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Makefile Libtool Automake

likun — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 14:47:00 GMT

用automake建立�׃�n�?动态链接库)Makefile

要��用automake工具包徏立一个交叉编译的�׃�n库的Makefile

�q�里用的autoconf�?.67版本�Q�在debian下实�?

如果版本低，可以用apt-get install automake来装最新的版本�Q�还需要libtool,也需要用apt-get install来安装�?/p>

�q�里建立一个简单的函数库来介绍�Q?/p>

$mkdir rx
$mkdir rx/src

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在rx/src下编辑rx.c,rx.h两个源文�?

mybdebian:/home/myb/php/rx/src# cat rx.h
#ifndef __RX_H_
#define __RX_H_
int fun();
#endif
mybdebian:/home/myb/php/rx/src# cat rx.c
#include "rx.h"
int fun()
{
    return 1234;
}

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在rx目录和rx/src目录下分别徏立Makefile.am文�g

rx目录下的Makefile.am为顶层Makefile.am文�g�Q�只要包含其存放源码的子目录卛_��Q�内容如下：

AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS=foreign
SUBDIRS=src

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rx/src目录下的Makefile.am内容如下�Q?/p>

AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS=foreign
lib_LTLIBRARIES=librx.la
librx_la_SOURCES=rx.c
include_HEADERS=rx.h

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其中lib_LTLIBRARIES=后面�?#8220;librx.la”��生成的库文�g�?必须写成.la�Q�不能是.so�Q�实际会生成librx.so文�g�?/p>

下面的librx_la是librx.la�?#8220;.”换成下划�U?#8220;_”后面加上“_SOURCES=”�Q�等号以后�ؓ源文件名�U�ͼ�多于一个时用空格隔开�?/p>

include_HEADERS=后面的�ؓ头文�Ӟ��是供其它�E�序包含用的�Q�make install时会复制到安装目录的include 目录中�?/p>

回到上层目录�Q��用autoscan扫描源码目录:

$autoscan
$ls
autoscan.log  configure.scan  Makefile.am  src

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把configure.scan改名成�ؓconfigure.ac

$mv configure.scan configure.ac

AC_OUTPUT([Makefile
                 src/Makefile])

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�~�译�q�个文�g:

$vim configure.ac

#                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ([2.67])
AC_INIT([FULL-PACKAGE-NAME], [VERSION], [BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS])
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/rx.c])
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])

# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

# Checks for library functions.

AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile
                 src/Makefile])
AC_OUTPUT

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修改AC_INIT一句，��x��包的全名、版本号及BUG报告email地址��M��Q�如�Q?/p>

AC_INIT(rx2dlib,0.01,resound@163.com)

在它后面加一�?

AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE

�q�句话是必须的�?/p>

�׃��q�个脚本是用于生成共享库的，所以要加一句AC_PROG_LIBTOOL在AC_PROG_CC的下一行：

# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC
AC_PROG_LIBTOOL

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修改后面的那个AC_CONFIG_FILES语句�Q�改成AC_OUTPUT,�q�把后面的一条AC_OUTPUT��L��Q?/p>

AC_OUTPUT([Makefile
                 src/Makefile])

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�q�样�Q�configure.ac��徏好了�Q�修改后的内容如�?

#                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ([2.67])
AC_INIT(rx2dlib,0.01,resound@163.com)
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE

AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/rx.c])
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])

# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC
AC_PROG_LIBTOOL

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

# Checks for library functions.

AC_OUTPUT([Makefile
                 src/Makefile])

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然后按顺序执�?

$aclocal
$autoconf
$autoheader
$libtoolize --automake
$automake –-add-missing
configure.ac:13: installing `./config.guess'
configure.ac:13: installing `./config.sub'
configure.ac:6: installing `./install-sh'
configure.ac:6: installing `./missing'
src/Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp'

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�q�时configure脚本已经生成了�?/p>

可以用它来配�|�生成Makefile了�?/p>

如我们要生成交叉�~�译�l�ARM CPU使用的共享库,�q�里假设我们要��用的�~�译器�ؓarm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc�Q��ƈ且我们最�l�在ARM板上执行�Ӟ��要把库安装到目标板的/usr/local/armrx2d目录中去。可以这样配�|?

$./configure  --host=arm-none-linux-gnueabi --prefix=/usr/local/armrx2d
$make

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Make完成后可以到src目录下面的一个隐藏目�?libs目录中看到生成的库文�Ӟ��

mybdebian:/home/myb/php/rx/src/.libs# ls -l
总计 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2368 04-19 22:48 librx.a
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   11 04-19 22:48 librx.la -> ../librx.la
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  930 04-19 22:48 librx.lai
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   14 04-19 22:48 librx.so -> librx.so.0.0.0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   14 04-19 22:48 librx.so.0 -> librx.so.0.0.0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5422 04-19 22:48 librx.so.0.0.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2228 04-19 22:48 rx.o

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我们再回到顶层目录，执行make install可以自动安装生成的库�?usr/local/armrx2d/lib目录下�?/p>

若��用automake时出��C��面错误信�?/p>

required file `./ltmain.sh' not found

是因为libtool未配�|�：

解决办法�Q?/p>

$libtoolize --automake --debug --copy –force

或：

$libtoolize --automake

# 利用libtool自动生成动态库

1. autoscan命��o在当前目录生成configure.scan文�g, 内容�?

# -*- Autoconf -*-

# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ(2.57)

AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)

AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/bot.h])

AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])

# Checks for programs.

AC_PROG_CXX

AC_PROG_CC

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.

AC_HEADER_STDC

AC_CHECK_HEADERS([limits.h malloc.h stdlib.h string.h unistd.h])

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

AC_HEADER_STDBOOL

AC_C_CONST

AC_C_INLINE

# Checks for library functions.

AC_FUNC_MALLOC

AC_FUNC_REALLOC

AC_CHECK_FUNCS([memset strcasecmp strchr strdup])

AC_OUTPUT

��其该名为configure.ac 然后修改:

configure.ac 文�g�?autoconf 的输入文�Ӟ��l�过 autoconf 处理�Q�展开里面�?m4宏，

输出的是 configure 脚本�?/span>

�W?4 行声明本文�g要求�?autoconf 版本�Q�因为本例��用了新版�?2.57�Q�所以在此注明�?/span>

�W?5 �?AC_INIT 宏用来定义��Y件的名称和版本等信息

AC_INIT([test], 1.0, [email]linhanzu@gmail.com[/email])

增加版本信息(为生成lib库做准备)

lt_major=1

lt_age=1

lt_revision=12

dist_version=0.1.12

AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(test, $dist_version) //自动生成Makefile文�g

增加�? 打开�׃�n�?/span>

AC_PROG_LIBTOOL

# Check for dl

DL_PRESENT=""

AC_CHECK_LIB( dl, dlopen, DL_PRESENT="yes",, $DL_LIBS -ldl )

if test "x$DL_PRESENT" = "xyes"; then

AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBDL, 1, [Define if DL lib is present])

DL_LIBS="-ldl"

AC_SUBST(DL_LIBS)

# Check for libm

M_PRESENT=""

AC_CHECK_LIB( m, sin, M_PRESENT="yes",, $M_LIBS -lm )

if test "x$M_PRESENT" = "xyes"; then

AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBM, 1, [Define if libm is present])

M_LIBS="-lm"

AC_SUBST(M_LIBS)

增加依赖库，�q�里��׃��仅列举了pthread库，生成的Makefile会自动加�?pthread

# Check for pthread

PTHREAD_PRESENT=""

AC_CHECK_LIB( pthread, pthread_create, PTHREAD_PRESENT="yes",, $PTHREAD_LIBS

-lpthread )

if test "x$PTHREAD_PRESENT" = "xyes"; then

AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBPTHREAD, 1, [Define if libpthread is present])

PTHREAD_LIBS="-lpthread"

AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_LIBS)

要生成项目工�E�目录和其它目录下的Makefile 文�g, 必需加入

AM_CONFIG_FILES的宏:

例如: AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile

src/Makefile

data/Makefile

docs/Makefile])

修改完后Makefile.ac如下:

# -*- Autoconf -*-

# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ(2.57)

AC_INIT([test],[1.0],[[email]arne_caspari@users.sourceforge.net[/email]])

AM_CONFIG_HEADER(config.h)

lt_major=1

lt_age=1

lt_revision=12

dist_version=0.1.12

AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(test, $dist_version)

AC_SUBST(lt_major)

AC_SUBST(lt_revision)

AC_SUBST(lt_age)

# Checks for programs.

#AC_PROG_CC

#AC_PROG_INSTALL

#AC_PROG_LN_S

#AC_PROG_LIBTOOL

AM_PROG_LIBTOOL

# Checks for libraries.

pkg_modules="gtk+-2.0 >= 2.0.0"

PKG_CHECK_MODULES(GTK_PACKAGE, [$pkg_modules], HAVE_GTK2="yes", HAVE_GTK2="no" )

AC_SUBST(GTK_PACKAGE_CFLAGS)

AC_SUBST(GTK_PACKAGE_LIBS)

# Check for dl

DL_PRESENT=""

AC_CHECK_LIB( dl, dlopen, DL_PRESENT="yes",, $DL_LIBS -ldl )

if test "x$DL_PRESENT" = "xyes"; then

AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBDL, 1, [Define if DL lib is present])

DL_LIBS="-ldl"

AC_SUBST(DL_LIBS)

# Check for libm

M_PRESENT=""

AC_CHECK_LIB( m, sin, M_PRESENT="yes",, $M_LIBS -lm )

if test "x$M_PRESENT" = "xyes"; then

AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBM, 1, [Define if libm is present])

M_LIBS="-lm"

AC_SUBST(M_LIBS)

# Check for pthread

PTHREAD_PRESENT=""

AC_CHECK_LIB( pthread, pthread_create, PTHREAD_PRESENT="yes",, $PTHREAD_LIBS

-lpthread )

if test "x$PTHREAD_PRESENT" = "xyes"; then

AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBPTHREAD, 1, [Define if libpthread is present])

PTHREAD_LIBS="-lpthread"

AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_LIBS)

# Checks for header files.

#AC_HEADER_DIRENT

#AC_HEADER_STDC

#AC_CHECK_HEADERS([fcntl.h stdlib.h string.h sys/time.h unistd.h])

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

#AC_TYPE_PID_T

#AC_TYPE_SIZE_T

#AC_HEADER_TIME

# Checks for library functions.

#AC_FUNC_CLOSEDIR_VOID

#AC_FUNC_MALLOC

#AC_CHECK_FUNCS([memset strstr])

AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile

src/Makefile

data/Makefile

doc/Makefile])

AC_OUTPUT

2.生成各目录下的Makefile.am文�g

./Makefile.am //工程目录�?/span>

SUBDIR = src data doc

../src/Makefile.am //源码目录�?/span>

MAINTAINERCLEANFILES = Makefile.in

INCLUDES = -I../include

CPPFLAGS=-DINSTALL_PREFIX="\"$(prefix)\""

lib_LTLIBRARIES = libtest.la

libtest_la_LDFLAGS = -version-info @lt_major@:@lt_revision@:@lt_age@

libtest_la_SOURCES = \

test.c \

test_private.h \

check_match.c \

check_match.h \

test_helpers.c \

test_helpers.h \

debug.h

libtest_la_LIBADD = \

@DL_LIBS@ \

@M_LIBS@

3. 生成autogen.sh脚本, 内容

#! /bin/sh

set -x

aclocal

autoheader

automake --foreign --add-missing --copy

autoconf

保存后修�Ҏ(gu��)��?chmod a+x autogen.sh

3.�q�行脚本./autogen.sh, 生成configure脚本. �q�里可能会遇到错�? 可以�Ҏ(gu��)��错误提示作相应修�?�Q�注意：如果�(zh��n)�修改了Makefile.am中的��，那么��得重新执行�q�一步）

4.�q�行./configure脚本.自动生成src目录下的makefile文�g

5. 切换到目录src, �q�行make 自动在当前目录下建立.libs文�g, �~�程生成的库文�g��׃��存在该目录下.

make install 安装在默认目�?/usr/local/lib/�?

6.如果要生成其它的安装目录�Q�Makefile.am��p��q�样�?/span>

MAINTAINERCLEANFILES = Makefile.in

INCLUDES = -I../include

lib_LTLIBRARIES = libtt.la

libdir = $(prefix)/lib/test //�q�个��是安装目录

libtt_la_LDFLAGS = -version-info @lt_major@:@lt_revision@:@lt_age@

libtt_la_LIBADD = @PTHREAD_LIBS@

libtt_la_SOURCES = \

tt.c \

video.c \

video.h

当然�Q�Makefile中的语法规则中还有很多宏定义�Q��?zh��n)�可以在Makefile的官方网站找到说明�?/span>

下一��就打算写写条�g�~�译的Makefile写法�?/span>

http://www.cnblogs.com/resound/archive/2011/04/19/2021681.html

http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-2165630-1-1.html

likun 2011-12-19 22:47 发表评论

用gdb调试动态链接库

likun — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 02:56:00 GMT

用gdb调试动态链接库

大家都知道在 Linux 可以�?gdb 来调试应用程序，当然前提是用 gcc �~�译�E�序时要加上 -g 参数�?/p>

我这��文章里��讨��Z��下用 gdb 来调试动态链接库的问题�?/p>

首先�Q�假设我们准备这��L��一个动态链接库�Q?/p>

引用�Q?/p>

库名�U�是�Q?ggg

动态链接库文�g名是�Q?libggg.so

头文件是�Q?get.h

提供�q�样两个函数调用接口�Q?/strong>

int get ();

int set (int a);

要生成这样一个动态链接库�Q�我们首先编写这样一个头文�g�Q?/p>

/************关于本文�?*******************************************

*filename: get.h

*********************************************************************/

int get ();

int set (int a);

然后准备�q�样一个生成动态链接库的源文�g�Q?/p>

/************关于本文�?*******************************************

*filename: get.cpp

*********************************************************************/

#include

#include "get.h"

static int x=0;

int get ()

{

printf ("get x=%d\n", x);

return x;

}

int set (int a)

{

printf ("set a=%d\n", a);

x = a;

return x;

}

然后我们�?GNU �?C/C++ �~�译器来生成动态链接库�Q�编译命令如下：

引用�Q?/p>

g++ get.cpp -shared -g -DDEBUG -o libggg.so

�q�样我们��准备好了动态链接库了，下面我们�~�写一个应用程序来调用此动态链接库�Q�源代码如下�Q?/p>

/************关于本文�?*******************************************

*filename: pk.cpp

*********************************************************************/

#include

#include "get.h"

int main (int argc, char** argv)

{

int a = 100;

int b = get ();

int c = set (a);

int d = get ();

printf ("a=%d,b=%d,c=%d,d=%d\n",a,b,c,d);

return 0;

}

�~�译此程序用下列命��o�Q�如果已�l�把上面生成�?libggg.so 攑ֈ�了库文�g搜烦路径指定的文件目录，比如 /lib �?/usr/lib 之类的，��q��下面�q�条命��o�Q?/p>

引用�Q?/p>

g++ pk.cpp -o app -Wall -g -lggg

否则��q��下面�q�条命��o�Q?/p>

引用�Q?/p>

g++ pk.cpp -o app -Wall -g -lggg -L`pwd`

下面我们��开始调试上面命令生成的 app �E�序吧。如果已�l�把上面生成�?libggg.so 攑ֈ�了库文�g搜烦路径指定的文件目录，比如 /lib �?/usr/lib 之类的，调试��顺利完成，如下�Q?/p>

引用�Q?/p>

#gdb ./app

GNU gdb 6.4-debian

GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are

welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.

Type "show copying" to see the conditions.

There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details.

This GDB was configured as "i486-linux-gnu"...Using host libthread_db library "/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libthread_db.so.1".

(gdb) b main /* �q�是在程序的 main 处设�|�断�?*/

Breakpoint 1 at 0x804853c: file pk.cpp, line 7.

(gdb) b set /* �q�是在程序的 set 处设�|�断�?*/

Function "set" not defined.

Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) y /* �q�里必须选择 y 调试�E�序才会跟踪到动态链接库内部�?*/

Breakpoint 2 (set) pending.

(gdb) run /* 开始运行我们的�E�序�Q�直到遇见断�Ҏ(gu��)��暂停 */

Starting program: /data/example/c/app

Breakpoint 3 at 0xb7f665f8: file get.cpp, line 11.

Pending breakpoint "set" resolved

Breakpoint 1, main (argc=1, argv=0xbf990504) at pk.cpp:7

7 int a = 100;

(gdb) n /* �l�箋执行�E�序的下一行代�?*/

8 int b = get ();

(gdb) n /* �E�序执行��C��我们断点所在的动态链接库�?*/

get x=0

9 int c = set (a);

(gdb) n

Breakpoint 3, set (a=100) at get.cpp:11

11 printf ("set a=%d\n", a);

(gdb) list /* 查看当前代码行周围的代码�Q�证明我们已�l�跟�t�到动态链接库的源代码里面�?*/

6 printf ("get x=%d\n", x);

7 return x;

8 }

9 int set (int a)

10 {

11 printf ("set a=%d\n", a);

12 x = a;

13 return x;

14 }

(gdb) n

set a=100

12 x = a;

(gdb) n

13 return x;

(gdb) n

14 }

(gdb) n

main (argc=1, argv=0xbf990504) at pk.cpp:10

10 int d = get ();

(gdb) n

get x=100

11 printf ("a=%d,b=%d,c=%d,d=%d\n",a,b,c,d);

(gdb) n

a=100,b=0,c=100,d=100

12 return 0;

(gdb) c

Continuing.

Program exited normally.

(gdb) quit /* �E�序��利执行�l�束 */

如果我们没有把动态链接库攑ֈ�指定目录�Q�比�?lib里面�Q�调试就会失败，�q�程如下�Q?/p>

引用�Q?/p>

# gdb ./app

GNU gdb 6.4-debian

GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are

welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.

Type "show copying" to see the conditions.

There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details.

This GDB was configured as "i486-linux-gnu"...Using host libthread_db library "/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libthread_db.so.1".

(gdb) b main

Breakpoint 1 at 0x804853c: file pk.cpp, line 7.

(gdb) b set

Function "set" not defined.

Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) y

Breakpoint 2 (set) pending.

(gdb) run /* 虽然调试操作都一��P��但程序执行失�?*/

Starting program: /data/example/c/app

/data/example/c/app: error while loading shared libraries: libggg.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Program exited with code 0177.

(gdb) quit
http://os.chinaunix.net/a2007/0830/976/000000976152.shtml

likun 2011-12-15 10:56 发表评论

多线�E�debug

likun — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 02:44:00 GMT
摘要: 七、八�q�前写过一��《用GDB调试�E�序》，于是�Q�从那以后，很多朋友在MSN上以及给我发邮�g询问我关于GDB的问题，一直到今天�Q�还有�h在问GDB的相关问题。这么多�q�来�Q�有一些问题是大家反复在问的，一斚w��Q�我觉得我以前的文章可能没有说清楚，另一斚w��Q�我觉得大家帔R��的问题正是最有用的，所以，在这里罗列出来。希望大家补充。一、多�U�程调试多线�E�调试可能是问得最多的。其实，重要��是下面几个命��o�Q�info thr... 阅读全文

likun 2011-12-15 10:44 发表评论