч兘涓嶄紶閫掍緷璧栦簬鍊欓夐敭銆?<br /><br /></span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">BCNF 錛氳繖涓寖寮忓拰絎笁鑼冨紡鏈夎仈緋伙紝瀹冩槸3NF鐨勬敼榪涘艦寮忋傝嫢鍏崇郴妯″紡R鏄?絎竴鑼冨紡 錛屼笖 姣忎釜灞炴?閮?涓?浼犻掍緷璧栦簬R鐨勫欓夐敭銆傝繖縐嶅叧緋繪ā寮忓氨鏄疊CNF妯″紡銆?</span></li></ul><p><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">綰佃鍥涚鑼冨紡錛屽彲浠ュ彂鐜板畠浠箣闂村瓨鍦ㄥ涓嬪叧緋伙細 </span></p><p align="center"><img src="http://51zk.csai.cn/sjkyl/images/NO00044_001.GIF" height="186" width="290" /></p><p class="main">5銆?<strong>鍒嗚В鎴怋CNF妯″紡闆嗙殑綆楁硶( </strong>璇嗚 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">銆銆瀵逛簬浠諱竴鍏崇郴妯″紡錛屽彲鎵懼埌涓涓垎瑙h揪鍒?NF錛屼笖鍏鋒湁鏃犳崯鑱旀帴鍜屼繚鎸佸嚱鏁頒緷璧栨с傝屽浜嶣CNF鍒嗚В錛屽垯鍙互淇濊瘉鏃犳崯鑱旀帴浣嗕笉涓瀹氳兘淇濊瘉淇濇寔鍑芥暟渚濊禆闆嗐?</p><ul><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"> 鏃犳崯鑱旀帴鍒嗚В鎴怋CNF妯″紡闆嗙殑綆楁硶錛? </span><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(1)緗垵鍊枷?{R}; </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(2)濡傛灉蟻涓墍鏈夊叧緋繪ā寮忛兘鏄疊CNF錛屽垯杞?4); </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(3)濡傛灉蟻涓湁涓涓叧緋繪ā寮廠涓嶆槸BCNF錛屽垯S涓繀鑳芥壘鍒頒竴涓嚱鏁頒緷璧栭泦X鈫扐鏈塜涓嶆槸S鐨勯敭錛屼笖A涓嶅睘浜嶺錛岃S 1 =XA錛孲 2 =S-A錛岀敤鍒嗚ВS 1 ,S 2 浠f浛S錛岃漿(2)錛? </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">(4)鍒嗚В緇撴潫銆傝緭鍑合併?</li></ul><p class="main">銆銆鍦ㄨ繖涓繃紼嬩腑錛?<em>閲嶇偣鍦ㄤ簬(3)姝?</em>錛屽垽鏂摢涓叧緋諱笉鏄疊CNF錛屽茍鎵懼埌X鍜孉銆傝繖閲岋紝S鐨勫垽鏂敤BCNF鐨勫畾涔夛紝鑰孹涓嶆槸S鐨勯敭鍒欎緷闈犲垎鏋愩?</p><p class="main">6銆?<strong>鍒嗚В鎴?NF妯″紡闆? </strong>璇嗚 <strong>) </strong></p><ul><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"> 綆楁硶錛? </span><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(1)濡傛灉R涓殑鏌愪簺灞炴у湪F鐨勬墍鏈変緷璧栫殑宸﹁竟鍜屽彸杈歸兘涓嶅嚭鐜幫紝閭d箞榪欎簺灞炴у彲浠ヤ粠R涓垎鍑哄幓錛屽崟鐙瀯鎴愪竴涓叧緋繪ā寮忋? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(2)濡傛灉F涓湁涓涓緷璧朮鈫扐鏈塜A鈫扲錛屽垯蟻={R}錛岃漿(4) </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(3)瀵逛簬F涓瘡涓涓猉鈫扐錛屾瀯鎴愪竴涓叧緋繪ā寮廥A錛屽鏋淔鏈夋湁X鈫扐 1 錛孹鈫扐 2 ...X鈫扐 n ,鍒欏彲浠ョ敤妯″紡XA 1 A 2 ...A n 浠f浛n涓ā寮廥A 1 ,XA 2 ...XA n ; </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">(4)w鍒嗚В緇撴潫錛岃緭鍏ハ併?</li></ul><p class="main">銆銆榪欎釜榪囩▼鐨?<em>閲嶇偣鏄繖涓鍙?</em>鈥滃浜嶧涓瘡涓涓猉鈫扐錛屾瀯鎴愪竴涓叧緋繪ā寮廥A鈥濓紝榪欎嬌鎴戜滑鐨勫垎瑙e崄鍒嗗鏄擄紝鐒跺悗渚濇嵁鍚堝茍寰?鍚堝茍寰嬶細濡傛灉X鈫扽鍜孹鈫抁鎴愮珛錛岄偅涔圶鈫扽Z鎴愮珛)灝嗘湁鍏蟲ā寮忓悎騫跺嵆寰楀埌鎵闇3NF妯″紡銆?</p><p class="main">7銆?<strong>妯″紡璁捐鏂規硶鐨勫師鍒? </strong>璇嗚 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">銆銆鍏崇郴妯″紡R鐩稿浜庡嚱鏁頒緷璧栭泦F鍒嗚В鎴愭暟鎹簱妯″紡蟻={R 1 ,R 2 ...R k }錛屼竴鑸叿鏈変笅闈?鍥涢」鐗規?錛?</p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">蟻涓瘡涓叧緋繪ā寮廟 i 涓婂簲鍏鋒湁鏌愮 鑼冨紡鎬ц川 (3NF鎴朆CNF) </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鏃犳崯鑱旀帴 鎬с? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">淇濇寔鍑芥暟渚濊禆 闆嗐? </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">鏈灝忔?錛屽嵆蟻涓ā寮忎釜鏁板簲鏈灝戜笖妯″紡涓睘鎬ф繪暟搴旀渶灝戙?</li></ul><p class="main">涓涓ソ鐨勬ā寮忚璁℃柟娉曞簲絎﹀悎涓嬪垪涓夋潯鍘熷垯錛?</p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">琛ㄨ揪鎬? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鍒嗙鎬? </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">鏈灝忓啑浣欐?</li></ul><p class="main">8銆佸鍊間緷璧栥傜畝鍗曚簡瑙d竴涓嬨?/p><br /><p class="鏍峰紡2" align="center"><b>絎簲绔?鏁版嵁搴撹璁?/b></p><p></p><p class="main">銆銆涓庝笂涓绔犱笉鍚岋紝鏈珷鐨勫疄鐢ㄦц緝寮猴紝璇︾粏璁茶堪浜嗘暟鎹簱搴旂敤緋葷粺璁捐鐨勫叏榪囩▼銆?閲嶇偣 鏄蹇佃璁′腑 ER妯″瀷鐨勮璁℃柟娉曪紝 閫昏緫璁捐涓?ER妯″瀷鍚戝叧緋繪ā鍨嬬殑杞崲鏂規硶 銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>涓銆佹暟鎹簱璁捐姒傝堪( </strong>璇嗚 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">1銆?杞歡鐢熷瓨鏈?錛氭槸鎸囦粠杞歡鐨勮鍒掋佺爺鍒躲佸疄鐜般佹姇鍏ヨ繍琛屽悗鐨勭淮鎶ゃ佺洿鍒板畠琚柊鐨勮蔣浠舵墍鍙栦唬鑰屽仠姝嬌鐢ㄧ殑鏁翠釜鏈熼棿銆傚畠鍖呮嫭鍏釜闃舵錛? 瑙勯渶璁劇紪璇曡繍緇?) </p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(1)瑙勫垝闃舵 </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(2)闇姹傚垎鏋愰樁孌? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(3)璁捐闃舵 </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(4)紼嬪簭緙栧埗闃舵 </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(5)璋冭瘯闃舵 </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">(6)榪愯緇存姢闃舵 </li></ul><p class="main">2銆佹暟鎹簱緋葷粺鐢熷瓨鏈?</p><p class="main">銆銆鏁版嵁搴撳簲鐢ㄧ郴緇熺殑寮鍙戜篃鏄竴欏硅蔣浠跺伐紼嬶紝縐頒負鏁版嵁搴撳伐紼嬶紝鏁版嵁搴撳簲鐢ㄧ郴緇熶篃鏈夌敓瀛樻湡鐨勬蹇碉紝閫氬父鍖呮嫭涓冧釜闃舵錛?</p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(1)瑙勫垝闃舵 </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(2)闇姹傚垎鏋愰樁孌? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(3)姒傚康璁捐闃舵 </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(4)閫昏緫璁捐闃舵 </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(5)鐗╃悊璁捐闃舵 </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(6)瀹炵幇闃舵 </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">(7)榪愯緇存姢闃舵 </li></ul><p class="main">3銆佹暟鎹簱璁捐鏂規硶瀛?</p><p class="main">銆銆涓涓ソ鐨勬暟鎹簱璁捐鏂規硶搴旇鑳藉湪鍚堢悊鐨勬湡闄愬唴錛屼互鍚堢悊鐨勫伐浣滈噺浜х敓涓涓湁瀹炵敤浠峰肩殑鏁版嵁搴撶粨鏋勩?</p><p class="main">銆銆鏁版嵁搴撳強鍏跺簲鐢ㄧ郴緇熺殑璁捐鍒嗕負浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜闃舵錛氳鍒掋侀渶姹傚垎鏋愩佹蹇佃璁°侀昏緫璁捐銆佺墿鐞嗚璁°?</p><p class="main"><strong>浜屻佽鍒? </strong>璇嗚 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">銆銆鏁版嵁璁捐涓殑瑙勫垝闃舵鐨勪富瑕佷換鍔℃槸榪涜寤虹珛鏁版嵁搴撶殑蹇呰鎬у強鍙фу垎鏋愶紝紜畾鏁版嵁搴撶郴緇熷湪緇勭粐涓拰緇勭粐涓拰淇℃伅緋葷粺涓殑鍦頒綅錛屼互鍙婂悇涓暟鎹簱涔嬮棿鐨勮仈緋匯?</p><p class="main"><strong>涓夈侀渶姹傚垎鏋? </strong>璇嗚 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">銆銆闇姹傚垎鏋愰樁孌靛簲瀵圭郴緇熺殑鏁翠釜搴旂敤鎯呭喌浣滃叏闈㈢殑銆佽緇嗙殑璋冩煡銆佺‘瀹氱敤鎴風殑鐩爣錛屾敹闆嗘敮鎸佺郴緇熸葷殑璁捐鐩爣鐨勫熀紜鏁版嵁鍜屽榪欎簺鏁版嵁鐨勮姹傦紝紜畾鐢ㄦ埛闇姹傦紝騫舵妸榪欎簺瑕佹眰鍐欐垚鐢ㄦ埛鍜屾暟鎹簱璁捐鑰呴兘鑳藉鎺ュ彈鐨勬枃妗c?</p><p class="main">銆銆紜畾鐢ㄦ埛闇姹傚彲浠ラ氳繃瀵逛笉鍚屽眰嬈$殑浼佷笟綆$悊浜哄憳榪涜涓漢璁塊棶寰楀埌銆傝繕搴斾簡瑙g郴緇熷皢鏉ヨ鍙戠敓鐨勫彉鍖栵紝鍏呭垎鑰冭檻緋葷粺鐨勫彲鑳界殑鎵╁厖鍜屽彉鍔紝浣跨郴緇熻璁℃洿絎﹀悎鏈潵鍙戝睍鏂瑰悜銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆闇姹傚垎鏋愮殑姝ラ澶ц嚧鍒嗕負涓夋錛氬嵆 闇姹備俊鎭殑鏀墮泦銆佸垎鏋愭暣鐞嗗拰璇勫銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆鏁版嵁瀛楀吀錛氭槸瀵圭郴緇熶腑鏁版嵁鐨勮灝芥弿榪幫紝瀹冩彁渚涘鏁版嵁搴撴暟鎹弿榪扮殑闆嗕腑綆$悊銆傚畠鍖呭惈浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜閮ㄥ垎錛氭暟鎹」銆佹暟鎹粨鏋勩佹暟鎹祦銆佹暟鎹瓨鍌ㄥ拰鍔犲伐榪囩▼銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>鍥涖佹蹇佃璁? </strong>璇嗚 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">1銆?姒傚康妯″瀷 錛氬彲浠ョ湅鎴愭槸鐜板疄涓栫晫鍒版満鍣ㄤ笘鐣岀殑涓涓繃娓$殑涓棿灞傛銆傚湪璁捐鏁版嵁搴撶郴緇熸椂錛岃鎶婄幇瀹炰笘鐣岀殑浜嬬墿閫氳繃璁よ瘑鍜屾娊璞¤漿鎹負淇℃伅涓栫晫鐨勬蹇墊ā鍨嬶紝鍐嶆妸姒傚康妯″瀷杞崲涓烘満鍣ㄤ笘鐣岀殑鏁版嵁妯″瀷銆?</p><p class="main">2銆?姒傚康璁捐鐨勪富瑕佹楠?錛氬垎涓夋瀹屾垚錛?1)榪涜 鏁版嵁鎶借薄 錛岃璁″眬閮ㄦ蹇墊ā寮忥紱(2)灝嗗眬閮ㄦ蹇墊ā寮?緇煎悎 鎴愬叏灞姒傚康妯″紡錛?3) 璇勫 銆?</p><p class="main">3銆?鏁版嵁鎶借薄 錛氭暟鎹娊璞$殑涓ょ褰㈠紡錛氳仛闆嗗拰姒傛嫭錛?</p><p class="main">銆銆鑱氶泦 錛氬叾鏁板鎰忎箟灝辨槸絎涘崱灝旂Н鐨勬蹇碉紝閫氳繃鑱氶泦錛屽艦鎴愬璞′箣闂寸殑涓涓仈緋誨璞°傚鏈変竴浜涘璞?"鑰佸笀錛岃紼?鐝駭,涓婅鏃墮棿"錛岄氳繃鑱氶泦鍙互寰楀埌涓涓仈緋誨璞?璇劇▼琛?銆傝仛闆嗚〃紺虹殑鏄?is_part_of"鐨勫叧緋匯?</p><p class="main">銆銆姒傛嫭 錛氭槸浠庝竴綾誨叾浠栧璞″艦鎴愪竴涓璞°傚鏈夋鏍戙佹潕鏍戙佹潖鏍戠瓑瀵硅薄錛屾垜浠氳繃姒傛嫭鎴栦互寰楀埌涓涓璞?鏍?銆傛鎷〃紺虹殑鏄?is_a"鐨勫叧緋伙紝濡傗滄潕鏍戔濇槸涓縐嶁滄爲鈥濄?</p><p class="main">4銆佸熀鏈珽R妯″瀷鐨勬墿灞? 棰嗕細 ) </p><p class="main">銆銆ER(瀹炰綋鑱旂郴)妯″瀷 鏄鐜板疄涓栫晫鐨勪竴縐嶆娊璞★紝瀹冪殑涓昏鎴愪喚鏄?瀹炰綋 銆?鑱旂郴 鍜?灞炴?銆備絾鏄湪鐜板疄涓栫晫涓繕鏈変竴浜涚壒孌婄殑璇箟銆傞渶瑕佹墿灞旹R妯″瀷鐨勬蹇墊墠鑳芥洿濂藉湴妯℃嫙鐜板疄涓栫晫銆?</p><p class="main">銆 銆渚濊禆鑱旂郴 錛氬湪鐜板疄涓栫晫涓紝鏈変簺瀹炰綋瀵逛竴鍙︿竴浜涘疄浣撴湁寰堝己鐨勪緷璧栧叧緋伙紝鍗充竴涓疄浣撶殑瀛樺湪蹇呴』浠ュ彟涓瀹炰綋鐨勫瓨鍦ㄤ負鍓嶆彁銆傚墠鑰呭氨縐頒負"寮卞疄浣?錛屽鍦ㄤ漢浜嬬鐞嗙郴緇熶腑錛岃亴 宸ュ瓙濂崇殑淇℃伅灝辨槸浠ヨ亴宸ョ殑瀛樺湪涓哄墠鎻愮殑錛屽瓙濂沖疄浣撴槸寮卞疄浣擄紝瀛愬コ涓庤亴宸ョ殑鑱旂郴鏄竴縐嶄緷璧栬仈緋匯傚湪ER鍥句腑鐢ㄥ弻綰挎琛ㄧず寮卞疄浣撱傜敤綆ご琛ㄧず渚濊禆鑱旂郴銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆瀛愮被 錛氬湪鐜板疄涓紝瀛樺湪鏌愪釜瀹炰綋綾誨瀷涓墍鏈夊疄浣撳悓鏃朵篃鏄彟涓瀹炰綋綾誨瀷涓殑瀹炰綋錛屾鏃訛紝鎴戜滑縐板墠涓瀹炰綋綾誨瀷涓鴻呯殑瀛愮被錛屽悗涓瀹炰綋綾誨瀷縐頒負瓚呯被銆傚瓙綾繪湁涓涓緢閲嶈鐨勬ц川緇ф壙鎬с傚湪ER鍥句腑錛岃秴綾葷敤涓ょ鍙岀嚎妗嗚〃紺猴紝騫剁敤鍔犲湀鐨勭嚎涓庡瓙綾葷浉榪炪?</p><p class="main">5銆丒R妯″瀷鐨勬搷浣? 棰嗕細 ) </p><p class="main">銆銆ER妯″瀷鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱姒傚康璁捐榪囩▼涓粡甯擱渶瑕佽繘琛屽彉鎹紝鍖呮嫭瀹炰綋綾誨瀷銆佽仈緋葷被鍨嬪拰灞炴х殑鍒嗚銆佸悎騫跺拰澧炲垹絳夈?</p><p class="main">銆銆瀹炰綋綾誨瀷鐨勫垎瑁傚寘鎷?鍨傜洿鍒嗗壊 銆佹按騫沖垎鍓?銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆娉ㄦ剰錛氬湪鍨傜洿鍒嗗壊鏃訛紝閿繀欏誨湪鍒嗚鍚庣殑姣忎釜瀹炰綋綾誨瀷涓嚭鐜般傚湪鑱旂郴綾誨瀷鍚堝茍鏃訛紝鎵鍚堝茍鐨勮仈緋葷被鍨嬪繀欏繪槸瀹氫箟鍦ㄧ浉鍚岀殑瀹炰綋綾誨瀷涓?</p><p class="main">6銆?閲囩敤ER鏂規硶鐨勬暟鎹簱姒傚康璁捐( 棰嗕細 ) </p><p class="main">閲囩敤ER鏂規硶榪涜鏁版嵁搴撴蹇佃璁″垎鎴愪笁姝ヨ繘琛岋細 </p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">棣栧厛璁捐灞閮‥R妯″紡 </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">鐒跺悗鎶婂悇灞閮‥R妯″紡緇煎悎鎴愬叏灞ER妯″紡 </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">鏈鍚庡鍏ㄥ眬ER妯″紡榪涜浼樺寲 </li></ul><p class="main"><strong>浜斻侀昏緫璁捐 </strong></p><p class="main">1銆佹蹇佃璁$殑緇撴灉鏄緱鍒頒竴涓笌DBMS鏃犲叧鐨勬蹇墊ā寮忋傝?閫昏緫璁捐 鐨勭洰鐨勬槸鎶婃蹇佃璁¢樁孌佃璁″ソ鐨勫熀鏈?ER鍥捐漿鎹?涓轟笌閫夌敤鐨勫叿浣撴満鍣ㄤ笂鐨凞BMS鎵鏀寔鐨勬暟鎹ā寮忕浉絎﹀悎鐨?閫昏緫緇撴瀯 (鍖呮嫭鏁版嵁搴撴ā寮忓拰澶栨ā寮?銆?</p><br /><p class="鏍峰紡2" align="center"><b>絎叚绔?鏁版嵁搴撲繚鎶?/b></p><p></p><p class="main"> 銆銆鏈珷涓嶆槸閲嶇偣绔犺妭錛屼富瑕佸唴瀹瑰寘鎷暟鎹簱淇濇姢鐨勫洓縐嶆帾鏂斤紝鏁版嵁搴撶殑鎭㈠銆佸茍鍙戞帶鍒躲佸畬鏁存у拰瀹夊叏鎬с備簡瑙h繖浜涘唴瀹瑰強鍏跺湪SQL璇█涓殑瀹炵幇鏂瑰紡銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>涓銆佹暟鎹簱鐨勬仮澶? </strong>棰嗕細 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">1銆?浜嬪姟鐨勬蹇?錛?浜嬪姟鏄竴涓搷浣滃簭鍒?銆傝繖浜涙搷浣滆涔堜粈涔堥兘鍋氾紝瑕佷箞閮戒笉鍋氾紝鏄竴涓?涓嶅彲鍒嗗壊 鐨勫伐浣滃崟浣嶃備簨鍔′互BEGIN TRANSACTION璇彞寮濮嬶紝浠OMMIT(鎻愪氦)璇彞鎴朢OLLBACK(鍥為鎴栨挙娑?璇彞緇撴潫銆?</p><p class="main">涓涓▼搴忕殑鎵ц鍙氳繃鑻ュ共浜嬪姟鐨勬墽琛屽簭鍒楁潵瀹屾垚銆?</p><p class="main">2銆?浜嬪姟鐨勬ц川 錛?鍘熷瓙鎬?(atomicity)銆?涓鑷存?(consistency)銆?闅旂鎬?(isolation)鍜?鎸佷箙鎬?(durability)銆傜О涓轟簨鍔$殑ACID鎬ц川銆?</p><p class="main"><em>閫氳繃鏁欐潗鐨勪緥瀛愭潵鐞嗚В浜嬪姟鐨勬ц川 </em>銆?</p><p class="main">3銆佹晠闅滅被鍨嬪拰鎭㈠鏂規硶 </p><p align="center"><img src="http://51zk.csai.cn/sjkyl/images/NO00046_001.GIF" height="93" width="528" /></p><p class="main">4銆佹仮澶嶇殑鍩烘湰鍘熷垯鍜屽疄鐜版柟娉?</p><p class="main">銆銆鎭㈠鐨勫熀鏈師鍒?寰堢畝鍗曪紝灝辨槸鈥?鍐椾綑 鈥濓紝鍗蟲暟鎹殑閲嶅瀛樺偍 銆?</p><ul><span id="hvzpftn" class="main"> 瀹炵幇鏂規硶鏈夛細 </span><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(1)瀹氭湡瀵規暟鎹簱榪涜 澶嶅埗 鎴栬漿鍌?dump)銆傛敞鎰忓嚑涓蹇碉細闈欐佽漿鍌ㄣ佸姩鎬佽漿鍌ㄣ佹搗閲忚漿鍌ㄥ拰澧為噺杞偍銆? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(2)寤虹珛鈥?鏃ュ織 鈥濇枃浠躲? </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">(3) 鎭㈠ 銆傚彂鐢熸晠闅滄椂鏈変袱縐嶅鐞嗘柟娉曪紝濡傛暟鎹簱宸茬牬鍧忥紝鍒欑敱DBA瑁呭叆鏈榪戝浠界殑鏁版嵁搴撶劧鍚庡埄鐢?鏃ュ織鏂囦歡"鎵цREDO(閲嶅仛)鎿嶄綔銆傚鏁版嵁搴撴湭琚崯鍧忥紝浣嗘煇浜涙暟鎹笉鍙潬錛屽垯緋葷粺浼氳嚜鍔ㄦ墽琛孶NDO鎿嶄綔鎭㈠鏁版嵁銆?</li></ul><p class="main">5銆?榪愯璁板綍浼樺厛鍘熷垯 (鍗?鍏堣褰曪紝鍐嶆洿鏂幫紝鍏堣瀹岋紝鍐嶇粨鏉?) </p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(1)鑷沖皯瑕佺瓑鐩稿簲鐨勮繍琛岃褰曞凡緇忓啓鍏モ滄棩蹇椻濇枃浠跺悗錛屾墠鑳藉厑璁鎬簨鍔″線鏁版嵁搴撳湪鍐欐暟鎹? </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">(2)鐩村埌浜嬪姟鐨勬墍鏈夎繍琛岃褰曢兘宸插啓鍏ヨ繍琛屸滄棩蹇椻濇枃浠跺悗錛屾墠鑳藉厑璁鎬簨鍔″畬鎴愨淓ND TRANSACTION鈥濆鐞嗐?</li></ul><p class="main">6銆丼QL涓殑鎭㈠鎿嶄綔,鍙笂鏈鴻瀵熴?</p><p class="main"><strong>浜屻佹暟鎹簱鐨勫茍鍙戞帶鍒? </strong>棰嗕細 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">1銆佸茍鍙戞帶鍒跺甫鏉ョ殑涓夌被闂錛?</p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(1)涓㈠け鏇存柊鐨勯棶棰? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(2)涓嶄竴鑷村垎鏋愰棶棰? </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">(3)鈥滆剰鏁版嵁鈥濈殑璇誨嚭銆?鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱鎶鏈腑錛屾湭鎻愪氦鐨勯殢鍚庡張琚挙娑堢殑鏁版嵁涓衡滆剰鏁版嵁鈥濄? </li></ul><p class="main">2銆佷負瑙e喅騫跺彂鎺у埗甯︽潵鐨勯棶棰橈紝閫氬父瑕侀噰鐢?灝侀攣 (locking)鎶鏈紝甯哥敤鐨勫皝閿佹湁錛氭帓瀹冨瀷灝侀攣( X灝侀攣) 鍜屽叡浜瀷灝侀攣( S灝侀攣 )涓ょ銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆X灝侀攣鐨勮鍒欑О涓?PX鍗忚 錛屽叾鍐呭涓猴細浠諱綍浼佸浘鏇存柊璁板綍R鐨勪簨鍔″繀欏誨厛鎵цLOCK X(R)鎿嶄綔錛屼互鑾峰緱瀵硅璁板綍榪涜瀵誨潃鐨勮兘鍔涳紝騫跺瀹冨彇寰梄灝侀攣銆傚鏋滄湭鑾峰緱X灝侀攣錛岄偅涔堣繖涓簨鍔¤繘鍏ョ瓑寰呯姸鎬侊紝涓鐩村埌鑾峰噯X灝侀攣錛屼簨鍔$戶緇繘琛屻?</p><p class="main">銆銆綆璁頒負錛?鍏堥攣X錛屽啀鎵ц錛屽彇涓嶅埌錛屽氨絳夊緟銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆PXC鍗忚 錛氬畠鐢盤X鍗忚鍙婁竴鏉¤鍒?X灝侀攣蹇呴』淇濈暀鍒?浜嬪姟緇堢偣 (COMMIT鎴朢OLLBACK)"緇勬垚銆?</p><p class="main">銆 銆S灝侀攣鐨勮鍒欑О涓?PS鍗忚 錛氬叾鍐呭涓猴細浠諱綍瑕佹洿鏂拌褰昍鐨勪簨鍔″繀欏誨厛鎵цLOCK S(R)鎿嶄綔錛屼互鑾峰緱瀵硅璁板綍瀵誨潃鐨勮兘鍔涘茍瀵瑰畠鍙栧緱S灝侀攣銆傚鏋滄湭鑾峰噯S灝侀攣錛岄偅涔堣繖涓簨鍔¤繘鍏ョ瓑寰呯姸鎬侊紝涓鐩村埌鑾峰噯S灝侀攣錛屼簨鍔℃墠緇х畫榪涜涓嬪幓銆傚綋浜嬪姟 鑾峰噯瀵硅褰昍鐨勮灝侀攣鍚庯紝鍦ㄨ褰昍淇敼鍓嶅繀欏繪妸S灝侀攣鍗囩駭涓篨灝侀攣銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆綆璁頒負錛?鍏堥攣S錛屽啀鎵ц錛岄攣涓嶅埌錛屽氨絳夊緟錛岃嫢瑕佷慨鏀瑰垯鍗嘪 銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆PSC鍗忚錛氱敱PS鍗忚鍜屸滃皢S灝侀攣淇濇寔鍒頒簨鍔$粓鐐光濈粍鎴愩?</p><p class="main">3銆?媧婚攣 錛氭槸鎸囨煇涓簨鍔℃案榪滃浜庣瓑寰呯姸鎬侊紝寰椾笉鍒版墽琛岀殑鐜拌薄銆傞伩鍏嶆椿閿佺殑鏂規硶鏄噰鐢ㄢ滃厛鏉ュ厛鏈嶅姟鈥濈瓥鐣ャ?</p><p class="main">銆銆姝婚攣 錛氭湁涓や釜鎴栦互涓婄殑浜嬪姟澶勪簬絳夊緟鐘舵侊紝姣忎釜浜嬪姟閮藉湪絳夊緟鍙︿竴涓簨鍔¤В闄ゅ皝閿侊紝瀹冩墠鑳界戶緇墽琛屼笅鍘伙紝緇撴灉浠諱綍涓涓簨鍔¢兘鏃犳硶鎵ц錛岃繖縐嶇幇璞″氨鏄閿併?</p><p class="main">銆銆瑙i櫎姝婚攣鐨勬柟娉曟槸鐢盌BMS涓殑鈥滄閿佹祴璇曠▼搴忊濇潵媯鏌ワ紝濡傚彂鐜版閿佸垯鐗虹壊涓涓簨鍔★紝騫跺仛鍥為鎿嶄綔,瑙i櫎瀹冪殑鎵鏈夊皝閿併?</p><p class="main">4銆?涓ゆ灝侀攣娉?( 璇嗚 ) </p><p class="main">銆銆涓ゆ灝侀攣鍗忚瑙勫畾鎵鏈変簨鍔¢兘瑕侀伒瀹堜笅鍒楄鍒欙細(1)鍦ㄥ浠諱綍鏁版嵁榪涜璇誨啓鎿嶄綔涔嬪墠錛屼簨鍔¢鍏堣鑾峰緱瀵硅鏁版嵁鐨勫皝閿侊紱(2)鍦ㄩ噴鏀句竴涓皝閿佷箣鍚庯紝浜嬪姟涓嶅啀鑾峰緱浠諱綍鍏朵粬灝侀攣銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆閽堝璇炬湰鐨勪緥瀛愭潵鐞嗚В銆?</p><p class="main"><strong>涓夈佹暟鎹簱鐨勫畬鏁存? </strong>棰嗕細 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">1銆佹暟鎹簱鐨?瀹屾暣鎬?鏄寚鏁版嵁鐨?姝g‘鎬у拰鐩稿鎬?銆傛暟鎹簱涓暟鎹彂鐢熼敊璇紝寰寰鏄敱闈炴硶鏇存柊寮曡搗鐨勩?</p><p class="main">鏁版嵁搴撳畬鏁存ф槸閫氳繃DBMS鐨?瀹屾暣鎬у瓙緋葷粺 瀹炵幇鐨勶紝瀹冩湁涓や釜鍔熻兘錛?</p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">(1)鐩戠潱浜嬪姟鐨勬墽琛岋紝騫舵祴璇曟槸鍚﹁繚鍙嶅畬鏁存ц鍒欍? </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">(2)濡傛湁榪濆弽錛屽垯閲囧彇鎭板綋鐨勬搷浣滐紝濡傛嫆緇濄佹姤鍛婅繚鍙嶆儏鍐碉紝鏀規閿欒絳夋柟娉曡繘琛屽鐞嗐?<br /></li></ul><p class="main">銆銆鏁版嵁搴撳畬鏁存у瓙緋葷粺 鏄牴鎹?瀹屾暣鎬ц鍒欓泦 鈥?宸ヤ綔鐨勶紝榪欎簺瀹屾暣鎬ц鍒欏寘鎷細 鍩?瀹屾暣鎬ц鍒欍?鍩熻仈緋?鐨勮鍒欍?鍏崇郴瀹屾暣鎬?瑙勫垯(涓涓瘮涓涓ぇ) </p><p class="main">2銆丼QL涓殑瀹屾暣鎬х害鏉?</p><p class="main">銆銆鍦⊿QL涓紝琛ㄨ揪瀹屾暣鎬х害鏉熺殑瑙勫垯鏈?涓婚敭綰︽潫 銆?澶栭敭綰︽潫 銆?灞炴у肩害鏉?鍜?鍏ㄥ眬綰︽潫絳?澶氱褰㈠紡銆?</p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">涓婚敭綰︽潫錛氬彲鐢ㄤ富閿瓙鍙ユ垨涓婚敭鐭 PRIMARY KEY 鏉ュ畾涔夈? </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">澶栭敭綰︽潫錛氬彲鐢ㄥ閿瓙鍙ユ潵瀹氫箟濡?FOREIGN KEY (S#) REFERNCE S(S#) </span></li><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">灞炴у肩害鏉燂細鍖呮嫭闈炵┖鍊肩害鏉? NOT NULL )鍜屽熀浜庡睘鎬х殑媯鏌ュ瓙鍙? CHECK ) 鍙婂煙綰︽潫瀛愬彞 濡?CREAT DOMAIN AGE SMALLINT CHECK (&#118alue>10) </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">鍏ㄥ眬綰︽潫錛氬寘鎷熀浜庡厓緇勭殑媯鏌ュ瓙鍙? CHECK )鍜屾柇璦( CREATE ASSERTION 鏂█鍚?CHECK 鏉′歡)銆?</li></ul><p class="main"><strong>鍥涖佹暟鎹簱鐨勫畨鍏ㄦ? </strong>璇嗚 <strong>) </strong></p><p class="main">鏁版嵁搴撶殑瀹夊叏鎬ф槸鎸囦繚鎶ゆ暟鎹簱闃叉涓嶅悎娉曠殑浣跨敤錛屼互鍏嶆暟鎹殑娉勬紡銆侀潪娉曟洿鏀瑰拰鐮村潖銆?</p><p class="main">1銆佸畨鍏ㄦх駭鍒細鍖呮嫭 鐜綰?銆?鑱屽憳綰?銆?OS綰?銆?緗戠粶綰?鍜?鏁版嵁搴撶郴緇熺駭 銆?</p><p class="main">2銆佺敤鎴鋒垨搴旂敤紼嬪簭 浣跨敤鏁版嵁搴撶殑鏂瑰紡縐頒負鏉冮檺 錛屾潈闄愮殑縐嶇被錛?</p><ul><li><span id="hvzpftn" class="main">璁塊棶鏁版嵁鏉冮檺錛?璇匯佹彃鍏ャ佷慨鏀廣佸垹闄?鍥涚 </span></li><li id="hvzpftn" class="main">淇敼鏁版嵁搴撴ā寮忔潈闄愶細 绱㈠紩 (鍒涘緩鎴栧垹闄ょ儲寮?銆?璧勬簮 (鍒涘緩鏂板叧緋?銆?淇敼 (澧炲垹鍏崇郴緇撴瀯灞炴?鍜?鎾ゆ秷鏉冮檺 (鎾ゆ秷鍏崇郴) </li></ul><p class="main">3銆佹潈闄愮殑杞巿涓庡洖鏀訛細鐢諱竴涓?鏉冮檺鍥?錛屽彧瑕佹牴緇撶偣鍒扮敤鎴風粨鐐逛箣闂村瓨鍦ㄤ竴鏉?璺緞 錛岄偅涔堝畠灝辨湁鏉冮檺錛屽洖鏀舵椂灝辨槸鍒犲幓鏌愪簺璺緞銆?</p><p class="main">4銆丼QL涓殑瀹夊叏鎬ф帶鍒?</p><p class="main">銆銆SQL涓湁涓や釜瀹夊叏鏈哄埗錛氫竴鏄?瑙嗗浘鏈哄埗 銆佷簩鏄?鎺堟潈瀛愮郴緇?銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆瑙嗗浘鏄粠涓涓垨鍑犱釜 鍩烘湰琛?瀵煎嚭鐨勮〃錛屾槸 铏氳〃 錛岃鍥懼畾涔夊悗鍙互鍍忓熀鏈〃涓鏍風敤浜庢煡璇㈠拰鍒犻櫎錛屼絾鍏?鏇存柊鎿嶄綔(澧炪佸垹銆佹敼) 浼氬彈鍒伴檺鍒躲?</p><p class="main">銆銆瑙嗗浘鏈哄埗 鎶婄敤鎴峰彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄧ殑鏁版嵁瀹氫箟鍦ㄨ鍥句腑錛岃繖鏍風敤鎴峰氨涓嶈兘浣跨敤瑙嗗浘瀹氫箟澶栫殑鍏朵粬鏁版嵁錛屼粠鑰屼繚璇佷簡鏁版嵁搴撶殑瀹夊叏鎬с傝鍥炬満鍒朵嬌緋葷粺鍏鋒湁 涓変釜浼樼偣 錛?鏁版嵁瀹夊叏鎬?銆?鏁版嵁鐙珛鎬?鍜?鎿嶄綔綆渚挎?銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆鎺堟潈鏈哄埗 鍙互淇濊瘉鐢ㄦ埛鍙兘榪涜鍏舵潈闄愯寖鍥村唴鐨勬搷浣溿?</p><p class="main">6銆佹暟鎹姞瀵嗗彲鏇村ソ鍦頒繚璇佹暟鎹簱涓暟鎹殑瀹夊叏鎬э紝閲囩敤鍔犲瘑綆楁硶緇欐妸婧愭枃鍙樹負瀵嗘枃鏉ュ疄鐜般傚父鐢ㄧ殑鍔犲瘑綆楁硶鏈夆?鏇挎崲鏂規硶 鈥濆拰 鏄庨敭鍔犲瘑娉?銆?</p><p class="main">銆銆鍚屾椂錛屼負淇濊瘉鏁版嵁搴撶殑瀹夊叏錛屼篃搴旀敞鎰忚嚜鐒剁幆澧冪殑瀹夊叏鎬с?</p><br /><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/aggbug/7721.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/" target="_blank">TanZek</a> 2006-05-27 10:22 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/7721.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>鍥藉澶у閮ㄥ垎鐜扮敤鏁欐潗鍙婃暀瀛﹀弬鑰冧功http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/1903.htmlTanZekTanZekTue, 20 Dec 2005 07:49:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/1903.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/1903.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/1903.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/commentRss/1903.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/services/trackbacks/1903.html闃呰鍏ㄦ枃

TanZek 2005-12-20 15:49 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
閫掑綊妯″瀷涓庨掑綊綆楁硶鐨勮璁?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/1381.html</link><dc:creator>TanZek</dc:creator><author>TanZek</author><pubDate>Mon, 28 Nov 2005 16:28:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/1381.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/1381.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/1381.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/commentRss/1381.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/services/trackbacks/1381.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<P><STRONG>閫掑綊妯″瀷<BR><BR></STRONG>涓鑸敱<STRONG>閫掑綊鍑哄彛</STRONG>鍜?STRONG>閫掑綊浣?/STRONG>涓ら儴鍒嗙粍鎴愶紝鍓嶈呯‘瀹氶掑綊鍒頒綍鏃朵負姝紝鍚庤呯‘瀹氶掑綊鐨勬柟寮忋?BR><BR><STRONG>閫掑綊鍑哄彛</STRONG>鐨勪竴鑸牸寮忎負錛?BR>            f(s<SUB>0</SUB>)=m<SUB>0</SUB><BR>榪欓噷s<SUB>0</SUB>涓巑<SUB>0</SUB>鍧囦負甯擱噺錛屾湁浜涢掑綊闂鍙兘鏈夊涓掑綊鍑哄彛銆?BR><BR><STRONG>閫掑綊浣?/STRONG>涓鑸牸寮忎負錛?BR>            f(s)=g(f(s<SUB>1</SUB>),f(s<SUB>2</SUB>),鈥︹?f(s<SUB>n</SUB>),c<SUB>1</SUB>,c<SUB>2</SUB>,鈥︹?c<SUB>m</SUB>)<BR>榪欐槸S鏄竴涓掑綊澶ч棶棰橈紝s<SUB>1</SUB>,s<SUB>2</SUB>,鈥︹?s<SUB>n</SUB>涓洪掑綊灝忛棶棰橈紝c<SUB>1</SUB>,c<SUB>2</SUB>,鈥︹?c<SUB>m</SUB>鏄嫢騫蹭釜鍙互鐩存帴瑙e喅鐨勯棶棰樸俫涓洪掑綊鍑芥暟錛屽弽鏄犱簡閫掑綊闂鐨勭粨鏋勩?BR><BR>閫掑綊璁捐鐨勬楠わ細<BR>1.   瀵瑰師闂f(s)榪涜鍒嗘瀽錛屽亣璁懼嚭鍚堢悊鐨勮緝灝忛棶棰榝(s')銆?BR>2.   鍋囪f(s')鏄彲瑙g殑錛屽茍鍦ㄦ鍩虹涓婄‘瀹歠(s)鐨勮В錛屽嵆緇欏嚭f(s)涓巉(s')涔嬮棿鐨勫叧緋匯?BR>3.   紜畾涓涓壒瀹氭儏鍐碉紙濡俧(1)鎴杅(0)錛夌殑瑙o紝浣滀負閫掑綊鍑哄彛銆?/P><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/aggbug/1381.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/" target="_blank">TanZek</a> 2005-11-29 00:28 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/1381.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>鎺掑垪闂http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/1380.htmlTanZekTanZekMon, 28 Nov 2005 16:08:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/1380.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/1380.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/articles/1380.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/comments/commentRss/1380.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/urgentmind/services/trackbacks/1380.html鎺掑垪闂鏈鍒濆嚭鐜板湪璁℃暟涓紝浠婃棩瀛︿範銆婄鏁f暟瀛︾粨鏋勩嬶紝鍙戠幇瀹氫箟绔熸簮浜庢縐戙?/FONT>

鐢?SPAN lang=EN-US>A鍒?SPAN lang=EN-US>A鐨勪竴涓弻灝勭О涓?SPAN lang=EN-US>A鐨勪竴涓帓鍒楋紙permutation錛夈?/SPAN>
濡傛灉A={a1,a2,鈥︹?an}鏄湁闄愰泦錛?SPAN lang=EN-US>p鏄?SPAN lang=EN-US>A涓婄殑鍙屽皠錛屽彲浠ョ敤鍙︿竴縐嶆柟寮忚〃紺鴻繖涓弻灝勶紝鎶?SPAN lang=EN-US>A鐨?SPAN lang=EN-US>n涓厓绱?SPAN lang=EN-US>a1,a2,鈥︹?an鍜屽搴旂殑n涓嚱鏁板?SPAN lang=EN-US>p(a1),p(a2),鈥︹?p(an)鎺掓垚涓よ錛屽涓嬫墍紺恒?BR>equation.bmp
A涓厓绱犵殑n涓嚱鏁板?SPAN lang=EN-US>p(a1),p(a2),鈥︹?p(an)鐨勫簭鍒楋紝瀹為檯鏄疉涓厓绱犵殑閲嶆柊鎺掑垪銆?BR>錛堣繖鏄竴縐嶆柊鐨勬柟寮忚〃紺哄弻灝勩傛敞鎰忓姣斿叧緋葷殑鏈夊簭瀵硅〃紺哄艦寮忥紝涓庡嚱鏁拌〃紺哄艦寮忋傦級

錛堟湭瀹岋紝寰呯畫錛?/SPAN>



TanZek 2005-11-29 00:08 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
青青草原综合久久大伊人导航_色综合久久天天综合_日日噜噜夜夜狠狠久久丁香五月_热久久这里只有精品
  • <ins id="pjuwb"></ins>
    <blockquote id="pjuwb"><pre id="pjuwb"></pre></blockquote>
    <noscript id="pjuwb"></noscript>
          <sup id="pjuwb"><pre id="pjuwb"></pre></sup>
            <dd id="pjuwb"></dd>
            <abbr id="pjuwb"></abbr>
            狠狠色狠狠色综合| 久热精品视频在线| 久久亚洲视频| 亚洲欧美日韩爽爽影院| 欧美成人免费小视频| 久久午夜色播影院免费高清| 欧美日韩一区在线观看视频| 欧美福利视频网站| 国产综合一区二区| 午夜精品久久久久久久99水蜜桃| 一本久久a久久免费精品不卡| 久久婷婷国产麻豆91天堂| 欧美一区二区三区四区在线| 欧美特黄一级大片| 亚洲另类一区二区| 夜夜夜精品看看| 欧美高清视频一区二区三区在线观看| 狼狼综合久久久久综合网| 国产欧美一区二区三区久久| 中文精品视频一区二区在线观看| 一区二区久久久久| 欧美激情精品久久久久久大尺度 | 亚洲精品国产系列| 亚洲高清在线观看一区| 久久精品男女| 久久亚洲精品一区二区| 黄色成人精品网站| 久久精品二区三区| 久热精品在线视频| 激情欧美日韩| 美女诱惑黄网站一区| 欧美成ee人免费视频| 亚洲激情在线观看视频免费| 欧美99久久| 日韩午夜中文字幕| 香蕉久久夜色精品国产使用方法| 国产精品亚洲一区二区三区在线| 亚洲一区二区在线观看视频| 欧美在线免费观看| 狠狠狠色丁香婷婷综合久久五月| 久久国产精品99精品国产| 久久综合一区| 亚洲精选一区| 欧美性大战xxxxx久久久| 亚洲女人天堂av| 米奇777在线欧美播放| 日韩视频在线永久播放| 国产精品a久久久久| 欧美在线免费观看亚洲| 欧美国产高清| 亚洲一区在线观看免费观看电影高清| 国产精品久久波多野结衣| 久久成人精品视频| 日韩视频免费| 久久精品官网| 亚洲精品日韩久久| 国产精品国产三级国产aⅴ浪潮 | 国产精品一区二区黑丝| 久久国产视频网| 亚洲精品少妇30p| 午夜久久资源| 亚洲精品在线看| 国产精品有限公司| 欧美成人精品| 性感少妇一区| 亚洲激情中文1区| 欧美一区二区三区免费看| 在线播放中文字幕一区| 欧美日韩激情网| 久久九九99| 亚洲综合日韩在线| 亚洲国产成人tv| 久久精品人人做人人爽电影蜜月| 亚洲日本va午夜在线电影| 国产一区二区久久| 欧美视频在线播放| 美女视频网站黄色亚洲| 亚洲一区久久| 亚洲国产高清高潮精品美女| 欧美制服丝袜| 亚洲午夜羞羞片| 亚洲精品国产视频| 好吊视频一区二区三区四区 | 亚洲精品女人| 在线免费一区三区| 国产一区二区日韩精品欧美精品 | 国产精品你懂的在线| 欧美韩日视频| 久久午夜av| 久久国产黑丝| 午夜亚洲视频| 亚洲中字黄色| 亚洲视频综合在线| 日韩小视频在线观看专区| 欧美国产欧美亚洲国产日韩mv天天看完整| 亚洲专区免费| 亚洲综合导航| 亚洲一区二区三区四区中文 | 亚洲日本在线观看| 亚洲黄色天堂| 亚洲黄网站在线观看| 欧美国产先锋| 亚洲国产成人tv| 91久久精品一区| 亚洲激情网址| 一本色道久久88综合日韩精品| 亚洲国产一区二区在线| 亚洲国产成人久久综合| 亚洲电影一级黄| 最新国产の精品合集bt伙计| 亚洲国产高潮在线观看| 亚洲国产精品免费| 亚洲精品一区二区三区在线观看| 亚洲国产精品精华液2区45| 亚洲国产二区| 日韩系列欧美系列| 亚洲综合色婷婷| 欧美一级网站| 久久综合99re88久久爱| 欧美国产另类| 国产精品videosex极品| 国产精品网站视频| 狠狠干综合网| 亚洲免费大片| 午夜精品久久久久久久久久久久久| 午夜精品久久久久久久99水蜜桃| 欧美在线播放视频| 欧美成年视频| 99精品欧美| 欧美一二三区在线观看| 久久久久一区二区| 欧美日韩欧美一区二区| 国产欧美日韩不卡| 亚洲国产一区视频| 亚洲一区二区3| 久久久午夜精品| 亚洲人成网在线播放| 亚洲欧美日韩在线不卡| 久久夜色精品亚洲噜噜国产mv | 欧美福利视频在线| 国产精品久久网站| 黄色另类av| 亚洲视频电影在线| 另类成人小视频在线| 亚洲国内自拍| 久久xxxx精品视频| 欧美精品在线一区| 国产亚洲一区二区三区| 一本色道久久88综合日韩精品| 欧美亚洲一区在线| 亚洲日本在线视频观看| 欧美一区二区三区啪啪| 欧美理论电影在线播放| 国产亚洲精品久久久| 在线亚洲高清视频| 久久综合给合久久狠狠色| 99成人精品| 欧美成人亚洲| 黄色一区二区在线| 香蕉久久精品日日躁夜夜躁| 亚洲经典在线| 久久久国产一区二区三区| 欧美视频一区二区三区…| 亚洲国产欧美一区二区三区久久| 欧美影院成人| 一区二区三区av| 欧美成人精品激情在线观看| 国内精品伊人久久久久av一坑| 亚洲一区不卡| 亚洲美女在线看| 免费亚洲视频| 在线播放中文一区| 久久久综合香蕉尹人综合网| 亚洲一区在线免费| 国产精品videossex久久发布| 亚洲精品久久视频| 欧美大片网址| 久久久国产午夜精品| 国产亚洲欧洲| 久久精品亚洲一区| 亚洲欧美伊人| 国产精品自拍在线| 午夜精品久久久| 亚洲资源在线观看| 国产精品久久久久久亚洲调教 | 欧美中文在线免费| 亚洲婷婷综合色高清在线| 欧美日韩免费在线观看| 99re6热只有精品免费观看 | 国产精品久久久久久久久久尿 | 亚洲欧洲日本在线| 欧美激情第三页| 另类亚洲自拍| 最新中文字幕一区二区三区| 欧美成人精品在线| 欧美a一区二区| 一二三四社区欧美黄| 夜夜嗨av一区二区三区四季av| 欧美视频不卡| 午夜精品理论片|