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瀵逛簬Linux緋葷粺鏉ヨ錛屾棤璁烘槸涓ぎ澶勭悊鍣ㄣ佸唴瀛樸佺鐩橀┍鍔ㄥ櫒銆侀敭鐩樸侀紶鏍囷紝榪樻槸鐢ㄦ埛絳夐兘鏄枃浠訛紝Linux緋葷粺綆$悊鐨勫懡浠ゆ槸瀹冩甯歌繍琛岀殑鏍稿績銆傜啛鎮変簡Linux甯哥敤鐨勬枃浠跺鐞嗗懡浠や互鍚庯紝榪欎竴璁蹭粙緇嶅緋葷粺鍜岀敤鎴瘋繘琛岀鐞嗙殑鍛戒護銆?br>
df
1.浣滅敤
df鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵媯鏌ユ枃浠剁郴緇熺殑紓佺洏絀洪棿鍗犵敤鎯呭喌錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵鏈夌敤鎴楓?br>2.鏍煎紡
df [options]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峴錛氬姣忎釜Names鍙傛暟鍙粰鍑哄崰鐢ㄧ殑鏁版嵁鍧楁繪暟銆?br>錛峚錛氶掑綊鍦版樉紺烘寚瀹氱洰褰曚腑鍚勬枃浠跺強瀛愮洰褰曚腑鍚勬枃浠跺崰鐢ㄧ殑鏁版嵁鍧楁暟銆傝嫢鏃笉鎸囧畾錛峴錛屼篃涓嶆寚瀹氾紞a錛屽垯鍙樉紺篘ames涓殑姣忎竴涓洰褰曞強鍏朵腑鐨勫悇瀛愮洰褰曟墍鍗犵殑紓佺洏鍧楁暟銆?br>錛峩錛氫互1024瀛楄妭涓哄崟浣嶅垪鍑虹鐩樼┖闂翠嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐點?br>錛峹錛氳煩榪囧湪涓嶅悓鏂囦歡緋葷粺涓婄殑鐩綍涓嶄簣緇熻銆?br>錛峫錛氳綆楁墍鏈夌殑鏂囦歡澶у皬錛屽紜摼鎺ユ枃浠跺垯璁$畻澶氭銆?br>錛峣錛氭樉紺篿node淇℃伅鑰岄潪鍧椾嬌鐢ㄩ噺銆?br>錛峢錛氫互瀹規槗鐞嗚В鐨勬牸寮忓嵃鍑烘枃浠剁郴緇熷ぇ灝忥紝渚嬪136KB銆?54MB銆?1GB銆?br>錛峆錛氫嬌鐢≒OSIX杈撳嚭鏍煎紡銆?br>錛峊錛氭樉紺烘枃浠剁郴緇熺被鍨嬨?br>4.璇存槑
df鍛戒護琚箍娉涘湴鐢ㄦ潵鐢熸垚鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勪嬌鐢ㄧ粺璁℃暟鎹紝瀹冭兘鏄劇ず緋葷粺涓墍鏈夌殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勪俊鎭紝鍖呮嫭鎬誨閲忋佸彲鐢ㄧ殑絀洪棽絀洪棿銆佺洰鍓嶇殑瀹夎鐐圭瓑銆?br>瓚?
綰ф潈闄愮敤鎴蜂嬌鐢╠f鍛戒護鏃朵細鍙戠幇榪欐牱鐨勬儏鍐碉細鏌愪釜鍒嗗尯鐨勫閲忚秴榪囦簡100錛呫傝繖鏄洜涓篖inux緋葷粺涓鴻秴綰х敤鎴蜂繚鐣欎簡10錛呯殑絀洪棿錛岀敱鍏跺崟鐙敮閰嶃備篃灝辨槸
璇達紝瀵逛簬瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛鑰岃█錛屼粬鎵瑙佸埌鐨勭‖鐩樺閲忓皢鏄?10錛呫傝繖鏍風殑瀹夋帓瀵逛簬緋葷粺綆$悊鑰岃█鏄湁濂藉鐨勶紝褰撶‖鐩樿浣跨敤鐨勫閲忔帴榪?00錛呮椂緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樿繕鍙互姝e父
宸ヤ綔銆?br>5.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
Linux鏀寔鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熼潪甯稿錛屽寘鎷琂FS銆丷eiserFS銆乪xt銆乪xt2銆乪xt3銆両SO9660銆乆FS銆丮inx銆乿fat銆丮SDOS絳夈備嬌鐢╠f -T鍛戒護鏌ョ湅紓佺洏絀洪棿鏃惰繕鍙互寰楀埌鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勪俊鎭細
錛僤f 錛峊
鏂囦歡緋葷粺 綾誨瀷 瀹歸噺 宸茬敤 鍙敤 宸茬敤% 鎸傝澆鐐?br>/dev/hda7 reiserfs 5.2G 1.6G 3.7G 30% /
/dev/hda1 vfat 2.4G 1.6G 827M 66% /windows/C
/dev/hda5 vfat 3.0G 1.7G 1.3G 57% /windows/D
/dev/hda9 vfat 3.0G 2.4G 566M 82% /windows/E
/dev/hda10 NTFS 3.2G 573M 2.6G 18% /windows/F
/dev/hda11 vfat 1.6G 1.5G 23M 99% /windows/G
浠庝笂闈㈤櫎浜嗗彲浠ョ湅鍒扮鐩樼┖闂寸殑瀹歸噺銆佷嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐靛錛屽垎鍖虹殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺綾誨瀷銆佹寕杞界偣絳変俊鎭篃涓瑙堟棤閬椼?br>
top
1.浣滅敤
top鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵鏄劇ず鎵ц涓殑紼嬪簭榪涚▼錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵鏈夌敤鎴楓?br>2.鏍煎紡
top [錛峕 [d delay] [q] [c] [S] [s] [i] [n]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
d錛氭寚瀹氭洿鏂扮殑闂撮殧錛屼互縐掕綆椼?br>q錛氭病鏈変換浣曞歡榪熺殑鏇存柊銆傚鏋滀嬌鐢ㄨ呮湁瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛錛屽垯top鍛戒護灝嗕細浠ユ渶楂樼殑浼樺厛搴忔墽琛屻?br>c錛氭樉紺鴻繘紼嬪畬鏁寸殑璺緞涓庡悕縐般?br>S錛氱瘡縐ā寮忥紝浼氬皢宸卞畬鎴愭垨娑堝け鐨勫瓙琛岀▼鐨凜PU鏃墮棿绱Н璧鋒潵銆?br>s錛氬畨鍏ㄦā寮忋?br>i錛氫笉鏄劇ず浠諱綍闂茬疆(Idle)鎴栨棤鐢?Zombie)鐨勮紼嬨?br>n錛氭樉紺烘洿鏂扮殑嬈℃暟錛屽畬鎴愬悗灝嗕細閫鍑簍op銆?br>4.璇存槑
top鍛戒護鏄疞inux緋葷粺綆$悊鐨勪竴涓富瑕佸懡浠わ紝閫氳繃瀹冨彲浠ヨ幏寰楄澶氫俊鎭傝繖閲屾垜浠粨鍚堝浘1鏉ヨ鏄庡畠緇欏嚭鐨勪俊鎭?br>top鍛戒護鐨勬樉紺?br>絎?
涓琛岃〃紺虹殑欏圭洰渚濇涓哄綋鍓嶆椂闂淬佺郴緇熷惎鍔ㄦ椂闂淬佸綋鍓嶇郴緇熺櫥褰曠敤鎴鋒暟鐩佸鉤鍧囪礋杞姐傜浜岃鏄劇ず鐨勬槸鎵鏈夊惎鍔ㄧ殑榪涚▼銆佺洰鍓嶈繍琛岀殑銆佹寕璧?
(Sleeping)鐨勫拰鏃犵敤(Zombie)鐨勮繘紼嬨傜涓夎鏄劇ず鐨勬槸鐩墠CPU鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐碉紝鍖呮嫭緋葷粺鍗犵敤鐨勬瘮渚嬨佺敤鎴蜂嬌鐢ㄦ瘮渚嬨侀棽緗?Idle)姣斾緥銆?
絎洓琛屾樉紺虹墿鐞嗗唴瀛樼殑浣跨敤鎯呭喌錛屽寘鎷葷殑鍙互浣跨敤鐨勫唴瀛樸佸凡鐢ㄥ唴瀛樸佺┖闂插唴瀛樸佺紦鍐插尯鍗犵敤鐨勫唴瀛樸傜浜旇鏄劇ず浜ゆ崲鍒嗗尯浣跨敤鎯呭喌錛屽寘鎷葷殑浜ゆ崲鍒嗗尯銆佷嬌鐢?
鐨勩佺┖闂茬殑鍜岀敤浜庨珮閫熺紦瀛樼殑澶у皬銆傜鍏鏄劇ず鐨勯」鐩渶澶氾紝涓嬮潰鍒楀嚭浜嗚緇嗚В閲娿?br>PID錛圥rocess ID錛夛細榪涚▼鏍囩ず鍙楓?br>USER錛氳繘紼嬫墍鏈夎呯殑鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶃?br>PR錛氳繘紼嬬殑浼樺厛綰у埆銆?br>NI錛氳繘紼嬬殑浼樺厛綰у埆鏁板箋?br>VIRT錛氳繘紼嬪崰鐢ㄧ殑铏氭嫙鍐呭瓨鍊箋?br>RES錛氳繘紼嬪崰鐢ㄧ殑鐗╃悊鍐呭瓨鍊箋?br>SHR錛氳繘紼嬩嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍏變韓鍐呭瓨鍊箋?br>S錛氳繘紼嬬殑鐘舵侊紝鍏朵腑S琛ㄧず浼戠湢錛孯琛ㄧず姝e湪榪愯錛孼琛ㄧず鍍墊鐘舵侊紝N琛ㄧず璇ヨ繘紼嬩紭鍏堝兼槸璐熸暟銆?br>%CPU錛氳榪涚▼鍗犵敤鐨凜PU浣跨敤鐜囥?br>%MEM錛氳榪涚▼鍗犵敤鐨勭墿鐞嗗唴瀛樺拰鎬誨唴瀛樼殑鐧懼垎姣斻?br>TIME錛嬶細璇ヨ繘紼嬪惎鍔ㄥ悗鍗犵敤鐨勬葷殑CPU鏃墮棿銆?br>Command錛氳繘紼嬪惎鍔ㄧ殑鍚姩鍛戒護鍚嶇О錛屽鏋滆繖涓琛屾樉紺轟笉涓嬶紝榪涚▼浼氭湁涓涓畬鏁寸殑鍛戒護琛屻?br>top鍛戒護浣跨敤榪囩▼涓紝榪樺彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄤ竴浜涗氦浜掔殑鍛戒護鏉ュ畬鎴愬叾瀹冨弬鏁扮殑鍔熻兘銆傝繖浜涘懡浠ゆ槸閫氳繃蹇嵎閿惎鍔ㄧ殑銆?br><絀烘牸>錛氱珛鍒誨埛鏂般?br>P錛氭牴鎹瓹PU浣跨敤澶у皬榪涜鎺掑簭銆?br>T錛氭牴鎹椂闂淬佺瘡璁℃椂闂存帓搴忋?br>q錛氶鍑簍op鍛戒護銆?br>m錛氬垏鎹㈡樉紺哄唴瀛樹俊鎭?br>t錛氬垏鎹㈡樉紺鴻繘紼嬪拰CPU鐘舵佷俊鎭?br>c錛氬垏鎹㈡樉紺哄懡浠ゅ悕縐板拰瀹屾暣鍛戒護琛屻?br>M錛氭牴鎹嬌鐢ㄥ唴瀛樺ぇ灝忚繘琛屾帓搴忋?br>W錛氬皢褰撳墠璁劇疆鍐欏叆~/.toprc鏂囦歡涓傝繖鏄啓top閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鐨勬帹鑽愭柟娉曘?br>鍙互鐪嬪埌錛宼op鍛戒護鏄竴涓姛鑳藉崄鍒嗗己澶х殑鐩戞帶緋葷粺鐨勫伐鍏鳳紝瀵逛簬緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樿岃█灝ゅ叾閲嶈銆備絾鏄紝瀹冪殑緙虹偣鏄細娑堣楀緢澶氱郴緇熻祫婧愩?br>5.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
浣跨敤top鍛戒護鍙互鐩戣鎸囧畾鐢ㄦ埛錛岀己鐪佹儏鍐墊槸鐩戣鎵鏈夌敤鎴風殑榪涚▼銆傚鏋滄兂鏌ョ湅鎸囧畾鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬儏鍐碉紝鍦ㄧ粓绔腑鎸?#8220;U”閿紝鐒跺悗杈撳叆鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶏紝緋葷粺灝變細鍒囨崲涓烘寚瀹氱敤鎴風殑榪涚▼榪愯鐣岄潰錛岃鍥?鎵紺恒?br>
free
1.浣滅敤
free鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵鏄劇ず鍐呭瓨鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐碉紝浣跨敤鏉冮檺鏄墍鏈夌敤鎴楓?br>2.鏍煎紡
free [錛峛|錛峩|錛峬] [錛峯] [錛峴 delay] [錛峵] [錛峍]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峛 錛峩 錛峬錛氬垎鍒互瀛楄妭錛圞B銆丮B錛変負鍗曚綅鏄劇ず鍐呭瓨浣跨敤鎯呭喌銆?br>錛峴 delay錛氭樉紺烘瘡闅斿灝戠鏁版潵鏄劇ず涓嬈″唴瀛樹嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐點?br>錛峵錛氭樉紺哄唴瀛樻誨拰鍒椼?br>錛峯錛氫笉鏄劇ず緙撳啿鍖鴻皟鑺傚垪銆?br>4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
free鍛戒護鏄敤鏉ユ煡鐪嬪唴瀛樹嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐電殑涓昏鍛戒護銆傚拰top鍛戒護鐩告瘮錛屽畠鐨勪紭鐐規槸浣跨敤綆鍗曪紝騫朵笖鍙崰鐢ㄥ緢灝戠殑緋葷粺璧勬簮銆傞氳繃錛峉鍙傛暟鍙互浣跨敤free鍛戒護涓嶉棿鏂湴鐩戣鏈夊灝戝唴瀛樺湪浣跨敤錛岃繖鏍峰彲浠ユ妸瀹冨綋浣滀竴涓柟渚垮疄鏃剁洃鎺у櫒銆?br>錛僨ree 錛峛 錛峴5
浣跨敤榪欎釜鍛戒護鍚庣粓绔細榪炵畫涓嶆柇鍦版姤鍛婂唴瀛樹嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐碉紙浠ュ瓧鑺備負鍗曚綅錛夛紝姣?縐掓洿鏂頒竴嬈°?br>
quota
1.浣滅敤
quota鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵鏄劇ず紓佺洏浣跨敤鎯呭喌鍜岄檺鍒舵儏鍐碉紝浣跨敤鏉冮檺瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛銆?br>2.鏍煎紡
quota [錛峠][錛島][錛峷][錛峱] 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?緇勫悕
3.鍙傛暟
錛峠錛氭樉紺虹敤鎴鋒墍鍦ㄧ粍鐨勭鐩樹嬌鐢ㄩ檺鍒躲?br>錛島錛氭樉紺虹敤鎴風殑紓佺洏浣跨敤闄愬埗銆?br>錛峷錛氭樉紺烘病鏈夊垎閰嶇┖闂寸殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勫垎閰嶆儏鍐點?br>錛峱錛氭樉紺虹畝鍖栦俊鎭?br>4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
鍦ㄤ紒涓氬簲鐢ㄤ腑紓佺洏閰嶉闈炲父閲嶈錛屾櫘閫氱敤鎴瘋瀛︿細鐪嬫噦鑷繁鐨勭鐩樹嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐點傝鏌ヨ鑷繁鐨勭鐩橀厤棰濆彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄤ笅闈㈠懡浠わ紙涓嬩緥涓敤鎴瘋處鍙鋒槸caojh)錛?br>錛僸uota caojh
Disk quotas for user caojh(uid 502):
Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace
/dev/hda3 58 200000 400000 41 500 1000
浠ヤ笂鏄劇ずID鍙蜂負502鐨刢aojh璐﹀彿錛屾枃浠朵釜鏁拌緗負500锝?000涓紝紜洏絀洪棿闄愬埗璁劇疆涓?00MB锝?00MB銆備竴鏃︾鐩橀厤棰濊鐢ㄥ畬鏃訛紝灝遍渶瑕佸垹闄や竴浜涘瀮鍦炬枃浠舵垨鍚戠郴緇熺鐞嗗憳璇鋒眰榪藉姞閰嶉銆?br>
at
1.浣滅敤
at鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵鍦ㄦ寚瀹氭椂鍒繪墽琛屾寚瀹氱殑鍛戒護搴忓垪銆?br>2.鏍煎紡
at [錛峍] [錛峲 x] [錛峟 file] [錛峬] time
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峍錛氭樉紺烘爣鍑嗛敊璇緭鍑恒?br>錛峲錛氳澶氶槦鍒楄緭鍑恒?br>錛峟錛氫粠鏂囦歡涓鍙栦綔涓氥?br>錛峬錛氭墽琛屽畬浣滀笟鍚庡彂閫佺數瀛愰偖浠跺埌鐢ㄦ埛銆?br>time錛氳瀹氫綔涓氭墽琛岀殑鏃墮棿銆倀ime鏍煎紡鏈変弗鏍肩殑瑕佹眰錛岀敱灝忔椂銆佸垎閽熴佹棩鏈熷拰鏃墮棿鐨勫亸縐婚噺緇勬垚錛屽叾涓棩鏈熺殑鏍煎紡涓篗M.DD.YY錛孧M鏄垎閽燂紝DD鏄棩鏈燂紝YY鏄寚騫翠喚銆傚亸縐婚噺鐨勬牸寮忎負鏃墮棿錛嬪亸縐婚噺錛屽崟浣嶆槸minutes銆乭ours鍜宒ays銆?br>4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
錛僡t 錛峟 data 15:30 +2 days
涓婇潰鍛戒護琛ㄧず璁╃郴緇熷湪涓ゅぉ鍚庣殑17錛?0鎵ц鏂囦歡data涓寚鏄庣殑浣滀笟銆?br>
lp
1.浣滅敤
lp鏄墦鍗版枃浠剁殑鍛戒護錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵鏈夌敤鎴楓?br>2.鏍煎紡
lp [錛峜][錛峝][錛峬][錛峮umber][錛峵itle][-p]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峜錛氬厛鎷瘋礉鏂囦歡鍐嶆墦鍗般?br>錛峝錛氭墦鍗伴槦鍒楁枃浠躲?br>錛峬錛氭墦鍗扮粨鏉熷悗鍙戦佺數瀛愰偖浠跺埌鐢ㄦ埛銆?br>錛峮umber錛氭墦鍗頒喚鏁般?br>錛峵itle錛氭墦鍗版爣棰樸?br>錛峱錛氳瀹氭墦鍗扮殑浼樺厛綰у埆錛屾渶楂樹負100銆?br>4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
錛?錛変嬌鐢╨p鍛戒護鎵撳嵃澶氫釜鏂囦歡
錛僱p 2 3 4
request id is 11 (3 file(s))
鍏朵腑2銆?銆?鍒嗗埆鏄枃浠跺悕錛?#8220;request id is 11 (3 file(s)) ”琛ㄧず榪欐槸絎?1涓墦鍗板懡浠わ紝渚濇鎵撳嵃榪欎笁涓枃浠躲?br>錛?錛夎瀹氭墦鍗頒紭鍏堢駭鍒?br>錛僱p lp -d LaserJet -p 90 /etc/aliases
閫氳繃娣誨姞“-p 90”錛岃瀹氫簡鎵撳嵃浣滀笟鐨勪紭鍏堢駭涓?0銆傚畠灝嗗湪浼樺厛綰т綆浜?0鐨勬墦鍗頒綔涓氫箣鍓嶆墦鍗幫紝鍖呮嫭娌℃湁璁劇疆浼樺厛綰х殑浣滀笟錛岀己鐪佷紭鍏堢駭鏄?0
useradd
1.浣滅敤
useradd鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵寤虹珛鐢ㄦ埛甯愬彿鍜屽垱寤虹敤鎴風殑璧峰鐩綍錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛銆?br>2.鏍煎紡
useradd [錛峝 home] [錛峴 shell] [錛峜 comment] [錛峬 [錛峩 template]] [錛峟 inactive] [錛峞 expire ] [錛峱 passwd] [錛峳] name
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峜錛氬姞涓婂娉ㄦ枃瀛楋紝澶囨敞鏂囧瓧淇濆瓨鍦╬asswd鐨勫娉ㄦ爮涓傘
錛峝錛氭寚瀹氱敤鎴風櫥鍏ユ椂鐨勫惎濮嬬洰褰曘?br>錛岲錛氬彉鏇撮璁懼箋?br>錛峞錛氭寚瀹氳處鍙風殑鏈夋晥鏈熼檺錛岀己鐪佽〃紺烘案涔呮湁鏁堛?br>錛峟錛氭寚瀹氬湪瀵嗙爜榪囨湡鍚庡灝戝ぉ鍗沖叧闂璐﹀彿銆?br>錛峠錛氭寚瀹氱敤鎴鋒墍灞炵殑緹ょ粍銆?br>錛岹錛氭寚瀹氱敤鎴鋒墍灞炵殑闄勫姞緹ょ粍銆?br>錛峬錛氳嚜鍔ㄥ緩绔嬬敤鎴風殑鐧誨叆鐩綍銆?br>錛峂錛氫笉瑕佽嚜鍔ㄥ緩绔嬬敤鎴風殑鐧誨叆鐩綍銆?br>錛峮錛氬彇娑堝緩绔嬩互鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶇О涓哄悕鐨勭兢緇勩?br>錛峳錛氬緩绔嬬郴緇熻處鍙楓?br>錛峴錛氭寚瀹氱敤鎴風櫥鍏ュ悗鎵浣跨敤鐨剆hell銆?br>錛島錛氭寚瀹氱敤鎴稩D鍙楓?br>4.璇存槑
useradd鍙敤鏉ュ緩绔嬬敤鎴瘋處鍙鳳紝瀹冨拰adduser鍛戒護鏄浉鍚岀殑銆傝處鍙峰緩濂戒箣鍚庯紝鍐嶇敤passwd璁懼畾璐﹀彿鐨勫瘑鐮併備嬌鐢╱seradd鍛戒護鎵寤虹珛鐨勮處鍙鳳紝瀹為檯涓婃槸淇濆瓨鍦?etc/passwd鏂囨湰鏂囦歡涓?br>5.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
寤虹珛涓涓柊鐢ㄦ埛璐︽埛錛屽茍璁劇疆ID錛?br>錛僽seradd caojh 錛島 544
闇瑕佽鏄庣殑鏄紝璁懼畾ID鍊兼椂灝介噺瑕佸ぇ浜?00錛屼互鍏嶅啿紿併傚洜涓篖inux瀹夎鍚庝細寤虹珛涓浜涚壒孌婄敤鎴鳳紝涓鑸?鍒?99涔嬮棿鐨勫肩暀緇檅in銆乵ail榪欐牱鐨勭郴緇熻處鍙楓?br>
groupadd
1.浣滅敤
groupadd鍛戒護鐢ㄤ簬灝嗘柊緇勫姞鍏ョ郴緇熴?br>2.鏍煎紡
groupadd [錛峠 gid] [錛峯]] [錛峳] [錛峟] groupname
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峠 gid錛氭寚瀹氱粍ID鍙楓?br>錛峯錛氬厑璁哥粍ID鍙鳳紝涓嶅繀鎯熶竴銆?br>錛峳錛氬姞鍏ョ粍ID鍙鳳紝浣庝簬499緋葷粺璐﹀彿銆?br>錛峟錛氬姞鍏ュ凡緇忔湁鐨勭粍鏃訛紝鍙戝睍紼嬪簭閫鍑恒?br>4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
寤虹珛涓涓柊緇勶紝騫惰緗粍ID鍔犲叆緋葷粺錛?br>錛僩roupadd 錛峠 344 cjh
姝ゆ椂鍦?etc/passwd鏂囦歡涓駭鐢熶竴涓粍ID錛圙ID錛夋槸344鐨勯」鐩?br>
kill
1.浣滅敤
kill鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵涓涓涓繘紼嬨?br>2.鏍煎紡
kill [ 錛峴 signal | 錛峱 ] [ 錛峚 ] pid ...
kill 錛峫 [ signal ]
3.鍙傛暟
錛峴錛氭寚瀹氬彂閫佺殑淇″彿銆?br>錛峱錛氭ā鎷熷彂閫佷俊鍙楓?br>錛峫錛氭寚瀹氫俊鍙風殑鍚嶇О鍒楄〃銆?br>pid錛氳涓榪涚▼鐨処D鍙楓?br>Signal錛氳〃紺轟俊鍙楓?br>4.璇存槑
榪涚▼鏄疞inux緋葷粺涓竴涓潪甯擱噸瑕佺殑姒傚康銆侺inux鏄竴涓浠誨姟鐨勬搷浣滅郴緇燂紝緋葷粺涓婄粡甯稿悓鏃惰繍琛岀潃澶氫釜榪涚▼銆傛垜浠笉鍏沖績榪欎簺榪涚▼絀剁珶鏄浣曞垎閰嶇殑錛屾垨鑰呮槸鍐呮牳濡備綍綆$悊鍒嗛厤鏃墮棿鐗囩殑錛屾墍鍏沖績鐨勬槸濡備綍鍘繪帶鍒惰繖浜涜繘紼嬶紝璁╁畠浠兘澶熷緢濂藉湴涓虹敤鎴鋒湇鍔°?br>Linux
鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鍖呮嫭涓夌涓嶅悓綾誨瀷鐨勮繘紼嬶紝姣忕榪涚▼閮芥湁鑷繁鐨勭壒鐐瑰拰灞炴с備氦浜掕繘紼嬫槸鐢變竴涓猄hell鍚姩鐨勮繘紼嬨備氦浜掕繘紼嬫棦鍙互鍦ㄥ墠鍙拌繍琛岋紝涔熷彲浠ュ湪鍚庡彴榪愯銆?
鎵瑰鐞嗚繘紼嬪拰緇堢娌℃湁鑱旂郴錛屾槸涓涓繘紼嬪簭鍒椼傜洃鎺ц繘紼嬶紙涔熺О緋葷粺瀹堟姢榪涚▼錛夋椂Linux緋葷粺鍚姩鏃跺惎鍔ㄧ殑榪涚▼錛屽茍鍦ㄥ悗鍙拌繍琛屻備緥濡傦紝httpd鏄憲鍚嶇殑
Apache鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鐩戞帶榪涚▼銆?br>kill鍛戒護鐨勫伐浣滃師鐞嗘槸錛屽悜Linux緋葷粺鐨勫唴鏍稿彂閫佷竴涓郴緇熸搷浣滀俊鍙峰拰鏌愪釜紼嬪簭鐨勮繘紼嬫爣璇嗗彿錛岀劧鍚庣郴緇熷唴鏍稿氨
鍙互瀵硅繘紼嬫爣璇嗗彿鎸囧畾鐨勮繘紼嬭繘琛屾搷浣溿傛瘮濡傚湪top鍛戒護涓紝鎴戜滑鐪嬪埌緋葷粺榪愯璁稿榪涚▼錛屾湁鏃跺氨闇瑕佷嬌鐢╧ill涓鏌愪簺榪涚▼鏉ユ彁楂樼郴緇熻祫婧愩傚湪璁茶В瀹夎鍜?
鐧婚檰鍛戒護鏃訛紝鏇炬彁鍒扮郴緇熷涓櫄鎷熸帶鍒跺彴鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸褰撲竴涓▼搴忓嚭閿欓犳垚緋葷粺姝婚攣鏃訛紝鍙互鍒囨崲鍒板叾瀹冭櫄鎷熸帶鍒跺彴宸ヤ綔鍏抽棴榪欎釜紼嬪簭銆傛鏃朵嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍛戒護灝辨槸kill錛?
鍥犱負kill鏄ぇ澶氭暟Shell鍐呴儴鍛戒護鍙互鐩存帴璋冪敤鐨勩?br>5.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
錛?錛夊己琛屼腑姝紙緇忓父浣跨敤鏉鎺夛級涓涓繘紼嬫爣璇嗗彿涓?24鐨勮繘紼嬶細
錛僰ill 錛? 324
錛?錛夎В闄inux緋葷粺鐨勬閿?br>鍦↙inux
涓湁鏃朵細鍙戠敓榪欐牱涓縐嶆儏鍐碉細涓涓▼搴忓穿婧冿紝騫朵笖澶勪簬姝婚攣鐨勭姸鎬併傛鏃朵竴鑸笉鐢ㄩ噸鏂板惎鍔ㄨ綆楁満錛屽彧闇瑕佷腑姝?鎴栬呰鏄叧闂?榪欎釜鏈夐棶棰樼殑紼嬪簭鍗沖彲銆傚綋
kill澶勪簬X-Window鐣岄潰鏃訛紝涓昏鐨勭▼搴?闄や簡宕╂簝鐨勭▼搴忎箣澶?涓鑸兘宸茬粡姝e父鍚姩浜嗐傛鏃舵墦寮涓涓粓绔紝鍦ㄩ偅閲屼腑姝㈡湁闂鐨勭▼搴忋傛瘮濡傦紝濡傛灉
Mozilla嫻忚鍣ㄧ▼搴忓嚭鐜頒簡閿佹鐨勬儏鍐碉紝鍙互浣跨敤kill鍛戒護鏉ヤ腑姝㈡墍鏈夊寘鍚湁Mozolla嫻忚鍣ㄧ殑紼嬪簭銆傞鍏堢敤top鍛戒護鏌ュ璇ョ▼搴忕殑PID錛岀劧
鍚庝嬌鐢╧ill鍛戒護鍋滄榪欎釜紼嬪簭錛?br>錛僰ill 錛峉IGKILL XXX
鍏朵腑錛孹XX鏄寘鍚湁Mozolla嫻忚鍣ㄧ殑紼嬪簭鐨勮繘紼嬫爣璇嗗彿銆?br>錛?錛変嬌鐢ㄥ懡浠ゅ洖鏀跺唴瀛?br>鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾鍐呭瓨瀵逛簬緋葷粺鏄潪甯擱噸瑕佺殑錛屽洖鏀跺唴瀛樺彲浠ユ彁楂樼郴緇熻祫婧愩俴ill鍛戒護鍙互鍙婃椂鍦頒腑姝竴浜?#8220;瓚婅建”鐨勭▼搴忔垨寰堥暱鏃墮棿娌℃湁鐩稿簲鐨勭▼搴忋備緥濡傦紝浣跨敤top鍛戒護鍙戠幇涓涓棤鐢?(Zombie) 鐨勮繘紼嬶紝姝ゆ椂鍙互浣跨敤涓嬮潰鍛戒護錛?br>錛僰ill 錛? XXX
鍏朵腑錛孹XX鏄棤鐢ㄧ殑榪涚▼鏍囪瘑鍙楓?br>鐒跺悗浣跨敤涓嬮潰鍛戒護錛?br>錛僨ree
姝ゆ椂浼氬彂鐜板彲鐢ㄥ唴瀛樺閲忓鍔犱簡銆?br>錛?錛塳illall鍛戒護
Linux涓嬭繕鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓猭illall鍛戒護錛屽彲浠ョ洿鎺ヤ嬌鐢ㄨ繘紼嬬殑鍚嶅瓧鑰屼笉鏄繘紼嬫爣璇嗗彿錛屼緥濡傦細
錛?killall -HUP inetd
crontab
1.浣滅敤
浣跨敤crontab鍛戒護鍙互淇敼crontab閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛岀劧鍚庤閰嶇疆鐢眂ron鍏敤紼嬪簭鍦ㄩ傚綋鐨勬椂闂存墽琛岋紝璇ュ懡浠や嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵鏈夌敤鎴楓?br>2.鏍煎紡
crontab [ 錛島 user ] 鏂囦歡
crontab [ 錛島 user ] { 錛峫 | 錛峳 | 錛峞 }
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峞錛氭墽琛屾枃瀛楃紪杈戝櫒鏉ヨ瀹氭椂紼嬭〃錛屽唴瀹氱殑鏂囧瓧緙栬緫鍣ㄦ槸vi銆?br>錛峳錛氬垹闄ょ洰鍓嶇殑鏃剁▼琛ㄣ?br>錛峫錛氬垪鍑虹洰鍓嶇殑鏃剁▼琛ㄣ?br>crontab
鏂囦歡鐨勬牸寮忎負“M H D m d
cmd”銆傚叾涓紝M浠h〃鍒嗛挓錛?锝?9錛夛紝H浠h〃灝忔椂錛?锝?3錛夛紝D浠h〃澶╋紙1锝?1錛夛紝m浠h〃鏈堬紙1锝?2錛夛紝d浠h〃涓鏄熸湡鍐呯殑澶╋紙0锝?錛?涓烘槦鏈?
澶╋級銆俢md琛ㄧず瑕佽繍琛岀殑紼嬪簭錛屽畠琚佸叆sh鎵ц錛岃繖涓猄hell鍙湁USER銆丠OME銆丼HELL涓変釜鐜鍙橀噺銆?br>4.璇存槑
鍜宎t鍛戒護鐩告瘮錛宑rontab鍛戒護閫傚悎瀹屾垚鍥哄畾鍛ㄦ湡鐨勪換鍔°?br>5.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
璁劇疆涓涓畾鏃躲佸畾鏈熺殑緋葷粺鎻愮ず錛?br>[cao @www cao]#crontab 錛峞
姝ゆ椂緋葷粺浼氭墦寮涓涓獀i緙栬緫鍣ㄣ?br>濡傛灉杈撳叆浠ヤ笅鍐呭錛?5 17 * * 5 wall "Tomorrow is Saturday I will go CS"錛岀劧鍚庡瓨鐩橀鍑恒傝繖鏃跺湪/var/spool/cron/鐩綍涓嬩細鐢熶駭涓涓猚ao鐨勬枃浠訛紝鍐呭濡備笅錛?br># DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE 錛?edit the master and reinstall.
# (/tmp/crontab.2707 installed on Thu Jan 1 22:01:51 2004)
# (Cron version 錛嶏紞 $Id: crontab.c,v 2.13 1994/01/17 03:20:37 vixie Exp $)
35 17 * * 5 wall "Tomorrow is Saturday I will play CS "
榪欐牱姣忎釜鏄熸湡浜?7錛?5緋葷粺灝變細寮瑰嚭涓涓粓绔紝鎻愰啋鏄熸湡鍏彲浠ユ墦鎵揅S浜嗭紒鏄劇ず緇撴灉瑙佸浘3鎵紺恒?br>鍔ㄦ墜緇冧範
1.鑱斿悎浣跨敤kill鍜宼op鍛戒護瑙傚療緋葷粺鎬ц兘鐨勫彉鍖?br>棣栧厛鍚姩涓涓粓绔繍琛宼op鍛戒護錛岀劧鍚庡啀鍚姩涓涓粓绔嬌鐢╧ill鍛戒護錛岃鍥?鎵紺恒?br>榪欐椂鍒╃敤涓婇潰浠嬬粛鐨刱ill鍛戒護鏉ヤ腑姝竴浜涚▼搴忥細
錛僰ill SIGKILL XXX
鐒跺悗鍐嶇湅top鍛戒護緇堢鐨勫彉鍖栵紝鍖呮嫭鍐呭瓨瀹歸噺銆丆PU浣跨敤鐜囥佺郴緇熻礋杞界瓑銆傛敞鎰忥紝鏈変簺榪涚▼鏄笉鑳戒腑姝㈢殑錛屼笉榪囧涔燣inux鍛戒護鏃跺彲浠ヨ瘯璇曪紝鐪嬬湅緋葷粺鏈変粈涔堝弽搴斻?br>2.浣跨敤at鍜宧alt鍛戒護瀹氭椂鍏蟲満
棣栧厛璁懼畾鍏蟲満鏃墮棿鏄?7:35錛岃緭鍏ヤ笅闈唬鐮侊細
錛僡t 17:35
warning: commands will be executed using (in order) a) $SHELL b) login shell c) /bin/sh
at>halt `-i 錛峱
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job 6 at 2004錛?1錛?1 17:35
姝?
鏃跺疄闄呬笂灝卞凡緇忚繘鍏inux緋葷粺鐨凷hell錛屽茍涓旂紪鍐欎竴涓渶綆鍗曠▼搴忥細halt 錛峣
錛峱銆備笂闈hell涓殑鏂囨湰緇撴潫絎﹀彿琛ㄧず鎸?#8220;Ctrl錛婦”緇勫悎閿叧闂懡浠わ紝鎻愪氦浠誨姟閫鍑篠hell銆?#8220;Job 6 at 2004錛?1錛?1
17:35”琛ㄧず緋葷粺鎺ュ彈絎?涓猘t鍛戒護錛屽湪“2004錛?1錛?1 17:35”鏃舵墽琛屽懡浠わ細鍏堟妸鎵鏈夌綉緇滅浉鍏崇殑瑁呯疆鍋滄錛屽叧闂郴緇熷悗鍏抽棴鐢墊簮銆?br>3.鐢╟rontab鍛戒護瀹炵幇姣忓ぉ瀹氭椂鐨勭梾姣掓壂鎻?br>鍓嶉潰宸茬粡浠嬬粛浜嗕竴涓畝鍗曠殑crontab鍛戒護鎿嶄綔錛岃繖閲岀湅涓浜涙洿閲嶈鐨勬搷浣溿?br>錛?錛夊緩绔嬩竴涓枃浠訛紝鏂囦歡鍚嶇О鑷繁璁懼畾錛屽亣璁句負caoproject錛?br>錛僣rontab 錛峞
錛?錛夋枃浠跺唴瀹瑰涓嬶細
05 09 * * * antivir
鐢╲i緙栬緫鍚庡瓨鐩橀鍑恒俛ntivir鏄竴涓煡鏉Linux鐥呮瘨鐨勮蔣浠訛紝褰撶劧闇瑕佹椂鍏堝畨瑁呭湪緋葷粺涓?br>錛?錛変嬌鐢╟rontab鍛戒護娣誨姞鍒頒換鍔″垪琛ㄤ腑錛?br>錛僣rontab caoproject
榪欐牱緋葷粺鍐呮墍鏈夌敤鎴峰湪姣忓ぉ鐨?鐐?5鍒嗕細鑷姩榪涜鐥呮瘨鎵弿銆?br>4.鐢╧ill浣夸慨鏀圭殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡椹笂鐢熸晥
Windows鐢ㄦ埛涓鑸兘鐭ラ亾錛岄噸瑕侀厤緗枃浠朵慨鏀瑰悗寰寰閮借閲嶆柊鍚姩璁$畻鏈烘墠鑳戒嬌淇敼鐢熸晥銆傝孡inux鐢變簬閲囩敤浜嗘ā鍧楀寲璁捐錛屽彲浠ヨ嚜宸辨牴鎹渶瑕佸疄鏃惰瀹氭湇鍔°傝繖閲屼互緗戠粶鏈嶅姟inetd涓轟緥浠嬬粛涓浜涙搷浣滄妧宸с?br>inetd
鏄竴涓洃鍚畧鎶よ繘紼嬶紝鐩戝惉涓庢彁渚涗簰鑱旂綉鏈嶅姟榪涚▼錛堝rlogin銆乼elnet銆乫tp銆乺sh錛夎繘琛岃繛鎺ョ殑瑕佹眰錛屽茍鎵╁睍鎵闇鐨勬湇鍔¤繘紼嬨傞粯璁ゆ儏鍐?
涓嬶紝inetd鐩戝惉鐨勮繖浜沝aemon鍧囧垪浜?etc
/inetd.conf鏂囦歡涓傜紪杈?etc/inetd.conf鏂囦歡錛屽彲浠ユ敼鍙榠netd鍚姩鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ畧鎶よ繘紼嬬殑閫夐」錛岀劧鍚庨┍浣縤netd浠?
SIGHUP錛坰ignal 1錛夊悜褰撳墠鐨刬netd榪涚▼鍙戦佷俊鍙鳳紝浣縤netd閲嶈璇ユ枃浠躲傝繖涓榪囩▼鐢眐ill鍛戒護鏉ュ疄鐜般?br>鐢╲i鎴栧叾瀹冪紪杈戝櫒淇敼inetd.conf鍚庯紝棣栧厛浣跨敤涓嬮潰鍛戒護錛?br>錛僷s -ef |grep inetd
涓婇潰浠g爜琛ㄦ槑鏌ヨinetd.conf鐨勮繘紼嬪彿(PID)錛岃繖閲屽亣璁炬槸1426錛岀劧鍚庝嬌鐢ㄤ笅闈㈠懡浠わ細
錛?kill -1426 inetd
榪欐牱閰嶇疆鏂囦歡灝辯敓鏁堜簡銆?br>榪欎簺緋葷粺綆$悊鍛戒護閮芥槸姣旇緝閲嶈鐨勶紝鐗瑰埆鏄痗rontab鍛戒護鍜宷uota鍛戒護浣跨敤璧鋒潵浼氭湁涓瀹氶毦搴︼紝闇瑕佸鍋氫竴浜涚粌涔犮傚彟澶栵紝浣跨敤kill鍛戒護瑕佹敞鎰?#8220;錛?“榪欎釜鍙傛暟錛岀粌涔犳椂鏈濂戒笉瑕佽繍琛屼竴浜涢噸瑕佺殑紼嬪簭銆?/span>
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