cat access.log | awk '$1=strftime("%F, %T", $1)'

.torrent: A .torrent fille contains all the info you need to download the file you want. For example, a torrent file has info on the size, the filename, and how to connect to other people (tracker). Another important function of the .torrent file is that it has a “hash” (sort of a digital signature) of each part of the file to make sure you don’t download corrupt of fake data but “the real thing”.

Client: The BitTorrent client is the application you use to “load” the .torrent file so that you can connect to other people. There are a lot of different torrent clients available. The three most popular clients are Bitcomet, Azureus and uTorrent. If you’re new to
BitTorrent I would recommend uTorrent, It’s light and has a great settings wizard to help you on your way.

Indexer: Indexers are websites which list (index) .torrent files (myBitTorrent, Torrentz, Mininova etc.).

Leecher: A leecher is someone who is downloading (and uploading) a file. You are a leecher if you do not have a complete copy of the file you’re trying to get. Note that a leecher normally is someone who’s not uploading, that’s not true in the BitTorrent jargon.

Peer: A peer is the same as a leecher, but without the negative connotation.

Ratio: The data you uploaded divided by the data you downloaded. A ratio higher than 1.00 means that you upload more than you download, which is a good thing. Most private trackers keep track of your ratio and will ban or block you if you have a bad ratio. Try to get at least a 1.00 or higher ratio.

Scrape: Scraping means that your BitTorrent client is requesting info from the “tracker” about other people who are down- or uploading the file. This is important because you need to know who has pieces of the file you still need.

Seeder: A seeder is someone who has a complete version of the file you are downloading. If there are no seeders, you probably wont be able to get the file. So seeders are extremely important, make sure to “seed” the torrent once you finished downloading.

Tracker: The tracker is a server that has all the info about the people that are down- and uploading the file. The tracker itself does not have a copy of the file, it only tracks the up- and dowloaders and makes sure people are able to connect to each other. A tracker is not the same as a website that hosts torrents. Mininova for example is not a tracker, just a “torrent-site”.

Super-Seed: Some clients have the option to “super-seed”. Super seeding is different from seeding because it tries to send out pieces of the file that have not been sent before. So instead of sending the same piece to several peers, it tries to send a unique piece to everyone so that other peers can swap those pieces.

Swarm: The swarm are all seeds and peers that are connected together. So if your client shows 5 seeds and 10 peers then that’s your swarm.

Azureus has a plugin to visualize the swarm

Now let’s see if you learned something. If you can understand the next sentence you probably have.

DHT: DHT stands for “Distributed Hash Table”. DHT layers “decentralize” torrents what make them more stable and less reliant on the web based trackers. If a web based tracker goes down, the torrents stay alive because peers can act as “nodes” keeping the swarm intact.


原文地址：http://torrentfreak.com/bittorrent-jargon/

1,首先通過App Store安裝Xcode；@import url(http://www.shnenglu.com/CuteSoft_Client/CuteEditor/Load.ashx?type=style&file=SyntaxHighlighter.css);@import url(/css/cuteeditor.css);

1、安裝手機(jī)驅(qū)動； 
2、設(shè)置PC上的調(diào)制解調(diào)器屬性； 
A, 電腦右鍵，管理，設(shè)備管理，調(diào)制解調(diào)器； 
B, 設(shè)置MODEM屬性，高級－額外設(shè)置中，添加如下命令： 
cmnet是：AT+CGDCONT=1,"ip","cmnet"  
cmwap是：+CGDCONT=,,"cmwap"
3、cmnet撥號號碼是：*99***1# 
   cmwap撥號號碼是：*99#

   用戶名密碼為空

數(shù)據(jù)線連接PC之后新建internet連接，按上面信息輸入，撥號，正常的話成功之后就可以用PC打開網(wǎng)頁了

需要引用頭文件：#include <afxinet.h>

首先是用ICMP檢查網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否連通：

很簡單的幾行代碼，沒有注釋；
如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)不通的話枚舉撥號連接，進(jìn)行撥號：
預(yù)先建立撥號連接，以上撥號代碼經(jīng)過修改已經(jīng)不需要保存密碼，只建立一個撥號連接即可。Windows XP or later:  Do not use the RasSetEntryDialParams function. MSDN上面的說法就是RasSetEntryDialParams 別在XP之后的系統(tǒng)上使用了。
檢查撥號連接的狀態(tài)，如果已經(jīng)通過撥號連接上了網(wǎng)絡(luò)當(dāng)然不用再進(jìn)行撥號了，代碼如下：
以上判斷是如果檢查到有一個已經(jīng)連接的撥號連接就返回了，應(yīng)該不會有兩個或者以上的撥號連接同時連接，打開端口會失敗的。
還有一個是斷線：
這個沒什么好說的，執(zhí)行關(guān)閉撥號連接的操作。
用程序創(chuàng)建連接，經(jīng)過修改，已經(jīng)可以正常創(chuàng)建連接，代碼如下：
上面的代碼到是可以創(chuàng)建一個撥號連接，不過是個空的，里面沒用用戶名和密碼等信息，需要用上面的撥號代碼來指定撥號參數(shù)，不能使用RasGetEntryDialParams來獲取了。
上面的代碼基本上是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上搜索所得，稍加修改，在這里整理一下。

再補(bǔ)充一下刪除連接的操作,代碼如下：
要想實(shí)現(xiàn)自動啟動撥號網(wǎng)絡(luò)，就要使用Remote Access Service (RAS) API，這個API最早是在Windows for Workgroup 3.11中出現(xiàn)的，現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)成為Win32 API的一個組成部分。該API將整個撥號網(wǎng)絡(luò)稱為Phonebook，而每一個連接稱為PhonebookEntry。你可以使用RasCreatePhonebookEntry來創(chuàng)建新的連接，用RasDial來撥號，而RasEnumEntries可以獲得當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)已有的所有連接，使用其它的RAS函數(shù)還可以獲取或設(shè)置連接的參數(shù)。 RasEditPhonebookEntry函數(shù)將激活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Windows 95/NT屬性對話框來修改連接的屬性。你可以從Win32 API的手冊找到所有相關(guān)函數(shù)的詳細(xì)介紹。

補(bǔ)充：在windows中一個撥號連接即為一個PhonrbookEntry以下稱為電話薄記錄或是連接。總的這些稱為Phonebook。

int main()
{
int a[5]={1,2,3,4,5};
int *ptr1=(int *)(&a+1);
// a本身就為一個數(shù)組的地址，其值=&a[0]，即數(shù)組第一個元素的地址，對a再取址
// &a = a，似乎沒什么不同，其實(shí)這里發(fā)生了對齊變更，a+1的對齊是以int為界的
// 而&a+1是以整個數(shù)組為單位的，即5個int=20字節(jié)，這是關(guān)鍵！！！
// 那么&a+1實(shí)際是跨越了整個數(shù)組，可得ptr1存儲了數(shù)組a最后一個元素5緊跟著的一個int的地址

int *ptr2=(int *)((int )a+1);
// 同理，(int)a先將其值（地址）轉(zhuǎn)為整型值，再加一成為一個新的整數(shù)
// (int *)將這個值轉(zhuǎn)換為一個指向int型變量的指針（地址）
// ptr2即存儲了這個地址和指向的變量的類型

printf("%x,%x",ptr1[-1],*ptr2);
// 先解釋一下a[-1]，即將數(shù)組向前偏差一個類型大小的距離
// 數(shù)組a的內(nèi)存布局(16進(jìn)制)：01000000 02000000 03000000 04000000 05000000
// ptr1[-1]
// 你說這里等于什么呢？數(shù)組a最后一個元素（5）緊跟著一個int的前面一個元素當(dāng)然就是5了。
// *ptr2
// ptr2的值為a保存的地址值的絕對值+1，假設(shè)a=1000，那么(int)a+1=1001。
// 而后將其再轉(zhuǎn)為(int *)指針，那么指針指向的內(nèi)存布局為000000 02，即向后移了一個字節(jié)
// 那么在little-enddian架構(gòu)下顯示出來為02000000，低位在高地址。

return 0;
}

    HANDLE   PrnHandle;  
    if   (OpenPrinter("EPSON Stylus Photo R270 Series",&PrnHandle,NULL))  
    {  
        unsigned    char   buf[8192];  
        DWORD   dwSize;  
        if   (GetPrinter(PrnHandle,2,buf,sizeof(buf),  
            &dwSize))   {  
            PRINTER_INFO_2*   pInfo;  
            pInfo   =   (PRINTER_INFO_2*)buf;  
            //pInfo->Status   就是打印機(jī)的狀態(tài)，詳細(xì)的代碼可以  
            //參見winspool.h中以PRINTER_STATUS開頭的宏定義  
            if(pInfo->Status==PRINTER_STATUS_PAUSED)  
                AfxMessageBox("a");  
            else   if(pInfo->Status==PRINTER_STATUS_PENDING_DELETION)  
                AfxMessageBox("b");  
            ///////////以上pInfo->Status代碼試驗(yàn)不成功，哪位知道原因請告知，謝謝
            if (pInfo->Attributes&PRINTER_ATTRIBUTE_WORK_OFFLINE)//測試成功
            {
                AfxMessageBox("offline");
            }
            else
            {
                AfxMessageBox("online");
            }
        }  
        ClosePrinter(PrnHandle);
    }

上面是判斷打印機(jī)是否連機(jī)的。
下面是判斷打印任務(wù)是否正常完成的：
    SetTimer(1,500,NULL);//用定時器來完成

響應(yīng)函數(shù)：
switch(nIDEvent)
    {
    case 1:
        {
            JOB_INFO_2  *pJobs;
       int         cJobs,
                   i;
       DWORD       dwPrinterStatus;
       if (!GetJobs(hPrinter, &pJobs, &cJobs, &dwPrinterStatus))
            return ;

       for (i=0; i < cJobs; i++)
       {
           if (pJobs[i].Status &
                   (JOB_STATUS_ERROR |
                   JOB_STATUS_OFFLINE |
                   JOB_STATUS_PAPEROUT |
                   JOB_STATUS_BLOCKED_DEVQ))
               {                  
                   KillTimer(1);
                   AfxMessageBox(pJobs[i].pDocument);
                   free( pJobs );
                   return ;
               }
       }
       free( pJobs );
        }
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }

用到的方法：
BOOL GetJobs(HANDLE hPrinter,        /* Handle to the printer. */
                JOB_INFO_2 **ppJobInfo, /* Pointer to be filled.  */
                int *pcJobs,            /* Count of jobs filled.  */
                DWORD *pStatus)         /* Print Queue status.    */
   {

   DWORD               cByteNeeded,
                        nReturned,
                        cByteUsed;
    JOB_INFO_2          *pJobStorage = NULL;
    PRINTER_INFO_2       *pPrinterInfo = NULL;

   /* Get the buffer size needed. */
       if (!GetPrinter(hPrinter, 2, NULL, 0, &cByteNeeded))
       {
           if (GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
               return FALSE;
       }

       pPrinterInfo = (PRINTER_INFO_2 *)malloc(cByteNeeded);
       if (!(pPrinterInfo))
           /* Failure to allocate memory. */
           return FALSE;

       LPCSTR str="sssssssssss";
       /* Get the printer information. */
       if (!GetPrinter(hPrinter,2,(unsigned char *)(LPSTR)pPrinterInfo,cByteNeeded,&cByteUsed))
       {
           /* Failure to access the printer. */
           free(pPrinterInfo);
           pPrinterInfo = NULL;
           return FALSE;
       }

       /* Get job storage space. */
       if (!EnumJobs(hPrinter,
               0,
               pPrinterInfo->cJobs,
               2,
               NULL,
               0,
               (LPDWORD)&cByteNeeded,
               (LPDWORD)&nReturned))
       {
           if (GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
           {
               free(pPrinterInfo);
               pPrinterInfo = NULL;
               return FALSE;
           }
       }

       pJobStorage = (JOB_INFO_2 *)malloc(cByteNeeded);
       if (!pJobStorage)
       {
           /* Failure to allocate Job storage space. */
           free(pPrinterInfo);
           pPrinterInfo = NULL;
           return FALSE;
       }

       ZeroMemory(pJobStorage, cByteNeeded);

       /* Get the list of jobs. */
       if (!EnumJobs(hPrinter,
               0,
               pPrinterInfo->cJobs,
               2,
               (LPBYTE)pJobStorage,
               cByteNeeded,
               (LPDWORD)&cByteUsed,
               (LPDWORD)&nReturned))
       {
           free(pPrinterInfo);
           free(pJobStorage);
           pJobStorage = NULL;
           pPrinterInfo = NULL;
           return FALSE;
       }

       /*
        *  Return the information.
        */
       *pcJobs = nReturned;
       *pStatus = pPrinterInfo->Status;
       *ppJobInfo = pJobStorage;
       free(pPrinterInfo);

       return TRUE;

   }


需要插入頭文件#include <winspool.h>