?怎么才能x(chng)一个用d理器关不了(jin)的进E?我前D|间发现我的机子里多了(jin)一个进E,只要开机就在,我用d理器却怎么关也关不?jin)?nbsp;  
 {?:杀q程很容易,随便找个工具都行。比如IceSword。关键是扑ֈq个q程的启动方式,不然下次重启它又出来?jin)。顺便教大家一招狠的。其实用Windows自带的工具就能杀大部分进E:(x) 
  c:\> ntsd -c q -p PID   

    只有System、SMSS.EXE和CSRSS.EXE不能杀。前两个是纯内核态的Q最后那个是Win32子系l,ntsd本n需要它。ntsd?000开始就是系l自带的用户态调试工兗被调试器附着(attach)的进E会(x)随调试器一起退出,所以可以用来在命o(h)行下l止q程。用ntsd自动p得了(jin)debug权限Q从而能杀掉大部分的进E。ntsd?x)新开一个调试窗口,本来在纯命o(h)行下无法控制Q但如果只是单的命o(h)Q比如退?q)Q用-c参数从命令行传递就行了(jin)。Ntsd 按照惯例也向软g开发h员提供。只有系l开发h员(sh)用此命o(h)。用?开个cmd.exeH口Q输入:(x)   
  ntsd -c q -p PID   
  把最后那个PIDQ改成你要终止的q程的ID。如果你不知道进E的IDQQ务管理器-> q程选项?> 查看-> 选择?> 勾上"PID(q程标识W?"Q然后就能看见了(jin)?br>  {?Qxp下还有两个好东东tasklist和tskill。tasklist能列出所有的q程Q和相应的信息。tskill能查杀q程Q语法很单:(x)tskill E序名?2003pȝ也可以用以上命?/div>

Legend 2008-05-07 09:33 发表评论
]]>The 64 bit OS Architecturehttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2008/03/09/44027.htmlLegendLegendSun, 09 Mar 2008 09:21:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2008/03/09/44027.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/44027.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2008/03/09/44027.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/commentRss/44027.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/services/trackbacks/44027.htmlThe 64 bit OS Architecture
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/system/64BitOSAndPortingIssues.aspx


Legend 2008-03-09 17:21 发表评论
]]>
函数式编E和命o(h)式编E?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2008/01/27/41978.html</link><dc:creator>Legend</dc:creator><author>Legend</author><pubDate>Sun, 27 Jan 2008 09:45:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2008/01/27/41978.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/41978.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2008/01/27/41978.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/commentRss/41978.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/services/trackbacks/41978.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<u><font color=#810081>析C++中的this指针</font></u>         <a ><br>http://blog.csdn.net/starlee/archive/2008/01/24/2062586.aspx</a><br><br>函数式编E和命o(h)式编E?nbsp;          <br><a >http://blog.csdn.net/shendl/archive/2008/01/24/2064218.aspx</a> <img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/aggbug/41978.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/" target="_blank">Legend</a> 2008-01-27 17:45 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2008/01/27/41978.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>x(chng)Tangramhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/11/04/35844.htmlLegendLegendSun, 04 Nov 2007 01:57:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/11/04/35844.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/35844.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/11/04/35844.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/commentRss/35844.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/services/trackbacks/35844.htmlhttp://blog.csdn.net/sunhui/

Legend 2007-11-04 09:57 发表评论
]]>
Cadc presidenthttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/11/03/35821.htmlLegendLegendSat, 03 Nov 2007 13:34:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/11/03/35821.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/35821.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/11/03/35821.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/commentRss/35821.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/services/trackbacks/35821.html 于是Q 我们开?jin)一个类g座谈?x)的会(x)。 Ҏ(gu)是AutoDesk中国研究中心(j)的老大Q 仔细回忆?jin)一下, 好像工作以来Q 遇到的最历害的h要算他了(jin)Q 复旦毕业Q 留学国Q 加入Autodesk, 回中国创办CADCQAutoDesk中国研究中心(j)Q,说话也的是蛮有水^的。 既然是强人, 对其q行观察ȝQ应该是很有启发作用的?/p>

 首先是我对他的的个h印象Q?

   1)  谦虚Q不摆架子。 当我们这初?gu)庐的伙子自我介l完毕,他也非常诚恳的作?jin)自我介l, 我觉得这是对我们的尊重(不像别hQ由PM或秘?sh)介l一下, 他是某某某,是哪里哪里的专家/l理Q鼓掌。。。)(j)Q 他的自我介绍和我们的一P 哪里毕业Q 然后d里, 做什么。。。, 感觉很真诚的那种?/p>

   2) 开放 QOpenQ,善于z跃气氛Q 使比较拘谨的我们放松开来, 从而从我们q边获得他所需要的反馈?/p>

   3)  q默, 比如说说CC国开创CADCӞ 他非常自然的说了(jin)句:(x) 我是C国这Ҏ(gu)开门的。ƈ做了(jin)个开门的动作。感觉气氛一下子L下来?jin)?/p>

   4)   思维快速,善于抓住重点 他一边引导我们说出我们的反馈Q 一面记录, 一面已l想好了(jin)解决Ҏ(gu)。 {我们说完,他也随即l我们提Z(jin)一个解x(chng)案。 且不说解x(chng)案如何, 但确实是抓住?jin)重炏V抓住重点,实是一w帔R要的能力?/p>

 

   其次是他说的一些比较有意思的话:(x)

   1) 要善于提Q 敢于问问题?/p>

       There are no dump questions, only dump solutions!

       我们很多人都不愿提徏议, 问问题, 可能很大的原因是怕自q问题太stupid, 被hW话。其实在一个团队合作的时候, 只要你有问题Q q且l过思考之后无法解冻I 你就可以提出来。如果这是一个好的问题, 那很好, 不仅可以解决你的问题Q q可以作为FAQ保存hQ 如果q真的是一?stupid"的问题,提出来也有其好处Q因为每个h的思维方式是不同的Q 你的问题可以帮助人家从另外的视角(perspective)来看q个问题Q 从而间接从你的问题?sh)受益。 所以, 不论何时Q 只要你有问题Q 大胆的提出来吧, There are no dump questions.

   2) 表达Q沟通能力至关重要?/p>

技术是谁都可以学会(x)的, 但表达, 沟通的能力却需要在实际中慢慢培养v来的。你来的Career如何Q 你的表达Q沟通能力是非常非常重要的?/p>

   3)  注重质量?/p>

  在追求效率的同时Q 一定不能忽视质量, 没有质量Q 什么数量, 效率都毫无意义?/p>

  考试做题Ӟ 不求所有的题都能做完, 但所做的题必都是正的。不然我做的很快Q 做的题很多, 但是没有质量Q都是错的,最后不仅没有Q何收P q白白浪费了(jin)旉。 写程序等其它事情和这个是一个道?/p>

Trackback: http://tb.blog.csdn.net/TrackBack.aspx?PostId=750262



Legend 2007-11-03 21:34 发表评论
]]>
Assemblyhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/07/33682.htmlLegendLegendSun, 07 Oct 2007 05:20:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/07/33682.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/33682.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/07/33682.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/commentRss/33682.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/services/trackbacks/33682.htmlhttp://www.x86asm.com/

80x86

SubjectQ?/font>汇编资源|站L[国外]

 Editor:admin  Time:2007-7-22 9:54  Read:722  Score:10  Print
 Writer:80x86汇编站
 Excerpt:80x86汇编站
 PrefaceQ?/span>
今天搜烦(ch)到的一些国外汇~网站的L.....
 ContentQ?/span>
26.1  CAUTION
            Individuals maintain all of the web sites listed here.  I will strive to
            maintain this list current but do not be surprised if the addresses no
            longer are current.
            26.2 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE RELATED HOME PAGES
            Randy Hyde’s Assembly Language Page
            http://webster.ucr.edu/Page_asm
                    Excellent tutorial, Art of Assembly Language
            ASM Style Guide
            Christian Ludoff’s 80x86 Sandpile Page
            http://www.sandpile.org  Basic Page
            http://www.sandpile.org/80x86/overview.shtml
                    The second page is where you should kept you link.  Much good
            information is available at this site.
            EG3 Electronic Communication’s Electronic Engineer’s Toolbox
            http://www.eg3.com/softd/assembly.htm
                http://www.eg3.com/softdv/assembly.htm
            http://www.eg3.com/softd/assmhot.htm
            Assembly Language Hot Lists and Major Resources.
            Robert Collins' x86 Monthly Digest
            http://www.x86.org/
                    Intel processor bugs
            Intel data sheets and programming manuals
            In-Depth articles
            Productivity ehancements and programming tips
            Rober Collins’ Dr. Dobb’s Journal Undocumented Corner.
            Much more
            Jannes Faber's Assembly home page
            http://www.fys.ruu.nl/~faber/Amain.html
            List of ASM Books with short reviews
            A few hints and tricks
            Complete source code to some of his programs
            A listing of EMS Professional Shareware products
            Ray Rose's HTML For Assembler home page
            http://www.alaska.net/~rrose/assembly.htm
            An extensive list of ASM books without descriptions
            Links to alt.lang.asm, comp.lang.asm.x86, and
            alt.msdos.programmer newsgroups.
            Link to the Yahoo/Computers and Internet/Languages/Assembly page
            (see below)
            NASM: The Netwide Assembler Project
            http://www.cryogen.com/nasm
                A group of programmers are writing a new assembler.  This home page
            describes the project and where to download the latest version.
            Michael Babcock's Programming Home Page (many broken links on pages)
            http://w3.tyenet.com/mbabcock/mtb.programming.html
                    This home page has links to:
            Optimizing 803/4/586 ASM Programming
            http://w3.tyenet.com/mbabcock/prg.optimize.html
                        ASM Tutorial
            http://w3.tyenet.com/mbabcock/prg.asmtut1.html
                        Utilities
            http://w3.tyenet.com/mbabcock/prg.utils.html
            The Official Web Shareware Site
            http://www.jumbo.com/pages/programming/dos/asmutl/
            This site appears to have a few ASM files not on SimTel.
            Dr. ASM's Assembly Home Page
            http://web.syr.edu/~dbgrandi/assembly.htm
            Some answered questions and links to other assembly related sites.
            James Vahn's 80xxx Snippets - 80x86 Assembly Language Enthusiasts
            http://www.cet.com/~jvahn
                    Download snippets & Booklist
            Kip Irvine's Assembly Language Sources
            http://www.nuvisionmiami.cim/kip/asm.htm
            Gavin Estey's Home
            http://www.strangecreations.com/library/assembly/index.htm
                    His ASM tutorial, other ASM Links, FAQs and Optimizations
            Grzegorz Mazur's x86 CPU Stuff
            http://grafi.ii.pw.edu.pl/gbm/x86/index.html
                    x86 CPU identification algorithms
            Cyrix/IBM5x86/6x86 (and 486) control program
            Links to other information on x86 family CPUs
            Heath Holcomb's x86 Assembly Page
            http://www.wfu.edu/~holcojh5/x86asm/x86asm.html
            Some pointers on what is assembly language, what is assembly
            good for, and what do you need to get started.
            Pointers to ASM Tutorial, this FAQ, other ASM web pages
            Eric Isaacson's A86 Assembler and D86 Debugger Page
            http://eji.com/a86/index.htm
                    Overviews of a86 and a386 assemblers, d86 and d386 debuggers,
            download and purchase of a86 and d86.
            Tore Nilsson's Assembly Tutorial Page
            http://www.ice-digga.com/programming/
                    VLA's Assembly and DMA programming tutorials, Asphyxia's VGA
            tutorials, and some graphics and sound programming
            information.
            Gerd Kortemeyer’s 387/486DX/Pentium/Floating Point Processor Stuff
            http://www.nscl.msu.edu/~kortemey/copro.html
            A collection of assembler routines written for Turbo Pascal and
            C++.  Most of the comments are in German after an English
            introduction.
            Cameron’s 386+ Programming Page             NOT CURRENTLY WORKING
            http://free.prohosting.com/~cameron/
                    32 bit DOS extender/Utilities/pmode extender
            File formats and specifications/Game programming
            Knowledge Base with ASM tutorials, Denthor’s VGA Trainer and
            Univ. of Guadalajara ASM tutorial
            Peter’s PMODE Home Page
            http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Peaks/1231/
                    Pmode tutorials and programming related files
            Niko Komin’s Assembler for PCS page
            http://www.inx.de/~nkomin/html/assembe.htm
                    Shareware, pmode, x86 mnemonics, ASM related links.
            Alexandre Zvenigorosky III’s Programs for PC 386+
            http://www.cpod.com/monoweb/zveni/prg.html
            Zvenigorosky’s assembler and debugger, currently documentation
            only in French.
            Rich Elber’s ValArrow (286 Assembler) Page
            http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Heights/7052/valarr2.html
            Links to Arrowsoft Assembler, ZD86 debugger, discussion of
            Arrowsoft’s Assemblers deviations from MASM.
            Kurt I. Groenbech’s Alab Homepage
            http://www.nano.no/~espeng/alab/
            Home page for the Assembler Laboratory that is an IDE for
            assemblers
            Christian Kurzke’s Advanced x86 Assembly Programming
            http://wwwcip.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/user/cnkurzke/hwkmcs/index.html
            Excerpts from lessons given at Adalbert Stifter Gymnasium in
            1989
            Bob Richardson’s PC Assembly Language Page
            http://lexitech.com/bobrich/
            Eighteen topics taken from his SELFIN PC Assembly Language
            Group.
            Jesper Pedersen’s Processor Information Page
            http://www.imada.ou.dk/~jews/PInfo/intel.html
            List of instructions and opcodes used by Intel, AMD, Cyrix and
            Nexgen.
            Quantasm’s x86 and Pentium Programming Tips and Info
            http://www.quantasm.com/freeinfo.html
            Steve Kemp’s Assembly Language Programming Index  (Not currently
            working)
            http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/skx/asm/index.html
            Assembly Language Newbie information.  A86 Source Code
            Ferdi Smit’s Assemble It! Page
            http://www.xs4all.nl/~smit/
                    His own source code, 3D programming, his own ASM tutorial,
            optimization and other information.
            Paul Hsieh's x86 Assembly Language Page
            http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/9498/asm.html
            Feature articles, Optimization and General
            Programming/References
            Jaap Harm's 80x86 Assembly Page             (Not currently working)
            http://home.worldonline.nl/~jaapharm/
                    Tutorial, source code and links
            Charles Winner‘s ASM Resources              (Not currently working)
            http://www.cse.utoledo.edu/%7Ecwinner/assembly.html
            G. Adam Stanislav’s Whiz Kid Technomagic
            http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Heights/7394/
                    Win95 Assembly Language source code examples
            John Eckerdal’s Assembly Page
            http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Park/6452/index.html
                    Nice collection of Assembly Gems.
            Gaz's Little Web Programming Page
            http://www.fortunecity.com/skyscraper/fatbit/427/programming.html
                    Protected Mode Tutorial and large library of NASM source code
            written for the WDosX 32 bit DOS extender
            Christopher Giese’s Triple Fault Club
            http://www.netwurx.net/~geezer/os/index.htm
            NASM and DJGPP Code, Protected Mode Code, OS Code
            The Bass Demon's Operating System Theory Page
            http://home.c2i.net/tkjoerne/os/index.htm
            Information on Hard Disks, Partitioning and Booting, FAT
            specific file system information, File system theory article,
            Available assembler source codes and Memory Management
            OS Development Page
            http://milkyway.isa.net.au/os-dev/index2.html
            Documentation, Links, Source files, Bulletin Board
            The NASM Advocate
            http://people.mw.mediaone.net/nasm/index.html
            NASM source code, documentation (HTML format), NASM specific
            IDE, NASM Links, NASM Mailing List and NASM Mailing List
            Archives
            Anthony's Programming Page:
            http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Network/4311/
            Home of ALINK, a freeware linker for MSDOS and Win32. It links
            Intel/Microsoft OMF object and library files, to MSDOS COM and
            EXE files, and PE files for Win32 (including DLLs). Source code
            (ANSI C) is also available for download – this should compile
            with any 32-bit ANSI C compiler.
            Craig Peacock's Interfacing the PC Page
            http://www.senet.com.au/~cpeacock/
                    Much information about interfacing with the parallel and serial
            ports, information about IRQs and AT keyboards, and many links
            to more technical information.
            Chris Dragan's Home Page
            http://ams.ampr.org/cdragan/
            His own programs and assembler source code, Win32 programs.
            David Lindauer's LADSoft Computer Page
            http://www.ladsoft.com
            PMODE Information
            Windows assembly demos for TASM
            MSDOS Demo/utility programs
            Jan Wagemakers' Linux and Assembler Home Page
            http://bewoner.dma.be/JanW/eng.html
            Brennan's Guide to Inline Assembly
            http://www.rt66.com/~brennan/djgpp/bgtia.html
            Information on AT&T syntax
            Dr. Carter's PC Assembly Programming Code Page
            http://www.comsc.ucok.edu/~pcarter/pcasm/code/
                    Much NASM code
            Gustavo Net's ASM page
            http://www.gustavo.net/programming/asm.shtml
                    Links to tutorials, Programmer's Forum, source code, and more.
            Henry S. Takeuchi's Windows 95 Assembly Language Programming
            http://www.eskimo.com/~htak/win95asm/win95asm.htm
                    Source code and tutorial
            Glenn Strycker's The International Brotherhood of Assembly/Machine
            Programmers (IBAMP)
            http://www.members.kconline.com/strycker/IBAMP/index.html
                    Assembly Chat and Forum, links, source code
            Alexei A. Frounze HomePage!
            http://alexfru.chat.ru/eindex.html
            Protected Mode information, many ASM Links, V86 Mode Monitor
            Tutorial, COFF Utilities
            Linux/i386 assembly programming page
            http://linuxassembly.org
                    Linux assembly documentation, tutorials and utilities. Many
            Linux related links.
            Alex Verstak Programming Page
            http://members.tripod.com/~averstak/
                    Much disk structure, e.g., boot, FAT, directory and filenames –
            short and long
            Contributor:  Raymond Moon, raymoon@moonware.dgsys.com
            Last changed: 20 Feb 2000


Legend 2007-10-07 13:20 发表评论
]]>
谈谈C++中的抽象http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/06/33628.htmlLegendLegendSat, 06 Oct 2007 09:27:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/06/33628.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/33628.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/06/33628.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/commentRss/33628.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/services/trackbacks/33628.html李徏?| E序无痕 http://www.lijianzhong.com/?p=7

q两天抽I在审校邓际锋(soloistQ先生翻译的Bjarne Stroustrup为Embedded software and systems. 2005写作?a target=_blank>?Abstraction and the C++ machine model?/a>一文。结合自׃D|间的C++培训l验Q对C++的抽象有?jin)更多的思考,在此作一单ȝQ与朋友们交?/p>

Z(jin)问题谈清楚Q首先来谈谈抽象QAbstractionQ这个词Qwikipedia?a target=_blank>Abstraction有如下解释:(x)

Abstraction is the process of reducing the information content of a concept, typically in order to retain only information which is relevant for a particular purpose.

单来_(d)是“ȝ取精”Q或?#8220;M相关Q取相关”?/p>

q?#8220;一M?#8221;的目的何在?wikipedia也给?jin)很好的解释Q?/p>

Complexity reduction

Abstraction typically results in complexity reduction leading to a simpler conceptualization of a domain in order to facilitate processing or understanding of many specific scenarios in a generic way

M而言Q前面摘自wikipedia的两D话非常D地说明了(jin)“抽象”在我们认识事物过E中所扮演的关键角艜y(c)—推开来说Qh对世界的认识Q实际上是一个不?#8220;抽象”的过E?#8220;抽象”的力量普遍存在于各种学科Q各个领域中。当?dng)具体到各个学U领域还是有一些具体的差别?/p>

好,下面来具体谈谈C++中的抽象Q或者说~程语言的抽象。从最Ҏ(gu)性的目的来言Q计机是对h的一U抽象——当然Turing的这个美好愿望要靠程序员来慢慢实现。编E语a在这个过E中扮演的角色就是将 “计算机容易理解的东西”抽象?#8220;人容易理解的东西”。结合目前主的~程语言QC++, C#, Java, VB.NET {)(j)QD些例子具体来谈其中的抽象Q就是让E序员:(x)

基本的编E抽?/strong>
* 忘掉数据Q无论对?指针/引用Q在内存?sh)的地址Q将_֊集中在数据所表达的类型实例概念上

面向q程~程的抽?/strong>
* 忘掉函数调用的压?出栈l节Q将_֊集中在函C间的调用关系?/p>

Z对象~程的抽?/strong>
* 忘掉对象中数据成员(字段Q的内存布局Q将_֊集中在数据成员对对象状态的表达?br>* 忘掉对象中函数成员(Ҏ(gu)Q的l定机制以及(qing)this指针Q将_֊集中在函数成员对对象行ؓ(f)的表达上 

面向对象~程的抽?/strong>
* 忘掉cȝ承下子类对象中数据成员的内存布局Q将_֊集中在承所带来的子cd的概念上
*忘掉虚函数相关的虚表vTablel构Q将_֊集中在虚函数所带来的动态多态的概念?nbsp;

泛型~程的抽?/strong>
* 忘掉模板的各U编译与l定机制Q将_֊集中在用一l抽象的概念来表达一l类型的需求条件上

面向lg~程的抽?/strong>
* 忘掉lgq_背后的元数据{机Ӟ精力集中在lg化模块所表达的黑盒概念上

 

q些“忘掉…而将_֊集中?#8230;?#8221;?#8220;抽象”攑ֈC#, Java, VB.NET {其他语a中,很多E序员都可以L做到——换句话_(d)可以不关?#8220;各种抽象背后所映射的底层机器模?#8221;Q只兛_(j)语言表达?#8220;抽象”Q而照样开发出合格甚至优秀的程序。这Pq些语言下的E序员基本上遵@下面的学?fn)\径,可以成Z个合格的E序员:(x)

掌握语言语法构?#8211;>掌握设计思想Q即抽象Q?#8211;>开发应用程?或?E序?/strong>

但是如果攑ֈC++Q一个程序员无论如何不能够做?#8220;忘掉…而将_֊集中?#8230;?#8221;?#8220;抽象”Q否则连写出哪怕是正确q行的程序都很难。一个合格的C++E序员必遵循下面的学习(fn)路径Q?/p>

掌握语言语法构?#8211;>掌握各种抽象所映射的底层机器模?#8211;>掌握设计思想Q即抽象Q?#8211;>开发应用程?或?E序?/strong>

q就是C++?#8220;抽象”的问题!C++E序员无法摆?#8220;各种抽象所映射的底层机器模?#8221;而将_֊单独集中?#8220;抽象”上——换句话_(d)C++的抽象性和它的底层性是C++的一体两面,不能够像其他语言一栯易分开?/p>

那么是什么导致了(jin)C++q种独特?#8220;不够d的抽?#8221;呢?q种“不够d的抽?#8221;到底有什么优劣呢Q?/p>

Bjarne Stroustrup 在?Abstraction and the C++ machine model》一文中重复?jin)他在设计C++时一贯的哲学Q?/p>

* 在切实可行的最高抽象层ơ上~程 Work at the highest feasible level of abstraction

所?#8220;切实可行”是不损?qing)效率,灉|Q管?#8230;…单地说就是C++希望在获?#8220;抽象”的同Ӟ仍然可能地不损׃Q何效率。C++一路发展过来,实辑ֈ?jin)这个目标。这正是C++“不够d的抽?#8221;之原因?/p>

q种“不够d的抽?#8221;当然为C++赢得?jin)巨大的成功Q得C++成ؓ(f)pȝUY件的首选语aQ是M其它一门语a都无法望光背,参见q些重量U的软ghttp://public.research.att.com/~bs/applications.html?/p>

但这也得C++在程序员圈子里一直是公认的难学难用。孟岩在C++开源程序库评话Q节选)(j) 中谈到用C++写优U的程序库非常难这一事实。可惜只谈了(jin)“?#8221;的结论,没有?#8220;?#8221;的原因。事实上QC++q不仅仅在写E序库时难,用C++写应用程序同样不?x)轻?#8211;相对其他语言而谈Q只是C++写程序库要同时考虑?#8220;抽象性和底层?#8221;思维力度更大|了(jin)。所有的Ҏ(gu)都在于C++q种“不够d的抽?#8221;?/p>

我不知道“C++的抽象性和底层性这U一体两面的紧密l合”?x)在多大E度上损伤C++E序员学?fn)的U极性,q从而媄(jing)响C++应用的popularityQ以?qing)?jing)响Y仉目的质量和进度?但至对于目前希望成为C++E序员的朋友来讲Q必认识到“需要同时掌握C++语言抽象性和底层?#8221;q个事实Q才能将C++d掌握好,q也是我在目前不是l企业,q是个h学员讲授C++培训评时经常强调的?/p>

当然QC++C֌也意识到?jin)这个问题,C++0x 也确立了(jin)一?#8220;同时Z家和新手提供支持”的原则,参见Bjarne Stroustrup在去qC++软g技术大?x)上的发a《C++0x概览?/a>。但是从目前来看Q这个原则诏ȝq不能o(h)人满意。例如,我不太相信如果一个C++E序员(sh)清楚理解指针Q对象,模板QconceptQC++0x中的C西)(j){所映射的底层机器模型,p够轻村ֆ出Bjarne在《C++0x概览》一文中最后演C的那个draw_all()的例子——虽然Bjarne Stroustrup期望所有C++E序员都认ؓ(f)?#8220;如此单!”

也许我们本来׃应该对C++期望太多Q既惌它有极致的效率来构造系lYӞ又想让它有纯然的抽象来满_化无常的一般性Y件开发——世界上好像没有十全十美的事情,当然也没有十全十的语言:)



Legend 2007-10-06 17:27 发表评论
]]>
lijianzhong 必须知道?NET] 开有?http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/06/33627.htmlLegendLegendSat, 06 Oct 2007 09:17:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/06/33627.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/33627.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/06/33627.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/commentRss/33627.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/services/trackbacks/33627.htmlhttp://www.cnblogs.com/anytao/archive/2007/04/06/must_net_00.html

http://www.lijianzhong.com/

q两天抽I在审校邓际锋(soloistQ先生翻译的Bjarne Stroustrup为Embedded software and systems. 2005写作?a target=_blank>?Abstraction and the C++ machine model?/font>一文。结合自׃D|间的C++培训l验Q对C++的抽象有?jin)更多的思考,在此作一单ȝQ与朋友们交?

Legend 2007-10-06 17:17 发表评论
]]>
NET开发资源站点和部分U.NET开源项?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/06/33625.html</link><dc:creator>Legend</dc:creator><author>Legend</author><pubDate>Sat, 06 Oct 2007 09:09:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/06/33625.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/33625.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/06/33625.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/commentRss/33625.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/services/trackbacks/33625.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<table cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=4 width="100%" align=center border=0> <tbody> <tr> <td class=headDiv width="87%"><strong><font class=viewhead>.NET开发资源站点和部分U.NET开源项?/font></strong> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class=content colSpan=2><img style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" height=4 alt="" src="http://writeblog.csdn.net/Editor/FCKeditor/editor/" width=2 name=HideImage> <p><strong>.Net General</strong></p> <ul> <li><a target=_blank>微Y.Net中文主页</a> <li><a target=_blank>.NET Framework开发中?/a> <li><a target=_blank>微Y.Net Framework中文产品支持中心(j)</a> <li><a target=_blank>微Y.Net Framework中文新闻l?Web)</a> <li><a target=_blank>微YVB.Net中文新闻l?Web)</a> <li><a target=_blank>博客?.NET 2.0 专题</a> <li><a target=_blank>孟宪?x)之_ֽ世界</a> <li><a target=_blank>微Y.NET׃?/a> <li><a target=_blank>MSDN中文|络q播</a> <li><a target=_blank>AspxBoy教程|?/a> <li><a target=_blank>天极|微软开发专?/a> <li><a target=_blank>中国IT实验室DOTNET频道</a> <li><a target=_blank>阿良.Net主页</a> <li><a target=_blank>中国IT实验?Net?sh)子教程下?/a> <li><a target=_blank>中国IT实验?Net源码</a> <li><a target=_blank>清风|络学院.Net专栏</a> <li><a target=_blank>vs2005入门 .net 2.0pd视频教程</a> <li><a class=redlink target=_blank>.NET 事g模型教程</a> <li><a target=_blank>.net教程?qing)参考资料下?/a> <li><a target=_blank>VS2005.com—专注于MS.NET技?/a> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Asp.Net</strong></p> <ul> <li><a target=_blank>ASP.NET中文官方|?/a> <li><a target=_blank>MSDN ASP.NET开发中?/a> <li><a target=_blank>Asp.Net 1.1快速入门教E?/a> <li><a target=_blank>Asp.Net 2.0快速入门教E?/a> <li><a target=_blank>ASP.NET 2.0快速入门系列教E?/a> <li><a target=_blank>微YAsp.Net中文新闻l?Web)</a> <li><a target=_blank>中国.NET׃?/a> <li><a target=_blank>CSDN ASP.NET频道</a> <li><a target=_blank>AspxCN</a> <li><a target=_blank>Asp.Net中文׃?/a> <li><a target=_blank>AspNetPager免费分页控g</a> <li><a target=_blank>51aspx—asp.net源码下蝲</a> <li><a target=_blank>|易学院 ASP.NET</a> <li><a target=_blank>清风|络学院 Asp.Net开?/a> <li><a target=_blank>多客IT教程|?Asp.Net</a> <li><a target=_blank>Scott Mitchell的ASP.NET2.0教程中文?/a> <li><a target=_blank>基督山ASP.NET|上教程</a> <li><a target=_blank>VS2005控g演示</a> <li><a target=_blank>ASP.NET高教程—实战篇</a> <li><a target=_blank>~程中国asp.net教程</a> <li><a target=_blank>L(fng)动力asp.net专栏</a> <li><a target=_blank>友佳学院asp.net专栏</a> <li><a target=_blank>~程爱好者asp.net文档中心(j)</a> <li><a target=_blank>烁空|页~程开发技术文?/a> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Visual Studio</strong></p> <ul> <li><a target=_blank>Visual Studio开发中?/a> <li><a target=_blank>Visual Studio最C文知识库文章</a> <li><a target=_blank>微YVisual Studio 2005中文产品支持中心(j)</a> <li><a target=_blank>博客园Visual Studio 2005专题</a> <li><a target=_blank>Visual Studio 2005入门视频教程</a> <li><a target=_blank>Visual Studio 2005 How-to文章</a> <li><a target=_blank>Visual Studio 2005疑难解答</a>  </li> </ul> <p><strong>Visual C#.Net</strong></p> <ul> <li><a target=_blank>Visual C#开发中?/a> <li><a target=_blank>微YC#中文产品支持中心(j)</a> <li><a target=_blank>C#最C文知识库文章</a> <li><a target=_blank>Koders源代码搜索引??</a> <li><a target=_blank>微YC#中文新闻l?Web)</a> <li><a target=_blank>中国C#技术学?fn)中?/a> <li><a target=_blank>中文C#技术网</a> <li><a target=_blank>清风|络学院C#专栏</a> <li><a target=_blank>中国IT实验室C#?sh)子教程下?/a> <li><a target=_blank>天新|C#专题</a> <li><a target=_blank>C#开源资源大?/a> <li><a target=_blank>C#教程?qing)语a参?/a> <li><a target=_blank>C#语言教程文章</a> <li><a target=_blank>L(fng)动力C#专栏</a> <li><a target=_blank>~程爱好者C#文档中心(j)</a> </li> </ul> <strong>VB.NET</strong> <ul> <li><a target=_blank>L(fng)动力vb.net专栏</a> <li><a target=_blank>~程爱好者vb.net文档中心(j)</a> <li><a target=_blank>微YVB.NET Step By Step pd评</a> <li><a target=_blank>MSDN Visual Basic开发中?/a> </li> </ul> <p><strong>.NETC֌</strong></p> <ul> <li><a target=_blank>CSDNC֌</a> <li><a target=_blank>微Y.Net Framework中文新闻l?Web)</a> <li><a target=_blank>微YAsp.Net中文新闻l?Web)</a> <li><a target=_blank>微YC#中文新闻l?Web)</a> <li><a target=_blank>微YVB.Net中文新闻l?Web)</a> </li> </ul> <p><strong>.NET博客</strong></p> <ul> <li><a target=_blank>博客?/a> <li><a target=_blank>博客?/a> <li><a target=_blank>Scott Guthrie博客中文?/a> <li><a target=_blank>思归呓语</a> <li><a target=_blank>蝈蝈?/a> <li><a target=_blank>清清月儿 .NET万花{?/a> <li><a target=_blank>Cat in DotNet</a> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Ajax</strong></p> <ul> <li><a target=_blank>ASP.NET AJAX 英文官方|站(?</a> <li><a target=_blank>Asp.Net Ajax 软g工具??</a> <li><a target=_blank>博客园Asp.Net Ajax专题</a> <li><a target=_blank>ASP.NET AJAX 视频</a> <li><a target=_blank>ASP.NET AJAX "How Do I?"视频教程pȝ(?</a> <li><a target=_blank>Ajax.NET</a> <li><a target=_blank>MagicAjax.NET</a> <li><a target=_blank>Anthem.NET</a> <li><a target=_blank>AJAX CNRUI</a> </li> </ul> <p><strong>工具下蝲</strong></p> <ul> <li><a target=_blank>.NET Framework 1.1 版可再发行组件包</a> <li><a target=_blank>.NET Framework 1.1 版简体中文语a?/a> <li><a target=_blank>.NET Framework 1.1 版Y件开发工具包</a> <li><a target=_blank>.NET Framework 1.1 Service Pack 1</a> <li><a target=_blank>.NET Framework 2.0 版可再发行组件包(x86)</a> <li><a target=_blank>.NET Framework 2.0 软g开发工具包(SDK)(x86)</a> <li><a target=_blank>.NET Framework 2.0 版简体中文语a?x86)</a> <li><a target=_blank>.NET Framework 3.0 可再发行lg?/a> <li><a target=_blank>Visual Studio 2005 Team Suite 180天试用版</a> <li><a target=_blank>Visual Studio 2005 专业?0天试用版</a> <li><a target=_blank>Visual Studio 2005 SP1</a> <li><a target=_blank>ASP.NET Ajax 1.1</a> <li><a target=_blank>Asp.Net AJAX Control Toolkit</a> <li><a target=_blank>Reflector</a> </li> </ul> <p><strong>开源程?/strong></p> <ul> <li><a target=_blank>DasBlog - Zasp.net的博客引?/a> <li><a target=_blank>Umbroca - ASP.NET CMSpȝ</a> <li><a target=_blank>BugTracker.NET—bug跟踪pȝ</a> <li><a target=_blank>ScrewTurn Wiki - ASP.NETl基引擎</a> <li><a target=_blank>RssBandit - 功能很强的Rss阅读?/a> <li><a target=_blank>SubText - 个h博客q_</a> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong><font size=3>.NET开源项?/font></strong></p> <p><strong>SharpDevelop</strong><br>强大的插件系l,通过Addin构徏成一个功能齐全的.net开发IDE。核?j)是AddInTree。跟随这个项目开发许多有用的lgQ比如功能文本编辑器QICSharpCode.TextEditorQ,SharpZipLib{?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.icsharpcode.net/</a><br><br><br><br><strong>DotNetNuke</strong><br>q个是著名DNNQ用VB.NETq行开发。通过其基本架构可q行堆积木式快速徏站。而且支持子网站系l。其由asp.net Portal start kitq化而来?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.dnnchina.net/</a> Q?a target=_blank>http://www.dotnetnuke.com</a><br><br><br><br><strong>Community Server<br></strong>q个也是一个很著名的ASP.NET目Q记得好像最早系l原形ؓ(f)asp.net ForumsQ后来加入了(jin).Text Blog 和nGallery成ؓ(f)一个完整的通用pȝ。对应的中文版本为宝玉修改的CCS?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://communityserver.org/</a><br><br><br><strong>Rainbow</strong><br>另外一个类gDNN的系l,使用C#q行开发?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.rainbowportal.net/</a><br><br><br><br><strong>RssBandit</strong><br>一个客L(fng)的RSS查看器,使用C# q行开发,最大的特点是数据存储采用xml文g?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.rssbandit.org/</a><br><br><br><br><strong>FreeTextbox</strong><br>Web上的一个Html文本编辑器Q早些版本是开源的Q现在还是免费用,不过源代码需要购买?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.freetextbox.com</a><br><br><br><br><strong>World Wind</strong><br>使用.NET开发的一个WindowsH体pȝQ以地球外观看得角度提供全球定位功能Q类gGoogle Earth?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov</a><br><br><br><br><strong>log4net</strong><br>对应Java中的log4j。一个强大的日志理模块?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://logging.apache.org/log4net/</a><br><br><br><br><strong>Monodevelop</strong><br>非Windows pȝ下的.net q_开发工兗?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.monodevelop.com</a><br><br><br><br><strong>Paint.NET</strong><br>使用.net开发的d软gQ功能不错?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.getpaint.net/index.html</a><br><br><br><br><strong>Nunit</strong><br>对应Java中的JunitQ非常著名的单元试工具?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.nunit.org/</a><br><br><br><br><strong>FCKeditor</strong><br>Web上的又一个Html文本编辑器?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.fckeditor.net/</a><br><br><br><br><strong>Nlog</strong><br>一个日志管理库Q类gLog4Net?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.nlog-project.org/</a><br><br><br><br><strong>ManagedSpy</strong><br>.net q_下的Spy ++Q支持通过.net 2.0开的Windows Forms应用E序?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/06/04/ManagedSpy/</a><br><br><br><br><strong>Guidance Explore</strong><br>cM于一?netq_~程问题{的FAQ。不q提供的都是英文?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.codeplex.com/Wiki/View.aspx?ProjectName=guidanceExplorer</a><br><br><br><br><strong>Terrarium</strong><br>一?net开发的多h游戏。玩q个游戏可以提高~程能力?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.windowsforms.net/Default.aspx?tabindex=4&tabid=49</a><br><br><br><br><strong>TaskVision</strong><br>d理pȝQ一个经典的Smart Client客户端程序?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.windowsforms.net/Default.aspx?tabindex=4&tabid=49</a><br><br><br><br><strong>IssueVision</strong><br>事务理pȝQSmart Client客户端程序?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.windowsforms.net/Default.aspx?tabindex=4&tabid=49</a><br><br><br><br><strong>FotoVision</strong><br>又一个值得学习(fn)?net开发的Windows应用E序?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.windowsforms.net/Default.aspx?tabindex=4&tabid=49</a><br><br><br><br><strong>Infragistics Tracker Application</strong><br>由Infragistics开发的Smart Client客户端程序?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.windowsforms.net/Default.aspx?tabindex=4&tabid=49</a><br><br><br><br><strong>Windows Forms RSS Portal</strong><br>一?net 开发的聚合器?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.windowsforms.net/Default.aspx?tabindex=4&tabid=49</a><br><br><br><br><strong>Enterprise Library</strong><br>微Y的企业库Q对原早些时候开发的一些Block 模块q行整合提供企业l一的接口,新版本用了(jin).net 2.0的的许多功能?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://msdn.microsoft.com/practices/</a><br><br><br><br><strong>PetShop</strong><br>ZN-tier设计的电(sh)子商务网站,没什么好说的?jin)?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnbda/html/bdasamppet4.asp</a><br><br><br><br><strong>XmlNotepad</strong><br>一个用.net 开发的xml文g~辑器?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.microsoft.com/china/msdn/library/data/xml/xmlnotepad.mspx</a><br><br><br><br><strong>DockManager Control</strong><br>一个很不错的实现类gVS 2005的界面某些功能的lg?br>链接Q?a target=_blank>http://www.codeproject.com/vb/net/DockPanelSkin.asp</a><br><br><br><br><strong>Starter Kits for Visual Web Developer</strong><br>该套件ؓ(f)学习(fn)研究应用asp.net2.0的开发h员提供许多宝贵资源,很不错?br></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>  <br><br> <p id=TBPingURL>Trackback: http://tb.blog.csdn.net/TrackBack.aspx?PostId=1716637</p> <br> <div id="emygq8c" class=postFoot> <script src="http://localhost:82/PromoteIcon.aspx?id=1716637"></script> [<a title=功能强大的网l收藏夹Q一U钟操作可以轻村֮C存带来的价倹{分享带来的快乐 href="javascript:d=document;t=d.selection?(d.selection.type!='None'?d.selection.createRange().text:''):(d.getSelection?d.getSelection():'');void(saveit=window.open('http://wz.csdn.net/storeit.aspx?t='+escape(d.title)+'&u='+escape(d.location.href)+'&c='+escape(t),'keyit','scrollbars=no,width=590,height=300,left=75,top=20,status=no,resizable=yes'));saveit.focus();">收藏到我的网?/a>]   [<a >发送Trackback]</a>  爱汤发表?2007q?7?0?13:26:00 </div> <link rel=pingback><!--<rdf:rdf xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/"><rdf:descriptionrdf:about="http://blog.csdn.net/xray2005/archive/2007/07/30/1716637.aspx"dc:identifier="http://blog.csdn.net/xray2005/archive/2007/07/30/1716637.aspx"dc:title=".net开发资源站点和部分优秀.net开源项?"trackback:ping="http://tb.blog.csdn.net/TrackBack.aspx?PostId=1716637" /></rdf:rdf>--> <script>function hide(){showComment();}</script> <br> <img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/aggbug/33625.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/" target="_blank">Legend</a> 2007-10-06 17:09 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/06/33625.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>ICE源码研究http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/06/33624.htmlLegendLegendSat, 06 Oct 2007 09:04:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/06/33624.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/33624.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/archive/2007/10/06/33624.html#Feedback1http://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/comments/commentRss/33624.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/cuglij/services/trackbacks/33624.htmlICE 3.2发布?jin)?/p>

http://www.zeroc.com/forums/announcements/3019-ice-3-2-released.html

使用C++开发分布式应用QICE是个非常不错的^台。而基于ICE的协议,其分布式通信架构实际支持?jin)多U语a和多U^収ͼ包括C++QJAVAQC#,VB.NET{等?/p>

据称国内有些公司开发的|管软gQ或桌面理软gQ都在采用ICE内核?/p>

同样的,使用C#实现的ICE也是非常好的~程学习(fn)资料Q我整理?jin)一下C#源码Q之能够在VS2005中编译生成?/p>

通过查看ICE的C#源码Q发现其很多地方的代码还是有很多优化的可能的Q看来ZeroCq没有在.NET上投入太多的_֊QC#的实现ƈ无C++的实现那么优雅。站?NET巨h的肩膀上,ICE?NET实现q比C++实现所用的代码量要的多?/p>

但是QICE?.NET实现中,对Socket通信的封装非帔R效,大家如果在用Socket通信Q不妨借鉴q不妨代码,当然Q我也尝试对q部分代码重写,使之使用.NET 2.0的最新APIQƈ支持IPv6{等Ҏ(gu)?/p>

下面的链接是ICE for VS 2005 源码目的下载地址Q?/p>

ICE 3.2.1 for VS 2005 源码目

希望能和x(chng)ICE的朋友一L(fng)IӞ交流?j)得?/p>

Legend 2007-10-06 17:04 发表评论
]]>
˾þþƷ| þþžžþƷֱ| þþƷƷƷ| þùƷ| ޹ƷþSM| ձɫۺϾþӰԺ| ݺɫþۺ_| AVҰ¾þ| þۺƵվ| þþþþ޾Ʒ| þ99һ| þù߳׽ѹۿ| þۺɫHEZYO| ˾þۺ| ˾ƷۺϾþþ| þþþ18| þùɫAVѿ| ɫʹþۺ| þþþAV| Ʒþþþ㽶| 97Ʒ˾þþô߽| þþƷ7777| ޹Ʒþþþ| þþƷһWWW| þAVվ| ŷۺҹҹþ| Ʒþþþ9999| ɫ͵͵͵þ˴ý| ŷ˼Ծþ| ˾þ| þ Ʒ| ƷһþþƷɬ| þþƷ5555| þۺϾɫۺϾ99| þþþþþþþѾƷ| þþƷƷ| һһþþƷۺ| һaƬþëƬ16| þøһëƬ| þۺϾþ| Ļav鲻þ|