/etc/inittab 鏂囦歡鎺у埗鐫鍒濆鍖栬繃紼嬨?/font>
/etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓?init 鍛戒護鎻愪緵鑴氭湰浣滀負涓涓櫘閫氳繘紼嬭皟搴︾▼搴忋傛瀯鎴?init 鍛戒護榪涚▼璋冨害媧誨姩鐨勪富瑕侊紙澶氭暟錛夎繘紼嬫槸 /etc/getty 綰胯繘紼嬶紙line process錛夛紝鍙戣搗錛堝惎鍔級涓撶敤綰胯繘紼嬨傝 init 鍛戒護鐗瑰埆璋冨害鐨勫叾浠栬繘紼嬩負鍚庡彴榪涚▼錛圖aemon錛夊拰shell銆?/font>
/etc/inittab 鏂囦歡鐢?浣嶇疆鐩稿叧錛籶osition-dependent 錛界殑鏉$洰緇勬垚錛屾牸寮忓涓嬶細
Identifier:RunLevel:Action:Command
姣忎竴涓潯鐩兘琚竴涓崲琛屽瓧絎﹀垎闅斻備竴涓崲琛屽瓧絎﹀墠闈竴涓弽鏂滄潬 (\) 琛ㄧず涓涓潯鐩殑寤剁畫銆?etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓殑鏉$洰鏁扮洰娌℃湁闄愬埗錛堣屼笉鏄寚鏉$洰鐨勬渶澶ч暱搴︼級銆傛潯鐩殑鏈澶ч暱搴︽槸 1024 涓瓧絎︺?/font>
鏉$洰瀛楁鏈夛細
Identifier錛?鏍囪瘑鍞竴瀵硅薄鐨勪竴涓?1-4 浣嶅瓧絎︾殑瀛楁銆?br>RunLevel錛?璇ユ潯鐩繍琛岀殑綰у埆銆?br>榪愯綰у埆鏈変笅鍒楀睘鎬э細
- 榪愯綰у埆鏈夋晥鍦扮鍚堢郴緇熻繘紼嬬殑閰嶇疆銆?br> - 鐢?init 鍛戒護鍚姩鐨勬瘡涓涓繘紼嬮兘琚垎閰嶄竴涓垨澶氫釜璇ヨ繘紼嬪彲瀛樺湪浜庝箣鐨勮繍琛岀駭鍒?br> - 榪愯綰у埆鐢?0-9 鐨勬暟瀛楁潵琛ㄧず銆備緥濡傦紝濡傛灉緋葷粺榪愯浜庣駭鍒?1錛屽彧鏈夊湪榪愯綰у埆瀛楁鏈?1 鐨勯偅浜涙潯鐩鍚姩銆?br> - 璇鋒眰 init 鍛戒護鏀瑰彉榪愯綰у埆鏃訛紝鏉$洰涓繍琛岀駭鍒瓧孌典笌鐩爣榪愯綰у埆涓嶅尮閰嶇殑鎵鏈夎繘紼嬮兘浼氭敹鍒頒竴鏉¤鍛婁俊鍙?(SIGTERM)錛屽湪榪涚▼琚垹闄ょ鍙鳳薊kill signal (SIGKILL)錛藉己琛岀粓姝㈠墠錛屾湁20縐掔殑瀹介檺鏈熴?br> - 榪愯綰у埆瀛楁鍙負涓涓繘紼嬪畾涔夊涓繍琛岀駭鍒紝鍙互0-9鐨勪換鎰忕粍鍚堛傚鏋滄病鏈夋寚瀹氳繍琛岀駭鍒紝榪涚▼鍋囧畾鍦ㄦ墍鏈夌殑榪愯綰у埆鏈夋晥銆?br> - 榪樻湁鍏朵粬鍥涗釜鍊間細鍑虹幇鍦ㄨ繍琛岀駭鍒瓧孌碉紝鍗充嬌浠栦滑騫朵笉鏄湡姝g殑榪愯綰у埆錛歛, b, c 鍜?h銆傚湪榪愯綰у埆瀛楁鏈夎繖浜涘瓧絎︾殑鏉$洰浠呬粎鍦╰elinit 鍛戒護璇鋒眰鏃舵墠榪愯錛堜笌褰撳墠鐨勭郴緇熻繍琛岀駭鍒棤鍏籌級銆備粬浠笉鍚屼簬init鍛戒護鐨勮繍琛岀駭鍒紝init鍛戒護姘歌繙涓嶈兘榪涘叆a, b, c, h 榪愯綰у埆銆傚茍涓旓紝鎵鏈夎繖浜涜繘紼嬬殑榪愯璇鋒眰閮戒笉鏀瑰彉褰撳墠鐨勮繍琛岀駭鍒傛澶栵紝init 鍛戒護鏀瑰彉綰у埆鏃訛紝鐢盿, b, c 鍛戒護鍚姩鐨勮繘紼嬪茍涓嶆柇寮錛坘illed錛夈傚彧鏈夊綋 /etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓粬浠殑琛屽湪action瀛楁鏍囪涓?off錛屼粬浠殑琛屼粠 /etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓畬鍏ㄥ垹闄わ紝鎴栬卛nit 鍛戒護榪涘叆鍗曠敤鎴鋒ā寮忥紝榪欎簺榪涚▼鎵嶄細琚腑鏂紙killed錛夈?br>Action: 鍛婄煡 init 鍛戒護濡備綍澶勭悊鍦?process 瀛楁鎸囧畾鐨勮繘紼嬨俰nit 鍛戒護鍙瘑鍒殑 actions 濡備笅錛?br> respawn錛?濡傛灉榪涚▼涓嶅瓨鍦紝鍒欏惎鍔ㄨ繘紼嬨傚嵈涓嶇瓑寰呰繘紼嬬粓姝紙緇х畫鎵弿 /etc/inittab 鏂囦歡錛夈傚榪涚▼姝繪帀錛屽垯閲嶅惎璇ヨ繘紼嬨傚榪涚▼瀛樺湪錛岀戶緇壂鎻?/etc/inittab 鏂囦歡銆?br> wait錛?褰?init 鍛戒護榪涘叆鍖歸厤鏌愭潯鐩殑榪愯綰у埆鏃訛紝鍚姩璇ヨ繘紼嬪茍絳夊緟璇ヨ繘紼嬬殑緇堟銆傚綋init鍛戒護澶勪簬鍚屾牱鐨勮繍琛岀駭鍒椂錛屾墍鏈夊 /etc/inittab 鏂囦歡闅忓悗鐨勮鍙栭兘浼氬鑷?init 鍛戒護蹇界暐璇ユ潯鐩?br> once錛?褰?init 鍛戒護榪涘叆鍖歸厤鏌愭潯鐩殑榪愯綰у埆鏃訛紝鍚姩璇ヨ繘紼嬶紝騫朵笖涓嶇瓑寰呯粓姝€傚綋榪涚▼姝繪帀鏃訛紝涔熶笉閲嶅惎璇ヨ繘紼嬨傚綋緋葷粺榪涘叆涓涓柊鐨勮繍琛岀駭鍒椂錛岃榪涚▼浠嶇劧浠庝箣鍓嶈繍琛岀駭鍒殑鍙樺寲榪愯錛岀▼搴忎篃涓嶉噸鍚?br> boot錛?鍙湪緋葷粺寮曞榪囩▼涓繍琛岀殑鏉$洰錛岃繖浜涜繘紼嬫槸緋葷粺鍚姩榪囩▼涓紝init 鍛戒護浠?/etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓鍙栫殑銆傚惎鍔ㄨ榪涚▼錛屼笉絳夊緟榪涚▼緇堟錛屽茍涓旇繘紼嬫鎺夋椂錛屼篃涓嶉噸鍚繘紼嬨傛湁鎰忎箟鐨勬寚瀵間緷嬈′負錛岃繍琛岀駭鍒簲涓洪粯璁わ紝鎴栬呭繀欏諱笌緋葷粺寮曞鏃?init 鍛戒護鐨勮繍琛岀駭鍒尮閰嶃傛 action 瀵逛簬緋葷粺紜歡閲嶅惎鍚庣殑鍒濆鍖栧姛鑳介潪甯告湁鐢ㄣ?br> bootwait錛?緋葷粺寮曞鍚庯紝init 鍛戒護浠庡崟鐢ㄦ埛鍒板鐢ㄦ埛鐘舵侊紝絎竴嬈¤繍琛岀殑鏉$洰銆傚惎鍔ㄨ榪涚▼錛屽茍絳夊叾緇堟錛岃繘紼嬫鏃訛紝涓嶉噸鍚榪涚▼銆傚鏋?initdefault涓?2 錛屽垯緋葷粺寮曞鍚庣洿鎺ヨ繍琛岃榪涚▼銆?br> powerfail錛?鍙湁褰?init 鍛戒護鏀跺埌涓涓數婧愭晠闅滀俊鍙?SIGPWR)鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鎵嶆墽琛屼笌姝ゆ潯鐩浉鍏崇殑榪涚▼銆?br> powerwait錛?鍙湁褰?init 鍛戒護鏀跺埌涓涓數婧愭晠闅滀俊鍙?SIGPWR)鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鎵嶆墽琛屼笌姝ゆ潯鐩浉鍏崇殑榪涚▼銆傚茍絳夎榪涚▼緇堟錛屾墠緇х畫澶勭悊 /etc/inittab 鏂囦歡銆?br> off錛?濡傛灉涓庤鏉$洰鐩稿叧鐨勮繘紼嬪綋鍓嶆鍦ㄨ繍琛岋紝鍙戦佷竴涓鍛婁俊鍙?SIGTERM)錛岀劧鍚庣瓑寰?20 縐掓墠鐢?kill 淇″彿錛圫IGKILL錛夌粓姝㈣榪涚▼銆傚鏋滆繘紼嬩笉鍦ㄨ繍琛岋紝蹇界暐璇ユ潯鐩?br> ondemand錛?鍔熻兘涓婁笌 respawn 鐩稿悓錛屼笉榪囷紝姝?action 搴旂敤 a, b, 鎴?c 鍊鹼紝鑰屼笉鐢ㄨ繍琛岀駭鍒?br> initdefault錛?init 鍛戒護鍙湪 鏈鍒濊皟鐢ㄦ椂鎵嶆壂鎻忎笌姝?action 鐩稿叧鐨勬潯鐩傚鏋滃瓨鍦紝init 鍛戒護浣跨敤璇ユ潯鐩潵鍐沖畾鍒濆榪涘叆鐨勮繍琛岀駭鍒備竴鑸儏鍐典笅錛屼嬌鐢╮un-level 瀛楁涓寚瀹氱殑鏈楂樿繍琛岀駭鍒潵浣滀負鍒濆鐘舵併傚鏋滆繍琛岀駭鍒瓧孌典負絀猴紝鍒欒浣?123456789錛涘洜姝わ紝init 鍛戒護榪涘叆榪愯綰у埆 9 銆傚彟澶栵紝濡傛灉 init 鍛戒護鍦?/etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓壘涓嶅埌initdefault 鏉$洰錛屽垯鍦ㄥ紩瀵兼椂鍚戠敤鎴瘋姹備竴涓垵濮嬬殑榪愯綰у埆銆?br> sysinit錛?姝ょ被鍨嬬殑鏉$洰鍦ㄧ櫥褰曞墠 init 鍛戒護姝h璁塊棶鎺у埗鍙頒箣鍓嶈鎵ц銆傝鏉$洰鍙鐢ㄦ潵鍒濆鍖栬澶囷紝init 鍛戒護鍙兘浼氶拡瀵硅繖浜涜澶囪闂繍琛岀駭鍒傝繖浜涙潯鐩鎵ц錛屽茍絳夊緟瀹屾垚鍚庢墠緇х畫銆?/font>
Command錛?鍙墽琛岀殑澹籌紙shell錛夊懡浠ゃ傛暣涓?command 瀛楁浠?exec 涓哄墠緙錛屽茍浼犵粰涓涓?forked sh鎴愪負 sh -c exec 鍛戒護銆備換浣曞悎娉曠殑 sh 鍛戒護璇硶閮藉彲鍑虹幇鍦ㄨ瀛楁銆傚茍鍙敤 # 鎻掑叆娉ㄩ噴銆?/font>
getty 鍛戒護瑕嗗啓 /etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓嚭鐜板湪瀹冧箣鍓嶆墍鏈夊懡浠ょ殑杈撳嚭銆傝鍦ㄥ紩瀵兼棩蹇椾腑璁板綍榪欎簺鍛戒護鐨勮緭鍑猴紝鍙緭閫佽繖浜涜緭鍑哄埌 alog -tboot 鍛戒護銆?/font>
褰?init 鍛戒護姝e湪澶勭悊 inittab 鏉$洰鏃訛紝stdin, stdout, 鍜?stderr 榪欎簺鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎︼紙file descriptors錛夊彲鑳芥槸涓嶅彲鐢ㄧ殑銆傛墍鏈夊啓鍏?stdout 鎴?stderr 鐨勬潯鐩笉璧蜂綔鐢紝闄ら潪鎶婅緭鍑洪噸瀹氬悜鍒頒竴涓枃浠舵垨鑰呭埌 /dev/console銆?/font>
涓嬪垪鍛戒護鏄敮涓鏀寔鍦?/etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓慨鏀硅褰曠殑鏂規硶錛?br>mkitab錛?鎶婅褰曟坊鍔犲埌 /etc/inittab 鏂囦歡銆?br>lsitab錛?鍒楀嚭 /etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓殑璁板綍銆?br>chitab錛?淇敼 /etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓殑璁板綍銆?br>rmitab錛?浠?/etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓垹闄よ褰曘?/font>
渚嬪錛屾兂鍦?/etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓坊鍔犱竴鏉¤褰曪紝浠ヨ繍琛岀駭鍒?錛坮un level 2錛夎繍琛?find 鍛戒護騫朵嬌涔嬩竴鏃﹀畬鎴愬氨鍐嶆鍚姩銆?br>1. 榪愯 ps 鍛戒護錛屽彧鏄劇ず鍖呭惈 find 鐨勮繘紼嬶細
# ps -ef | grep find
root 19750 13964 0 10:47:23 pts/0 0:00 grep find
#
2. 浣跨敤 mkitab 鍛戒護錛屽湪 /etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓坊鍔犱竴涓悕涓?xcmd 鐨勮褰曪細
# mkitab "xcmd:2:respawn:find / -type f > /dev/null 2>&1"
3. 浣跨敤 lsitab 鍛戒護鏄劇ず鏂拌褰曪細
# lsitab xcmd
xcmd:2:respawn:find / -type f > /dev/null 2>&1
#
4. 鏌ョ湅榪涚▼錛?br># ps -ef | grep find
root 25462 1 6 10:56:58 - 0:00 find / -type f
root 28002 13964 0 10:57:00 pts/0 0:00 grep find
#
5. 鍙栨秷 find 鍛戒護榪涚▼錛?br># kill 25462
6. 鏌ョ湅榪涚▼錛?br># ps -ef | grep find
root 23538 13964 0 10:58:24 pts/0 0:00 grep find
root 28966 1 4 10:58:21 - 0:00 find / -type f
#
鏈緥涓紝鐢變簬 action 瀛楁琚厤緗?respawn錛屾晠鑰屾瘡涓嬈¤鍛戒護涓瀹屾垚錛屼竴涓柊榪涚▼灝變細鍚姩銆?/font>
璇ヨ繘紼嬪皢緇х畫鍐嶇敓 錛坮e-spawning錛夛紝闄ら潪淇敼 action 瀛楁錛屼緥濡傦細
1. 鎶婅褰?xcmd 鐨?action 瀛楁鐢?respawn 淇敼涓?once錛?br># chitab "xcmd:2:once:find / -type f > /dev/null 2>&1"
2. 鏌ョ湅榪涚▼錛?br># ps -ef | grep find
root 20378 13964 0 11:07:20 pts/0 0:00 grep find
root 28970 1 4 11:05:46 - 0:03 find / -type f
3. 鍙栨秷 find 鍛戒護榪涚▼錛?br># kill 28970
4. 鏌ョ湅榪涚▼錛?br># ps -ef | grep find
root 28972 13964 0 11:07:33 pts/0 0:00 grep find
#
瑕佷粠 /etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓垹闄よ璁板綍錛屽彲浣跨敤 rmitab 鍛戒護銆備緥濡傦細
# rmitab xcmd
# lsitab xcmd
#
/etc/inittab 鏉$洰鐨勬搴?/font>
/etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓殑鍩烘湰榪涚▼鏉$洰嬈″簭瀹夎濡備笅錛?br>1. initdefault
2. sysinit
3. Powerfailure Detection (powerfail)
4. Multiuser check (rc)
5. /etc/firstboot (fbcheck)
6. System Resource Controller (srcmstr)
7. Start TCP/IP daemons (rctcpip)
8. Start NFS daemons (rcnfs)
9. cron
10.pb cleanup (piobe)
11.getty for the console (cons)
緋葷粺璧勬簮鎺у埗鍣?(SRC)蹇呴』鍦?/etc/inittab 鏂囦歡鐨勫紑澶撮檮榪戝氨琚惎鍔紝鍥犱負鍚姩鍏朵粬鐨勮繘紼嬮渶瑕丼RC榪涚▼錛圖aemon錛夈?br>鐢變簬NFS闇瑕乀CP/IP榪涚▼錛圖aemon錛夋墠鑳芥甯歌繍琛岋紝鎵浠CP/IP榪涚▼蹇呴』鍦∟FS榪涚▼涔嬪墠琚惎鍔ㄣ?br>/etc/inittab 鏂囦歡涓殑鏉$洰鎸夌浉浜掍緷璧栨ф帓搴忥紝灝辨槸璇達紝濡傛灉涓涓繘紼嬶紙process2錛夐渶瑕佸彟澶栦竴涓繘紼嬶紙process1錛夊瓨鍦ㄦ墠鑳芥甯歌繍琛岋紝閭d箞鍦?/etc/inittab鏂囦歡涓紝process1鐨勬潯鐩簲璇ュ湪process2鐨勬潯鐩箣鍓嶃?/font>

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