�??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>&#27431;&#32654;&#25104;&#20154;&#22235;&#32423;&#30005;&#24433;&#44;&#27431;&#32654;&#35270;&#39057;&#22312;&#32447;&#19981;&#21345;&#44;&#27431;&#32654;&#22312;&#32447;&#19981;&#21345;</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/category/11102.html</link><description /><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Mon, 12 Mar 2012 04:54:21 GMT</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Mon, 12 Mar 2012 04:54:21 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title>转移到github</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2012/02/29/move-to-octopress.html</link><dc:creator>skyscribe</dc:creator><author>skyscribe</author><pubDate>Wed, 29 Feb 2012 14:52:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2012/02/29/move-to-octopress.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/166817.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2012/02/29/move-to-octopress.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/commentRss/166817.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/services/trackbacks/166817.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[接触�?ji��n)octopress之后�Q�才发现真的是神器；用vim写东西然后rake generate;rake deploy;的方式就是好啊�?br />
<br />
感兴���的��L(f��ng)���?
<a target="_blank" >http://skyscribe.github.com</a>
<img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/aggbug/166817.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/" target="_blank">skyscribe</a> 2012-02-29 22:52 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2012/02/29/move-to-octopress.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>ruby学习(f��n)�W�记《二�?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2012/02/19/ruby-study-1.html</link><dc:creator>skyscribe</dc:creator><author>skyscribe</author><pubDate>Sun, 19 Feb 2012 11:29:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2012/02/19/ruby-study-1.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/165993.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2012/02/19/ruby-study-1.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/commentRss/165993.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/services/trackbacks/165993.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[ruby的blocks和closure�Ҏ(gu��)��明显有别于其它的语�a��Q�其closure本��n是real closure�Q�所�l�定的context是共享的而非copy�Q�其设计思�\和lisp的相同；blocks本��n则可以用于实现closure。二者的关系如下所�q?�Q?a >来源</a>�Q?br />
<blockquote><br />
<div><strong>Yukihiro Matsumoto</strong>: You can reconvert a closure back into a block, so a closure can be used anywhere a block can be used. Often, closures are used to store the status of a block into an instance variable, because once you convert a block into a closure, it is an object that can by referenced by a variable. And of course closures can be used like they are used in other languages, such as passing around the object to customize behavior of methods. If you want to pass some code to customize a method, you can of course just pass a block. But if you want to pass the same code to more than two methods -- this is a very rare case, but if you really want to do that -- you can convert the block into a closure, and pass that same closure object to multiple methods.<br />
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>
<ul>
     <li>
     <h2>7�U�结�?/h2>
     </li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<ul>
     <li>block方式3�U?/li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<ul>
     <li>隐式传入�Q�内部用yield调用</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>&nbsp;&nbsp;
<div style="background-color:#eeeeee;font-size:13px;border:1px solid #CCCCCC;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 4px;padding-left: 4px;padding-top: 4px;width: 98%;word-break:break-all"><!--<br />
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--><span style="color: #0000FF; ">def</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;thrice<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000FF; ">yield</span><span style="color: #000000; "><br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000FF; ">yield</span><span style="color: #000000; "><br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000FF; ">yield</span><span style="color: #000000; "><br />
end<br />
<br />
x</span><span style="color: #000000; ">=</span><span style="color: #000000; ">1</span><span style="color: #000000; "><br />
thrice&nbsp;{x</span><span style="color: #000000; ">+=</span><span style="color: #000000; ">2</span><span style="color: #000000; ">}</span></div>
<span style="color: #000000; "></span></div>
</blockquote>
<ul>
     <li>&amp;block参数传入�Q�内部直接操�?amp;block</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<div style="background-color:#eeeeee;font-size:13px;border:1px solid #CCCCCC;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 4px;padding-left: 4px;padding-top: 4px;width: 98%;word-break:break-all"><!--<br />
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--><span style="color: #0000FF; ">def</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;six_times(</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&amp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">block)<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;thrice(</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&amp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">block)<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;thrice(</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&amp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">block)<br />
end<br />
&nbsp;<br />
x&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">=</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">4</span><span style="color: #000000; "><br />
six_times&nbsp;{&nbsp;x&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">+=</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">10</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;}</span></div>
</blockquote>
<ul>
     <li>&amp;block传入�Q�保存block为变量，然后调用block.call</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<div style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-size: 13px; border: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 4px 5px 4px 4px; width: 98%;"><!--<br />
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--><span style="color: #0000FF; ">def</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;save_for_later(</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&amp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">b)<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;@saved&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">=</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;b&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #008000; ">#</span><span style="color: #008000; ">&nbsp;Note:&nbsp;no&nbsp;ampersand!&nbsp;This&nbsp;turns&nbsp;a&nbsp;block&nbsp;into&nbsp;a&nbsp;closure&nbsp;of&nbsp;sorts.</span><span style="color: #008000; "><br />
</span><span style="color: #000000; ">end<br />
&nbsp;<br />
save_for_later&nbsp;{&nbsp;puts&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #800000; ">"</span><span style="color: #800000; ">Hello!</span><span style="color: #800000; ">"</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;}<br />
puts&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #800000; ">"</span><span style="color: #800000; ">Deferred&nbsp;execution&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;block:</span><span style="color: #800000; ">"</span><span style="color: #000000;"><br />
@saved.call<br />
@saved.call<br />
</span></div>
</blockquote><blockquote>�q�里的saved保存?sh��)��main对象的一个成员，后边实现延迟调用�?br />
</blockquote></blockquote>
<ul>
     <li>Proc.new/proc</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<div style="background-color:#eeeeee;font-size:13px;border:1px solid #CCCCCC;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 4px;padding-left: 4px;padding-top: 4px;width: 98%;word-break:break-all"><!--<br />
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--><span style="color: #000000; ">@saved_proc_new&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">=</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;Proc.new&nbsp;{&nbsp;puts&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #800000; ">"</span><span style="color: #800000; ">I'm&nbsp;declared&nbsp;with&nbsp;Proc.new.</span><span style="color: #800000; ">"</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;}<br />
@saved_proc&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">=</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;proc&nbsp;{&nbsp;puts&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #800000; ">"</span><span style="color: #800000; ">I'm&nbsp;declared&nbsp;with&nbsp;proc.</span><span style="color: #800000; ">"</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;}<br />
<br />
@saved_proc_new.call<br />
@saved_proc.call</span></div>
</blockquote>
<ul>
     <li>lambda</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<div style="background-color:#eeeeee;font-size:13px;border:1px solid #CCCCCC;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 4px;padding-left: 4px;padding-top: 4px;width: 98%;word-break:break-all"><!--<br />
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--><span style="color: #000000; ">@saved_lambda&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">=</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000FF; ">lambda</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;{&nbsp;puts&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #800000; ">"</span><span style="color: #800000; ">I'm&nbsp;declared&nbsp;with&nbsp;lambda.</span><span style="color: #800000; ">"</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;}<br />
@saved_lambda.call</span></div>
</blockquote>
<ul>
     <li>method</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<div style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-size: 13px; border: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 4px 5px 4px 4px; width: 98%;"><!--<br />
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--><span style="color: #0000FF; ">def</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;some_method<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;puts&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #800000; ">"</span><span style="color: #800000; ">I'm&nbsp;declared&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;method.</span><span style="color: #800000; ">"</span><span style="color: #000000; "><br />
end<br />
@method_as_closure&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">=</span><span style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;method(:some_method)<br />
<br />
</span></div>
</blockquote></blockquote>
<ul>
     <li>
     <h2>特点和差�?/h2>
     </li>
     <ul>
         <li>
         <h2>return行�ؓ(f��)</h2>
         </li>
     </ul>
</ul>
<blockquote><blockquote>当对应的block里边包含return的时候，上述7中方式有些许的不同：(x��)<br />
<ul>
     <li>lambda/method表现出真正的closure行�ؓ(f��)�Q�仅仅返回closure本��n�Q�外部调用控制流不受影响�Q����l�yield或者call的下一语句执行</li>
     <li>其它几种�?x��)蟩出外部调用者的控制���，即return�?gu��)���用者，yield/call之后的也不会(x��)再执行，直接跛_��到最�q�的end�?/li>
</ul>
<p><br />
</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
     <li>
     <h3>arity - 参数个数校验</h3>
     </li>
</ul>
<blockquote>对于调用点的参数���(g��)查，呈现如下行�ؓ(f��)�Q?br />
<ul>
     <li>lambda/method严格校验参数的个敎ͼ�如果不匹配回抛出异常</li>
     <li>其它几个不检查参��C���?/li>
</ul>
<p><br />
</p>
</blockquote></blockquote>
<ul>
     <li>
     <h2>�ȝ��</h2>
     </li>
</ul>
<blockquote>lambda/method方式呈现完备的closure行�ؓ(f��)�Q�return之后�l�箋(hu��)下一���程�Q�对于实际传入参��C����C��(x��)在调用点���(g��)查；proc/blocks方式在return的时候直接返回了(ji��n)外部的函数或者block�Q�对于传入的参数个数也没有执行检查�?br />
<br />
</blockquote>参考：(x��)<a >http://innig.net/software/ruby/closures-in-ruby</a>
<br />以上�l�论验证于最新的ruby1.9.3�Q�和链接中的�l�论有些�怸�同；ruby1.8中的proc函数可能有不同的行�ؓ(f��)�?br />
<div style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-size: 13px; border: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 4px 5px 4px 4px; width: 98%;"><span style="color: #000000;"></span></div>
</div><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/aggbug/165993.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/" target="_blank">skyscribe</a> 2012-02-19 19:29 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2012/02/19/ruby-study-1.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>ruby学习(f��n)�W�记《一�?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2012/02/19/ruby-study-0.html</link><dc:creator>skyscribe</dc:creator><author>skyscribe</author><pubDate>Sun, 19 Feb 2012 07:58:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2012/02/19/ruby-study-0.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/165976.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2012/02/19/ruby-study-0.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/commentRss/165976.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/services/trackbacks/165976.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[看得再多也不如自己动手试�Q�最�q�有闲就打算认真研究一下ruby语言�?ji��n)�?a >Pragmatic programmer</a>中说�Q�需要一�q�学一门新语言一遍改造思想�Q�去�q�浅���的学了(ji��n)javascript的皮毛，今年可以看看ruby�q?
个有lisp之风的OO语言�?ji��n)�?br />
<br />
<ul>
     <li>安装环境</li>
</ul>
�W�一个想到的是apt-get来下载了(ji��n)�Q�得到的是一个交互式解析器和�~�译器。和python的比较类��|��不过ruby的交互程序是个单独的�E�序叫做irb�?br />
<blockquote>
<div style="background-color:#eeeeee;font-size:13px;border:1px solid #CCCCCC;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 4px;padding-left: 4px;padding-top: 4px;width: 98%;word-break:break-all"><!--<br />
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--><span style="color: #000000; ">skyscribe:</span><span style="color: #000000; ">~</span><span style="color: #000000; ">$&nbsp;ruby&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">--</span><span style="color: #000000; ">version<br />
ruby&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">1.8</span><span style="color: #000000; ">.</span><span style="color: #000000; ">7</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;(</span><span style="color: #000000; ">2011</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000; ">06</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000; ">30</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;patchlevel&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">352</span><span style="color: #000000; ">)&nbsp;[i686</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000; ">linux]<br />
skyscribe:</span><span style="color: #000000; ">~</span><span style="color: #000000; ">$&nbsp;irb<br />
irb(main):</span><span style="color: #000000; ">001</span><span style="color: #000000; ">:</span><span style="color: #000000; ">0</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&gt;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;puts&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">"</span><span style="color: #000000; ">hello</span><span style="color: #000000; ">"</span><span style="color: #000000; "><br />
hello<br />
</span><span style="color: #000000; ">=&gt;</span><span style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;nil<br />
<br />
</span></div>
</blockquote>可惜得到的不是比较新的版本�?br />
<br />
�?
�q�很快想��L(f��ng)����?a >
wiki</a>�Q�还是用rvm方便的多。教�E�比较简单，参考它�?a >quick installation guide</a>���可。第一�ơ尝试的时候用apt-get安装�?ji��n)没有purge�Q�导致��L��安装到root用户�?
�?#8220;permission denied"的问题�?br />
<br />
安装好之后，所有的东西都在$HOME/.rvm下边�Q�比较干脆�?br />
<div style="background-color:#eeeeee;font-size:13px;border:1px solid #CCCCCC;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 4px;padding-left: 4px;padding-top: 4px;width: 98%;word-break:break-all"><!--<br />
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--><span style="color: #000000;"><br />
</span><blockquote><span style="color: #000000; ">skyscribe:</span><span style="color: #000000; ">~</span><span style="color: #000000; ">$&nbsp;rvm&nbsp;install&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">1.9</span><span style="color: #000000; ">.</span><span style="color: #000000; ">3</span><span style="color: #000000;"></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000; ">skyscribe:</span><span style="color: #000000; ">~</span><span style="color: #000000;">$&nbsp;rvm&nbsp;list</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;"></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;">rvm&nbsp;rubies</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;"></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ruby</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000; ">1.9</span><span style="color: #000000; ">.</span><span style="color: #000000; ">3</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">p125&nbsp;[&nbsp;i686&nbsp;]</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;"></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000; ">#&nbsp;Default&nbsp;ruby&nbsp;not&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000FF; ">set</span><span style="color: #000000; ">.&nbsp;Try&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">'</span><span style="color: #000000; ">rvm&nbsp;alias&nbsp;create&nbsp;default&nbsp;&lt;ruby&gt;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">.</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;"></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000; ">#&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">=&gt;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;current</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000; ">#&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">=*</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;current&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&amp;&amp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000FF; ">default</span><span style="color: #000000;"></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000; ">#&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">*</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000FF; ">default</span><span style="color: #000000;"></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;"></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000; ">skyscribe:</span><span style="color: #000000; ">~</span><span style="color: #000000; ">$&nbsp;rvm&nbsp;alias&nbsp;create&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000FF; ">default</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;ruby</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000; ">1.9</span><span style="color: #000000; ">.</span><span style="color: #000000; ">3</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">p125</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000; ">Creating&nbsp;alias&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000FF; ">default</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000FF; ">for</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;ruby</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000; ">1.9</span><span style="color: #000000; ">.</span><span style="color: #000000; ">3</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">p125.</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000; ">Recording&nbsp;alias&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000FF; ">default</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000FF; ">for</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;ruby</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000; ">1.9</span><span style="color: #000000; ">.</span><span style="color: #000000; ">3</span><span style="color: #000000; ">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">p125.</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000; ">Creating&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000FF; ">default</span><span style="color: #000000; ">&nbsp;links</span><span style="color: #000000; ">/</span><span style="color: #000000;">files</span><br /><br /><div style="background-color:#eeeeee;font-size:13px;border:1px solid #CCCCCC;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 4px;padding-left: 4px;padding-top: 4px;width: 98%;word-break:break-all"><!--<br /><br />Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br />http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /><br />--><span style="color: #000000; "></span><span style="color: #000000; "><div>skyscribe:~$ cat &gt;&gt; ~/.bashrc <br />[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] &amp;&amp; . "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # This loads RVM into a shell session.<br />^C<br />skyscribe:~$ bash<br />skyscribe:~$ rvm use 1.9.3<br />Using /home/skyscribe/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p125<br />skyscribe:~$ ruby -v<br />ruby 1.9.3p125 (2012-02-16 revision 34643) [i686-linux]</div></span></div><br />
<span style="color: #000000; "></span></blockquote></div>
<br />
<ul>
     <li>熟�?zh��n)�和上�?/li>
</ul>
官方的文档是最好的参考，推荐<a >ruby koans</a>,下蝲下来�Q�解压后�Q�是个典型的TDD学习(f��n)材料�Q�不断运�?br />
<blockquote>
<div>
<div>&nbsp;ruby path_to_enlightenment.rb</div></div></blockquote><div><div>koans �?x��)遍历每一个test case直到全部完毕�Q�大概需�?个小时以上的旉���方可全部完工。中间的注释和THINK ABOUT的部分比较有意思，感�?zh��n)�比较深刻的是以下一些点�Q?br /><blockquote><ul><li>完完全全的OO�Q�所有东西皆为对�?/li><li>两种基本的collection�Q�hash和array基本对应于python的dict和array</li><li>函数调用可以不必��d��括号�Q�除非可能引发歧义或者解析错�?/li><li>函数参数可以包含block�Q�支持lambda和closure<br /></li><li>bool�c�d��更简单，只有false和nil与false�{��h(hu��n)�Q�其余全部是true</li><li>控制�l�构有unless</li><li>�c�d��义是开攑ּ�的，便于非��R入式设计�Q�当然也可以允许修改builtin</li><li>每一个对象都有object id</li><li>symbol和string可以互相转化构�?/li><li>method的调用可以用send 的方法发送message - proxy变得极度�Ҏ(gu��)��</li><li>module可以被class include从而包含方法， 便于mixin设计</li><li>instance variable和class variable 定义方便快捷</li><li>regular expresion的和python极�ؓ(f��)�怼�<br /></li></ul></blockquote></div></div><blockquote><div>
</div>
</blockquote><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/aggbug/165976.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/" target="_blank">skyscribe</a> 2012-02-19 15:58 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2012/02/19/ruby-study-0.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Unix文本处理之利器－awk/gawk</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2011/01/02/awk.html</link><dc:creator>skyscribe</dc:creator><author>skyscribe</author><pubDate>Sun, 02 Jan 2011 12:32:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2011/01/02/awk.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/137894.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2011/01/02/awk.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/commentRss/137894.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/services/trackbacks/137894.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[日常在shell中��用awk基本是家�怾�饭了(ji��n)�Q�但是详�l�的写一些小�E�序�q�是�W�一�ơ，��M��是下来，�q�是深深得被�q�门�q�龄比自己都要大的工兯����a�的魅力所折服�Q?a  >since 1977</a>�Q�。作者中最引�h注目的当属鼎鼎大名的<a  >Brian W. Kernighan</a> (即K的简�U�来源）(j��)。目前所用的版本大多是gawk或者nawk.<br><br>作�ؓ(f��)一门微型且完整的编�E�语�a��Q�awk可以用数行代码就完成其他语言需要数倍的LOC才能完成的工作。其设计哲学也是比较�Ҏ(gu��)��的，核心(j��)是data�Q�driven的，�q�且采用�?ji��n)和C�c�M��的语法来�l�织。它最核心(j��)的思想应该是如下两点：(x��)<br>
<ul>
    <li>pattern-action �l�构 借由强大的正则表辑ּ�来匹配pattern�Q�然后执行pattern对应的操�?/li>
    <li>Record/Field 处理模型&nbsp; 所有的输入数据都根据制定的record separator 分割�?record, 然后没一个record再根据field separator 分割为fields. POSIX 定义�?field separator可以为正则表辑ּ��Q�而gawk可以允许record separator同时为正则表辑ּ�</li>
</ul>
引发我花�Ҏ(gu��)��间来仔细研究awk的�v因是�q�样的，我们的程序在做profiling的时候，发现原来用shell写的脚本分析一�ơ话费的旉���太长。初看了(ji��n)下那个脚本，大概的逻辑是要扫名所有的log文�g�Q�按照时间戳���关注的旉���所耗费的时间提取出来，计算�q�_����|��波动�{�最�l�画出曲�U�图�?br><br>整体的脚本有几个部分�Q�python�Q�bash�Q�，处理一��?0MB的log文�g需要耗费40分钟�?个小�Ӟ���q�显然超��Z��(ji��n)预期�Q�中间一个处理很长的部分是grep某个旉����D늚�信息然后按照报表格式写入��C��间文件中。在惌���否优化这一节的时候，忽然���想起了(ji��n)模式匚w��来（学习(f��n)Haskell的最深印象）(j��)�Q�于是大致翻�?ji��n)一下awk�Q�发现很�Ҏ(gu��)��通过模式匚w��使得按行处理�Q�同时记录中间的信息�Q�而一个时间段恰好和awk的record概念��d���?br><br>�׃��(ji��n)2个小时研��M��(ji��n)下awk的函数语法，自定义自��q��旉���截取函数�Q�gawk的strftime很有用，���其我们发现记录有蟩跃要自动补全中间的数据记录时�Q�，通过三个pattern截取需要的信息�Q?0分钟写出来awk的代码来�?br><br>所�q�的是，其它的shell脚本都不需要�Q何改动，重新跑一�ơ，3s���处理完�?ji��n)原�?0MB的文�Ӟ��看来�q�点旉���投入�q�是相当值得的�?br><br>有兴���的可参考：(x��)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a  >http://www.gnu.org/manual/gawk/gawk.html</a><br><br>PS�Q�awk的另一作�?a  >Winberger</a> 供职于google�?br>&nbsp;<br><br><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/aggbug/137894.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/" target="_blank">skyscribe</a> 2011-01-02 20:32 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2011/01/02/awk.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Popen中奇怪的OSError�Q�too many open files</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2009/10/19/98970.html</link><dc:creator>skyscribe</dc:creator><author>skyscribe</author><pubDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2009 11:31:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2009/10/19/98970.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/98970.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2009/10/19/98970.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/commentRss/98970.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/services/trackbacks/98970.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3">�q�来用Python的unittest框架来做一个regression test 工具�Q�验证一些复杂的�E�序功能�Q�期望做到自动化���试完成一部分需要繁琐的界面点击和等待才能完成的验证工作�?/font></p>
<p><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3">其中核心(j��)的部分是通过python的subproces module中的Popen来调用shell脚步完成功能性请求，�q�抓取执行的�l�果�?/font></p>
<p><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3"></font>&nbsp;</p>
<p><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3">初一开始，test case比较?y��u)��的时候（100个以内）(j��)都没有�Q何问题；但从某一刻�v�Q�当���过120个的时候，最后一个test case执行的时候，��L��报告</font></p>
<p><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>OSError�Q?too many open files</strong></font></p>
<p><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3">�l�出的stack trace指向�?ji��n)Popen的communicate�Ҏ(gu��)���?/font></p>
<p><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3"></font>&nbsp;</p>
<p><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3">最���单的怀疑自然是打开文�g数的限制�?ji��n)�?ulimit&nbsp; -a 发现默认的Shell的确只有256�Q�虽然感觉应该也够用�?ji��n)（因��?f��)每一个case都是用单独的Popen来执行操�?完毕���应该被回收�?ji��n)�?j��)�Q�但�q�是自然���其开大一些； </font></p>
<p><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font color="#800080">ulimit &#8211;n 1024 </font></font></p>
<p><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3">重新执行�Q�还是最后一个case��p�|�Q�错误依然�?/font></p>
<p><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3"></font>&nbsp;</p>
<p><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3">Google�?ji��n)一下，暂时没有头��A�Q�只有待有时间再详细盘查一下原委了(ji��n)。不�q�在搜烦(ch��)�{�案的过�E�中发现�?ji��n)一个有意思的现象�Q?/font></p>
<p><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; 有�h在询问怎样���python的字�W�串quote成�ؓ(f��)一个可以再shell中安全��用的字符�Ԍ�����有人回复说Subprocess中有一个类似的�Ҏ(gu��)��可以完成�c�M��的工作�ؓ(f��)什么不用；马上有牛人站出来��_(d��)���q�个模块的作者大概不想维护过多的东西�Q�因而将光���藏了(ji��n)��h���Q�而不是放开�?ji��n)给大家用，因��?f��)它的doc里边都没有直接说明，用的人是看了(ji��n)他的代码才知道有�q�个函数�Q�参�?/font><a ><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3">�q�里</font></a><font face="微��Y雅黑" size="3">�Q?/font></p><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/aggbug/98970.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/" target="_blank">skyscribe</a> 2009-10-19 19:31 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2009/10/19/98970.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>用wireshark+scripts实现有趣的加密包解码</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2009/07/27/91394.html</link><dc:creator>skyscribe</dc:creator><author>skyscribe</author><pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2009 14:24:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2009/07/27/91394.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/91394.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2009/07/27/91394.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/commentRss/91394.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/services/trackbacks/91394.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[��Z��安全性的考虑�Q�很多网�l�应用可能用比较强的安全���法加密传输的数据，从而导致抓包这一强大的网�l�分析工��h��为鸡肋，SNMP v3���是�q�么个例子�?br>Wireshark自带有配�|�usmUser的例子，可以自动调用netsnmp的库来完成揭�U�，但对于Unix�E�序而言�Q�GUI的工��h���w�还是有诸多不便�Q�没有CLI工具来的舒服自然�Q�另外的一个问题是�Q�通过自己配置usmUser�Q�似乎一直无法成功解码�?br><br>��ȝ��Wireshark的文���的时候，发现一个强大的���工具很适合配合脚本发挥威力�Q�tshark�Q�想到Python�Q�马上实��C��(ji��n)一个不错的���工兗��?br><br>tshark本��n可以支持很多选项�Q�几乎涵盖了(ji��n)wireshark大部分常用功能，个�h发现特别适合二次分析。这里最关键的是 -T pdml选项,<br>&nbsp;可以生成一个完整的xml格式的分析报告�?br><br>假设实现用tcpdump或者snoop抓取�?ji��n)一个加密的包test.pcap,那么接下来，可以用其作二�ơ分析：(x��)<br>
<div style="border: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 4px 5px 4px 4px; background-color: #eeeeee; font-size: 13px; width: 98%;"><!--<br><br>Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br>http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br><br>--><span style="color: #000000;">snoop -d &lt;dev&gt; -o test.pcap &lt;filter&gt;<br>tshark&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">r&nbsp;test.pcap&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">V&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">T&nbsp;pdml&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #000000;">&gt;</span><span style="color: #000000;">&nbsp;test.xml</span></div>
<br>接下来可借助脚本的威力来解析�q�个xml文�g�?ji��n)，python的xml.sax很适合�q�这个了(ji��n)�Q�自己写一个ContentHandler�Q?���感兴趣的字�D�|��下来�Q�存储在一个相关的�l�构里边。这里对于SNMP而言�Q�只需要将对应的scopedPDU加密数据保存?sh��)��来�Q�同时保存其它必要的数据�Q�放�|�于索引的dict中，便于下一步分析�?br><br>利用C/C++写一个小�E�序�Q�接收加密参数、字�D�内容等参数完成实际解码工作�Q�由于是API的简单调用和变换�Q�所以比较简单；生成可执行文件即可�?br><br>最后，���上�q�通过python�?Popen建立I/O���道�Q�将各个部分串联��h���Q��ƈ格式化每一步分析��生的输出�l�果�Q�生成结果报告�?br><br>以上的方式可以不需要写dissector���完成自定义的报文分析，�~�点是，�q�行效率比较低一些；优点也很明显�Q�很�Ҏ(gu��)��定制和脚本自动化�?br>对于�U�有协议而言�Q�上�q�方式也是一个不错的选择�?br><br><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/aggbug/91394.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/" target="_blank">skyscribe</a> 2009-07-27 22:24 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2009/07/27/91394.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>实用的流�E�图�l�制工具�Q�Diagram Designer</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2009/07/06/89398.html</link><dc:creator>skyscribe</dc:creator><author>skyscribe</author><pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 12:34:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2009/07/06/89398.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/89398.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2009/07/06/89398.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/comments/commentRss/89398.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/services/trackbacks/89398.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[一直在留意好用的开源作囑ַ���P��可惜�q�年头很多是UML的，�q�且�l�定与Eclipse的很多，可惜我需要的只是能够��d��本的���程图，而且可以随意在矩形框之间加连接线�Q��ƈ且可以自动调整连接线的；最�q�突然发��C��(ji��n)一�Ƅ���当好用的开源工��P��不仅�����y�Q�而且速度快，自��n相对独立�Q�刚好合乎我的需要；也不需要蜗牛般的Java�Q�真乃好东东�?br><br>下边是我做的囑�Ş�Q?br><br><img style="width: 644px; height: 951px;" alt="" src="http://www.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/skyscribe/USM_process_incoming_message.jpg"><br>表示复杂的结构也很是漂亮�Q�而且最关键的一�Ҏ(gu��)���Q�可以直接拷贝到PPT里边做成presentation�?br>下边是另外一个图�Q�类��g��UML里边的Sequence Diagram�Q�当时又不完全是�Q�不�q�可以清晰的表达我的意思了(ji��n)�?br>曄���想用Netbeans的UML插�g��d���c�M��的图像，可惜惌���己加个方框都不行�Q�还是这个灵�z�：(x��)<br><img alt="" src="http://www.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/skyscribe/USM_Discovery.jpg" height="768" width="768"><br>�q�个可爱的��Y�Ӟ�����直可以和Visio媲美�?ji��n)，而且是开源免费的�?br>另外一个例子，作者提供的模板�Q�也很漂亮，可以�ȝ��(sh��)路硬件图的：(x��)<br><img style="width: 1025px; height: 725px;" alt="" src="http://www.shnenglu.com/images/cppblog_com/skyscribe/demo.jpg"><br>�q�有一个UML的例子，看它�?a >官方�|�站</a>描述�?br><br>高��功能�Q�自己定制模板，供以后��用�?br>可以导出为几�U�常见的囄���格式�Q�以它自��q��格式(ddd后缀�Q�最节省�I�间�?br><br>���缺点：(x��)折线���头只能�?个弯�Q�因此不能一�W�绘制回形箭��_(d��)��需要手工拼接�?br>最强大的地方：(x��)属性可以自�׃��改，因此�����灉|���?br><br><br> <img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/aggbug/89398.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/" target="_blank">skyscribe</a> 2009-07-06 20:34 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/skyscribe/archive/2009/07/06/89398.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item></channel></rss>                                                                                   <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/">&#38738;&#38738;&#33609;&#21407;&#32508;&#21512;&#20037;&#20037;&#22823;&#20234;&#20154;&#23548;&#33322;&#95;&#33394;&#32508;&#21512;&#20037;&#20037;&#22825;&#22825;&#32508;&#21512;&#95;&#26085;&#26085;&#22108;&#22108;&#22812;&#22812;&#29408;&#29408;&#20037;&#20037;&#19969;&#39321;&#20116;&#26376;&#95;&#28909;&#20037;&#20037;&#36825;&#37324;&#21482;&#26377;&#31934;&#21697;</a>

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