2). 涓涓腑鏂湇鍔″瓙紼嬪簭涓細(xì)璁塊棶鍒扮殑闈炶嚜鍔ㄥ彉閲?Non-automatic variables)
3). 澶氱嚎紼嬪簲鐢ㄤ腑琚嚑涓換鍔″叡浜殑鍙橀噺
鍥炵瓟涓嶅嚭榪欎釜闂鐨勪漢鏄笉浼?xì)琚泧鋭︾殑銆傛垜璁や負(fù)榪欐槸鍖哄垎C紼嬪簭鍛樺拰宓屽叆寮忕郴緇熺▼搴忓憳鐨勬渶鍩烘湰鐨勯棶棰樸傚祵鍏ュ紡緋葷粺紼嬪簭鍛樼粡甯稿悓紜歡銆佷腑鏂丷TOS絳夌瓑鎵撲氦閬擄紝鎵鐢ㄨ繖浜涢兘瑕佹眰volatile鍙橀噺銆備笉鎳傚緱volatile鍐呭灝嗕細(xì)甯︽潵鐏鵑毦銆?
鍋囪琚潰璇曡呮紜湴鍥炵瓟浜嗚繖鏄棶棰橈紙鍡紝鎬鐤戣繖鍚︿細(xì)鏄繖鏍鳳級錛屾垜灝嗙◢寰繁絀朵竴涓嬶紝鐪嬩竴涓嬭繖瀹朵紮鏄笉鏄洿姝ｆ噦寰梫olatile瀹屽叏鐨勯噸瑕佹с?
1). 涓涓弬鏁版棦鍙互鏄痗onst榪樺彲浠ユ槸volatile鍚楋紵瑙ｉ噴涓轟粈涔堛?
2). 涓涓寚閽堝彲浠ユ槸volatile 鍚楋紵瑙ｉ噴涓轟粈涔堛?
3). 涓嬮潰鐨勫嚱鏁版湁浠涔堥敊璇細(xì)
int square(volatile int *ptr)
{
return *ptr * *ptr;
}
涓嬮潰鏄瓟妗堬細(xì)
1). 鏄殑銆備竴涓緥瀛愭槸鍙鐨勭姸鎬佸瘎瀛樺櫒銆傚畠鏄痸olatile鍥犱負(fù)瀹冨彲鑳借鎰忔兂涓嶅埌鍦版敼鍙樸傚畠鏄痗onst鍥犱負(fù)紼嬪簭涓嶅簲璇ヨ瘯鍥懼幓淇敼瀹冦?
2). 鏄殑銆傚敖綆¤繖騫朵笉寰堝父瑙併備竴涓緥瀛愭槸褰撲竴涓腑鏈嶅姟瀛愮▼搴忎慨璇ヤ竴涓寚鍚戜竴涓猙uffer鐨勬寚閽堟椂銆?
3). 榪欐浠ｇ爜鐨勬湁涓伓浣滃墽銆傝繖孌典唬鐮佺殑鐩殑鏄敤鏉ヨ繑鎸囬拡*ptr鎸囧悜鍊肩殑騫蟲柟錛屼絾鏄紝鐢變簬*ptr鎸囧悜涓涓獀olatile鍨嬪弬鏁幫紝緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ皢浜х敓綾諱技涓嬮潰鐨勪唬鐮侊細(xì)
int square(volatile int *ptr)
{
int a,b;
a = *ptr;
b = *ptr;
return a * b;
}
鐢變簬*ptr鐨勫煎彲鑳借鎰忔兂涓嶅埌鍦拌鍙橈紝鍥犳a鍜宐鍙兘鏄笉鍚岀殑銆傜粨鏋滐紝榪欐浠ｇ爜鍙兘榪斾笉鏄綘鎵鏈熸湜鐨勫鉤鏂瑰鹼紒姝ｇ‘鐨勪唬鐮佸涓嬶細(xì)
long square(volatile int *ptr)
{
int a;
a = *ptr;
return a * a;
}
璁茶鎴戠殑鐞嗚В錛?錛堟榪庢墦鏉垮瓙...~~錛侊級
鍏抽敭鍦ㄤ簬涓や釜鍦版柟錛?nbsp;
1. 緙栬瘧鍣ㄧ殑浼樺寲 (璇烽珮鎵嬪府鎴戠湅鐪嬩笅闈㈢殑鐞嗚В)
鍦ㄦ湰嬈＄嚎紼嬪唴, 褰撹鍙栦竴涓彉閲忔椂錛屼負(fù)鎻愰珮瀛樺彇閫熷害錛岀紪璇戝櫒浼樺寲鏃舵湁鏃朵細(xì)鍏堟妸鍙橀噺璇誨彇鍒頒竴涓瘎瀛樺櫒涓紱浠ュ悗錛屽啀鍙栧彉閲忓兼椂錛屽氨鐩存帴浠庡瘎瀛樺櫒涓彇鍊鹼紱
褰撳彉閲忓煎湪鏈嚎紼嬮噷鏀瑰彉鏃訛紝浼?xì)鍚屾椂鎶婂彉閲忕殑鏂板糲opy鍒拌瀵勫瓨鍣ㄤ腑錛屼互渚夸繚鎸佷竴鑷?
褰撳彉閲忓湪鍥犲埆鐨勭嚎紼嬬瓑鑰屾敼鍙樹簡鍊鹼紝璇ュ瘎瀛樺櫒鐨勫間笉浼?xì)鐩稿簲鏀瑰彉锛屼粠鑰岄犳垚搴旂敤紼嬪簭璇誨彇鐨勫煎拰瀹為檯鐨勫彉閲忓間笉涓鑷?
褰撹瀵勫瓨鍣ㄥ湪鍥犲埆鐨勭嚎紼嬬瓑鑰屾敼鍙樹簡鍊鹼紝鍘熷彉閲忕殑鍊間笉浼?xì)鏀瑰彉锛屼粠鑰岄犳垚搴旂敤紼嬪簭璇誨彇鐨勫煎拰瀹為檯鐨勫彉閲忓間笉涓鑷?nbsp;
涓句竴涓笉澶噯紜殑渚嬪瓙錛?nbsp;
鍙戣柂璧勬椂錛屼細(xì)璁℃瘡嬈￠兘鎶婂憳宸ュ彨鏉ョ櫥璁頒粬浠殑閾惰鍗″彿錛涗竴嬈′細(xì)璁′負(fù)浜嗙渷浜嬶紝娌℃湁鍗蟲椂鐧昏錛岀敤浜嗕互鍓嶇櫥璁扮殑閾惰鍗″彿錛涘垰濂戒竴涓憳宸ョ殑閾惰鍗′涪浜嗭紝宸叉寕澶辮閾惰鍗″彿錛涗粠鑰岄犳垚璇ュ憳宸ラ涓嶅埌宸ヨ祫
鍛樺伐 錛嶏紞 鍘熷鍙橀噺鍦板潃
閾惰鍗″彿 錛嶏紞 鍘熷鍙橀噺鍦ㄥ瘎瀛樺櫒鐨勫浠?nbsp;
2. 鍦ㄤ粈涔堟儏鍐典笅浼?xì)鍑虹?濡?妤兼墍璇?
1). 騫惰璁懼鐨勭‖浠跺瘎瀛樺櫒錛堝錛氱姸鎬佸瘎瀛樺櫒錛?nbsp;
2). 涓涓腑鏂湇鍔″瓙紼嬪簭涓細(xì)璁塊棶鍒扮殑闈炶嚜鍔ㄥ彉閲?Non-automatic variables)
3). 澶氱嚎紼嬪簲鐢ㄤ腑琚嚑涓換鍔″叡浜殑鍙橀噺
琛ュ厖錛?volatile搴旇瑙ｉ噴涓?#8220;鐩存帴瀛樺彇鍘熷鍐呭瓨鍦板潃”姣旇緝鍚堥傦紝“鏄撳彉鐨?#8221;榪欑瑙ｉ噴綆鐩存湁鐐硅瀵間漢錛?nbsp;
“鏄撳彉”鏄洜涓哄鍦ㄥ洜绱犲紩璧風(fēng)殑錛岃薄澶氱嚎紼嬶紝涓柇絳夛紝騫朵笉鏄洜涓虹敤volatile淇グ浜嗙殑鍙橀噺灝辨槸“鏄撳彉”浜嗭紝鍋囧娌℃湁澶栧洜錛屽嵆浣跨敤volatile瀹氫箟錛屽畠涔熶笉浼?xì)鍙樺寲锛?
鑰岀敤volatile瀹氫箟涔嬪悗錛屽叾瀹炶繖涓彉閲忓氨涓嶄細(xì)鍥犲鍥犺屽彉鍖栦簡錛屽彲浠ユ斁蹇冧嬌鐢ㄤ簡錛?澶у鐪嬬湅鍓嶉潰閭ｇ瑙ｉ噴錛堟槗鍙樼殑錛夋槸涓嶆槸鍦ㄨ瀵間漢
錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞綆鏄庣ず渚嬪涓嬶細(xì)錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛?wbr>錛?
volatile鍏抽敭瀛楁槸涓縐嶇被鍨嬩慨楗扮錛岀敤瀹冨０鏄庣殑綾誨瀷鍙橀噺琛ㄧず鍙互琚煇浜涚紪璇戝櫒鏈煡鐨勫洜绱犳洿鏀癸紝姣斿錛氭搷浣滅郴緇熴佺‖浠舵垨鑰呭叾瀹冪嚎紼嬬瓑銆傞亣鍒拌繖涓叧閿瓧澹版槑鐨勫彉閲忥紝緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ璁塊棶璇ュ彉閲忕殑浠ｇ爜灝變笉鍐嶈繘琛屼紭鍖栵紝浠庤屽彲浠ユ彁渚涘鐗規(guī)畩鍦板潃鐨勭ǔ瀹氳闂?
浣跨敤璇ュ叧閿瓧鐨勪緥瀛愬涓嬶細(xì)
int volatile nVint;
>>>>褰撹姹備嬌鐢╲olatile 澹版槑鐨勫彉閲忕殑鍊肩殑鏃跺欙紝緋葷粺鎬繪槸閲嶆柊浠庡畠鎵鍦ㄧ殑鍐呭瓨璇誨彇鏁版嵁錛屽嵆浣垮畠鍓嶉潰鐨勬寚浠ゅ垰鍒氫粠璇ュ璇誨彇榪囨暟鎹傝屼笖璇誨彇鐨勬暟鎹珛鍒昏淇濆瓨銆?
渚嬪錛?
volatile int i=10;
int a = i;
...
//鍏朵粬浠ｇ爜錛屽茍鏈槑紜憡璇夌紪璇戝櫒錛屽i榪涜榪囨搷浣?
int b = i;
>>>>volatile 鎸囧嚭 i鏄殢鏃跺彲鑳藉彂鐢熷彉鍖栫殑錛屾瘡嬈′嬌鐢ㄥ畠鐨勬椂鍊欏繀欏諱粠i鐨勫湴鍧涓鍙栵紝鍥犺岀紪璇戝櫒鐢熸垚鐨勬眹緙栦唬鐮佷細(xì)閲嶆柊浠巌鐨勫湴鍧璇誨彇鏁版嵁鏀懼湪b涓傝屼紭鍖栧仛娉曟槸錛岀敱浜庣紪璇戝櫒鍙戠幇涓ゆ浠巌璇繪暟鎹殑浠ｇ爜涔嬮棿鐨勪唬鐮佹病鏈夊i榪涜榪囨搷浣滐紝瀹冧細(xì)鑷姩鎶婁笂嬈¤鐨勬暟鎹斁鍦╞涓傝屼笉鏄噸鏂頒粠i閲岄潰璇匯傝繖鏍蜂互鏉ワ紝濡傛灉i鏄竴涓瘎瀛樺櫒鍙橀噺鎴栬呰〃紺轟竴涓鍙ｆ暟鎹氨瀹規(guī)槗鍑洪敊錛屾墍浠ヨvolatile鍙互淇濊瘉瀵圭壒孌婂湴鍧鐨勭ǔ瀹氳闂?
>>>>娉ㄦ剰錛屽湪vc6涓紝涓鑸皟璇曟ā寮忔病鏈夎繘琛屼唬鐮佷紭鍖栵紝鎵浠ヨ繖涓叧閿瓧鐨勪綔鐢ㄧ湅涓嶅嚭鏉ャ備笅闈㈤氳繃鎻掑叆姹囩紪浠ｇ爜錛屾祴璇曟湁鏃爒olatile鍏抽敭瀛楋紝瀵圭▼搴忔渶緇堜唬鐮佺殑褰卞搷錛?
>>>>棣栧厛錛岀敤classwizard寤轟竴涓獁in32 console宸ョ▼錛屾彃鍏ヤ竴涓獀oltest.cpp鏂囦歡錛岃緭鍏ヤ笅闈㈢殑浠ｇ爜錛?
>>
錛僫 nclude <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i=10;
int a = i;
printf("i= %d",a);
//涓嬮潰姹囩紪璇彞鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ氨鏄敼鍙樺唴瀛樹腑i鐨勫鹼紝浣嗘槸鍙堜笉璁╃紪璇戝櫒鐭ラ亾
__asm {
mov dword ptr [ebp-4], 20h
}
int b = i;
printf("i= %d",b);
}
鐒跺悗錛屽湪璋冭瘯鐗堟湰妯″紡榪愯紼嬪簭錛岃緭鍑虹粨鏋滃涓嬶細(xì)
i = 10
i = 32
鐒跺悗錛屽湪release鐗堟湰妯″紡榪愯紼嬪簭錛岃緭鍑虹粨鏋滃涓嬶細(xì)
i = 10
i = 10
杈撳嚭鐨勭粨鏋滄槑鏄捐〃鏄庯紝release妯″紡涓嬶紝緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ浠ｇ爜榪涜浜嗕紭鍖栵紝絎簩嬈℃病鏈夎緭鍑烘紜殑i鍊箋備笅闈紝鎴戜滑鎶?i鐨勫０鏄庡姞涓妚olatile鍏抽敭瀛楋紝鐪嬬湅鏈変粈涔堝彉鍖栵細(xì)
錛僫 nclude <stdio.h>
void main()
{
volatile int i=10;
int a = i;
printf("i= %d",a);
__asm {
mov dword ptr [ebp-4], 20h
}
int b = i;
printf("i= %d",b);
}
鍒嗗埆鍦ㄨ皟璇曠増鏈拰release鐗堟湰榪愯紼嬪簭錛岃緭鍑洪兘鏄細(xì)
i = 10
i = 32
榪欒鏄庤繖涓叧閿瓧鍙戞尌浜嗗畠鐨勪綔鐢紒
錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛?wbr>錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞
volatile瀵瑰簲鐨勫彉閲忓彲鑳藉湪浣犵殑紼嬪簭鏈韓涓嶇煡閬撶殑鎯呭喌涓嬪彂鐢熸敼鍙?
姣斿澶氱嚎紼嬬殑紼嬪簭錛屽叡鍚岃闂殑鍐呭瓨褰撲腑錛屽涓▼搴忛兘鍙互鎿嶇旱榪欎釜鍙橀噺
浣犺嚜宸辯殑紼嬪簭錛屾槸鏃犳硶鍒ゅ畾鍚堥傝繖涓彉閲忎細(xì)鍙戠敓鍙樺寲
榪樻瘮濡傦紝浠栧拰涓涓閮ㄨ澶囩殑鏌愪釜鐘舵佸搴旓紝褰撳閮ㄨ澶囧彂鐢熸搷浣滅殑鏃跺欙紝閫氳繃椹卞姩紼嬪簭鍜屼腑鏂簨浠訛紝緋葷粺鏀瑰彉浜嗚繖涓彉閲忕殑鏁板鹼紝鑰屼綘鐨勭▼搴忓茍涓嶇煡閬撱?
瀵逛簬volatile綾誨瀷鐨勫彉閲忥紝緋葷粺姣忔鐢ㄥ埌浠栫殑鏃跺欓兘鏄洿鎺ヤ粠瀵瑰簲鐨勫唴瀛樺綋涓彁鍙栵紝鑰屼笉浼?xì)鍒╃敤cache褰撲腑鐨勫師鏈夋暟鍊鹼紝浠ラ傚簲瀹冪殑鏈煡浣曟椂浼?xì)鍙戠敓鐨勫彉鍖栧Q岀郴緇熷榪欑鍙橀噺鐨勫鐞嗕笉浼?xì)鍋氫紭鍖栤斺旀樉鐒朵篃鏄洜涓哄畠鐨勬暟鍊奸殢鏃墮兘鍙兘鍙樺寲鐨勬儏鍐點?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
鍏稿瀷鐨勪緥瀛?
for ( int i=0; i<100000; i++);
榪欎釜璇彞鐢ㄦ潵嫻嬭瘯絀哄驚鐜殑閫熷害鐨?
浣嗘槸緙栬瘧鍣ㄨ偗瀹氳鎶婂畠浼樺寲鎺夛紝鏍規(guī)湰灝變笉鎵ц
濡傛灉浣犲啓鎴?nbsp;
for ( volatile int i=0; i<100000; i++);
瀹冨氨浼?xì)鎵ц浜?
volatile鐨勬湰鎰忔槸“鏄撳彉鐨?#8221;
鐢變簬璁塊棶瀵勫瓨鍣ㄧ殑閫熷害瑕佸揩榪嘡AM錛屾墍浠ョ紪璇戝櫒涓鑸兘浼?xì)浣滃噺灏戝瓨鍙栧閮≧AM鐨勪紭鍖栥傛瘮濡傦細(xì)
static int i=0;
int main(void)
{
...
while (1)
{
if (i) dosomething();
}
}
/* Interrupt service routine. */
void ISR_2(void)
{
i=1;
}
紼嬪簭鐨勬湰鎰忔槸甯屾湜ISR_2涓柇浜х敓鏃訛紝鍦╩ain褰撲腑璋冪敤dosomething鍑芥暟錛屼絾鏄紝鐢變簬緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ垽鏂湪main鍑芥暟閲岄潰娌℃湁淇敼榪噄錛屽洜姝?
鍙兘鍙墽琛屼竴嬈″浠巌鍒版煇瀵勫瓨鍣ㄧ殑璇繪搷浣滐紝鐒跺悗姣忔if鍒ゆ柇閮藉彧浣跨敤榪欎釜瀵勫瓨鍣ㄩ噷闈㈢殑“i鍓湰”錛屽鑷磀osomething姘歌繙涔熶笉浼?xì)琚?
璋冪敤銆傚鏋滃皢灝嗗彉閲忓姞涓妚olatile淇グ錛屽垯緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ繚璇佸姝ゅ彉閲忕殑璇誨啓鎿嶄綔閮戒笉浼?xì)琚紭鍖栧Q堣偗瀹氭墽琛岋級銆傛渚嬩腑i涔熷簲璇ュ姝よ鏄庛?
涓鑸鏉ワ紝volatile鐢ㄥ湪濡備笅鐨勫嚑涓湴鏂癸細(xì)
1銆佷腑鏂湇鍔＄▼搴忎腑淇敼鐨勪緵鍏跺畠紼嬪簭媯嫻嬬殑鍙橀噺闇瑕佸姞volatile錛?
2銆佸浠誨姟鐜涓嬪悇浠誨姟闂村叡浜殑鏍囧織搴旇鍔爒olatile錛?
3銆佸瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鏄犲皠鐨勭‖浠跺瘎瀛樺櫒閫氬父涔熻鍔爒olatile璇存槑錛屽洜涓烘瘡嬈″瀹冪殑璇誨啓閮藉彲鑳界敱涓嶅悓鎰忎箟錛?
鍙﹀錛屼互涓婅繖鍑犵鎯呭喌緇忓父榪樿鍚屾椂鑰冭檻鏁版嵁鐨勫畬鏁存э紙鐩鎬簰鍏寵仈鐨勫嚑涓爣蹇楄浜嗕竴鍗婅鎵撴柇浜嗛噸鍐欙級錛屽湪1涓彲浠ラ氳繃鍏充腑鏂潵瀹?
鐜幫紝2涓彲浠ョ姝換鍔¤皟搴︼紝3涓垯鍙兘渚濋潬紜歡鐨勮壇濂借璁′簡銆?
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[1]濂藉ソ瑙勫垝鑷繁鐨勮礬錛屼笉瑕佽窡鐫鎰熻璧幫紒鏍規(guī)嵁涓漢鐨勭悊鎯沖喅絳栧畨鎺掞紝緇濆ぇ閮ㄥ垎浜哄茍涓嶆寚鏈涙垚涓轟粈涔堥櫌澹垨鏁欐巿錛岃屾槸甯屾湜媧誨緱婊嬫鼎涓浜涳紝鐖戒竴浜涖傞偅涔堬紝灝遍渶瑕佹厧閲嶅畨鎺掕嚜宸辯殑杞ㄨ抗銆備粠鍝釜琛屼笟鍏ユ墜錛岄愭笎瀵硅琛屼笟娣卞叆浜嗚В錛屼笉瑕侀綣佽煩妲斤紝鐗瑰埆鏄笉瑕佷負(fù)浜嗕竴鐐瑰伐璧勮岃漿縐婚樀鍦幫紝浠庨暱榪滅湅錛岃繖鐐歸挶鏍規(guī)湰涓嶇畻浠涔堬紝褰撲綘瀵逛竴涓涓氭湁閭ｄ箞鍑犲勾鐨勪綋浼?xì)锛屼互鍚庨挶鏍规湰涓嶆槸闂銆傞綣佸湴鍔ㄨ崱涓嶆槸涓婄瓥錛屾渶鍚庝綘瀵瑰摢涓涓氶兘娌℃湁鎽擱忥紝姘歌繙鏄柊鎵嬶紒
聽
[2]鍙互鍋氭妧鏈紝鍒囦笉鍙矇婀庝簬鎶鏈傚崈涓囦笉鍙竴闂ㄥ績鎬濋捇鐮旀妧鏈紒緇欒嚜宸卞緢澶у帇鍔涳紝濡傛灉浣犵殑蹇冩濆叏閮ㄦ斁鍦ㄨ繖涓婇潰錛岄偅涔堟敞瀹氫綘灝嗘垚涓哄瓟涔欏繁涓綾葷殑浜虹墿錛侀傚彲鑰屾涓轟箣錛屽洜涓烘妧鏈彧涓嶈繃鏄綘浠婂悗鍓嶉旂殑鏀煴涔嬩竴錛岃屼笖榪樹笉鏄渶澶х殑鏀煴銆?br />聽
[3]涓嶈鍘誨仛鎶鏈珮鎵嬶紝鍙幓鍋氱患鍚堢礌璐ㄩ珮鎵嬶紒鍦ㄤ紒涓氶噷娣鳳紝鎴戜滑鏃跺父鐬т笉璧鋒煇浜猴紝璇翠粬鈥滀粈涔堥兘涓嶆噦錛屽嚟鍟ユ嬁閭ｄ箞澶氶挶錛屽嚟鍟ュ崌瀹橈紒鈥濊繖鏄櫘閬嶇殑鍏稿瀷鐨勫伐紼嬪笀鐨勮總鑵愪箣璦銆?051寰堢墰鍚楋紵浜哄鑳戒笂鍘誨繀鐒舵湁浠栫殑鏈簨錛岃屼笖鏄綘娌℃湁鐨勬湰浜嬨備綘鎯蟲兂錛岃佹澘鎼炵粡钀ラ偅涔堝騫達(dá)紝闅鵑亾瑙佽瘑涓嶅浣犺繖涓柊鍏碉紵浜哄鎴栬鍠勪簬綆＄悊錛屽杽浜庨浼?xì)鑰佹澘鎰忓浘錛屽杽浜庨儴闂ㄥ崗璋冪瓑絳夈傚洜姝ゅ姟蹇呭煿鍏昏嚜宸卞鏂歸潰鐨勮兘鍔涳紝鍖呮嫭綆＄悊錛屼翰鍜屽姏錛屽療璦瑙傝壊鑳藉姏錛屾敾鍏寵兘鍔涚瓑錛岃鎴愪負(fù)緇煎悎绱犺川鐨勯珮鎵嬶紝鍒欏墠閫旀棤閲忥紝鍚﹀垯鍙兘韜插湪瑙掕惤鐪嬬ず娉㈠櫒錛佹妧鏈互澶栫殑鎶鑳芥墠鏄洿閲嶈鐨勬湰浜嬶紒錛佷粠鍙ゅ埌浠婏紝緹庡浗鏃ユ湰錛屼竴寰嬪姝わ紒
聽
[4]澶氫氦紺句細(xì)涓夋暀涔?jié)娴佺殑鏈嬪弸锛佷笉瑕佸彧鍜屽伐绋嬪笀浜ゅ線錛岃涓烘湁鍏卞悓璇█錛屽叾瀹炴洿閲嶈鐨勬槸鍜屽叾浠栫被浜虹墿浜ゅ線錛屽鏋滀綘甯屾湜鏈夋湞涓鏃ュ綋鑰佹澘鎴栭珮灞傜鐞嗭紝閭ｄ箞浣犳暣鏃ラ潰瀵圭殑灝辨槸榪欎簺浜恒備簡瑙ｄ粬浠殑緇忓巻錛屾濈淮涔?fàn)鎯Q岀埍濂斤紝瀛︿範(fàn)浠栦滑澶勭悊闂鐨勬ā寮忥紝浜嗚В紺句細(xì)鍚勪釜瑙掕惤鐨勭幇璞″拰闂錛岃繖鏄互鍚庡彂灞曠殑宸ㄥぇ鐨勬湰閽便?br />聽
[6]鎶撲綇鏃舵満鍚戞妧鏈鐞嗘垨甯傚満閿鍞柟闈㈢殑杞彉錛佽鎯蟲湁鍓嶉斿氨涓嶈兘涓鐩存悶寮鍙戯紝閫傚綋鏃跺欒杞彉涓虹鐞嗘垨閿鍞紝鍓嶉斾細(xì)鏇村ぇ錛屼互鍓嶆悶鎶鏈篃娌℃湁鐧芥悶錛屼互鍚庤繕鐢ㄥ緱鐫銆傛悶綆＄悊鍙互鍩瑰吇鑷繁鐨勯瀵艱兘鍔涳紝鎼為攢鍞彲浠ュ煿鍏昏嚜宸辯殑甯傚満姒傚康鍜屾濈淮錛屽悓鏃朵負(fù)鑷繁浠ュ悗鍙戝睍縐瘡搴炲ぇ鐨勪漢鑴夛紒搴旇璇磋繖鎵嶆槸鍓嶉旂殑鐪熸鏀煴錛?br />聽
[7]閫愭笎鍏嬫湇鑷繁鐨勫績閲屽急鐐瑰拰鎬ф牸緙洪櫡錛佸鐤戯紝鏁忔劅錛屽ぉ鐪燂紙璐箟錛屽茍涓嶅彲鐖憋級錛岀姽璞笉鍐籌紝鑳嗘紝澶氳檻錛岃劯鐨お钖勶紝蹇冧笉澶熼粦錛屾暀鏉″紡鎬濈淮銆傘傘傝繖浜涘伐紼嬪笀鏅亶瀛樺湪鐨勬ф牸寮辯偣蹇呴』鏀瑰彉錛佸緢闅懼悧錛熷彧鍦ㄥ簥涓婃兂涓鎯沖綋鐒朵笉鍙兘錛屽幓甯湅鍙嬪畧涓涓湀鍦版憡錛屽寘鍑嗘湁鏁堟灉錛屽幓瀹炶返錛岃屼笉瑕佸彧鎯籌紒涓嶅厠鏈嶈繖浜涚己鐐癸紝涓鍒囦笉鍙兘錛岀敋鑷寵繛欏圭洰緇忕悊閮藉綋涓嶅ソ--灝界浣犲彲鑳芥妧鏈笉閿欙紒
聽
[8]宸ヤ綔鐨勫悓鏃惰涓轟互鍚庡仛鍑嗗錛佸緩绔嬭嚜宸辯殑宸ヤ綔鐜錛佸強(qiáng)鏃╀負(fù)鑷繁閰嶇疆涓涓伐浣滅幆澧冿紝瑁呭鐢?shù)鑴戝Q岀ず娉㈠櫒錛堝彲浠ヤ拱涓簩鎵嬬殑錛夛紝浠跨湡鍣紝緙栫▼鍣ㄧ瓑錛屼笟浣欏彲浠ユ帴鐐規(guī)椿錛屼竴鏂歸潰鎺ヨЕ甯傚満錛屽煿鍏誨競鍦烘劅瑙夛紝鍚屾椂涔熺Н绱祫閲戯紝鏇撮噸瑕佺殑鏄噯澶囪嚜宸辯殑浜у搧錛屽挶鎼炴妧鏈殑娌℃湁閽憋紝鍙湁鎶鏈紝鎶鏈殑浠ｈ〃涓嶆槸瀛﹀巻鍜岃瘉涔︼紝鑰屾槸浜у搧錛屾嬁鍑鴻薄鏍風(fēng)殑浜у搧錛屽氨鍙妧鏈漿璁╂垨涓庝漢鍚堜綔鎼炰紒涓氾紒鍏堟妸涓滆タ鍑嗗濂斤紝絳夊緟鏈轟細(xì)錛屽惁鍒欙紝鏈変簡鏈轟細(xì)涔熸姄涓嶄綇錛?br />聽
[9]瑕佸浼?xì)鍠勪簬鎺ㄩ攢鑷繁錛佷笉浠呰鑳藉共錛岃繕瑕佽兘璇達(dá)紝鑳藉啓錛屽杽浜庡埄鐢ㄤ竴鍒囨満浼?xì)鎺ㄩ攢鑷繁錛屾爲(wèi)绔嬭嚜宸辯殑鍝佺墝褰㈣薄錛屽緢蹇呰錛佽鍒涢犳潯浠惰鍒漢浜嗚В鑷繁錛屼笉鐒惰佹澘鎬庝箞鐭ラ亾浣犺兘騫詫紵澶栭潰鐨勬姇璧勪漢鎬庝箞鐩鎬俊浣狅紵鎻愭棭鎶婅嚜宸辨帹閿鍑哄幓錛屾満浼?xì)鑷劧浼?xì)鏉ユ壘浣狅紒鎼炰釜涓漢涓婚〉鏄釜濂芥敞鎰忥紒錛佺壒鍒槸鍩瑰吇鑷繁鍦ㄨ涓氱殑鍚嶆皵錛屾湁浜嗗悕姘旓紝楂樿柂鏈轟細(xì)鑷笉鍦ㄨ瘽涓嬶紝鏇撮噸瑕佺殑鏄湁鍚堜綔鐨勬満浼?.....
[10]璇ュ嚭鎵嬫椂渚垮嚭鎵嬶紒姘歌繙涓嶅彲鑳芥湁100%鎶婃彙錛侊紒錛佹潯浠跺樊涓嶅灝辮澶ц儐鍘誨共錛屽幓闂嚭鑷繁鐨勪簨涓氾紝涓嶈鐘硅鮑錛屼笉瑕佸椒寰紝騫蹭簡涓嶄竴瀹氭垚鍔燂紝浣嗚嚦灝戜負(fù)涓嬩竴嬈″啿鍑葷Н绱簡緇忛獙錛屼笉騫叉案榪滄病鍑烘伅錛岃屼笖瑕佸共鎴愬繀鐒惰緇忓巻澶辮觸銆備笉緇忓巻椋庨洦錛屾庝箞瑙佸僵铏癸紝娌℃湁浜鴻兘闅忛殢渚夸究鎴愬姛錛?img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/geforcex/aggbug/5266.html" width = "1" height = "1" />
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1.闈㈠悜榪炴帴鐨勫鎺ュ瓧鐨勭郴緇熻皟鐢ㄦ椂搴忓浘
鏃犺繛鎺ュ崗璁殑濂楁帴瀛楄皟鐢ㄦ椂搴忓浘
闈㈠悜榪炴帴鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忔祦紼嬪浘
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BOOL SetWindowPos( const CWnd* pWndInsertAfter, int x, int y, int cx, int cy, UINT nFlags );Parameters
- pWndInsertAfter
- Identifies the CWnd object that will precede this CWnd object in the Z-order. This parameter can be a pointer to a CWnd or a Pointer to one of the following values:
- wndBottom Places the window at the bottom of the Z-order. If this CWnd is a topmost window, the window loses its topmost status; the system places the window at the bottom of all other windows.
- wndTop Places the window at the top of the Z-order.
- wndTopMost Places the window above all nontopmost windows. The window maintains its topmost position even when it is deactivated.
- wndNoTopMost Repositions the window to the top of all nontopmost windows (that is, behind all topmost windows). This flag has no effect if the window is already a nontopmost window.
娉ㄦ剰錛?BR> 榪欓噷鐨勫潗鏍囧弬鏁扮敤鐨勬槸Client鍧愭爣錛屽浜庡瓙紿楀彛鐢ㄧ殑鏄叾鐖剁獥鍙ｇ殑鍧愭爣緋匯傜劧鑰屽浜庣敤DoModal()寮瑰嚭鐨勭獥鍙ｏ紝濡傛灉鍦ㄨ祫婧愬睘鎬ч噷娌℃湁閫夋嫨Child灞炴х殑璇濓紝瀹冪殑鐖剁獥鍙ｆ槸DeskTop錛岃屼笉鏄皟鐢―oModal()鐨勭獥鍙ｃ?BR>
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BOOL MoveWindow( HWND hWnd, //Handle to the window int X, //Specifies the new position of the left side of the window. int Y, //Specifies the new position of the top of the window. int nWidth, int nHeight, BOOL bRepaint);榪欎釜鏄?API鍑芥暟錛屽鏋滃湪MFC涓嬌鐢–Wnd::MoveWindow鍒欎笉闇瑕佺涓涓弬鏁板彞鏌刪Wnd錛屽叾浠栫浉鍚屻?img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/geforcex/aggbug/3574.html" width = "1" height = "1" />
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char *pStr;char ch;char str[] = "Hello";ch = str[1];*pStr = str[1];printf("ch = %c\n", ch);printf("*pStr = %c", *pStr);姝ゆ椂鎵撳嵃ch鍊肩殑鏃跺欒兘姝ｇ‘杈撳嚭錛屼絾鏄墦鍗皃Str[0]鐨勬椂鍊欏氨鍑洪棶棰樹簡錛岃窡韙彂鐜版槸pStr[0] = str[1];榪欏彞鍑虹幇闂銆?BR>
鍘熸潵錛宑har *pStr; 鍙畾涔変簡涓涓?瀛楄妭鐨勬寚閽堝彉閲忥紝鑰岃繖涓彉閲忛噷闈㈢殑鍐呭鏄皢瑕佹寚鍚戜竴涓猚har綾誨瀷鍙橀噺鐨勶紝浣嗘槸姝ゆ椂pStr鍙槸涓滈噹鎸囬拡鈥濓紝騫舵病鏈夋寚鍚戜竴涓猚har綾誨瀷鐨勫唴瀛樺崟鍏冿紝鎵浠ワ紝褰撶敤*pStr鏉ヨ闂繖涓厓绱犳椂錛岀郴緇熸牴鏈笉鐭ラ亾璇ヨ闂綍澶勭殑絀洪棿錛屽洜姝わ紝鍦ㄤ嬌鐢╬Str鍓嶏紝蹇呴』璁╁畠鎸囧悜涓涓叿浣撶殑絀洪棿銆?BR>
鐢變笂闈㈠彲浠ュ皢鐩稿叧璇彞鏀逛負(fù)
char *pStr;char ch;char str[] = "Hello";pStr = &ch; //pStr鎸囧悜ch銆佽幏寰楀垵濮嬪寲pStr = &str[1]; //pStr鎸囧悜str[1]鍦板潃銆佽幏寰楀垵濮嬪寲ch = str[1];*pStr = str[1];printf("ch = %c\n", ch);printf("*pStr = %c", *pStr);鈼庡彟澶栵紝鍦ㄥ瓙鍑芥暟涓嬌鐢╩alloc()/new()鍒嗛厤鐨勫唴瀛樼┖闂翠笉浼?xì)鍥犲瓙鍑芥暟鐨剺q斿洖鑰屾秷澶?/FONT>錛屽嚱鏁板彧浼?xì)娓呯悊璋冨瓙鍑芥暟閲屽畾涔夌殑鍙橀噺鐨劷I洪棿錛屽錛?
char* func()
{
char *p; p = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)); return p;
} //榪斿洖鍚庯紝p鎵鍦ㄧ┖闂磋閲婃斁錛屼絾鏄痯鎵鎸囩┖闂磋繕瀛樺湪姝や腑鏂規(guī)硶鍙互鐢ㄦ潵瑙ｅ喅鈥滄寚閽堢殑鎸囬拡鈥濅嬌鐢ㄤ笉鏂逛究鐨勯棶棰樸傛楠ゅ垎2姝ワ細(xì)1銆佹妸浼犲叆鐨勬寚閽堢殑鎸囬拡鍙傛暟鍘繪帀錛?銆佹妸鍑芥暟鐨勮繑鍥炲艱祴緇欒鏀瑰彉鐨勫璞＄殑鎸囬拡錛?
void GetMemory2(char **p, int num){ *p = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * num);}void Test2(void){ char *str = NULL; GetMemory2(&str, 100); // 娉ㄦ剰鍙傛暟鏄?nbsp;&str錛岃屼笉鏄痵tr strcpy(str, "hello"); cout<< str << endl; free(str); }/**///////涓嬮潰鏄敤浼犻掑姩鎬佸唴瀛樼殑鏂規(guī)硶瀹炵幇char *GetMemory3(int num){ char *p = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * num); return p;}void Test3(void){ char *str = NULL; str = GetMemory3(100); strcpy(str, "hello"); cout<< str << endl; free(str); }]]>
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