鍐呰仛搴︼細(xì)紼嬪簭涓搷浣滀箣闂磋仈緋葷揣瀵嗙殑紼嬪害錛屽弽搴斾竴涓瓙紼嬪簭鍐呴儴鎴愪喚鐩鎬簰鑱旂郴鐨勫己搴?/p>
鑰﹀悎搴︼細(xì)涓ゅ瓙紼嬪簭涔嬮棿鑱旂郴鐨勫己搴?/p>
鏄劇劧錛岀▼搴忚璁＄殑鐩爣鏄己鍐呰仛鍜屾澗鑰﹀悎錛堝瓙紼嬪簭鍐呴儴瀹屾暣鎬у己錛屼笌鍏朵粬瀛愮▼搴忕殑鑱旂郴鐏墊椿錛岀▼搴﹀皬錛夈?/p>
鍔熻兘鍒嗚В鏄潰鍚戣繃紼嬭璁℃椂寰堣嚜鐒剁殑涓縐嶅鐞嗗鏉傞棶棰樼殑鏂規(guī)硶錛屽畠鐨勫熀鏈濇兂鏄妸闂鎷嗗垎鎴愬涓姛鑳芥楠ゃ傦紝鐢變簬“闇姹傛諱細(xì)鍙戠敓鍙樺寲”錛屽洜姝や笉鍙伩鍏嶇殑紼嬪簭璁捐鏃惰澶勭悊鍙樺寲銆傚姝ゅ姛鑳藉垎瑙ｇ殑瀵圭瓥鏄ā鍧楀寲璁捐錛屼絾鏄ā鍧楀寲璁捐鐨勪竴澶х己鐐規(guī)槸浣庤仛鍚堝拰绱ц﹀悎錛?#8220;鐗典竴鍙戣屽姩鍏ㄨ韓”銆?/p>
UML Relationships(鍏崇郴)鍒濇帰
鍩烘湰鍏崇郴鏈夊洓縐?渚濊禆(Dependency), 鍏寵仈(Association), 娉涘寲(Generalization),瀹炵幇(Realization)
姣忕閮藉彲浠ョ粏鍖栦負(fù)鍙樹綋銆?br>
渚濊禆鍏崇郴(Dependency)
鏄簨鐗?Thing)涔嬮棿鐨勫叧緋? 鍥犳鍖呮嫭綾諱箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴銆佸寘涔嬮棿鐨勫叧緋匯佺敤渚嬩箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴銆佸璞′箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴銆佸緩妯″厓绱犱笌妯″瀷涔嬮棿鐨勫叧緋葷瓑銆?br> 渚濊禆鍏崇郴鐢ㄨ櫄綰垮姞鏅氱澶磋〃紺?鐢卞鎴?婧?)鎸囧悜渚涘簲(鐩爣*)
涓や釜綾諱箣闂寸殑渚濊禆鍏崇郴鍙互鏄細(xì)
瀹㈡埛綾昏闂畾涔夊湪渚涘簲鑰呯被鍐呴儴鐨勬暟鎹?br> 瀹㈡埛綾葷殑鎿嶄綔璋冪敤浜?jiǎn)瀹氫箟鍦ㄤ緵搴旇呯被鍐呴儴鐨勬搷浣?br> 瀹㈡埛綾葷殑榪斿洖綾繪垨鍙傛暟鏄緵搴旇呯被鐨勫疄渚?br> 濡傛灉鍦ㄩ『搴忓浘涓殑涓や釜瀵硅薄瀛樺湪娑堟伅鐨勪紶閫侊紝鑰屼笖瀹冧滑涔嬮棿娌℃湁緇撴瀯鏂歸潰鐨勮繛鎺ワ紝鍙互鍦ㄧ被鍥句笂鐢ㄤ緷璧栧叧緋誨緩妯°?br>
綾諱箣闂翠緷璧栧叧緋葷殑緇嗗寲錛?br>a.鍙嬪厓渚濊禆<<friend>>
鐩爣綾昏婧愮被涓哄弸鍏冿紝鍏佽婧愮被璁塊棶鐩爣綾葷殑鎵鏈夌鏈夊睘鎬у拰鎿嶄綔
渚? 鐩爣綾伙細(xì)浜屽弶鏍?wèi)锛屾簮绫诲Q氳凱浠ｅ櫒
b.瀵煎嚭渚濊禆<<derive>>
婧愮被鍙互浠庣洰鏍囩被閫氳繃璁＄畻寰楀嚭銆?br> 渚? 婧愮被: 騫撮緞Age 鐩爣綾? 鍑虹敓鏃ユ湡
c.緇嗗寲渚濊禆<<refine>>
鍦ㄧ被鍥句腑琛ㄧず鍚屼竴妯″瀷鐨勪笉鍚岃緇嗙▼搴︾殑瑙勬牸璇存槑錛屾簮綾繪瘮鐩爣綾繪洿涓鴻緇?
d.瀹炰緥鍖栦緷璧?lt;<instantiate>>
涓涓被鐨勫璞℃槸鐢卞彟涓涓殑瀵硅薄鍒涘緩錛屽垯縐頒負(fù)瀹炰緥鍖栦緷璧栥傛簮綾誨垱寤轟簡(jiǎn)鐩爣鐨勪竴涓疄渚?br> 渚嬶細(xì)婧愮被: Array 鐩爣綾? Stack
e.浣跨敤渚濊禆<<use>>
涓嶅姞浠諱綍淇グ鐨勪緷璧栧嵆涓轟嬌鐢ㄤ緷璧栥?br> 濡侭inary Search Tree綾諱嬌鐢ㄤ緷璧栦簬Binary Tree綾?br>f.緇戝畾(Binding)渚濊禆
鐩爣綾繪槸妯℃澘綾伙紝婧愮被鏄ā鏉垮疄渚嬪寲鍚庣殑綾?br>
鍖?package)涔嬮棿渚濊禆鍏崇郴鐨勭粏鍖?
a.璁塊棶渚濊禆<<access>>
婧愬寘琚巿浜堜簡(jiǎn)鍙闂洰鏍囧寘鐨勬潈闄?br>b.瀵煎叆渚濊禆<<import>>
瀹冭〃鏄庝簡(jiǎn)婧愬寘鍙互璁塊棶鐩爣鍖呴噷鐨勫厓绱狅紝浣嗗悇涓寘鏈夎嚜宸辯嫭绔嬬殑鍛藉悕絀洪棿錛岃繖鎰忓懗鐫灞炰簬涓嶅悓鍖呯殑涓や釜鍏冪礌鍙互閲嶅悕銆傚鍏?br> 渚濊禆鍙互浣跨洰鏍囧寘鍐呯殑鍏叡鍙鍏冪礌榪涘叆婧愬寘鐨勫懡鍚嶇┖闂淬?br>
鐢ㄤ緥(use case)涔嬮棿渚濊禆鍏崇郴鐨勭粏鍖?
a.鍖呭惈渚濊禆<<include>>
婧愮敤渚嬫樉寮忕殑鍖呭惈鐩爣鐢ㄤ緥浣滀負(fù)鍏惰涓虹殑涓閮ㄥ垎銆傛鏃舵簮鐢ㄤ緥縐頒負(fù)鍩虹敤渚嬶紝鐩爣鐢ㄤ緥縐頒負(fù)鍐呭惈鐢ㄤ緥
濡傛灉涓や釜鐢ㄤ緥瀛樺湪鍖呭惈渚濊禆鍏崇郴錛屽垯璇存槑鍩虹敤渚嬬殑鍔ㄤ綔搴忓垪涓惈鏈夌壒瀹氱殑姝ラ鎶婂唴鍚敤渚嬬殑鍔ㄤ綔搴忓垪鍖呭惈榪涙潵
b.鎵╁睍渚濊禆<<extend>>
瀹冭〃鏄庢簮鐢ㄤ緥鎵╁睍浜?jiǎn)鐩爣鐢ㄤ緥鐨勮湄?fù)銆傛鏃訛紝婧愮敤渚嬬О涓哄熀鐢ㄤ緥錛岀洰鏍囩敤渚嬬О涓烘墿灞曠敤渚嬨?br> 鎵╁睍鐢ㄤ緥鍦ㄧ壒瀹氭潯浠朵笅涓哄熀鐢ㄤ緥鎻愪緵闄勫姞鐨勫姩鎬佽涓恒?br> 渚嬪錛屽湪浜烘満浜や簰榪囩▼(鍩虹敤渚?涓嚭鐜板樊閿欐椂榪涜鐨勫紓甯稿鐞嗗嵆涓烘墿灞曞姩浣溿?br> 鎵╁睍渚濊禆涓庡寘鍚緷璧栫殑鍖哄埆鍦ㄤ簬錛屽鏋滀粎灝嗘墿灞曚粠鍩虹敤渚嬪湴鍔ㄤ綔搴忓垪涓幓闄わ紝鍩虹敤渚嬩粛鐒舵槸璇箟瀹屽鐨勶紝
鍗沖畠鐨勬墽琛屼粛灝嗕駭鐢熸湁鎰忎箟鐨勭粨鏋溿傝屽寘鍚緷璧栧垯涓嶇劧銆?br>
瀵硅薄涔嬮棿渚濊禆鍏崇郴鐨勭粏鍖?
a.杞崲渚濊禆<<become>>
褰撻渶瑕佸湪浜や簰鍥句笂琛ㄧず瀵硅薄鐘舵佺殑杞崲鏃跺彲浠ョ敤杞崲渚濊禆銆備富瑕佸己璋冪敱浜庢秷鎭屽鑷村璞＄姸鎬佺殑鏀瑰彉銆?br> 杞崲渚濊禆榪炴帴鐨勭洰鏍囧璞″拰婧愬璞℃槸鍚屼竴涓璞°?br>b.璋冪敤渚濊禆<<call>>
褰撻渶瑕佸湪浜や簰鍥炬垨瀵硅薄鍥句笂鏄懼紡寮鴻皟瀵硅薄涔嬮棿鎴栨搷浣滀箣闂寸殑璋冪敤鍏崇郴鏃惰鐢ㄨ皟鐢ㄤ緷璧栥?br> 瀹冭〃鏄庢簮瀵硅薄寮曠敤浜?jiǎn)鐩爣瀵硅薄鐨勬搷浣滃Q屾垨婧愭搷浣滃紩鐢ㄤ簡(jiǎn)鐩爣鎿嶄綔銆?br>c.澶嶅埗渚濊禆<<copy>>
涓轟簡(jiǎn)鍦ㄤ氦浜掑浘鎴栨椿鍔ㄥ浘涓婃弿榪板璞″鍒剁殑鍔ㄤ綔鍙互閲囩敤澶嶅埗渚濊禆銆傚畠榪炴帴涓や釜瀵硅薄錛岀洰鏍囧璞℃槸婧愬璞＄殑瀹屽叏鐩稿悓鑰屽張鐙珛鐨勫壇鏈?br>d.鍙戦佷緷璧?lt;<send>>
瀹冭繛鎺ヤ竴涓璞★紙鍦ㄦ簮绔級(jí)鍜屼竴涓秷鎭紙鍦ㄧ洰鏍囩錛夛紝琛ㄦ槑婧愬璞″湪浜や簰榪囩▼涓彂閫佷簡(jiǎn)涓涓秷鎭紝鍙互鐢ㄥ湪鐘舵佹満鐨勬弿榪頒腑銆?br> 瀹冮拡瀵瑰唴宓屾湁鐘舵佹満鐨勫璞★紝鍙敤鏉ユ弿榪板浣曢氳繃鍙戦佷俊鍙蜂互浜х敓鏌愮浜嬩歡鐨勫姩浣溿?br>
寤烘ā鍏冪礌涓庢ā鍨嬩箣闂寸殑渚濊禆鍏崇郴錛?br>a.鍥炴函渚濊禆<<trace>>
瀹冭繛鎺ヤ袱涓ā鍨嬪厓绱狅紝琛ㄦ槑鐩爣鏄簮鐨勫巻鍙蹭笂鐨勫墠椹便傚浜や簰鍜屽崗浣滃氨鏄粠鐢ㄤ緥瀵煎嚭鐨勩?br>
鍏寵仈鍏崇郴(association)
鍏寵仈鏄竴縐嶇粨鏋勫叧緋? 瀹冩弿榪頒竴緇勯摼錛岃繖浜涢摼鏄被涔嬮棿鎴栫被涓庢帴鍙ｄ箣闂寸殑榪炴帴銆?br> 閫氳繃榪欑榪炴帴錛屼竴涓璞″彲浠ヨ闂彟涓涓璞＄殑灞炴ф垨璋冪敤鍙︿竴涓璞＄殑鎿嶄綔銆?br> 鍏寵仈鏄弻鍚戠殑錛屽叾涓殑瑙掕壊浠ｈ〃涓涓被鐨勫璞″湪鍙︿竴涓被涓殑瀛樺湪銆?br> 渚? 涓や釜綾籈mployee, Employer瀛樺湪鍏寵仈鍏崇郴
鑱氬悎(aggregation)鏄竴縐嶇壒孌婄被鍨嬬殑鍏寵仈, 瀹冩弿榪版暣浣撲笌閮ㄥ垎鐨勭粨鏋勫叧緋匯傛暣浣撶鏈変竴涓彵褰綔涓烘爣璁?br> 澶嶅悎鑱氬悎(composite aggregation)鏄竴縐嶇壒孌婄殑鑱氬悎鍏崇郴, 鍙堢О緇勫悎錛屽畠琛ㄦ槑鏁翠綋瀵硅薄涓庨儴鍒嗗璞℃湁鐩稿悓鐨勭敓瀛樺懆鏈熴?br> 瑙掕壊鐨勫鏉傚害(Multiplicity)鎸囪鑹插湪鍏寵仈鍏崇郴涓嚭鐜扮殑嬈℃暟,濡?, 0..1, 1..*, *絳?/p>
渚嬪錛屽搴斾簬鐜板疄涓殑椋炴満鍦篈irport, 鍙互璇村畠鑱氬悎浜?..*鏋墮鏈篈ircraft錛屽悓鏍風(fēng)殑錛屼竴鏋禔ircraft琚?..1涓狝irport鍖呭(鍙兘澶勪簬椋炶鐘舵?,姝ゆ椂Airport涓嶢ircraft鐨勫叧緋繪槸鑱氬悎銆?/p>
鍙堝錛屼竴杈嗘苯杞ar錛岀敤浜?~5涓疆鑳嶵ire(鍙兘鏈夊鐢ㄨ儙)錛孋ar鍜孴ire鏄瘑涓嶅彲鍒嗙殑錛孴ire鏄疌ar鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎錛屽洜姝ょ敤緇勫悎鏉ヨ〃紺轟簩鑰呬箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴銆備竴涓狢ar緇勫悎浜?..5涓猅ire錛屼竴涓猅ire灞炰簬1杈咰ar
鑱氬悎鍜岀粍鍚堥兘鍙互璇存槸涓縐峢as-a鍏崇郴錛?#8220;鎷ユ湁”錛孉irport“鎷ユ湁”Aircraft錛孋ar“鎷ユ湁”Tire錛屼簩鑰呯殑鍖哄埆鍦ㄤ簬緇勫悎寮鴻皟鐨?#8220;鎷ユ湁”鏄湡姝ｆ剰涔夌殑閮ㄥ垎涓庢暣浣撶殑鍏崇郴錛屼粠紼嬪簭璁捐瑙掑害鏉ョ湅緇勫悎鍏崇郴鍙屾柟鐢熷瓨鏈熶竴鑷達(dá)紝鍚岀敓鍏辨錛涜仛鍚堢殑“鎷ユ湁”鍒欐洿澶氬己璋冮儴鍒嗙殑涓涓泦鍚堜笌鏁翠綋鏈変粠灞炲叧緋伙紝閮ㄥ垎闆嗗悎鍐呴儴鍚勫厓绱犳槸鐙珛鐨勩?br>