锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>国产精品地址,国产免费一区二区三区香蕉精,亚洲欧美日韩一区二区在线 http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/category/7815.htmlzh-cnMon, 03 Sep 2012 09:41:22 GMTMon, 03 Sep 2012 09:41:22 GMT60ubuntu璁劇疆闈欐乮phttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2012/09/02/189133.htmlchatlerchatlerSun, 02 Sep 2012 05:52:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2012/09/02/189133.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/189133.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2012/09/02/189133.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/189133.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/189133.html
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address ip
gateway default gateway
netmask default netmask

chatler 2012-09-02 13:52 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
wget榪涜鏁寸珯涓嬭澆<杞?gt;http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2011/08/21/154002.htmlchatlerchatlerSun, 21 Aug 2011 01:56:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2011/08/21/154002.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/154002.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2011/08/21/154002.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/154002.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/154002.htmlhttp://blog.chinaunix.net/space.php?uid=9950859&do=blog&id=2105109


get -r -p -np -k http://xxx.com/abc/

-r,  --recursive錛堥掑綊錛?nbsp;         
      specify recursive download.錛堟寚瀹氶掑綊涓嬭澆錛?br />
-k,  --convert-links錛堣漿鎹㈤摼鎺ワ級      
      make links in downloaded HTML point to local files.錛堝皢涓嬭澆鐨凥TML欏甸潰涓殑閾炬帴杞崲涓虹浉瀵歸摼鎺ュ嵆鏈湴閾炬帴錛?br style="padding-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; font-family: 瀹嬩綋; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" />
-p,  --page-requisites錛堥〉闈㈠繀闇鍏冪礌錛?nbsp;   
      get all images, etc. needed to display HTML page.錛堜笅杞芥墍鏈夌殑鍥劇墖絳夐〉闈㈡樉紺烘墍闇鐨勫唴瀹癸級

-np, --no-parent錛堜笉榪芥函鑷崇埗綰э級          
      don't ascend to the parent directory.

鍙﹀鏂偣緇紶鐢?nc鍙傛暟 鏃ュ織 鐢?o鍙傛暟


chatler 2011-08-21 09:56 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
閫氳繃璇佷功鏂瑰紡瀹炵幇ssh鐨勬棤瀵嗙爜鐧婚檰<杞?gt;http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2011/08/11/153065.htmlchatlerchatlerThu, 11 Aug 2011 08:58:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2011/08/11/153065.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/153065.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2011/08/11/153065.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/153065.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/153065.html

鐩稿叧鏂囩珷寰堝錛屽ぇ鍚屽皬寮傦紝鏈枃鍙槸涓轟簡鎸夌収閭d簺鏂囩珷閰嶇疆錛屼絾鏄繕鏄渶瑕佽緭鍏ュ瘑鐮佺殑鎯呭喌鍐欑殑銆?/div>
鍏抽敭瀛楋細SSH璇佷功鏂瑰紡鐧婚檰渚濈劧闇瑕佽緭鍏ュ瘑鐮?/div>
涓ゅ彴linux鏈哄櫒錛欰 B
閮藉凡緇忓畨瑁呬笂OpenSSH,A涓婇氳繃ssh-keygen鐢熸垚涓瀵瑰瘑閽ワ紝
鍏挜閫氳繃浠繪剰鏂瑰紡鏀懼埌B鐨剘/.ssh/authorized_keys鏂囦歡閲岄潰銆?/div>
.ssh鐩綍鏉冮檺755錛宎uthorized_keys鏉冮檺600銆?/div>
榪欐椂鍊欏湪A涓婂彲浠ラ氳繃涓嶇敤杈撳叆瀵嗙爜鐩存帴ssh B浜嗐?/div>
娉ㄦ剰錛氬緢澶氭枃绔犺鏄痑uthorized_keys鐨勬潈闄?44錛屽綋浣?44鐨勬椂鍊欏彲鑳界櫥闄嗙殑鏃跺欒繕浼氳浣犺緭鍏ュ瘑鐮侊紝浣嗘槸涓鏃︽敼鎴?00浠ュ悗騫朵笖鎴愬姛鐧婚檰錛岃繖鏃跺欏啀鏀規垚644錛屾闂涓嶅啀鍑虹幇銆?/div>
琚繖涓棶棰樻姌鑵句簡灝嗚繎涓涓槦鏈燂紝閮侀椃鏄毦鍏嶇殑浜嗭紝鐢氳嚦鑷繁鍐欎簡紼嬪簭浠f浛slogin scp絳夊懡浠わ紝鏈緇堣繕鏄厤緗垚鍔熶簡銆?/div>


from:
http://blog.chinaunix.net/space.php?uid=233938&do=blog&cuid=211941



chatler 2011-08-11 16:58 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>Aix涓嬫煡鐪嬪崰鐢ㄧ鍙g殑榪涚▼http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/12/06/135571.htmlchatlerchatlerMon, 06 Dec 2010 04:08:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/12/06/135571.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/135571.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/12/06/135571.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/135571.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/135571.htmlIssue the command: 
rmsock `netstat -Aan | grep port | awk '{print $1}'` tcpcp

be sure to utilize the root previledge



chatler 2010-12-06 12:08 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
鐞嗚ВLinux閰嶇疆鏂囦歡 http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/11/14/133601.htmlchatlerchatlerSun, 14 Nov 2010 11:22:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/11/14/133601.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/133601.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/11/14/133601.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/133601.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/133601.html鏈枃璇存槑浜?Linux 緋葷粺鐨勯厤緗枃浠訛紝鍦ㄥ鐢ㄦ埛銆佸浠誨姟鐜涓紝閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鎺у埗鐢ㄦ埛鏉冮檺銆佺郴緇熷簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忋佸畧鎶よ繘紼嬨佹湇鍔″拰鍏跺畠綆$悊浠誨姟銆傝繖浜涗換鍔″寘鎷鐞嗙敤鎴峰笎鍙楓佸垎閰嶇鐩橀厤棰濄佺鐞嗙數瀛愰偖浠跺拰鏂伴椈緇勶紝浠ュ強閰嶇疆鍐呮牳鍙傛暟銆傛湰鏂囪繕鏍規嵁閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鐨勪嬌鐢ㄥ拰鍏舵墍褰卞搷鐨勬湇鍔$殑鎯呭喌瀵圭洰鍓?Red Hat Linux 緋葷粺涓殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡榪涜浜嗗垎綾匯? 浠嬬粛 姣忎釜 Linux 紼嬪簭閮芥槸涓涓彲鎵ц鏂囦歡錛屽畠鍚湁鎿嶄綔鐮佸垪琛紝CPU 灝嗘墽琛岃繖浜涙搷浣滅爜鏉ュ畬鎴愮壒瀹氱殑鎿嶄綔銆備緥濡傦紝ls 鍛戒護鏄敱 /bin/ls 鏂囦歡鎻愪緵鐨勶紝璇ユ枃浠跺惈鏈夋満鍣ㄦ寚浠ょ殑鍒楄〃錛屽湪灞忓箷涓婃樉紺哄綋鍓嶇洰褰曚腑鏂囦歡鐨勫垪琛ㄦ椂闇瑕佷嬌鐢ㄨ繖浜涙満鍣ㄦ寚浠ゃ傚嚑涔庢瘡涓▼搴忕殑琛屼負閮藉彲浠ラ氳繃淇敼鍏墮厤緗枃浠舵潵鎸夌収鎮ㄧ殑鍋忓ソ鎴栭渶瑕佸幓瀹氬埗銆? Linux 涓湁娌℃湁涓涓爣鍑嗙殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏍煎紡錛? 涓鍙ヨ瘽錛屾病鏈夈備笉鐔熸倝 Linux 鐨勭敤鎴鳳紙涓瀹氾級浼氭劅鍒版伯涓э紝鍥犱負姣忎釜閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鐪嬭搗鏉ラ兘璞℃槸涓涓榪庢帴鐨勬柊鎸戞垬銆傚湪 Linux 涓紝姣忎釜紼嬪簭鍛橀兘鍙互鑷敱閫夋嫨浠栨垨濂瑰枩嬈㈢殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏍煎紡銆傚彲浠ラ夋嫨鐨勬牸寮忓緢澶氾紝浠?/etc/shells 鏂囦歡錛堝畠鍖呭惈琚竴涓崲琛岀鍒嗗紑鐨?shell 鐨勫垪琛級錛屽埌 Apache 鐨勫鏉傜殑 /etc/httpd.conf 鏂囦歡銆? 浠涔堟槸緋葷粺閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛? 鍐呮牳鏈韓涔熷彲浠ョ湅鎴愭槸涓涓?#8220;紼嬪簭”銆備負浠涔堝唴鏍擱渶瑕侀厤緗枃浠訛紵鍐呮牳闇瑕佷簡瑙g郴緇熶腑鐢ㄦ埛鍜岀粍鐨勫垪琛紝榪涜岀鐞嗘枃浠舵潈闄愶紙鍗蟲牴鎹潈闄愬垽瀹氱壒瀹氱敤鎴鳳紙UNIX_USERS錛夋槸鍚﹀彲浠ユ墦寮鏌愪釜鏂囦歡錛夈傛敞鎰忥紝榪欎簺鏂囦歡涓嶆槸鏄庣‘鍦扮敱紼嬪簭璇誨彇鐨勶紝鑰屾槸鐢辯郴緇熷簱鎵鎻愪緵鐨勪竴涓嚱鏁拌鍙栵紝騫惰鍐呮牳浣跨敤銆備緥濡傦紝紼嬪簭闇瑕佹煇涓敤鎴風殑錛堝姞瀵嗚繃鐨勶級瀵嗙爜鏃朵笉搴旇鎵撳紑 /etc/passwd 鏂囦歡銆傜浉鍙嶏紝紼嬪簭搴旇璋冪敤緋葷粺搴撶殑 getpw() 鍑芥暟銆傝繖縐嶅嚱鏁頒篃琚О涓虹郴緇熻皟鐢ㄣ傛墦寮 /etc/passwd 鏂囦歡鍜屼箣鍚庢煡鎵鵑偅涓璇鋒眰鐨勭敤鎴風殑瀵嗙爜閮芥槸鐢卞唴鏍革紙閫氳繃緋葷粺搴擄級鍐沖畾鐨勩? 闄ら潪鍙﹁鎸囧畾錛孯ed Hat Linux 緋葷粺涓ぇ澶氭暟閰嶇疆鏂囦歡閮藉湪 /etc 鐩綍涓傞厤緗枃浠跺彲浠ュぇ鑷村垎涓轟笅闈㈠嚑綾伙細 璁塊棶鏂囦歡 /etc/host.conf 鍛婅瘔緗戠粶鍩熷悕鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ浣曟煡鎵句富鏈哄悕銆傦紙閫氬父鏄?/etc/hosts錛岀劧鍚庡氨鏄悕縐版湇鍔″櫒錛涘彲閫氳繃 netconf 瀵瑰叾榪涜鏇存敼錛? /etc/hosts 鍖呭惈錛堟湰鍦扮綉緇滀腑錛夊凡鐭ヤ富鏈虹殑涓涓垪琛ㄣ傚鏋滅郴緇熺殑 IP 涓嶆槸鍔ㄦ佺敓鎴愶紝灝卞彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄥ畠銆傚浜庣畝鍗曠殑涓繪満鍚嶈В鏋愶紙鐐瑰垎琛ㄧず娉曪級錛屽湪璇鋒眰 DNS 鎴?NIS 緗戠粶鍚嶇О鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ箣鍓嶏紝/etc/hosts.conf 閫氬父浼氬憡璇夎В鏋愮▼搴忓厛鏌ョ湅榪欓噷銆? /etc/hosts.allow 璇峰弬闃?hosts_access 鐨勮仈鏈哄府鍔╅〉銆傝嚦灝戠敱 tcpd 璇誨彇銆? /etc/hosts.deny 璇峰弬闃?hosts_access 鐨勮仈鏈哄府鍔╅〉銆傝嚦灝戠敱 tcpd 璇誨彇銆? 寮曞鍜岀櫥褰曪紡娉ㄩ攢 /etc/issue & /etc/issue.net 榪欎簺鏂囦歡鐢?mingetty錛堝拰綾諱技鐨勭▼搴忥級璇誨彇錛岀敤鏉ュ悜浠庣粓绔紙issue錛夋垨閫氳繃 telnet 浼氳瘽錛坕ssue.net錛夎繛鎺ョ殑鐢ㄦ埛鏄劇ず涓涓?#8220;welcome”瀛楃涓層傚畠浠寘鎷嚑琛屽0鏄?Red Hat 鐗堟湰鍙楓佸悕縐板拰鍐呮牳 ID 鐨勪俊鎭傚畠浠敱 rc.local 浣跨敤銆? /etc/redhat-release 鍖呮嫭涓琛屽0鏄?Red Hat 鐗堟湰鍙峰拰鍚嶇О鐨勪俊鎭傜敱 rc.local 浣跨敤銆? /etc/rc.d/rc 閫氬父鍦ㄦ墍鏈夎繍琛岀駭鍒繍琛岋紝綰у埆浣滀負鍙傛暟浼犻併備緥濡傦紝瑕佷互鍥懼艦錛圙raphics錛夋ā寮忥紙X-Server錛夊紩瀵兼満鍣紝璇峰湪鍛戒護琛岃繍琛屼笅闈㈢殑鍛戒護錛歩nit 5銆傝繍琛岀駭鍒?5 琛ㄧず浠ュ浘褰㈡ā寮忓紩瀵肩郴緇熴? /etc/rc.d/rc.local 闈炴寮忕殑銆傚彲浠ヤ粠 rc銆乺c.sysinit 鎴?/etc/inittab 璋冪敤銆? /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit 閫氬父鏄墍鏈夎繍琛岀駭鍒殑絎竴涓剼鏈? /etc/rc.d/rc/rcX.d 浠?rc 榪愯鐨勮剼鏈紙X 琛ㄧず 1 鍒?5 涔嬮棿鐨勪換鎰忔暟瀛楋級銆傝繖浜涚洰褰曟槸鐗瑰畾“榪愯綰у埆”鐨勭洰褰曘傚綋緋葷粺鍚姩鏃訛紝瀹冧細璇嗗埆瑕佸惎鍔ㄧ殑榪愯綰у埆錛岀劧鍚庤皟鐢ㄨ榪愯綰у埆鐨勭壒瀹氱洰褰曚腑瀛樺湪鐨勬墍鏈夊惎鍔ㄨ剼鏈備緥濡傦紝緋葷粺鍚姩鏃墮氬父浼氬湪寮曞娑堟伅涔嬪悗鏄劇ず“entering run-level 3”鐨勬秷鎭紱榪欐剰鍛崇潃 /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/ 鐩綍涓殑鎵鏈夊垵濮嬪寲鑴氭湰閮藉皢琚皟鐢ㄣ? 鏂囦歡緋葷粺 鍐呮牳鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓帴鍙o紝鐢ㄦ潵鏄劇ず涓浜涘畠鐨勬暟鎹粨鏋勶紝榪欎簺鏁版嵁緇撴瀯瀵逛簬鍐沖畾璇稿浣跨敤鐨勪腑鏂佸垵濮嬪寲鐨勮澶囧拰鍐呭瓨緇熻淇℃伅涔嬬被鐨勭郴緇熷弬鏁板彲鑳藉緢鏈夌敤銆傝繖涓帴鍙f槸浣滀負涓涓嫭绔嬩絾铏氭嫙鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熸彁渚涚殑錛岀О涓?/proc 鏂囦歡緋葷粺銆傚緢澶氱郴緇熷疄鐢ㄧ▼搴忛兘浣跨敤榪欎釜鏂囦歡緋葷粺涓瓨鍦ㄧ殑鍊兼潵鏄劇ず緋葷粺緇熻淇℃伅銆備緥濡傦紝/proc/modules 鏂囦歡鍒椾婦緋葷粺涓綋鍓嶅姞杞界殑妯″潡銆俵smod 鍛戒護璇誨彇姝や俊鎭紝鐒跺悗灝嗗叾浠ヤ漢浠彲浠ョ湅鎳傜殑鏍煎紡鏄劇ず鍑烘潵銆備笅闈㈣〃鏍間腑鎸囧畾鐨?mtab 鏂囦歡浠ュ悓鏍風殑鏂瑰紡璇誨彇鍖呭惈褰撳墠瀹夎鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熺殑 /proc/mount 鏂囦歡銆?/etc/mtab 榪欏皢闅忕潃 /proc/mount 鏂囦歡鐨勬敼鍙樿屼笉鏂敼鍙樸傛崲鍙ヨ瘽璇達紝鏂囦歡緋葷粺琚畨瑁呭拰鍗歌澆鏃訛紝鏀瑰彉浼氱珛鍗沖弽鏄犲埌姝ゆ枃浠朵腑銆? /etc/fstab 鍒椾婦璁$畻鏈哄綋鍓?#8220;鍙互瀹夎”鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熴傝繖闈炲父閲嶈錛屽洜涓鴻綆楁満寮曞鏃跺皢榪愯 mount -a 鍛戒護錛岃鍛戒護璐熻矗瀹夎 fstab 鐨勫掓暟絎簩鍒椾腑甯︽湁“1”鏍囪鐨勬瘡涓涓枃浠剁郴緇熴? /etc/mtools.conf DOS 綾誨瀷鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熶笂鎵鏈夋搷浣滐紙鍒涘緩鐩綍銆佸鍒躲佹牸寮忓寲絳夌瓑錛夌殑閰嶇疆銆? 緋葷粺綆$悊 /etc/group 鍖呭惈鏈夋晥鐨勭粍鍚嶇О鍜屾寚瀹氱粍涓寘鎷殑鐢ㄦ埛銆傚崟涓鐢ㄦ埛濡傛灉鎵ц澶氫釜浠誨姟錛屽彲浠ュ瓨鍦ㄤ簬澶氫釜緇勪腑銆備緥濡傦紝濡傛灉涓涓?#8220;鐢ㄦ埛”鏄?#8220;project 1”宸ョ▼緇勭殑鎴愬憳錛屽悓鏃朵篃鏄鐞嗗憳錛岄偅涔堝湪 group 鏂囦歡涓粬鐨勬潯鐩湅璧鋒潵灝變細鏄繖鏍風殑錛歶ser: * : group-id : project1 /etc/nologin 濡傛灉鏈?/etc/nologin 鏂囦歡瀛樺湪錛宭ogin(1) 灝嗗彧鍏佽 root 鐢ㄦ埛榪涜璁塊棶銆傚畠灝嗗鍏跺畠鐢ㄦ埛鏄劇ず姝ゆ枃浠剁殑鍐呭騫舵嫆緇濆叾鐧誨綍銆? /etc/passwd 璇峰弬闃?#8220;man passwd”銆傚畠鍖呭惈涓浜涚敤鎴峰笎鍙蜂俊鎭紝鍖呮嫭瀵嗙爜錛堝鏋滄湭琚?shadow 紼嬪簭鍔犲瘑榪囷級銆? /etc/rpmrc rpm 鍛戒護閰嶇疆銆傛墍鏈夌殑 rpm 鍛戒護琛岄夐」閮藉彲浠ュ湪榪欎釜鏂囦歡涓竴璧瘋緗紝榪欐牱錛屽綋浠諱綍 rpm 鍛戒護鍦ㄨ緋葷粺涓繍琛屾椂錛屾墍鏈夌殑閫夐」閮戒細鍏ㄥ眬閫傜敤銆? /etc/securetty 鍖呭惈璁懼鍚嶇О錛岀敱 tty 琛岀粍鎴愶紙姣忚涓涓悕縐幫紝涓嶅寘鎷墠闈㈢殑 /dev/錛夛紝root 鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄨ繖閲岃鍏佽鐧誨綍銆? /etc/usertty /etc/shadow 鍖呭惈鍔犲瘑鍚庣殑鐢ㄦ埛甯愬彿瀵嗙爜淇℃伅錛岃繕鍙互鍖呮嫭瀵嗙爜鏃舵晥淇℃伅銆傚寘鎷殑瀛楁鏈夛細 鐧誨綍鍚? 鍔犲瘑鍚庣殑瀵嗙爜 浠?1970 騫?1 鏈?1 鏃ュ埌瀵嗙爜鏈鍚庝竴嬈¤鏇存敼鐨勫ぉ鏁? 璺濆瘑鐮佸彲浠ユ洿鏀逛箣鍓嶇殑澶╂暟 璺濆瘑鐮佸繀欏繪洿鏀逛箣鍓嶇殑澶╂暟 瀵嗙爜鍒版湡鍓嶇敤鎴瘋璀﹀憡鐨勫ぉ鏁? 瀵嗙爜鍒版湡鍚庡笎鎴瘋紱佺敤鐨勫ぉ鏁? 浠?1970 騫?1 鏈?1 鏃ュ埌甯愬彿琚鐢ㄧ殑澶╂暟 /etc/shells 鍖呭惈緋葷粺鍙敤鐨勫彲鑳界殑“shell”鐨勫垪琛ㄣ? /etc/motd 姣忔棩娑堟伅錛涘湪綆$悊鍛樺笇鏈涘悜 Linux 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鎵鏈夌敤鎴蜂紶杈炬煇涓秷鎭椂浣跨敤銆? 鑱旂綉 /etc/gated.conf gated 鐨勯厤緗傚彧鑳借 gated 瀹堟姢榪涚▼鎵浣跨敤銆? /etc/gated.version 鍖呭惈 gated 瀹堟姢榪涚▼鐨勭増鏈彿銆? /etc/gateway 鐢?routed 瀹堟姢榪涚▼鍙夊湴浣跨敤銆? /etc/networks 鍒椾婦浠庢満鍣ㄦ墍榪炴帴鐨勭綉緇滃彲浠ヨ闂殑緗戠粶鍚嶅拰緗戠粶鍦板潃銆傞氳繃璺敱鍛戒護浣跨敤銆傚厑璁鎬嬌鐢ㄧ綉緇滃悕縐般? /etc/protocols 鍒椾婦褰撳墠鍙敤鐨勫崗璁傝鍙傞槄 NAG錛堢綉緇滅鐞嗗憳鎸囧崡錛孨etwork Administrators Guide錛夊拰鑱旀満甯姪欏點? C 鎺ュ彛鏄?getprotoent銆傜粷涓嶈兘鏇存敼銆? /etc/resolv.conf 鍦ㄧ▼搴忚姹?#8220;瑙f瀽”涓涓?IP 鍦板潃鏃跺憡璇夊唴鏍稿簲璇ユ煡璇㈠摢涓悕縐版湇鍔″櫒銆? /etc/rpc 鍖呭惈 RPC 鎸囦護錛忚鍒欙紝榪欎簺鎸囦護錛忚鍒欏彲浠ュ湪 NFS 璋冪敤銆佽繙紼嬫枃浠剁郴緇熷畨瑁呯瓑涓嬌鐢ㄣ? /etc/exports 瑕佸鍑虹殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛圢FS錛夊拰瀵瑰畠鐨勬潈闄愩? /etc/services 灝嗙綉緇滄湇鍔″悕杞崲涓虹鍙e彿錛忓崗璁傜敱 inetd銆乼elnet銆乼cpdump 鍜屼竴浜涘叾瀹冪▼搴忚鍙栥傛湁涓浜?C 璁塊棶渚嬬▼銆? /etc/inetd.conf inetd 鐨勯厤緗枃浠躲傝鍙傞槄 inetd 鑱旀満甯姪欏點傚寘鍚瘡涓綉緇滄湇鍔$殑鏉$洰錛宨netd 蹇呴』涓鴻繖浜涚綉緇滄湇鍔℃帶鍒跺畧鎶よ繘紼嬫垨鍏跺畠鏈嶅姟銆傛敞鎰忥紝鏈嶅姟灝嗕細榪愯錛屼絾鍦?/etc/services 涓皢瀹冧滑娉ㄩ噴鎺変簡錛岃繖鏍峰嵆浣胯繖浜涙湇鍔″湪榪愯涔熷皢涓嶅彲鐢ㄣ傛牸寮忎負錛? /etc/sendmail.cf 閭歡紼嬪簭 sendmail 鐨勯厤緗枃浠躲傛瘮杈冮殣鏅︼紝寰堥毦鐞嗚В銆? /etc/sysconfig/network 鎸囧嚭 NETWORKING=yes 鎴?no銆傝嚦灝戠敱 rc.sysinit 璇誨彇銆? /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/if* Red Hat 緗戠粶閰嶇疆鑴氭湰銆? 緋葷粺鍛戒護 緋葷粺鍛戒護瑕佺嫭鍗犲湴鎺у埗緋葷粺錛屽茍璁╀竴鍒囨甯稿伐浣溿傛墍鏈夊 login錛堝畬鎴愭帶鍒跺彴鐢ㄦ埛韜喚楠岃瘉闃舵錛夋垨 bash錛堟彁渚涚敤鎴峰拰璁$畻鏈轟箣闂翠氦浜掞級涔嬬被鐨勭▼搴忛兘鏄郴緇熷懡浠ゃ傚洜姝わ紝鍜屽畠浠湁鍏崇殑鏂囦歡涔熺壒鍒噸瑕併傝繖涓綾誨埆涓湁涓嬪垪浠ょ敤鎴峰拰綆$悊鍛樻劅鍏磋叮鐨勬枃浠躲?/etc/lilo.conf 鍖呭惈緋葷粺鐨勭己鐪佸紩瀵煎懡浠よ鍙傛暟錛岃繕鏈夊惎鍔ㄦ椂浣跨敤鐨勪笉鍚屾槧璞°傛偍鍦?LILO 寮曞鎻愮ず鐨勬椂鍊欐寜 Tab 閿氨鍙互鐪嬪埌榪欎釜鍒楄〃銆? /etc/logrotate.conf 緇存姢 /var/log 鐩綍涓殑鏃ュ織鏂囦歡銆? /etc/identd.conf identd 鏄竴涓湇鍔″櫒錛屽畠鎸夌収 RFC 1413 鏂囨。涓寚瀹氱殑鏂瑰紡瀹炵幇 TCP/IP 鎻愯鐨勬爣鍑?IDENT 鐢ㄦ埛韜喚璇嗗埆鍗忚銆俰dentd 鐨勬搷浣滃師鐞嗘槸鏌ユ壘鐗瑰畾 TCP/IP 榪炴帴騫惰繑鍥炴嫢鏈夋榪炴帴鐨勮繘紼嬬殑鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶃備綔涓洪夋嫨錛屽畠涔熷彲浠ヨ繑鍥炲叾瀹冧俊鎭紝鑰屼笉鏄敤鎴峰悕銆傝鍙傞槄 identd 鑱旀満甯姪欏點? /etc/ld.so.conf “鍔ㄦ侀摼鎺ョ▼搴?#8221;錛圖ynamic Linker錛夌殑閰嶇疆銆? /etc/inittab 鎸夊勾浠f潵璁詫紝榪欐槸 UNIX 涓涓涓厤緗枃浠躲傚湪涓鍙?UNIX 鏈哄櫒鎵撳紑涔嬪悗鍚姩鐨勭涓涓▼搴忔槸 init錛屽畠鐭ラ亾璇ュ惎鍔ㄤ粈涔堬紝榪欐槸鐢變簬 inittab 鐨勫瓨鍦ㄣ傚湪榪愯綰у埆鏀瑰彉鏃訛紝init 璇誨彇 inittab錛岀劧鍚庢帶鍒朵富榪涚▼鐨勫惎鍔ㄣ? /etc/termcap 涓涓暟鎹簱錛屽寘鍚墍鏈夊彲鑳界殑緇堢綾誨瀷浠ュ強榪欎簺緇堢鐨勬ц兘銆? 瀹堟姢榪涚▼ 瀹堟姢榪涚▼鏄竴縐嶈繍琛屽湪闈炰氦浜掓ā寮忎笅鐨勭▼搴忋備竴鑸潵璇達紝瀹堟姢榪涚▼浠誨姟鏄拰鑱旂綉鍖哄煙鏈夊叧鐨勶細瀹冧滑絳夊緟榪炴帴錛屼互渚塊氳繃榪炴帴鎻愪緵鏈嶅姟銆侺inux 鍙互浣跨敤浠?Web 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ埌 ftp 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑寰堝瀹堟姢榪涚▼銆?/etc/syslogd.conf syslogd 瀹堟姢榪涚▼鐨勯厤緗枃浠躲俿yslogd 鏄竴縐嶅畧鎶よ繘紼嬶紝瀹冭礋璐h褰曪紙鍐欏埌紓佺洏錛変粠鍏跺畠紼嬪簭鍙戦佸埌緋葷粺鐨勬秷鎭傝繖涓湇鍔″挨鍏跺父琚煇浜涘畧鎶よ繘紼嬫墍浣跨敤錛岃繖浜涘畧鎶よ繘紼嬩笉浼氭湁鍙﹀鐨勬柟娉曟潵鍙戝嚭鍙兘鏈夐棶棰樺瓨鍦ㄧ殑淇″彿鎴栧悜鐢ㄦ埛鍙戦佹秷鎭? /etc/httpd.conf Web 鏈嶅姟鍣?Apache 鐨勯厤緗枃浠躲傝繖涓枃浠朵竴鑸笉鍦?/etc 涓傚畠鍙兘鍦?/usr/local/httpd/conf/ 鎴?/etc/httpd/conf/ 涓紝浣嗘槸瑕佺‘瀹氬畠鐨勪綅緗紝鎮ㄨ繕闇瑕佹鏌ョ壒瀹氱殑 Apache 瀹夎淇℃伅銆? /etc/conf.modules or /etc/modules.conf kerneld 鐨勯厤緗枃浠躲傛湁鎰忔濈殑鏄紝kerneld 騫朵笉鏄?#8220;浣滀負瀹堟姢榪涚▼鐨?#8221;鍐呮牳銆傚畠鍏跺疄鏄竴縐嶅湪闇瑕佹椂璐熻矗“蹇?#8221;鍔犺澆闄勫姞鍐呮牳妯″潡鐨勫畧鎶よ繘紼嬨? 鐢ㄦ埛紼嬪簭 鍦?Linux錛堝拰涓鑸殑 UNIX錛変腑錛屾湁鏃犳暟鐨?#8220;鐢ㄦ埛”紼嬪簭銆傛渶甯歌鐨勪竴縐嶇敤鎴風▼搴忛厤緗枃浠舵槸 /etc/lynx.cfg銆傝繖鏄憲鍚嶇殑鏂囨湰嫻忚鍣?lynx 鐨勯厤緗枃浠躲傞氳繃榪欎釜鏂囦歡錛屾偍鍙互瀹氫箟浠g悊鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ佽浣跨敤鐨勫瓧絎﹂泦絳夌瓑銆備笅闈㈢殑浠g爜鏍鋒湰灞曠ず浜?lynx.cfg 鏂囦歡鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎錛屼慨鏀硅繖閮ㄥ垎浠g爜鍙互鏀瑰彉 Linux 緋葷粺鐨勪唬鐞嗘湇鍔″櫒璁劇疆銆傜己鐪佹儏鍐典笅錛岃繖浜涜緗傜敤浜庡湪鍚勮嚜鐨?shell 涓繍琛?lynx 鐨勬墍鏈夌敤鎴鳳紝闄ら潪鏌愪釜鐢ㄦ埛閫氳繃鎸囧畾 --cfg = "mylynx.cfg" 閲嶈浜嗙己鐪佺殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡銆? /etc/lynx.cfg 涓殑浠g悊鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ緗? .h1 proxy .h2 HTTP_PROXY .h2 HTTPS_PROXY .h2 FTP_PROXY .h2 GOPHER_PROXY .h2 NEWS_PROXY .h2 NNTP_PROXY # Lynx version 2.2 and beyond supports the use of proxy servers that can act as # firewall gateways and caching servers. They are preferable to the older # gateway servers. Each protocol used by Lynx can be mapped separately using # PROTOCOL_proxy environment variables (see Lynx Users Guide). If you have # not set them externally, you can set them at run time via this configuration file. # They will not override external settings. The no_proxy variable can be used # to inhibit proxying to selected regions of the Web (see below). Note that on # VMS these proxy variables are set as process logicals rather than symbols, to # preserve lowercasing, and will outlive the Lynx image. # .ex 15 http_proxy:http://proxy3.in.ibm.com:80/ ftp_proxy:http://proxy3.in.ibm.com:80/ #http_proxy:http://penguin.in.ibm.com:8080 #ftp_proxy:http://penguin.in.ibm.com:8080/ .h2 NO_PROXY # The no_proxy variable can be a comma-separated list of strings defining # no-proxy zones in the DNS domain name space. If a tail substring of the # domain-path for a host matches one of these strings, transactions with that # node will not be proxied. .ex no_proxy:demiurge.in.ibm.com, demiurge 鏇存敼閰嶇疆鏂囦歡 鍦ㄦ洿鏀歸厤緗枃浠舵椂錛屽鏋滅▼搴忎笉鏄敱緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樻垨鍐呮牳鎺у埗鐨勶紝灝辮紜繚閲嶆柊鍚姩榪囦嬌鐢ㄨ閰嶇疆鐨勭▼搴忋傛櫘閫氱敤鎴烽氬父娌℃湁鍚姩鎴栧仠姝㈢郴緇熺▼搴忓拰錛忔垨瀹堟姢榪涚▼鐨勬潈闄愩? 鍐呮牳 鏇存敼鍐呮牳涓殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡浼氱珛鍗沖獎鍝嶅埌緋葷粺銆備緥濡傦紝鏇存敼 passwd 鏂囦歡浠ュ鍔犵敤鎴峰皢绔嬪嵆浣胯鐢ㄦ埛鍙樹負鍙敤銆傝屼笖浠諱綍 Linux 緋葷粺鐨?/proc/sys 鐩綍涓兘鏈変竴浜涘唴鏍稿彲璋冨弬鏁般傚彧鏈夎秴綰х敤鎴峰彲浠ュ緱鍒板鎵鏈夎繖浜涙枃浠剁殑鍐欒闂潈鍔涳紱鍏跺畠鐢ㄦ埛鍙湁鍙璁塊棶鏉冨姏銆傛鐩綍涓枃浠剁殑鍒嗙被鐨勬柟寮忓拰 Linux 鍐呮牳婧愪唬鐮佺殑鍒嗙被鏂瑰紡涓鏍楓傛鐩綍涓殑姣忎釜鏂囦歡閮戒唬琛ㄤ竴涓唴鏍告暟鎹粨鏋勶紝榪欎簺鏁版嵁緇撴瀯鍙互琚姩鎬佸湴淇敼錛屼粠鑰屾敼鍙樼郴緇熸ц兘銆? 娉ㄦ剰錛氬湪鏇存敼鍏朵腑浠諱綍鏂囦歡鐨勪換浣曞間箣鍓嶏紝鎮ㄥ簲璇ョ‘淇濊嚜宸卞叏闈簡瑙h鏂囦歡錛屼互閬垮厤瀵圭郴緇熼犳垚涓嶅彲淇鐨勬崯瀹熾? /proc/sys/kernel/ 鐩綍涓殑鏂囦歡 鏂囦歡鍚?鎻忚堪 threads-max 鍐呮牳鍙繍琛岀殑鏈澶т換鍔℃暟銆? ctrl-alt-del 濡傛灉鍊間負 1錛岄偅涔堥『搴忔寜涓嬭繖鍑犱釜閿皢“褰誨簳鍦?#8221;閲嶆柊寮曞緋葷粺銆? sysrq 濡傛灉鍊間負 1錛孉lt-SysRq 鍒欎負嬋媧葷姸鎬併? osrelease 鏄劇ず鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鐨勫彂琛岀増鐗堟湰鍙? ostype 鏄劇ず鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鐨勭被鍨嬨? hostname 緋葷粺鐨勪富鏈哄悕銆? domainname 緗戠粶鍩燂紝緋葷粺鏄緗戠粶鍩熺殑涓閮ㄥ垎銆? modprobe 鎸囧畾 modprobe 鏄惁搴旇鍦ㄥ惎鍔ㄦ椂鑷姩榪愯騫跺姞杞藉繀闇鐨勬ā鍧椼? 瀹堟姢榪涚▼鍜岀郴緇熺▼搴? 瀹堟姢榪涚▼鏄案榪滆繍琛屽湪鍚庡彴鐨勭▼搴忥紝瀹冮粯榛樺湴鎵ц鑷繁鐨勪換鍔°傚父瑙佺殑瀹堟姢榪涚▼鏈?in.ftpd錛坒tp 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ畧鎶よ繘紼嬶級銆乮n.telnetd錛坱elnet 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ畧鎶よ繘紼嬶級鍜?syslogd錛堢郴緇熸棩蹇楄褰曞畧鎶よ繘紼嬶級銆傛湁浜涘畧鎶よ繘紼嬪湪榪愯鏃朵細涓ュ瘑鐩戣閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛屽湪閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鏀瑰彉鏃跺氨浼氳嚜鍔ㄩ噸鏂板姞杞藉畠銆備絾鏄ぇ澶氭暟瀹堟姢榪涚▼騫朵笉浼氳嚜鍔ㄩ噸鏂板姞杞介厤緗枃浠躲傛垜浠渶瑕佷互鏌愮鏂瑰紡“鍛婅瘔”榪欎簺瀹堟姢榪涚▼閰嶇疆鏂囦歡宸茬粡琚彂鐢熶簡鏀瑰彉騫跺簲璇ラ噸鏂板姞杞姐傚彲浠ラ氳繃浣跨敤鏈嶅姟鍛戒護閲嶆柊鍚姩鏈嶅姟鏉ヨ揪鍒拌繖涓洰鐨勶紙鍦?Red Hat Linux 緋葷粺涓婏級銆? 渚嬪錛屽鏋滄垜浠洿鏀逛簡緗戠粶閰嶇疆錛屽氨闇瑕佸彂鍑猴細 service network restart銆? 娉ㄦ剰錛氳繖浜涙湇鍔℃渶甯歌鐨勬槸 /etc/rc.d/init.d/* 鐩綍涓瓨鍦ㄧ殑鑴氭湰錛屽湪緋葷粺琚紩瀵兼椂鐢?init 鍚姩銆傛墍浠ワ紝鎮ㄤ篃鍙互鎵ц濡備笅鎿嶄綔鏉ラ噸鏂板惎鍔ㄦ湇鍔★細 /etc/rc.d/init.d/ start | stop | status start銆乻top 鍜?status 鏄繖浜涜剼鏈帴鍙楃殑杈撳叆鍊鹼紝鐢ㄦ潵鎵ц鎿嶄綔銆? 鐢ㄦ埛紼嬪簭 鐢ㄦ埛鎴栫郴緇熺▼搴忓湪姣忔鍚姩鏃墮兘浼氳鍙栧叾閰嶇疆鏂囦歡銆傚敖綆″姝わ紝璇瘋浣忥紝鏈変簺緋葷粺紼嬪簭鍦ㄨ綆楁満鎵撳紑鏃舵儏鍐典笉涓鏍鳳紝瀹冧滑鐨勮涓轟緷璧栦簬鍦?/etc/ 涓殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡涓鍒扮殑鍐呭銆傛墍浠ワ紝鐢ㄦ埛紼嬪簭絎竴嬈″惎鍔ㄦ椂灝嗕粠 /etc/ 鐩綍涓瓨鍦ㄧ殑鏂囦歡璇誨彇緙虹渷閰嶇疆銆傜劧鍚庯紝鐢ㄦ埛鍙互閫氳繃浣跨敤 rc 鍜?.錛堢偣錛夋枃浠舵潵瀹氬埗紼嬪簭錛屾濡備笅闈竴鑺傛墍紺恒? 鐢ㄦ埛閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?錛堢偣錛夋枃浠跺拰 rc 鏂囦歡 鎴戜滑宸茬粡鐪嬪埌鎬庢牱瀹規槗鍦伴厤緗▼搴忋備絾鏄鏋滄湁鐨勪漢涓嶅枩嬈㈠湪 /etc/ 涓厤緗▼搴忕殑鏂瑰紡璇ユ庝箞鍔炲憿錛?#8220;鏅?#8221;鐢ㄦ埛涓嶈兘綆鍗曞湴榪涘叆 /etc 鐒跺悗鏇存敼閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛涗粠鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勮搴︽潵鐪嬶紝閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鐨勬墍鏈夎呮槸 root 鐢ㄦ埛錛佽繖灝辨槸澶у鏁扮敤鎴風▼搴忛兘瀹氫箟涓や釜閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鐨勫師鍥狅細絎竴涓槸“緋葷粺”綰у埆鐨勶紝浣嶄簬 /etc/錛涘彟涓涓睘浜庣敤鎴?#8220;涓撶敤”錛屽彲浠ュ湪浠栨垨濂圭殑涓葷洰褰曚腑鎵懼埌銆? 渚嬪錛屾垜鍦ㄦ垜鐨勭郴緇熶腑瀹夎浜嗛潪甯告湁鐢ㄧ殑 wget 瀹炵敤紼嬪簭銆?etc/ 涓湁涓涓?/etc/wgetrc 鏂囦歡銆傚湪鎴戠殑涓葷洰褰曚腑錛屾湁涓涓悕涓?.wgetrc 鐨勬枃浠訛紝瀹冩弿榪頒簡鎴戝畾鍒剁殑閰嶇疆錛堝彧鏈夊湪鎴戯紝涔熷氨鏄敤鎴瘋繍琛?wget 鍛戒護鏃訛紝鎵嶄細鍔犺澆榪欎釜閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛夈傚叾瀹冪敤鎴峰湪浠栦滑鑷繁鐨勪富鐩綍錛?home/other錛変腑涔熷彲浠ユ湁 .wgetrc 鏂囦歡錛涘綋鐒訛紝鍙湁榪欎簺鐢ㄦ埛榪愯 wget 鍛戒護鏃訛紝鎵嶄細璇誨彇榪欎釜鏂囦歡銆傛崲鍙ヨ瘽璇達紝/etc/wgetrc 鏂囦歡涓?wget 鎻愪緵浜?#8220;緙虹渷”鍊鹼紝鑰?/home/xxx/.wgetrc 鏂囦歡鍒椾婦浜嗘煇涓敤鎴風殑“瀹氬埗欏?#8221;銆傞噸瑕佺殑鏄繖鍙槸“涓鑸鍒?#8221;錛屽茍闈炴墍鏈夋儏鍐甸兘濡傛銆備緥濡傦紝涓涓薄 pine 涓鏍風殑紼嬪簭錛屽湪 /etc/ 涓茍娌℃湁浠諱綍鏂囦歡錛屽畠鍙湪鐢ㄦ埛涓葷洰褰曚腑鏈変竴涓畾鍒墮厤緗枃浠訛紝鍚嶄負 .pinerc銆傚叾瀹冪▼搴忓彲鑳藉彧鏈?/etc/ 涓殑緙虹渷閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛岃屼笖鍙兘涓嶅厑璁哥敤鎴?#8220;瀹氬埗”榪欎簺閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛?etc 鐩綍涓彧鏈夊皯鏁?config. 鏂囦歡鏄繖縐嶆儏鍐碉級銆? 閫氬父浣跨敤鐨?rc 鍜?.錛堢偣錛夋枃浠? 鏂囦歡鍚?鎻忚堪 ~/.bash_login 璇峰弬鑰?#8220;man bash”銆傚鏋?~/.bash_profile 涓嶅瓨鍦紝bash 鍒欏皢 ~/.bash_login 浣滀負 ~/.bash_profile 澶勭悊銆? ~/.bash_logout 璇峰弬鑰?#8220;man bash”銆傚湪閫鍑烘椂鐢?bash 鐧誨綍 shell 寮曠敤銆? ~/.bash_profile 鐢?bash 鐧誨綍 shell 寮曠敤 /etc/profile 涔嬪悗寮曠敤銆? ~/.bash_history 鍏堝墠鎵ц鐨勫懡浠ょ殑鍒楄〃銆? ~/.bashrc 璇峰弬鑰?#8220;man bash”銆傜敱 bash 闈炵櫥褰曚氦浜掑紡 shell 寮曠敤錛堟病鏈夊叾瀹冩枃浠訛級銆傞櫎闈炶緗簡 BASH_ENV 鎴?ENV錛岄潪浜や簰寮?shell 涓嶅紩鐢ㄤ換浣曟枃浠躲? ~/.emacs 鍚姩鏃剁敱 emac 璇誨彇銆? ~/.forward 濡傛灉榪欓噷鍖呭惈涓涓數瀛愰偖浠跺湴鍧錛岄偅涔堟墍鏈夊彂寰 ~ 鐨勬墍鏈夎呯殑閭歡閮戒細琚漿鍙戝埌榪欎釜鐢靛瓙閭歡鍦板潃銆? ~/.fvwmrc ~/.fvwm2rc fvwm 鍜?fvwm2錛堝熀鏈殑 X Window 綆$悊鍣級鐨勯厤緗枃浠躲? ~/.hushlogin 璇峰弬鑰?#8220;man login”銆傚紩璧?#8220;鏃犳彁紺?#8221;鐧誨綍錛堟病鏈夐偖浠墮氱煡銆佷笂嬈$櫥褰曚俊鎭垨鑰?MOD 淇℃伅錛夈? ~/.mail.rc 閭歡紼嬪簭鐨勭敤鎴峰垵濮嬪寲鏂囦歡銆? ~/.ncftp/ ncftp 紼嬪簭鐨勭洰褰曪紱鍖呭惈涔︾銆佹棩蹇椼佸畯銆侀閫夐」鍜岃窡韙俊鎭傝鍙傞槄 man ncftp銆俷cftp 鐨勭洰鐨勬槸涓哄洜鐗圭綉鏍囧噯鏂囦歡浼犺緭鍗忚錛圛nternet standard File Transfer Protocol錛夋彁渚涗竴涓己澶ц岀伒媧葷殑鎺ュ彛銆傚畠鏃ㄥ湪鏇挎崲緋葷粺鎵浣跨敤鐨勬爣鍑嗙殑 ftp 紼嬪簭銆? ~/.profile 璇峰弬鑰?#8220;man bash”銆傚鏋?~/.bash_profile 鍜?~/.bash_login 鏂囦歡涓嶅瓨鍦紝bash 鍒欏皢 ~/.profile 浣滀負 ~/.bash_profile 澶勭悊錛屽茍琚叾瀹冪戶鎵?Bourn 鐨?shell 浣跨敤銆? ~/.pinerc Pine 閰嶇疆 ~/.muttrc Mutt 閰嶇疆 ~/.exrc 榪欎釜鏂囦歡鍙互鎺у埗 vi 鐨勯厤緗? 紺轟緥錛歴et ai sm ruler 鍦ㄦ鏂囦歡涓啓鍏ヤ笂闈竴琛屼細璁?vi 璁劇疆鑷姩緙╄繘銆佸尮閰嶆嫭鍙楓佹樉紺鴻鍙峰拰琛?鍒楄繖鍑犱釜閫夐」銆? ~/.vimrc 緙虹渷鐨?#8220;Vim”閰嶇疆鏂囦歡銆傚拰 .exrc 涓鏍楓? ~/.gtkrc GNOME 宸ュ叿鍖咃紙GNOME Toolkit錛夈? ~/.kderc KDE 閰嶇疆銆? ~/.netrc ftp 緙虹渷鐧誨綍鍚嶅拰瀵嗙爜銆? ~/.rhosts 鐢?r- 宸ュ叿錛堝 rsh銆乺login 絳夌瓑錛変嬌鐢ㄣ傚洜涓哄啋鍏呬富鏈哄緢瀹規槗錛屾墍浠ュ畨鍏ㄦч潪甯鎬綆銆? 蹇呴』鐢辯敤鎴鳳紙~/ 鐨勬墍鏈夎咃級鎴栬秴綰х敤鎴鋒嫢鏈夈? 鍒楀嚭涓浜涗富鏈猴紝鐢ㄦ埛鍙互浠庤繖浜涗富鏈鴻闂甯愬彿銆? 濡傛灉鏄鍙烽摼鎺ュ垯琚拷鐣ャ? ~/.rpmrc 璇峰弬闃?#8220;man rpm”銆傚鏋?/etc/rpmrc 涓嶅瓨鍦ㄥ垯鐢?rpm 璇誨彇銆? ~/.signature 娑堟伅鏂囨湰錛屽皢鑷姩闄勫姞鍦ㄤ粠姝ゅ笎鍙峰彂鍑虹殑閭歡鏈熬銆? ~/.twmrc twm錛圱he Window Manager錛夌殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡銆? ~/.xinitrc 鍚姩鏃剁敱 X 璇誨彇錛堣屼笉鏄敱 xinit 鑴氭湰璇誨彇錛夈傞氬父浼氬惎鍔ㄤ竴浜涚▼搴忋? 紺轟緥錛歟xec /usr/sbin/startkde 濡傛灉璇ユ枃浠朵腑瀛樺湪涓婇潰榪欒鍐呭錛岄偅涔堝湪浠庤繖涓笎鍙峰彂鍑?startx 鍛戒護鏃訛紝榪欎竴琛屽氨浼氬惎鍔?#8220;KDE 瑙嗙獥綆$悊鍣?#8221;錛圞DE Window Manager錛夈? ~/.xmodmaprc 姝ゆ枃浠惰浼犻佸埌 xmodmap 紼嬪簭錛岃屼笖鍙互琚懡鍚嶄負浠諱綍鏂囦歡錛堜緥濡?~/.Xmodmap 鍜?~/.keymap.km錛夈? ~/.xserverrc 濡傛灉 xinit 鍙互鎵懼埌瑕佹墽琛岀殑 X錛寈init 灝變細灝嗚鏂囦歡浣滀負 X 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ繍琛屻? ~/News/Sent-Message-IDs gnus 鐨勭己鐪侀偖浠跺巻鍙叉枃浠躲? ~/.Xauthority 鐢?xdm 紼嬪簭璇誨拰鍐欙紝浠ュ鐞嗘潈闄愩傝鍙傞槄 X銆亁dm 鍜?xauth 鑱旀満甯姪欏點? ~/.Xdefaults, ~/.Xdefaults-hostname 鍦ㄤ富鏈?hostname 鐨勫惎鍔ㄨ繃紼嬩腑鐢?X 搴旂敤紼嬪簭璇誨彇銆傚鏋滄壘涓嶅埌 -hostname 鏂囦歡錛屽垯鏌ユ壘 .Xdefaults 鏂囦歡銆? ~/.Xmodmap 鎸囧悜 .xmodmaprc錛汻ed Hat 鏈変嬌鐢ㄨ繖涓悕縐扮殑 .xinitrc 鏂囦歡銆? ~/.Xresources 閫氬父鏄紶閫佸埌 xrdb 浠ュ姞杞?X 璧勬簮鏁版嵁搴撶殑鏂囦歡鐨勫悕縐幫紝鏃ㄥ湪閬垮厤搴旂敤紼嬪簭闇瑕佽鍙栦竴涓緢闀跨殑 .Xdefaults 鏂囦歡榪欐牱鐨勬儏鍐點傦紙鏈変簺鎯呭喌鏇劇粡浣跨敤浜?~/.Xres銆傦級 ~/mbox 鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬棫閭歡銆? 鍙傝冭祫鏂? 瑕佷簡瑙f洿澶氫俊鎭紝璇烽槄璇?Jack Wallen, Jr. 鐨?Linux configuration files銆? 鍦?developerWorks 涓婅繕鏈夛細 Technical FAQ for Linux users What good is a Linux client? Using the xinetd program for system administration 嫻佽 developerWorks 涓婄殑鏇村 Linux 鍙傝冭祫鏂欍? 嫻佽 developerWorks 涓婄殑鏇村寮鏀炬簮浠g爜鍙傝冭祫鏂欍? 鍏充簬浣滆? Subodh Soni 鎸佹湁鍗板害 College Surat 澶у璁$畻鏈虹瀛︿笌鎶鏈湴鍖哄伐紼嬪鐨勫伐紼嬪瀛﹀+瀛︿綅銆備粬涓哄嵃搴︾殑 IBM Global Services錛圛BM Software Labs錛夊伐浣滐紱浠栬繕鏄?IBM Linux Technology Center 鐨勬垚鍛樹箣涓錛屽湪閭i噷浠栬嚧鍔涗簬 Linux RAS錛圧eliability錛孉vailability and Serviceability錛堝彲闈犳с佸彲鐢ㄦу拰閫傜敤鎬э級錛夈備粬鎰熷叴瓚g殑鍏跺畠棰嗗煙榪樻湁鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鍐呴儴銆丩inux 緋葷粺綆$悊鍜岀枒闅捐В絳斻傛偍鍙互閫氳繃 subodh@in.ibm.com 涓庝粬鑱旂郴銆?

from: ibm developerworks


chatler 2010-11-14 19:22 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
緗戠粶閰嶇疆鏂囦歡蹇熻В璇?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/11/14/133600.html</link><dc:creator>chatler</dc:creator><author>chatler</author><pubDate>Sun, 14 Nov 2010 11:20:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/11/14/133600.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/133600.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/11/14/133600.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/133600.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/133600.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">iamafan 鍦↙inux緋葷粺涓紝TCP/IP緗戠粶鏄氳繃鑻ュ共涓枃鏈枃浠惰繘琛岄厤緗殑錛岄渶瑕佺紪杈戣繖浜涙枃浠舵潵瀹屾垚鑱旂綉宸ヤ綔銆傜郴緇熶腑閲嶈鐨勬湁鍏崇綉緇滈厤緗枃浠朵負錛? 鈼?/etc/sysconfig/network 鈼?/etc/HOSTNAME 鈼?/etc/hosts 鈼?/etc/services 鈼?/etc/host.conf 鈼?/etc/nsswitch.conf 鈼?/etc/resolv.conf 鈼?/etc/rc.d/init.d/network 鎺ヤ笅鏉ユ垜浠皢瀵硅繖浜涙枃浠墮愪竴璁茶堪錛岃繖浜涙枃浠墮兘鍙互鍦ㄧ郴緇熻繍琛屾椂榪涜淇敼錛屼笉鐢ㄥ惎鍔ㄦ垨鑰呭仠姝換浣曞畧鎶ょ▼搴忥紝鏇存敼浼氱珛鍒葷敓鏁?闄や簡/etc/sysconfig/network)銆傚彟澶栵紝榪欎簺鏂囦歡閮芥敮鎸佺敱"#"寮澶寸殑娉ㄩ噴錛屾瘡涓涓枃浠墮兘鏈夊湪UNIX鎵嬪唽欏典腑鐨勭5閮ㄥ垎涓湁涓欏癸紝鍙互鐢╩an鍛戒護鏉ヨ幏鍙栧畠浠? 鈼?/etc/sysconfig/network 緗戠粶璁劇疆 璇ユ枃浠剁敤鏉ユ寚瀹氭湇鍔″櫒涓婄殑緗戠粶閰嶇疆淇℃伅錛屽寘鍚簡鎺у埗鍜岀綉緇滄湁鍏崇殑鏂囦歡鍜屽畧鎶ょ▼搴忕殑琛屼負鐨勫弬鏁般備笅闈㈡槸涓涓緥瀛愭枃浠訛細 NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=machine1 GATEWAY=210.34.6.2 FORWARD_IPV4=yes GATEWAYDEV= 鍏朵腑錛孨ETWORK=yes/no 琛ㄧず緗戠粶鏄惁琚厤緗紱 HOSTNAME=hostname hostname 琛ㄧず鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑涓繪満鍚嶏紱 GATEWAY=gw-ip gw-ip 琛ㄧず緗戠粶緗戝叧鐨処P鍦板潃錛? FORWARD_IPV4=yes/no 鏄惁寮鍚疘P杞彂鍔熻兘錛? GAREWAYDEV=gw-dev gw-dw 琛ㄧず緗戝叧鐨勮澶囧悕錛屽錛歟th0絳夛紱 涓轟簡鍜岃佺殑涓浜涜蔣浠剁浉鍏煎錛?/etc/HOSTNAME"鏂囦歡搴旇鐢ㄥ拰HOSTNAME=hostname鐩稿悓鐨勪富鏈哄悕銆? 鈼?/etc/HOSTNAME 涓繪満鍚? 璇ユ枃浠跺寘鍚簡緋葷粺鐨勪富鏈哄悕縐幫紝鍖呮嫭瀹屽叏鐨勫煙鍚嶏紝濡傦細 192.168.0.1 machine1.domain machine1 榪欎釜鏂囦歡鏄湪鍚姩鏃朵粠鏂囦歡/etc/sysconfig/network涓殑HOSTNAME琛屼腑寰楀埌鐨勶紝鐢ㄤ簬鍦ㄥ惎鍔ㄦ椂璁劇疆緋葷粺鐨勪富鏈哄悕銆? 鈼?/etc/hosts IP鍦板潃鍜屼富鏈哄悕鐨勬槧灝? /etc/hosts涓寘鍚簡IP鍦板潃鍜屼富鏈哄悕涔嬮棿鐨勬槧灝勶紝榪樺寘鎷富鏈哄悕鐨勫埆鍚嶏紝IP鍦板潃鐨勮璁′嬌璁$畻鏈哄鏄撹瘑鍒紝浣嗗浜庝漢鍗村緢闅捐浣忓畠浠紝涓轟簡瑙e喅榪欎釜闂錛屽垱寤轟簡/etc/hosts榪欎釜鏂囦歡銆備笅闈㈡槸涓涓緥瀛愭枃浠訛細 127.0.0.1 machine1 localhost.localdomain localhost 192.168.1.100 machine7 192.168.1.101 otherpc otheralias 鍦ㄨ繖涓緥瀛愪腑錛屾湰鏈哄悕鏄痬achine1錛宱therpc榪樻湁鍒悕otheralias錛屽畠鍙互鎸囧悜otheralias銆傘備竴鏃﹂厤緗畬鏈哄櫒鐨勭綉緇滈厤緗枃浠訛紝搴旇閲嶆柊鍚姩緗戠粶浠ヤ嬌淇敼鐢熸晥錛屼嬌鐢ㄤ笅闈㈢殑鍛戒護鏉ラ噸鏂板惎鍔ㄧ綉緇滐細 /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart /etc/hosts鏂囦歡閫氬父鍚湁涓繪満鍚嶃乴ocalhost鍜岀郴緇熺鐞嗗憳緇忓父浣跨敤鐨勭郴緇熷埆鍚嶏紝鏈夋椂鍊檛elnet鍒癓inux鏈哄櫒瑕佺瓑寰呭緢闀挎椂闂達紝鍙互閫氳繃鍦?/etc/hosts"鍔犲叆瀹㈡埛鐨勬満鍣ㄧ殑IP鍦板潃鍜屼富鏈哄悕鐨勫尮閰嶉」錛屽氨鍙互鍑忓皯鐧誨綍絳夊緟鏃墮棿銆傚湪娌℃湁鍩熷悕鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ儏鍐典笅錛岀郴緇熶笂鐨勬墍鏈夌綉緇滅▼搴忛兘閫氳繃鏌ヨ璇ユ枃浠舵潵瑙f瀽瀵瑰簲浜庢煇涓富鏈哄悕鐨処P鍦板潃錛屽惁鍒欙紝鍏朵粬鐨勪富鏈哄悕閫氬父浣跨敤DNS鏉ヨВ鍐籌紝DNS瀹㈡埛閮ㄥ垎鐨勯厤緗湪鏂囦歡/etc/resolv.conf涓? 鈼?/etc/services /etc/services涓寘鍚簡鏈嶅姟鍚嶅拰绔彛鍙蜂箣闂寸殑鏄犲皠錛屼笉灝戠殑緋葷粺紼嬪簭瑕佷嬌鐢ㄨ繖涓枃浠訛紝涓嬮潰鏄疪edHat 瀹夎鏃剁己鐪佺殑/etc/services涓殑鍓嶅嚑琛岋細 tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer echo 7/tcp echo 7/udp discard 9/tcp sink null discard 9/udp sink null systat 11/tcp users 鏈宸﹁竟涓鍒楁槸涓繪満鏈嶅姟鍚嶏紝涓棿涓鍒楁槸绔彛鍙鳳紝”/“ 鍚庨潰鏄鍙g被鍨嬶紝鍙互鏄疶CP涔熷彲浠ユ槸UDP銆備換浣曞悗闈㈢殑鍒楅兘鏄墠闈㈡湇鍔$殑鍒悕銆傚湪榪欎釜鏂囦歡涓篃瀛樺湪鐫鍒悕錛屽畠浠嚭鐜板湪绔彛鍙峰悗闈紝鍦ㄤ笂榪頒緥瀛愪腑sink鍜宯ull 閮芥槸discard鏈嶅姟鐨勫埆鍚嶃? 鈼?/etc/host.conf 閰嶇疆鍚嶅瓧瑙f瀽鍣? 鏈変袱涓枃浠跺0鏄庣郴緇熷埌鍝噷瀵繪壘鍚嶅瓧淇℃伅鏉ラ厤緗甎NIX鍚嶅瓧瑙f瀽鍣ㄧ殑搴撱傛枃浠?etc/host.conf鐢辯増鏈?鐨刲ibc搴撴墍浣跨敤錛岃?etc/nsswitch.conf鐢辯増鏈?浣跨敤(glibc )銆傞棶棰樺湪浜庝竴浜涚▼搴忎嬌鐢ㄥ叾涓竴涓紝鑰屼竴浜涗嬌鐢ㄥ彟涓涓紝鎵浠ュ皢涓や釜鏂囦歡閮介厤緗紜槸蹇呰鐨勩? /etc/host.conf鏂囦歡鎸囧畾濡備綍瑙f瀽涓繪満鍚嶏紝Linux閫氳繃瑙f瀽鍣ㄥ簱鏉ヨ幏寰椾富鏈哄悕瀵瑰簲鐨処P鍦板潃銆備笅闈㈡槸RedHat瀹夎鍚庣己鐪佺殑"/etc/host.conf"鍐呭錛? order hosts錛宐ind multi on 鈥?order " 鎸囧畾涓繪満鍚嶆煡璇㈤『搴忥紝鍏跺弬鏁頒負鐢ㄩ楀彿闅斿紑鐨勬煡鎵炬柟娉曪紝鏀寔鐨勬煡鎵炬柟娉曚負bind銆乭osts鍜宯is錛屽垎鍒唬琛―NS銆?etc/hosts鍜孨IS錛岃繖閲岃瀹氬厛鏌ヨ"/etc/hosts"鏂囦歡鐒跺悗鍐嶄嬌鐢―NS鏉ヨВ鏋愬煙鍚嶃? 鈥?trim" 琛ㄦ槑褰撻氳繃DNS榪涜鍦板潃鍒頒富鏈哄悕鐨勮漿鎹㈡椂錛屽煙鍚嶅皢浠庝富鏈哄悕涓瑁佸壀鎺夛紝trim鍙互琚涓煙鍖呭惈澶氭錛屽/etc/hosts鍜孨IS鏌ヨ鏂規硶涓嶈搗浣滅敤錛屾敞鎰忓湪/etc/hosts鍜孨IS琛ㄤ腑涓繪満鍚嶆槸琚傚綋鍦?鏈夋垨娌℃湁鍏ㄥ煙鍚?鍒楀嚭鐨勩? 鈥?multi" 鎸囧畾鏄惁"/etc/hosts"鏂囦歡涓寚瀹氱殑涓繪満鍙互鏈夊涓湴鍧錛屽間負on琛ㄧず鍏佽錛屾嫢鏈夊涓狪P鍦板潃鐨勪富鏈轟竴鑸О涓哄叿鏈夊涓綉緇滅晫闈€? 鈥?nospoof " 鎸囨槸鍚﹀厑璁稿璇ユ湇鍔″櫒榪涜IP鍦板潃嬈洪獥錛屽間負on琛ㄧず涓嶅厑璁革紝IP嬈洪獥鏄竴縐嶆敾鍑葷郴緇熷畨鍏ㄧ殑鎵嬫錛岄氳繃鎶奍P鍦板潃浼鎴愬埆鐨勮綆楁満錛屾潵鍙栧緱鍏跺畠璁$畻鏈虹殑淇′換銆? 鈥?alert" 褰搉ospoof鎸囦護涓簅n鏃訛紝alert鎺у埗嬈洪獥鐨勪紒鍥炬槸鍚︾敤syslog宸ュ叿榪涜璁板綍錛屽間負on琛ㄧず浣跨敤錛岀己鐪佸間負off銆? 鈥?rccorder" 濡傛灉琚緗負on錛屾墍鏈夌殑鏌ヨ灝嗚閲嶆柊鎺掑簭錛屾墍浠ュ湪鍚屼竴瀛愮綉涓殑涓繪満灝嗛閫夎榪斿洖錛岀己鐪佸間負off銆? 鈼?/etc/nsswitch.conf 閰嶇疆鍚嶅瓧瑙f瀽鍣? /etc/nsswitch.conf鏂囦歡鏄敱S u n鍏徃寮鍙戝茍鐢ㄤ簬綆$悊緋葷粺涓涓厤緗枃浠舵煡鎵劇殑欏哄簭錛屽畠姣?etc/host.conf鏂囦歡鎻愪緵浜嗘洿澶氱殑鍔熻兘銆?etc/nsswitch.conf涓殑姣忎竴琛屾垨鑰呮槸娉ㄩ噴(浠?鍙峰紑澶?鎴栬呮槸涓涓叧閿瓧鍚庤窡鍐掑彿鍜屼竴緋誨垪瑕佽瘯鐢ㄧ殑鏈夐『搴忕殑鏂規硶銆傛瘡涓涓叧閿瓧鏄湪/etc/鐩綍鍙互琚?etc/nsswitch.conf鎺у埗鐨?etc鏂囦歡鐨勫悕瀛椼備笅闈㈡槸鍙互琚寘鍚殑鍏抽敭瀛楋細 鈥籥liases 閭歡鍒悕錛? 鈥籶asswd 緋葷粺鐢ㄦ埛錛? 鈥籫roup 鐢ㄦ埛緇勶紱 鈥籹hadow 闅愯斀鍙d護錛? 鈥籬osts 涓繪満鍚嶅拰I P鍦板潃錛? 鈥籲etworks 緗戠粶鍚嶅拰鍙鳳紱 鈥籶rotocols 緗戠粶鍗忚錛? 鈥籹ervices 绔彛鍙峰拰鏈嶅姟鍚嶇О錛? 鈥籩thers 浠ュお緗戝彿錛? 鈥籸pc 榪滅▼榪涚▼璋冪敤鐨勫悕縐板拰鍙? 鈥籲etgroup 緗戝唴緇? 涓嬮潰涔熸槸鍙互鍖呭惈鐨勫叧閿瓧錛? 鈥籪iles 闄や簡netgroup錛屽鍏朵粬鍏抽敭瀛楅兘鏈夋晥銆傚湪鐩稿簲鐨?etc鏂囦歡涓鎵捐褰? 鈥籨b 闄や簡netgroup錛屽鍏朵粬鍏抽敭瀛楅兘鏈夋晥銆傚湪鐩稿簲鐨?var/db鏁版嵁搴撲腑瀵繪壘璁板綍銆傚闀挎枃浠跺緢鏈夋晥錛屽passwd鏂囦歡宸茬粡 瓚呰繃500欏廣傝浠庢爣鍑?etc鏂囦歡涓駭鐢熻繖浜涙枃浠訛紝搴旀敼鍙樼洰褰曞埌/var/db騫惰繍琛宺un鍛戒護 鈥籧ompat 鍏煎鎬фā寮忥紝瀵筽asswd銆乬roup鍜宻hadow鏂囦歡鏈夋晥銆傚湪鏈ā寮忎腑錛屽皢鍏堝湪瀵瑰簲鐨?etc鏂囦歡涓煡鎵俱傚鏋滄兂榪涜NIS鏌ユ壘錛岄渶瑕佺涓涓?鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶆垨緇勫悕)涓哄姞鍙? + )錛屽悗闈㈣窡瀵瑰簲鏁伴噺鐨勫啋鍙? : ) ( /etc/passwd涓?涓紝 /etc/group涓?涓紝 /etc/shadow涓?涓?銆傚鍦?etc/passwd鏂囦歡涓紝涓嬮潰涓琛屽簲琚寘鍚湪鏂囦歡灝撅細 + : * : : : : : 鈥籨ns 鍙hosts鏈夋剰涔夈傚儚鍦?etc/resolvconf閰嶇疆鐨勶紝鍦―NS涓繘琛屾煡鎵? 鈥籲is 瀵規墍鏈夌殑鍏抽敭瀛楅兘鏈夋剰涔夈傚NIS鏄彲浠ョ敤鐨勶紝鍦∟IS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ腑鏌ユ壘 鈥籟 STATUS = action ] 鎺у埗鍚嶅瓧鏈嶅姟鐨勮涓恒係TATUS鏄疭UCCESS(鎿嶄綔琚垚鍔熸墽琛?銆丯OTFOUND (璁板綍娌℃壘鍒?銆乁NAVAIL (鎵閫夋嫨鐨勬湇鍔′笉鍙敤)鍜孴RYAGAIN (鏈嶅姟鏆傛椂涓嶅彲鐢紝璇烽噸璇?涓殑涓涓俛ction鏄痳eturn (緇堟鏌ユ壘騫惰繑鍥炲綋鍓嶇姸鎬?鎴朿ontinue (緇х畫榪欎竴琛岀殑鍏朵粬欏?涓殑涓涓傚hosts: dns nis [NOTFOUND=return] files灝嗕細棣栧厛鍦―NS涓紝鐒跺悗鍦∟IS涓煡鎵句富鏈哄悕銆傚彧鏈夊綋鍓嶄袱欏歸兘涓嶅彲鐢ㄦ椂鎵嶄嬌鐢ㄦ枃浠?etc/hosts 鈼?/etc/resolv.conf 閰嶇疆DNS瀹㈡埛 鏂囦歡/etc/resolv.conf閰嶇疆DNS瀹㈡埛錛屽畠鍖呭惈浜嗕富鏈虹殑鍩熷悕鎼滅儲欏哄簭鍜孌NS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鍦板潃錛屾瘡涓琛屽簲鍖呭惈涓涓叧閿瓧鍜屼竴涓垨澶氫釜鐨勭敱絀烘牸闅斿紑鐨勫弬鏁般備笅闈㈡槸涓涓緥瀛愭枃浠訛細 search mydom.edu.cn nameserver 210.34.0.14 nameserver 210.34.0.2 鍚堟硶鐨勫弬鏁板強鍏舵剰涔夊涓嬶細 鈥籲ameserver 琛ㄦ槑DNS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑IP鍦板潃銆傚彲浠ユ湁寰堝琛岀殑nameserver錛屾瘡涓涓甫涓涓狪 P鍦板潃銆傚湪鏌ヨ鏃跺氨鎸塶ameserver鍦ㄦ湰鏂囦歡涓殑欏哄簭榪涜錛屼笖鍙湁褰撶涓涓猲ameserver娌℃湁鍙嶅簲鏃舵墠鏌ヨ涓嬮潰鐨刵ameserver. 鈥籨omain 澹版槑涓繪満鐨勫煙鍚嶃傚緢澶氱▼搴忕敤鍒板畠錛屽閭歡緋葷粺錛涘綋涓烘病鏈夊煙鍚嶇殑涓繪満榪涜DNS鏌ヨ鏃訛紝涔熻鐢ㄥ埌銆傚鏋滄病鏈夊煙鍚嶏紝涓繪満鍚嶅皢琚嬌鐢紝鍒犻櫎鎵鏈夊湪絎竴涓偣( . )鍓嶉潰鐨勫唴瀹廣? 鈥籹earch 瀹冪殑澶氫釜鍙傛暟鎸囨槑鍩熷悕鏌ヨ欏哄簭銆傚綋瑕佹煡璇㈡病鏈夊煙鍚嶇殑涓繪満錛屼富鏈哄皢鍦ㄧ敱search澹版槑鐨勫煙涓垎鍒煡鎵俱俤omain鍜宻earch涓嶈兘鍏卞瓨錛涘鏋滃悓鏃跺瓨鍦紝鍚庨潰鍑虹幇鐨勫皢浼氳浣跨敤銆? 鈥籹ortlist 鍏佽灝嗗緱鍒板煙鍚嶇粨鏋滆繘琛岀壒瀹氱殑鎺掑簭銆傚畠鐨勫弬鏁頒負緗戠粶/鎺╃爜瀵癸紝鍏佽浠繪剰鐨勬帓鍒楅『搴忋俁ed Hat涓病鏈夋彁渚涚己鐪佺殑/ e t c / r e s o l v. c o n f鏂囦歡錛屽畠鐨勫唴瀹規槸鏍規嵁鍦ㄥ畨瑁呮椂緇欏嚭鐨勯夐」鍔ㄦ佸垱寤虹殑銆? 鈼?/etc/init.d/network 涓繪満鍦板潃銆佸瓙緗戞帺鐮佸拰緗戝叧 涓嶅儚寰堝鍏朵粬鐨刄NIX鍜孡inux鎿嶄綔緋葷粺錛?Red Hat褰撳墠騫朵笉鑳借嚜鍔ㄥ湴閫氳繃/etc/hostname鍜?etc/hosts鏂囦歡鏉ラ厤緗綉緇溿備負浜嗘敼鍙樹富鏈虹己鐪佺殑IP鍦板潃錛屽繀欏葷洿鎺ョ紪杈?etc/init.d/network鑴氭湰浣垮叾鍙嶆槧姝g‘鐨勭綉緇滈厤緗傝繖涓枃浠跺寘鎷簡澹版槑IP鍦板潃銆佹帺鐮併佺綉緇溿佸箍鎾湴鍧鍜岀己鐪佽礬鐢卞櫒鐨勫彉閲忋備笅闈㈡槸榪欎釜鏂囦歡涓浉搴旂殑閮ㄥ垎錛? IPADDR=192.168.1.100 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 BROADCAST=192.168.1.255 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 </pre> <img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/aggbug/133600.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/" target="_blank">chatler</a> 2010-11-14 19:20 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/11/14/133600.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>AIX緋葷粺淇℃伅鏌ョ湅http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/10/02/128281.htmlchatlerchatlerSat, 02 Oct 2010 01:19:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/10/02/128281.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/128281.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/10/02/128281.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/128281.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/128281.html
鐪嬬紪璇戝櫒鐗堟湰錛?/span>lslpp -l | grep Xlc
bootinfo -k(灝忓啓)
榪斿洖褰撳墠鐨勫惎鍔ㄦā寮?榪斿洖鏈哄櫒鐨勯挜鍖欑殑浣嶇疆
1 Key is in Secure position.
2 Key is in Service position.
3 Key is in Normal position.

bootinfo -K(澶у啓)
榪斿洖褰撳墠緋葷粺榪愯鐨勫唴鏍鎬負32浣嶈繕鏄?4浣?/span>

bootinfo -m
榪斿洖鏈哄櫒綾誨瀷鐮?/span>

bootinfo -c
-c Displays bootp daemon reply packet information stored with IPL control block.

bootinfo -t
榪斿洖褰撳墠鍚姩綾誨瀷
1 Disk boot
3 CD-ROM boot
4 Tape boot
5 Network boot

bootinfo -z
榪斿洖鏈哄櫒鏄惁鏀寔澶?/span>澶勭悊鍣?/span>
0 涓嶆敮鎸?/span>
1 鏀寔

bootinfo -T
榪斿洖鏈哄櫒鐨勭‖浠跺鉤鍙扮被鍨嬶紝姣斿rspc

bootinfo -r
榪斿洖瀹為檯鍐呭瓨瀹歸噺錛屽崟浣嶄負kbytes

bootinfo -b
榪斿洖鏈鍚庝竴嬈″惎鍔ㄧ殑璁懼

bootinfo -y
榪斿洖鏈哄櫒紜歡鏄?2浣嶈繕鏄?4浣?/span>

uname -p
榪斿洖緋葷粺鑺墖綾誨瀷錛屽powerpc

uname -M
榪斿洖鏈哄櫒鍨嬪彿錛屽IBM,7026-B80

鍐呭瓨lsattr -El mem0
cpu lsdev -C |grep proc
CPU鐨勪俊鎭痩sattr -El proc0


chatler 2010-10-02 09:19 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
aix6.1緙栬瘧鍣ㄦ姤閿欑増鏈拰緋葷粺涓嶇鍚?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/10/01/128211.html</link><dc:creator>chatler</dc:creator><author>chatler</author><pubDate>Fri, 01 Oct 2010 10:02:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/10/01/128211.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/128211.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/10/01/128211.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/128211.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/128211.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">I was able to solve this using the following procedure:</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">cd /etc</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">cp -pr /etc/vac.cfg.53 vac.cfg.61</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">rm /etc/vac/cfg</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">ln -s /etc/vac.cfg.61 vac.cfg</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">vi vac.cfg.61</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">under common definitions</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">options</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">add -D_AIX61 to the list of operating systems.</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">change</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">oslevel = 6.1</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">os_major = 6</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">os_minor = 1</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font: normal normal normal 12px/normal arial; line-height: 15px; "></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; ">works fine now.</span><div><font color="#333333" face="arial" size="3"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">from錛?br></span></font> <div><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; "><a >http://unix.ittoolbox.com/groups/technical-functional/ibm-aix-l/aix-c-compiler-2052509</a></span></div></div><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/aggbug/128211.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/" target="_blank">chatler</a> 2010-10-01 18:02 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/10/01/128211.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>ubuntu proxy settinghttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/08/31/125354.htmlchatlerchatlerTue, 31 Aug 2010 01:48:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/08/31/125354.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/125354.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/08/31/125354.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/125354.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/125354.html sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf
(type in the sudo password)

type this in:
Acquire::http::Proxy "http://username:password@address:8080";

note: you may also need ftp (simply replace the http with ftp and put this line below the http one)

where:
username is your proxy username
password is your proxy password
address is your proxy address

exit this file then type:
cd
gedit .bashrc

then down the bottom of this file type:

export http_proxy=http://username:password@address:8080

exit this file and exit terminal
then go to System -> Preferences -> Network Proxy
select manual proxy configuration
type this in the box:
username:password@address
also select port 8080
click on details and enter username and password.

exit this then go to System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager -> Settings -> Preferences

select the Network tab, then do the same thing you did with the Network Proxy.

There is plenty of details on the web about this, although I ran into this problem and found nothing for a long time. Hope this helps :)

chatler 2010-08-31 09:48 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
Linux緋葷粺鍏變韓鍐呭瓨璁劇疆http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/05/05/114490.htmlchatlerchatlerWed, 05 May 2010 06:53:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/05/05/114490.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/114490.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/05/05/114490.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/114490.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/114490.html/proc/sys/kernel/shmall
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax



chatler 2010-05-05 14:53 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
selinux搴旂敤http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/04/01/111302.htmlchatlerchatlerThu, 01 Apr 2010 09:22:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/04/01/111302.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/111302.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/04/01/111302.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/111302.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/111302.html

鐪嬩簡寰堝綞茶礬涓婃湁闂滄柤 SELinux 鐨勬枃绔犱互鍙婂埌鏇稿簵鍘葷炕浜嗕竴涓嬫湁鎻愬埌 SELinux 鐨? Linux 鏇哥睄
鐪嬪畬浜嗙殑鎰熻涓嶆槸寰堝ソ
騫句箮閮芥矑鎻愬埌浠楹兼槸 SELinux錛?strong style="color: black; background-color: #ffff66;">SELinux 鐨勯亱浣滄鍒舵槸浠楹鹼紵
澶ч儴浠芥彁鍒扮殑瑙f焙杈︽硶錛岄兘鏄?“璜嬫妸 SELinux 鍋滅敤”
閫欐ǎ涔熷彧涓嶉亷鏄不妯欒屼笉鏄不鏈殑鏂規硶

SELinux 鐨勮ō瀹氭獢

* /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.
SELINUX=enforcing
# SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are:
# targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected.
# strict - Full SELinux protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

鑻ヨ鍋滅敤 SELinux錛? 鍓囨妸 SELINUX=enforcing 鏀規垚 SELINUX=disabled 寰岄噸鏂伴枊姍熷嵆鍙?/p>

SELinux 鐨勪竴浜涚浉闂滄寚浠?/h3>

* sestatus
鏌ョ湅 SELinux 鏄惁鍟熺敤鍙婄洰鍓嶇媭鎱嬪浣曠殑鎸囦護
濡?
1.SELinux Disabled

$ sestatus
SELinux status: disabled

2.SELinux Enabled
mode: enforcing
Policy: targeted

$ sestatus
SELinux status: disabled
SELinux status: enabled
SELinuxfs mount: /selinux
Current mode: enforcing
Mode from config file: enforcing
Policy version: 18
Policy from config file:targeted

Policy booleans:
...skip...
httpd_builtin_scripting active
httpd_disable_trans active
httpd_enable_cgi active
httpd_enable_homedirs active
httpd_ssi_exec active
httpd_tty_comm inactive
httpd_unified active
...skip...

* system-config-securitylevel
鍦栧艦鍖栦粙闈㈢殑宸ュ叿紼嬪紡錛岄櫎浜嗗彲浠ヨō瀹氶槻鐏墕(iptables)澶栵紝涔熷彲浠ヨō瀹?SELinux

* setenforce
鍦?SELinux 鍟熷嫊鐐?enforcing 鐨勭媭娉佷笅錛屽彲浠ュ煼琛?“setenforce 0“ 渚嗗皣 SELinux 鏆檪鍋滅敤

* getsebool and setsebool
/etc/selinux/targeted/booleans 閫欏嬫獢瑁¢潰鏀劇殑灝辨槸鍚勫?Policy 鐨勫竷鏋楀鹼紝涓嶉亷錛屽湪 FC5 涔嬪緦錛屽凡綞撴矑鏈夐欏嬫獢浜嗭紝浣犲彲浠ョ敤
$ getsebool -a
渚嗘煡鐪嬫墍鏈夌殑 booleans 璦畾鐙娉?br> 鎴栨槸浣跨敤濡?
$ setsebool -P httpd_disable_trans 1
渚嗗皣 httpd_disable_trans 鍋滅敤錛岄欐ǎ鍏跺涔熷氨絳夋柤鏄仠鐢?SELinux 灝?httpd 鐨勪繚璀蜂簡

* chcon
鍌崇當鐨?chmod 鎸囦護鏄敤渚嗚ō瀹氭獢妗堟垨鐩寗鐨勬瑠闄愮殑錛岃屽悓妯g殑 chcon 鎸囦護鍓囨槸鐢ㄤ締璦畾 SELinux 灝嶆獢妗堟垨鐩寗鐨?content 妯欑堡鐨?/p>

* fixfiles
fixfiles check 鎸囦護鍙互鐢ㄤ締妾㈡煡妾旀鎴栫洰閷勭殑 SELinux content
fixfiles restore 鎸囦護鍓囧彲浠ョ敤渚嗕慨姝?閭勫師)妾旀鎴栫洰閷勭殑 SELinux content
fixfiles relabel 鍓囨槸鏈冮噸鏂頒慨姝?閭勫師)鎵鏈夌殑妾旀鍙婄洰閷勭殑 SELinux content

濡備綍鍦?SELinux 鍟熷嫊鐐?enforcing 鐨勭媭娉佷笅涔熻畵 Web Server(httpd) 鑳芥甯擱亱浣滐紵

鍓嶉潰鎻愬埌錛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ュ皣 SELinux 鍋滅敤(disabled) 鎴栨槸鍩瘋 “setsebool -P httpd_disable_trans 1“ 渚嗗仠鐢?SELinux 灝?httpd 鐨勪繚璀鳳紝閫欐ǎ錛?strong style="color: black; background-color: #a0ffff;">httpd 灝卞彲浠ヨ窡騫沖父涓妯g殑閬嬩綔浜?br> 閭e鏋滄垜鍊戣鍟熺敤 SELinux 涓旇畵 httpd 涔熷彲浠ユ甯擱亱浣滃憿錛?br> 鑸夊嬩緥瀛愪締瑾?

[root@acer:~] pwd
/root
[root@acer:~] echo "" > index.php
[root@acer:~] mv index.php /var/www/html/
`index.php' -> `/var/www/html/index.php'
[root@acer:~]

鍦ㄤ笂榪扮殑鎸囦護涓紝鎴戝湪 root 鐨?$HOME 鐩寗涓嬬敘鐢熶簡涓鍊?index.php 鐨勬獢妗堬紝鍏у鐐洪’紺?phpinfo
鐒跺緦鎶婂啀鎶婇欏嬫獢妗堟惉縐誨埌 /var/www/html 鐩寗搴曚笅錛岀劧寰岄枊 browser 渚嗙忚 http://localhost/index.php 閫欏嬮爜闈紝寰楀埌鐨勭暙闈㈠嵒鏄?

Forbidden

You don't have permission to access /index.php on this server.

Additionally, a 403 Forbidden error was encountered while trying to use an ErrorDocument to handle the request.

娌掗尟錛岀劇娉曞瓨鍙栵紝鎴戝戜締鐪嬩竴鐪嬪埌搴曟槸鎬庨杭鍥炰簨:

[root@acer:~] ls -Z /var/www/html/index.php
-rw-r--r-- root root root:object_r:user_home_t /var/www/html/index.php
[root@acer:~]
[root@acer:~] ls -Z /var/www/
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_script_exec_t cgi-bin/
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t error/
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t html/
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t icons/
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t manual/

鍥犵偤 index.php 鐨?content type 鐐?user_home_t 鑰屼笉鏄?httpd_sys_content_t 鎵浠ョ劇娉曞瓨鍙?br> 鍥犳錛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ュ煼琛?

[root@acer:~] chcon -u system_u -t httpd_sys_content_t /var/www/html/index.php
[root@acer:~] ls -Z /var/www/html/index.php
-rw-r--r-- root root system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t /var/www/html/index.php

璜嬪啀闁嬩竴嬈?browser (or reload)錛岀従鍦ㄦ槸涓嶆槸鍙互姝e父瀛樺彇 index.php 闋侀潰浜嗗憿錛?/p>

鍐嶇湅鍙︿竴鍊嬩緥瀛?

[root@acer:~] wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
--13:36:59-- http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
=> `latest.tar.gz'
Resolving wordpress.org... 72.232.44.122
Connecting to wordpress.org|72.232.44.122|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: unspecified [application/octet-stream]

[ ] 505,475 90.49K/s

13:37:07 (90.28 KB/s) - `latest.tar.gz' saved [505475]

[root@acer:~] tar zxf latest.tar.gz
[root@acer:~] mv wordpress /var/www/html/wp
`wordpress' -> `/var/www/html/wp'

鐎忚 http://localhost/wp/ 鐨勭祼鏋滀竴妯h鎷掔禃瀛樺彇錛屽洜鐐?content 鐨勫晱欏?/p>

[root@acer:~] ls -dZ /var/www/html/wp
drwxr-xr-x 1025 1011 root:object_r:user_home_t /var/www/html/wp/

鍚屾ǎ鐨勶紝鎴戝戝彲浠ョ敤 chone -R 鎸囦護渚嗕慨姝?content

[root@acer:~] chcon -R -u system_u -t httpd_sys_content_t /var/www/html/wp/

鎴栨槸浣跨敤 fixfiles restore 鎸囦護涔熷彲浠?/p>

[root@acer:~] fixfiles restore /var/www/html/wp/

淇閬庡緦鐨勭媭娉?

[root@acer:~] ls -dZ /var/www/html/wp
drwxr-xr-x apache apache system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t /var/www/html/wp/

鐩擱棞鍙冭冩枃浠?/h3>

http://linux.vbird.org/somepaper/20050801_SELinux.pdf
http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/SELinux
http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/selinux-faq/
http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/RHEL-4-Manual/selinux-guide/
http://www.redhat.com/magazine/001nov04/features/selinux/
http://www.redhat.com/magazine/006apr05/features/selinux/
http://www.tresys.com/selinux/index.shtml
http://www.nsa.gov/selinux/


from錛?/a>

http://blog.chinaunix.net/u1/38576/showart_1926391.html



chatler 2010-04-01 17:22 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>Linux鏂囦歡緋葷粺ACLs鏉冮檺鎺у埗http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/01/28/106632.htmlchatlerchatlerThu, 28 Jan 2010 07:02:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/01/28/106632.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/106632.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/01/28/106632.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/106632.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/106632.html

Linux鏂囦歡緋葷粺緇欐墍鏈夎咃紙owner錛夈佹墍鏈夌粍錛坥wning group錛夈佸叾瀹冿紙other錛夋瘡涓綾葷敤鎴峰垎鍒畾涔変簡鐨剅wx鏉冮檺錛屼笖鏄郊姝ょ嫭绔嬬殑銆傝櫧鐒禠inux鏈変篃Linux鐗規畩鏂囦歡鏉冮檺鐨勫姛鑳芥敮鎸侊紝浣嗚鍍忓湪Windows涓嬫妸鏉冮檺鎺у埗鍙互綺劇‘鍒扮敤鎴峰拰緇勶紙濡傚厑璁告煇涓枃浠跺厑璁告煇涓鐗規畩鐢ㄦ埛淇敼錛屽厑璁告煇涓緇勭殑鐢ㄦ埛鍙互鏌ョ湅絳夛級涓鏍風伒媧伙紝榪欎簺鏄劇劧榪樹笉澶熴備護浜烘鎱扮殑鏄紝Linux涔熸湁ACLs鏉冮檺鎺у埗鐨勬敮鎸侊紝鍦↙inux涓瑼CLs鍦≧eiserFS,Ext2,Ext3,JFS,XFS絳夋枃浠剁郴緇熶腑鍙楀埌鏀寔銆?/p>

淇敼鏂囦歡ACL錛歴etfacl -m u:tux:rw file鍏佽鐢ㄦ埛tux璇誨啓file鏂囦歡

鏌ョ湅鏂囦歡ACL錛歡etfacl file

浣跨敤浜咥CL鐨勬枃浠訛紝閫氳繃ls -l鍛戒護鏉ユ煡鐪嬫潈闄愭椂錛屽悗闈細鏈変竴涓?#8220;+”鍙鳳紝group鐨勬潈闄愪細鏈夊彉鍖栵紙浣跨敤浜咥CL mask鏉冮檺錛夈?/p>

鏂囦歡浣跨敤ACL鍚庯紝鏉冮檺瑙掕壊鏈夊涓嬪嚑縐嶇被鍨嬶細

鏈灝忓寲ACL錛?/p>

owning user

owning group

other

鎵╁睍ACL錛?/p>

鍙互鍖呭惈鑻ュ共涓璞★細named user錛堣緗崟鐙敤鎴風殑璁塊棶鏉冮檺錛夈乶amed group錛堣緗崟鐙兢緇勭殑璁塊棶鏉冮檺錛?/p>

鍖呭惈涓涓猰ask錛堥檺鍒秐amed users 鍜?named groups鐨勬潈闄愶級

涓句緥璇存槑濡備笅錛?/p>

owner user::rwx

named user user:name:rwx

owning  group group ::rwx

named group group :nam e:rwx

mask mask::rwx

other other::rwx

瀹氫箟鍦╫wner銆乷ther閲岀殑鏉冮檺涓鐩撮兘鏄湁鏁堢殑錛屽叾瀹冩潈闄愬彲鑳界敤鏁堟垨鑰呰闅愯斀銆?/p>

named user涓巒amed group鐨勫兼槸鍚︾敓鏁堬紝榪樿鐪嬪叾鍊間笌mask鐨?#8220;涓?#8221;鍊鹼紝鍗砿ask涔熻鏈夎鏉冮檺錛屾墠鑳界敓鏁堛?/p>

mask鐨勫間竴鑸槸涓巓wning group涓鑷寸殑錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃淇敼owning group鐨勫兼潵淇敼mask銆?/p>

涓句緥璇存槑濡備笅錛?/p>

linux-canbeing:/home/canbeing/temp # getfacl my

# file: my

# owner: canbeing

# group: users

user::rw-

user:canbeing:rwx#effective:r-x   w娌℃湁鐢熸晥

group::r--

mask::r-x

other::r--

瀛愮洰褰曚細緇ф壙鐖剁洰褰曠殑ACL銆?/p>

濡傛灉鐖剁洰褰曟湁ACL錛屽垯鍒涘緩鏂版枃浠舵垨鑰呮枃浠跺す鏃訛紝榛樿鏉冮檺涓嶄細鏍規嵁umask鏉ヨ綆楋紝鑰屾槸緇ф壙鎴栬呮牴鎹懡浠ゅ弬鏁般?/p>

浣跨敤setfacl -d -m u:canbeing:rw /tmp/acl_test/  鍒欐鏉冮檺浼氬緱鍒板瓙鐩綍鍙婃枃浠剁殑緇ф壙錛堟潈闄愪互default寮澶達級

linux-canbeing:/tmp/acl_test # getfacl /tmp/acl_test/

getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names

# file: tmp/acl_test/

# owner: root

# group: root

user::rwx

user:canbeing:rwx

group::---

mask::rwx

other::---

default:user::rwx

default:user:canbeing:rw-

default:group::---

default:mask::rw-

default:other::---

from:


chatler 2010-01-28 15:02 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>wget curl c鏌ョ湅web鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ俊鎭?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/01/21/106141.html</link><dc:creator>chatler</dc:creator><author>chatler</author><pubDate>Thu, 21 Jan 2010 07:59:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/01/21/106141.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/106141.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/01/21/106141.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/106141.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/106141.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[鏉ユ簮浜嶤U鐨勪竴涓笘瀛?闂浣曟煡鐪媤eb<a class="channel_keylink" target="_blank">鏈嶅姟鍣?/a>淇℃伅,蹇界劧鎯寵搗鑷繁濂藉儚涔熸瘮杈冩兂鐭ラ亾,閬俫oogle涔? <p>銆銆[root@dbrg-2 ~]# curl -I <a >www.baidu.com</a></p> <p>銆銆HTTP/1.1 200 OK</p> <p>銆銆Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 02:51:19 GMT</p> <p>銆銆Server: BWS/1.0</p> <p>銆銆Content-Length: 3509</p> <p>銆銆Content-Type: text/html</p> <p>銆銆Cache-Control: private</p> <p>銆銆Expires: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 02:51:19 GMT</p> <p>銆銆Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=0D5F54C0853B7C38D6BD3A3E5EA63C44:FG=1; expires=Wed, 29-Jul-39 02:51:19 GMT; path=/; domain=.baidu.com</p> <p>銆銆P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "</p> <p>銆銆[root@dbrg-2 ~]# wget -S --spider <a >www.baidu.com</a></p> <p>銆銆--10:51:34-- <a >http://www.baidu.com/</a></p> <p>銆銆=> `index.html</p> <p>銆銆閭d箞宸ュ叿鏄疄鐜頒簡,濡備綍鐢╟鏉ュ疄鐜板憿... 鍏跺疄涔熷緢綆鍗?鎴戝垰寮濮嬭繕璧頒簡鐐瑰集璺兂鐨勬槸鍘繪煡鐪媤get or curl鐨勬簮鐮?濂堜綍閭g浠g爜鐩鎬簰涔嬮棿渚濊禆鎬уお寮哄疄鍦ㄤ笉鏄撻槄璇?浜庢槸鑷繁鐢╳ireshark鎶撳寘, so easy!!!!鏈夊叴瓚g殑鑷繁鍘繪姄涓?/p> <p>銆銆#include <stdio.h></p> <p>銆銆#include <stdlib.h></p> <p>銆銆#include <unistd.h></p> <p>銆銆#include <string.h></p> <p>銆銆#include <sys/socket.h></p> <p>銆銆#include <netinet/in.h></p> <p>銆銆#include <netdb.h></p> <p>銆銆#define HTTPPORT 80</p> <p>銆銆char* head =</p> <p>銆銆"HEAD / HTTP/1.0\r\n"</p> <p>銆銆"Accept: */*\r\n"</p> <p>銆銆"User-Agent: Wget/1.10.2 (Red Hat modified)\r\n"</p> <p>銆銆"Host:127.0.0.1\r\n"</p> <p>銆銆"Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n\r\n";</p> <p>銆銆int connect_URL(char *domain,int port)</p> <p>銆銆{</p> <p>銆銆int sock;</p> <p>銆銆struct hostent * host;</p> <p>銆銆struct sockaddr_in server;</p> <p>銆銆host = gethostbyname(domain);</p> <p>銆銆if (host == NULL)</p> <p>銆銆{</p> <p>銆銆printf("gethostbyname error\n");</p> <p>銆銆return -2;</p> <p>銆銆}</p> <p>sock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); </p> <p>銆銆if (sock < 0)</p> <p>銆銆{</p> <p>銆銆printf("invalid socket\n");</p> <p>銆銆return -1;</p> <p>銆銆}</p> <p>銆銆memset(&server,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));</p> <p>銆銆memcpy(&server.sin_addr,host->h_addr_list[0],host->h_length);</p> <p>銆銆server.sin_family = AF_INET;</p> <p>銆銆server.sin_port = htons(port);</p> <p>銆銆return (connect(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&server,sizeof(struct sockaddr)) <0) ? -1 : sock;</p> <p>銆銆}</p> <p>銆銆int main()</p> <p>銆銆{</p> <p>銆銆int sock;</p> <p>銆銆int ret;</p> <p>銆銆char buf[100];</p> <p>銆銆char *domain = "127.0.0.1";</p> <p>銆銆FILE* fp = fopen("test","w+");</p> <p>銆銆if(NULL == fp){</p> <p>銆銆printf("can't open stockcode file!\n");</p> <p>銆銆return -1;</p> <p>銆銆}</p> <p>銆銆sock = connect_URL(domain,HTTPPORT);</p> <p>銆銆if (sock <0){</p> <p>銆銆printf("connetc err\n");</p> <p>銆銆return -1;</p> <p>銆銆}</p> <p>銆銆send(sock,head,strlen(head),0);</p> <p>銆銆while(1)</p> <p>銆銆{</p> <p>銆銆if((ret=recv(sock,buf,100-1,0))<1)</p> <p>銆銆break;</p> <p>銆銆buf[ret]='\0';</p> <p>銆銆printf("%s", buf);</p> <p>銆銆fprintf(fp,"%s",buf); //save http data</p> <p>銆銆}</p> <p>銆銆fclose(fp);</p> <p>銆銆close(sock);</p> <p>銆銆//printf("bye!\n");</p> <p>銆銆return 0;</p> <p>銆銆}</p> <p><br></p> <p>from:</p> <p>http://linux.chinaitlab.com/server/800420_2.html<br></p> <p><br></p><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/aggbug/106141.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/" target="_blank">chatler</a> 2010-01-21 15:59 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/01/21/106141.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>linux涓嬬殑nc鍛戒護http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/01/12/105513.htmlchatlerchatlerTue, 12 Jan 2010 13:14:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/01/12/105513.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/105513.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/01/12/105513.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/105513.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/105513.html

linux涓嬬殑nc鍛戒護涓紝-l鍚庤窡闅忕洃鍚鍙o紝-p鍚庤窡闅忎笌鐩爣涓繪満寤虹珛榪炴帴鏃剁殑鏈湴绔彛錛屼簩鑰呬笉鍙兘鍚屾椂浣跨敤銆?br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; ">

 

nc -l 1234

nc 127.0.0.1 1234
鍦ㄧ鍙?234寤虹珛榪炴帴錛屼簰鐩稿彂閫佽緭鍏?br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; ">
nc -p 1234 -w 5 host.example.com 80
寤虹珛浠庢湰鍦?234绔彛鍒癶ost.example.com鐨?0绔彛榪炴帴錛?縐掕秴鏃?br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; ">nc -u host.example.com 53
u涓篣DP榪炴帴

echo -n "GET / HTTP/1.0"r"n"r"n" | nc host.example.com 80
榪炴帴鍒頒富鏈哄茍鎵ц

nc -v -z host.example.com 70-80
鎵弿绔彛(70鍒?0)錛屽彲鎸囧畾鑼冨洿銆?v杈撳嚭璇︾粏淇℃伅銆?/span>

杞嚜錛?/span>


chatler 2010-01-12 21:14 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
Linux緋葷粺鎬ц兘鎸囨爣浠嬬粛http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/01/11/105438.htmlchatlerchatlerMon, 11 Jan 2010 14:07:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/01/11/105438.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/105438.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2010/01/11/105438.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/105438.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/105438.html杞嚜Andrew(http://andrew913.javaeye.com/blog/431259)

鍦ㄦ垜浠粙緇峀inux緋葷粺鐨勫悇 縐嶈皟浼樺弬鏁板拰鎬ц兘鐩戞祴宸ュ叿涔嬪墠錛岄渶瑕佸厛璁ㄨ涓浜涘叧浜庢ц兘璋冧紭鐨勫弬鏁般傚洜涓篖inux鏄竴涓紑婧愭搷浣滅郴緇燂紝鎵浠ュ張澶ч噺鍙敤鐨勬ц兘鐩戞祴宸ュ叿銆傚榪欎簺宸ュ叿鐨勯夋嫨 鍙栧喅浜庝綘鐨勪釜浜哄枩濂藉拰瀵規暟鎹粏鑺傜殑瑕佹眰銆傛墍鏈夌殑鎬ц兘鐩戞祴宸ュ叿閮芥槸鎸夌収鍚屾牱鐨勮鍒欐潵宸ヤ綔鐨勶紝鎵浠ユ棤璁轟綘浣跨敤鍝鐩戞祴宸ュ叿閮介渶瑕佺悊瑙h繖浜涘弬鏁般備笅闈㈠垪鍑轟簡涓浜?閲嶈鐨勫弬鏁幫紝鏈夋晥鐨勭悊瑙e畠浠槸寰堟湁鐢ㄥ鐨勩?nbsp;
錛?錛夊鐞嗗櫒鍙傛暟 
CPU utilization 
榪欐槸涓涓緢綆鍗曠殑鍙傛暟錛屽畠鐩磋鐨勬弿榪頒簡姣忎釜CPU鐨勫埄鐢ㄧ巼銆傚湪xSeries鏋舵瀯涓紝濡傛灉CPU鐨勫埄鐢ㄧ巼闀挎椂闂寸殑瓚呰繃80錛咃紝灝卞彲鑳芥槸鍑虹幇浜嗗鐞嗗櫒鐨勭摱棰堛?nbsp;

Runable processes 
榪欎釜鍊兼弿榪頒簡姝e湪鍑嗗琚墽琛岀殑榪涚▼錛屽湪涓涓寔緇椂闂撮噷榪欎釜鍊間笉搴旇瓚呰繃鐗╃悊CPU鏁伴噺鐨?0鍊嶏紝鍚﹀垯CPU鏂歸潰灝卞彲鑳藉瓨鍦ㄧ摱棰堛?nbsp;

Blocked 
鎻忚堪浜嗛偅浜涘洜涓虹瓑寰匢/O鎿嶄綔緇撴潫鑰屼笉鑳借鎵ц鐨勮繘紼嬶紝Blocked鍙兘鎸囧嚭浣犳闈復I/O鐡墮銆?nbsp;

User time 
鎻忚堪浜嗗鐞嗙敤鎴瘋繘紼嬬殑鐧懼垎姣旓紝鍖呮嫭nice time銆傚鏋淯ser time鐨勫煎緢楂橈紝璇存槑緋葷粺鎬ц兘鐢ㄥ湪澶勭悊瀹為檯鐨勫伐浣溿?nbsp;

System time 
鎻忚堪浜咰PU鑺辮垂鍦ㄥ鐞嗗唴鏍告搷浣滃寘鎷琁RQ鍜岃蔣浠朵腑鏂笂闈㈢殑鐧懼垎姣斻傚鏋渟ystem time寰堥珮璇存槑緋葷粺鍙兘瀛樺湪緗戠粶鎴栬呴┍鍔ㄥ爢鏍堟柟闈㈢殑鐡墮銆備竴涓郴緇熼氬父鍙姳璐瑰緢灝戠殑鏃墮棿鍘誨鐞嗗唴鏍哥殑鎿嶄綔銆?nbsp;

Idle time 
鎻忚堪浜咰PU絀洪棽鐨勭櫨鍒嗘瘮銆?nbsp;

Nice time 
鎻忚堪浜咰PU鑺辮垂鍦ㄥ鐞唕e-nicing榪涚▼鐨勭櫨鍒嗘瘮銆?nbsp;

Context switch 
緋葷粺涓嚎紼嬩箣闂磋繘琛屼氦鎹㈢殑鏁伴噺銆?nbsp;

Waiting 
CPU鑺辮垂鍦ㄧ瓑寰匢/O鎿嶄綔涓婄殑鎬繪椂闂達紝涓巄locked鐩鎬技錛屼竴涓郴緇熶笉搴旇鑺辮垂澶鐨勬椂闂村湪絳夊緟I/O鎿嶄綔涓婏紝鍚﹀垯浣犲簲璇ヨ繘涓姝ユ嫻婭/O瀛愮郴緇熸槸鍚﹀瓨鍦ㄧ摱棰堛?nbsp;

Interrupts 
Interrupts 鍊煎寘鎷‖Interrupts鍜岃蔣Interrupts錛岀‖Interrupts浼氬緋葷粺鎬ц兘甯︽潵鏇村鐨勪笉鍒╁獎鍝嶃傞珮鐨処nterrupts鍊兼寚鍑虹郴緇熷彲 鑳藉瓨鍦ㄤ竴涓蔣浠剁殑鐡墮錛屽彲鑳芥槸鍐呮牳鎴栬呴┍鍔ㄧ▼搴忋傛敞鎰廔nterrupts鍊間腑鍖呮嫭CPU鏃墮挓瀵艱嚧鐨勪腑鏂紙鐜頒唬鐨剎Server緋葷粺姣忕1000涓?Interrupts鍊鹼級銆?nbsp;
錛?錛夊唴瀛樺弬鏁?nbsp;
Free memory 
鐩告瘮鍏朵粬鎿嶄綔緋葷粺錛孡inux絀洪棽鍐呭瓨鐨勫間笉搴旇鍋氫負涓涓ц兘鍙傝冪殑閲嶈鎸囨爣錛屽洜涓哄氨鍍忔垜浠箣鍓嶆彁鍒拌繃鐨勶紝Linux鍐呮牳浼氬垎閰嶅ぇ閲忔病鏈夎浣跨敤鐨勫唴瀛樹綔涓烘枃浠剁郴緇熺殑緙撳瓨錛屾墍浠ヨ繖涓奸氬父閮芥瘮杈冨皬銆?nbsp;

Swap usage 
榪?涓兼弿榪頒簡宸茬粡琚嬌鐢ㄧ殑swap絀洪棿銆係wap usage鍙〃紺轟簡Linux綆$悊鍐呭瓨鐨勬湁鏁堟с傚璇嗗埆鍐呭瓨鐡墮鏉ヨ錛孲wap In/Out鎵嶆槸涓涓瘮杈冨張鎰忎箟鐨勪緷鎹紝濡傛灉Swap In/Out鐨勫奸暱鏈熶繚鎸佸湪姣忕200鍒?00涓〉闈㈤氬父灝辮〃紺虹郴緇熷彲鑳藉瓨鍦ㄥ唴瀛樼殑鐡墮銆?nbsp;

Buffer and cache 
榪?涓兼弿榪頒簡涓烘枃浠剁郴緇熷拰鍧楄澶囧垎閰嶇殑緙撳瓨銆傛敞鎰忓湪Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3鍜屾洿鏃╀竴浜涚殑鐗堟湰涓紝澶ч儴鍒嗙┖闂插唴瀛樹細琚垎閰嶄綔涓虹紦瀛樹嬌鐢ㄣ傚湪Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4浠ュ悗鐨勭増鏈腑,浣犲彲浠ラ氳繃淇敼/proc/sys/vm涓殑page_cache_tuning鏉ヨ皟鏁寸┖闂插唴瀛樹腑浣滀負緙撳瓨鐨勬暟閲忋?nbsp;

Slabs 
鎻忚堪浜嗗唴鏍鎬嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍐呭瓨絀洪棿錛屾敞鎰忓唴鏍哥殑欏甸潰鏄笉鑳借浜ゆ崲鍒扮鐩樹笂鐨勩?nbsp;

Active versus inactive memory 
鎻愪緵浜嗗叧浜庣郴緇熷唴瀛樼殑active鍐呭瓨淇℃伅錛孖nactive鍐呭瓨鏄kswapd瀹堟姢榪涚▼浜ゆ崲鍒扮鐩樹笂鐨勭┖闂淬?nbsp;
錛?錛夌綉緇滃弬鏁?nbsp;
Packets received and sent 
榪欎釜鍙傛暟琛ㄧず浜嗕竴涓寚瀹氱綉鍗℃帴鏀跺拰鍙戦佺殑鏁版嵁鍖呯殑鏁伴噺銆?nbsp;

Bytes received and sent 
榪欎釜鍙傛暟琛ㄧず浜嗕竴涓寚瀹氱綉鍗℃帴鏀跺拰鍙戦佺殑鏁版嵁鍖呯殑瀛楄妭鏁般?nbsp;

Collisions per second 
榪欎釜鍊兼彁渚涗簡鍙戠敓鍦ㄦ寚瀹氱綉鍗′笂鐨勭綉緇滃啿紿佺殑鏁伴噺銆傛寔緇殑鍑虹幇榪欎釜鍊間唬琛ㄥ湪緗戠粶鏋舵瀯涓婂嚭鐜頒簡鐡墮錛岃屼笉鏄湪鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ鍑虹幇鐨勯棶棰樸傚湪姝e父閰嶇疆鐨勭綉緇滀腑鍐茬獊鏄潪甯稿皯瑙佺殑錛岄櫎闈炵敤鎴風殑緗戠粶鐜閮芥槸鐢県ub緇勬垚銆?nbsp;

Packets dropped 
榪欎釜鍊艱〃紺轟簡琚唴鏍鎬涪鎺夌殑鏁版嵁鍖呮暟閲忥紝鍙兘鏄洜涓洪槻鐏鎴栬呮槸緗戠粶緙撳瓨鐨勭己涔忋?nbsp;

Overruns 
Overruns琛ㄨ揪浜嗚秴鍑虹綉緇滄帴鍙g紦瀛樼殑嬈℃暟錛岃繖涓弬鏁板簲璇ュ拰packets dropped鍊艱仈緋誨埌涓璧鋒潵鍒ゆ柇鏄惁瀛樺湪鍦ㄧ綉緇滅紦瀛樻垨鑰呯綉緇滈槦鍒楄繃闀挎柟闈㈢殑鐡墮銆?nbsp;

Errors 
榪欎釜鍊艱褰曚簡鏍囧織涓哄け璐ョ殑甯х殑鏁伴噺銆傝繖涓彲鑳界敱閿欒鐨勭綉緇滈厤緗垨鑰呴儴鍒嗙綉綰挎崯鍧忓鑷達紝鍦ㄩ摐鍙e崈鍏嗕互澶綉鐜涓儴鍒嗙綉綰跨殑鎹熷鏄獎鍝嶆ц兘鐨勪竴涓噸瑕佸洜绱犮?nbsp;
錛?錛夊潡璁懼鍙傛暟 
Iowait 
CPU絳夊緟I/O鎿嶄綔鎵鑺辮垂鐨勬椂闂淬傝繖涓兼寔緇緢楂橀氬父鍙兘鏄疘/O鐡墮鎵瀵艱嚧鐨勩?nbsp;

Average queue length 
I/O璇鋒眰鐨勬暟閲忥紝閫氬父涓涓鐩橀槦鍒楀間負2鍒?涓烘渶浣蟲儏鍐碉紝鏇撮珮鐨勫艱鏄庣郴緇熷彲鑳藉瓨鍦↖/O鐡墮銆?nbsp;

Average wait 
鍝嶅簲涓涓狪/O鎿嶄綔鐨勫鉤鍧囨椂闂淬侫verage wait鍖呮嫭瀹為檯I/O鎿嶄綔鐨勬椂闂村拰鍦↖/O闃熷垪閲岀瓑寰呯殑鏃墮棿銆?nbsp;

Transfers per second 
鎻忚堪姣忕鎵ц澶氬皯嬈/O鎿嶄綔錛堝寘鎷鍜屽啓錛夈俆ransfers per second鐨勫間笌kBytes per second緇撳悎璧鋒潵鍙互甯姪浣犱及璁$郴緇熺殑騫沖潎浼犺緭鍧楀ぇ灝忥紝榪欎釜浼犺緭鍧楀ぇ灝忛氬父鍜岀鐩樺瓙緋葷粺鐨勬潯甯﹀寲澶у皬鐩哥鍚堝彲浠ヨ幏寰楁渶濂界殑鎬ц兘銆?nbsp;

Blocks read/write per second 
榪欎釜鍊艱〃杈句簡姣忕璇誨啓鐨刡locks鏁伴噺錛屽湪2.6鍐呮牳涓璪locks鏄?024bytes錛屽湪鏃╀簺鐨勫唴鏍哥増鏈腑blocks鍙互鏄笉鍚岀殑澶у皬錛屼粠512bytes鍒?kb銆?nbsp;

Kilobytes per second read/write 
鎸夌収kb涓哄崟浣嶈〃紺鴻鍐欏潡璁懼鐨勫疄闄呮暟鎹殑鏁伴噺銆?/span>
杞嚜錛?/span>


chatler 2010-01-11 22:07 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
Suse闃茬伀澧欎慨鏀圭鍙?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/25/104032.html</link><dc:creator>chatler</dc:creator><author>chatler</author><pubDate>Fri, 25 Dec 2009 03:33:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/25/104032.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/104032.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/25/104032.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/104032.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/104032.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<div class="hvzpftn" id="fileContent">鎵嬪姩淇敼錛?br>#vi /etc/sysconfig/SuSEfirewall2<br><br>#TCP绔彛鐨勬儏鍐碉細瀵逛笉鍚岀殑绔彛錛岀敤絀烘牸闅斿紑錛岀敤‘|’涓嶇鐢?br>FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP = "6000"<br>#UDP绔彛鐨勬儏鍐碉細<br>FW_SERVICES_EXT_UDP = "177"<br>闃茬伀澧欒緗殑鐢熸晥錛?br>#rcSuSEfirewall2 restart</div><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/aggbug/104032.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/" target="_blank">chatler</a> 2009-12-25 11:33 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/25/104032.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Linux蹇呭鐨勭綉緇滄搷浣滃懡浠?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/19/103551.html</link><dc:creator>chatler</dc:creator><author>chatler</author><pubDate>Sat, 19 Dec 2009 15:22:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/19/103551.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/103551.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/19/103551.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/103551.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/103551.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[鍥犱負Linux緋葷粺鏄湪Internet涓婅搗婧愬拰鍙戝睍鐨勶紝瀹冧笌鐢熶勘鏉ユ嫢鏈夊己澶х殑緗戠粶鍔熻兘鍜屼赴瀵岀殑緗戠粶搴旂敤杞歡錛屽挨鍏舵槸TCP/IP緗戠粶鍗忚鐨勫疄鐜板挨涓烘垚鐔熴侺inux鐨勭綉緇滃懡浠ゆ瘮杈冨錛屽叾涓竴浜涘懡浠ゅ儚ping銆乫tp銆乼elnet銆乺oute銆乶etstat絳夊湪鍏跺畠鎿嶄綔緋葷粺涓婁篃鑳界湅鍒幫紝浣嗕篃鏈変竴浜沀nix/Linux緋葷粺鐙湁鐨勫懡浠わ紝濡俰fconfig銆乫inger銆乵ail絳夈侺inux緗戠粶鎿嶄綔鍛戒護鐨勪竴涓壒鐐規槸錛屽懡浠ゅ弬鏁伴夐」鍜屽姛鑳藉緢澶氾紝涓涓懡浠ゅ線寰榪樺彲浠ュ疄鐜板叾瀹冨懡浠ょ殑鍔熻兘銆?<br><br>    ifconfig<br><br>     1.浣滅敤<br>     ifconfig鐢ㄤ簬鏌ョ湅鍜屾洿鏀圭綉緇滄帴鍙g殑鍦板潃鍜屽弬鏁幫紝鍖呮嫭IP鍦板潃銆佺綉緇滄帺鐮併佸箍鎾湴鍧錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛銆?br><br>     2.鏍煎紡<br>     ifconfig -interface [options] address<br><br>     3.涓昏鍙傛暟<br><br>-interface錛氭寚瀹氱殑緗戠粶鎺ュ彛鍚嶏紝濡俥th0鍜宔th1銆?br>up錛氭縺媧繪寚瀹氱殑緗戠粶鎺ュ彛鍗°?br>down錛氬叧闂寚瀹氱殑緗戠粶鎺ュ彛銆?br>broadcast address錛氳緗帴鍙g殑騫挎挱鍦板潃銆?br>pointopoint錛氬惎鐢ㄧ偣瀵圭偣鏂瑰紡銆?br>address錛氳緗寚瀹氭帴鍙h澶囩殑IP鍦板潃銆?br>netmask address錛氳緗帴鍙g殑瀛愮綉鎺╃爜銆?br><br><br>     4.搴旂敤璇存槑<br>     ifconfig鏄敤鏉ヨ緗拰閰嶇疆緗戝崱鐨勫懡浠よ宸ュ叿銆備負浜嗘墜宸ラ厤緗綉緇滐紝榪欐槸涓涓繀欏繪帉鎻$殑鍛戒護銆備嬌鐢ㄨ鍛戒護鐨勫ソ澶勬槸鏃犻』閲嶆柊鍚姩鏈哄櫒銆傝璧嬬粰eth0鎺ュ彛IP鍦板潃207.164.186.2錛屽茍涓旈┈涓婃縺媧誨畠錛屼嬌鐢ㄤ笅闈㈠懡浠わ細<br>     #fconfig eth0 210.34.6.89 netmask 255.255.255.128 broadcast 210.34.6.127<br><br>     璇ュ懡浠ょ殑浣滅敤鏄緗綉鍗th0鐨処P鍦板潃銆佺綉緇滄帺鐮佸拰緗戠粶鐨勬湰鍦板箍鎾湴鍧銆傝嫢榪愯涓嶅甫浠諱綍鍙傛暟鐨刬fconfig鍛戒護錛岃繖涓懡浠ゅ皢鏄劇ず鏈哄櫒鎵鏈夋縺媧繪帴鍙g殑淇℃伅銆傚甫鏈?#8220;-a”鍙傛暟鐨勫懡浠ゅ垯鏄劇ず鎵鏈夋帴鍙g殑淇℃伅錛屽寘鎷病鏈夋縺媧葷殑鎺ュ彛銆傛敞鎰忥紝鐢╥fconfig鍛戒護閰嶇疆鐨勭綉緇滆澶囧弬鏁幫紝鏈哄櫒閲嶆柊鍚姩浠ュ悗灝嗕細涓㈠け銆?br>     濡傛灉瑕佹殏鍋滄煇涓綉緇滄帴鍙g殑宸ヤ綔錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╠own鍙傛暟錛?br>#ifconfig eth0 down<br><br>    ip<br><br>     1.浣滅敤<br>     ip鏄痠proute2杞歡鍖呴噷闈㈢殑涓涓己澶х殑緗戠粶閰嶇疆宸ュ叿錛屽畠鑳藉鏇夸唬涓浜涗紶緇熺殑緗戠粶綆$悊宸ュ叿錛屼緥濡俰fconfig銆乺oute絳夛紝浣跨敤鏉冮檺涓鴻秴綰х敤鎴楓傚嚑涔庢墍鏈夌殑Linux鍙戣鐗堟湰閮芥敮鎸佽鍛戒護銆?br><br>     2.鏍煎紡<br>ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT [COMMAND [ARGUMENTS]]<br><br>     3.涓昏鍙傛暟<br>     OPTIONS鏄慨鏀筰p琛屼負鎴栨敼鍙樺叾杈撳嚭鐨勯夐」銆傛墍鏈夌殑閫夐」閮芥槸浠?瀛楃寮澶達紝鍒嗕負闀褲佺煭涓ょ褰㈠紡銆傜洰鍓嶏紝ip鏀寔濡傝〃1鎵紺洪夐」銆?br><br>     OBJECT鏄綆$悊鑰呰幏鍙栦俊鎭殑瀵硅薄銆傜洰鍓峣p璁よ瘑鐨勫璞¤琛?鎵紺恒?br><br>     琛? ip鏀寔鐨勯夐」<br><br>-V,-Version    鎵撳嵃ip鐨勭増鏈茍閫鍑恒?br>-s,-stats,-statistics    杈撳嚭鏇翠負璇﹀敖鐨勪俊鎭傚鏋滆繖涓夐」鍑虹幇涓ゆ鎴栧嬈★紝鍒欒緭鍑虹殑淇℃伅灝嗘洿涓鴻灝姐?br>-f,-family    榪欎釜閫夐」鍚庨潰鎺ュ崗璁綾伙紝鍖呮嫭inet銆乮net6鎴杔ink錛屽己璋冧嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍗忚縐嶇被銆傚鏋滄病鏈夎凍澶熺殑淇℃伅鍛婅瘔ip浣跨敤鐨勫崗璁綾伙紝ip灝變細浣跨敤榛樿鍊糹net鎴朼ny銆俵ink姣旇緝鐗規畩錛屽畠琛ㄧず涓嶆秹鍙婁換浣曠綉緇滃崗璁?br>-4    鏄?family inet鐨勭畝鍐欍?br>-6    鏄?family inet6鐨勭畝鍐欍?br>-0    鏄?family link鐨勭畝鍐欍?br>-o,-oneline    瀵規瘡琛岃褰曢兘浣跨敤鍗曡杈撳嚭錛屽洖琛岀敤瀛楃浠f浛銆傚鏋滈渶瑕佷嬌鐢╳c銆乬rep絳夊伐鍏峰鐞唅p鐨勮緭鍑猴紝鍒欎細鐢ㄥ埌榪欎釜閫夐」銆?br>-r,-resolve    鏌ヨ鍩熷悕瑙f瀽緋葷粺錛岀敤鑾峰緱鐨勪富鏈哄悕浠f浛涓繪満IP鍦板潃<br><br><br><br><br>     COMMAND璁劇疆閽堝鎸囧畾瀵硅薄鎵ц鐨勬搷浣滐紝瀹冨拰瀵硅薄鐨勭被鍨嬫湁鍏熾備竴鑸儏鍐典笅錛宨p鏀寔瀵硅薄鐨勫鍔?add)銆佸垹闄?delete)鍜屽睍紺?show鎴杔ist)銆傛湁浜涘璞′笉鏀寔榪欎簺鎿嶄綔錛屾垨鑰呮湁鍏跺畠鐨勪竴浜涘懡浠ゃ傚浜庢墍鏈夌殑瀵硅薄錛岀敤鎴峰彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╤elp鍛戒護鑾峰緱甯姪銆傝繖涓懡浠や細鍒楀嚭榪欎釜瀵硅薄鏀寔鐨勫懡浠ゅ拰鍙傛暟鐨勮娉曘傚鏋滄病鏈夋寚瀹氬璞$殑鎿嶄綔鍛戒護錛宨p浼氫嬌鐢ㄩ粯璁ょ殑鍛戒護銆備竴鑸儏鍐典笅錛岄粯璁ゅ懡浠ゆ槸list錛屽鏋滃璞′笉鑳藉垪鍑猴紝灝變細鎵цhelp鍛戒護銆?br><br>     ARGUMENTS鏄懡浠ょ殑涓浜涘弬鏁幫紝瀹冧滑鍊氳禆浜庡璞″拰鍛戒護銆俰p鏀寔涓ょ綾誨瀷鐨勫弬鏁幫細flag鍜宲arameter銆俧lag鐢變竴涓叧閿瘝緇勬垚錛沺arameter鐢變竴涓叧閿瘝鍔犱竴涓暟鍊肩粍鎴愩備負浜嗘柟渚匡紝姣忎釜鍛戒護閮芥湁涓涓彲浠ュ拷鐣ョ殑榛樿鍙傛暟銆備緥濡傦紝鍙傛暟dev鏄痠p link鍛戒護鐨勯粯璁ゅ弬鏁幫紝鍥犳ip link ls eth0絳変簬ip link ls dev eth0銆傛垜浠皢鍦ㄥ悗闈㈢殑璇︾粏浠嬬粛姣忎釜鍛戒護鐨勪嬌鐢紝鍛戒護鐨勯粯璁ゅ弬鏁板皢浣跨敤default鏍囧嚭銆?br><br>     4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥<br>     娣誨姞IP鍦板潃192.168.2.2/24鍒癳th0緗戝崱涓婏細<br>     #ip addr add 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth0<br><br>     涓㈠純婧愬湴鍧灞炰簬192.168.2.0/24緗戠粶鐨勬墍鏈夋暟鎹姤錛?br>     #ip rule add from 192.168.2.0/24 prio 32777 reject<br><br>    ping<br><br>     1.浣滅敤<br>     ping媯嫻嬩富鏈虹綉緇滄帴鍙g姸鎬侊紝浣跨敤鏉冮檺鏄墍鏈夌敤鎴楓?br><br>     2.鏍煎紡<br>     ping [-dfnqrRv][-c][-i][-I][-l][-p][-s][-t] IP鍦板潃<br><br>     3.涓昏鍙傛暟<br><br>-d錛氫嬌鐢⊿ocket鐨凷O_DEBUG鍔熻兘銆?br>-c錛氳緗畬鎴愯姹傚洖搴旂殑嬈℃暟銆?br>-f錛氭瀬闄愭嫻嬨?br>-i錛氭寚瀹氭敹鍙戜俊鎭殑闂撮殧縐掓暟銆?br>-I錛氱綉緇滅晫闈嬌鐢ㄦ寚瀹氱殑緗戠粶鐣岄潰閫佸嚭鏁版嵁鍖呫?br>-l錛氬墠緗澆鍏ワ紝璁劇疆鍦ㄩ佸嚭瑕佹眰淇℃伅涔嬪墠錛屽厛琛屽彂鍑虹殑鏁版嵁鍖呫?br>-n錛氬彧杈撳嚭鏁板箋?br>-p錛氳緗~婊℃暟鎹寘鐨勮寖鏈牱寮忋?br>-q錛氫笉鏄劇ず鎸囦護鎵ц榪囩▼錛屽紑澶村拰緇撳熬鐨勭浉鍏充俊鎭櫎澶栥?br>-r錛氬拷鐣ユ櫘閫氱殑Routing Table錛岀洿鎺ュ皢鏁版嵁鍖呴佸埌榪滅涓繪満涓娿?br>-R錛氳褰曡礬鐢辮繃紼嬨?br>-s錛氳緗暟鎹寘鐨勫ぇ灝忋?br>-t錛氳緗瓨媧繪暟鍊糡TL鐨勫ぇ灝忋?br>-v錛氳緇嗘樉紺烘寚浠ょ殑鎵ц榪囩▼銆?br><br><br>     ping鍛戒護鏄嬌鐢ㄦ渶澶氱殑緗戠粶鎸囦護錛岄氬父鎴戜滑浣跨敤瀹冩嫻嬬綉緇滄槸鍚﹁繛閫氾紝瀹冧嬌鐢↖CMP鍗忚銆備絾鏄湁鏃朵細鏈夎繖鏍風殑鎯呭喌錛屾垜浠彲浠ユ祻瑙堝櫒鏌ョ湅涓涓綉欏碉紝浣嗘槸鍗存棤娉昿ing閫氾紝榪欐槸鍥犱負涓浜涚綉绔欏浜庡畨鍏ㄨ冭檻瀹夎浜嗛槻鐏銆傚彟澶栵紝涔熷彲浠ュ湪鑷繁璁$畻鏈轟笂璇曚竴璇曪紝閫氳繃涓嬮潰鐨勬柟娉曚嬌緋葷粺瀵筽ing娌℃湁鍙嶅簲錛?br># echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all<br><br><br><br>netstat<br><br>     1.浣滅敤<br>     媯鏌ユ暣涓狶inux緗戠粶鐘舵併?br><br>     2.鏍煎紡<br>     netstat [-acCeFghilMnNoprstuvVwx][-A][--ip]<br><br>     3.涓昏鍙傛暟<br><br>-a--all錛氭樉紺烘墍鏈夎繛綰夸腑鐨凷ocket銆?br>-A錛氬垪鍑鴻緗戠粶綾誨瀷榪炵嚎涓殑IP鐩稿叧鍦板潃鍜岀綉緇滅被鍨嬨?br>-c--continuous錛氭寔緇垪鍑虹綉緇滅姸鎬併?br>-C--cache錛氭樉紺鴻礬鐢卞櫒閰嶇疆鐨勫揩鍙栦俊鎭?br>-e--extend錛氭樉紺虹綉緇滃叾瀹冪浉鍏充俊鎭?br>-F--fib錛氭樉紺篎IB銆?br>-g--groups錛氭樉紺哄閲嶅箍鎾姛鑳界兢緇勭粍鍛樺悕鍗曘?br>-h--help錛氬湪綰垮府鍔┿?br>-i--interfaces錛氭樉紺虹綉緇滅晫闈俊鎭〃鍗曘?br>-l--listening錛氭樉紺虹洃鎺т腑鐨勬湇鍔″櫒鐨凷ocket銆?br>-M--masquerade錛氭樉紺轟吉瑁呯殑緗戠粶榪炵嚎銆?br>-n--numeric錛氱洿鎺ヤ嬌鐢↖P鍦板潃錛岃屼笉閫氳繃鍩熷悕鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ?br>-N--netlink--symbolic錛氭樉紺虹綉緇滅‖浠跺鍥磋澶囩殑絎﹀彿榪炴帴鍚嶇О銆?br>-o--timers錛氭樉紺鴻鏃跺櫒銆?br>-p--programs錛氭樉紺烘鍦ㄤ嬌鐢⊿ocket鐨勭▼搴忚瘑鍒爜鍜岀▼搴忓悕縐般?br>-r--route錛氭樉紺篟outing Table銆?br>-s--statistice錛氭樉紺虹綉緇滃伐浣滀俊鎭粺璁¤〃銆?br>-t--tcp錛氭樉紺篢CP浼犺緭鍗忚鐨勮繛綰跨姸鍐點?br>-u--udp錛氭樉紺篣DP浼犺緭鍗忚鐨勮繛綰跨姸鍐點?br>-v--verbose錛氭樉紺烘寚浠ゆ墽琛岃繃紼嬨?br>-V--version錛氭樉紺虹増鏈俊鎭?br>-w--raw錛氭樉紺篟AW浼犺緭鍗忚鐨勮繛綰跨姸鍐點?br>-x--unix錛氬拰鎸囧畾“-A unix”鍙傛暟鐩稿悓銆?br>--ip--inet錛氬拰鎸囧畾“-A inet”鍙傛暟鐩稿悓銆?br><br><br>     4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥<br>     netstat涓昏鐢ㄤ簬Linux瀵熺湅鑷韓鐨勭綉緇滅姸鍐碉紝濡傚紑鍚殑绔彛銆佸湪涓哄摢浜涚敤鎴鋒湇鍔★紝浠ュ強鏈嶅姟鐨勭姸鎬佺瓑銆傛澶栵紝瀹冭繕鏄劇ず緋葷粺璺敱琛ㄣ佺綉緇滄帴鍙g姸鎬佺瓑銆傚彲浠ヨ錛屽畠鏄竴涓患鍚堟х殑緗戠粶鐘舵佺殑瀵熺湅宸ュ叿銆傚湪榛樿鎯呭喌涓嬶紝netstat鍙樉紺哄凡寤虹珛榪炴帴鐨勭鍙c傚鏋滆鏄劇ず澶勪簬鐩戝惉鐘舵佺殑鎵鏈夌鍙o紝浣跨敤-a鍙傛暟鍗沖彲錛?br><br>#netstat -a<br>Active Internet connections (only servers)<br>Proto  Recv-Q   Send-Q    Local Address  Foreign Address  State<br>tcp     0    0   *:32768 *:* LISTEN<br>tcp     0      0   *:32769 *:* LISTEN<br>tcp     0    0   *:nfs *:* LISTEN<br>tcp     0    0   *:32770 *:* LISTEN<br>tcp     0    0   *:868 *:* LISTEN<br>tcp     0    0   *:617 *:* LISTEN<br>tcp     0    0   *:mysql *:* LISTEN<br>tcp     0    0   *:netbios-ssn *:* LISTEN<br>tcp     0    0   *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN<br>tcp     0    0   *:10000 *:* LISTEN<br>tcp     0    0   *:http *:* LISTEN<br>......<br><br><br>     涓婇潰鏄劇ず鍑猴紝榪欏彴涓繪満鍚屾椂鎻愪緵HTTP銆丗TP銆丯FS銆丮ySQL絳夋湇鍔°?br><br>    telnet<br><br>     1.浣滅敤<br>     telnet琛ㄧず寮鍚粓绔満闃舵浣滀笟錛屽茍鐧誨叆榪滅涓繪満銆倀elnet鏄竴涓狶inux鍛戒護錛屽悓鏃朵篃鏄竴涓崗璁紙榪滅▼鐧婚檰鍗忚錛夈?br><br>     2.鏍煎紡<br>     telnet [-8acdEfFKLrx][-b][-e][-k][-l][-n][-S][-X][涓繪満鍚嶇ОIP鍦板潃<閫氫俊绔彛>]<br><br>     3.涓昏鍙傛暟<br><br>-8錛氬厑璁鎬嬌鐢?浣嶅瓧絎﹁祫鏂欙紝鍖呮嫭杈撳叆涓庤緭鍑恒?br>-a錛氬皾璇曡嚜鍔ㄧ櫥鍏ヨ繙绔郴緇熴?br>-b錛氫嬌鐢ㄥ埆鍚嶆寚瀹氳繙绔富鏈哄悕縐般?br>-c錛氫笉璇誨彇鐢ㄦ埛涓撳睘鐩綍閲岀殑.telnetrc鏂囦歡銆?br>-d錛氬惎鍔ㄦ帓閿欐ā寮忋?br>-e錛氳緗劚紱誨瓧絎︺?br>-E錛氭護闄よ劚紱誨瓧絎︺?br>-f錛氭鍙傛暟鐨勬晥鏋滃拰鎸囧畾“-F”鍙傛暟鐩稿悓銆?br>-F錛氫嬌鐢↘erberos V5璁よ瘉鏃訛紝鍔犱笂姝ゅ弬鏁板彲鎶婃湰鍦頒富鏈虹殑璁よ瘉鏁版嵁涓婁紶鍒拌繙绔富鏈恒?br>-k錛氫嬌鐢↘erberos璁よ瘉鏃訛紝鍔犱笂姝ゅ弬鏁拌榪滅涓繪満閲囩敤鎸囧畾鐨勯鍩熷悕錛岃岄潪璇ヤ富鏈虹殑鍩熷悕銆?br>-K錛氫笉鑷姩鐧誨叆榪滅涓繪満銆?br>-l錛氭寚瀹氳鐧誨叆榪滅涓繪満鐨勭敤鎴峰悕縐般?br>-L錛氬厑璁歌緭鍑?浣嶅瓧絎﹁祫鏂欍?br>-n錛氭寚瀹氭枃浠惰褰曠浉鍏充俊鎭?br>-r錛氫嬌鐢ㄧ被浼紃login鎸囦護鐨勭敤鎴風晫闈€?br>-S錛氭湇鍔$被鍨嬶紝璁劇疆telnet榪炵嚎鎵闇鐨処P TOS淇℃伅銆?br>-x錛氬亣璁句富鏈烘湁鏀寔鏁版嵁鍔犲瘑鐨勫姛鑳斤紝灝變嬌鐢ㄥ畠銆?br>-X錛氬叧闂寚瀹氱殑璁よ瘉褰㈡併?br><br><br>     4.搴旂敤璇存槑<br>     鐢ㄦ埛浣跨敤telnet鍛戒護鍙互榪涜榪滅▼鐧誨綍錛屽茍鍦ㄨ繙紼嬭綆楁満涔嬮棿榪涜閫氫俊銆傜敤鎴烽氳繃緗戠粶鍦ㄨ繙紼嬭綆楁満涓婄櫥褰曪紝灝卞儚鐧誨綍鍒版湰鍦版満涓婃墽琛屽懡浠や竴鏍楓備負浜嗛氳繃telnet鐧誨綍鍒拌繙紼嬭綆楁満涓婏紝蹇呴』鐭ラ亾榪滅▼鏈轟笂鐨勫悎娉曠敤鎴峰悕鍜屽彛浠ゃ傝櫧鐒舵湁浜涚郴緇熺‘瀹炰負榪滅▼鐢ㄦ埛鎻愪緵鐧誨綍鍔熻兘錛屼絾鍑轟簬瀵瑰畨鍏ㄧ殑鑰冭檻錛岃闄愬埗鏉ュ鐨勬搷浣滄潈闄愶紝鍥犳錛岃繖縐嶆儏鍐典笅鑳戒嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍔熻兘鏄緢灝戠殑銆?br><br>     telnet鍙負鏅氱粓绔彁渚涚粓绔豢鐪燂紝鑰屼笉鏀寔X-Window絳夊浘褰㈢幆澧冦傚綋鍏佽榪滅▼鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍鏃訛紝緋葷粺閫氬父鎶婅繖浜涚敤鎴鋒斁鍦ㄤ竴涓彈闄愬埗鐨凷hell涓紝浠ラ槻緋葷粺琚鏈夋伓鎰忕殑鎴栦笉灝忓績鐨勭敤鎴風牬鍧忋傜敤鎴瘋繕鍙互浣跨敤telnet浠庤繙紼嬬珯鐐圭櫥褰曞埌鑷繁鐨勮綆楁満涓婏紝媯鏌ョ數瀛愰偖浠躲佺紪杈戞枃浠跺拰榪愯紼嬪簭錛屽氨鍍忓湪鏈湴鐧誨綍涓鏍楓?br><br>    ftp<br><br>     1.浣滅敤<br>     ftp鍛戒護榪涜榪滅▼鏂囦歡浼犺緭銆侳TP鏄疉RPANet鐨勬爣鍑嗘枃浠朵紶杈撳崗璁紝璇ョ綉緇滃氨鏄幇浠奍nternet鐨勫墠韜紝鎵浠tp鏃㈡槸鍗忚鍙堟槸涓涓懡浠ゃ?br><br>     2.鏍煎紡<br>     ftp [-dignv][涓繪満鍚嶇ОIP鍦板潃]<br><br>     3.涓昏鍙傛暟<br><br>-d錛氳緇嗘樉紺烘寚浠ゆ墽琛岃繃紼嬶紝渚夸簬鎺掗敊鍒嗘瀽紼嬪簭鎵ц鐨勬儏褰€?br>-i錛氬叧闂簰鍔ㄦā寮忥紝涓嶈闂換浣曢棶棰樸?br>-g錛氬叧闂湰鍦頒富鏈烘枃浠跺悕縐版敮鎸佺壒孌婂瓧絎︾殑鎵╁厖鐗規с?br>-n錛氫笉浣跨敤鑷姩鐧婚檰銆?br>-v錛氭樉紺烘寚浠ゆ墽琛岃繃紼嬨?br><br><br>     4.搴旂敤璇存槑<br>     ftp鍛戒護鏄爣鍑嗙殑鏂囦歡浼犺緭鍗忚鐨勭敤鎴鋒帴鍙o紝鏄湪TCP/IP緗戠粶璁$畻鏈轟箣闂翠紶杈撴枃浠剁畝鍗曟湁鏁堢殑鏂規硶錛屽畠鍏佽鐢ㄦ埛浼犺緭ASC鈪℃枃浠跺拰浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠躲備負浜嗕嬌鐢╢tp鏉ヤ紶杈撴枃浠訛紝鐢ㄦ埛蹇呴』鐭ラ亾榪滅▼璁$畻鏈轟笂鐨勫悎娉曠敤鎴峰悕鍜屽彛浠ゃ傝繖涓敤鎴峰悕/鍙d護鐨勭粍鍚堢敤鏉ョ‘璁tp浼氳瘽錛屽茍鐢ㄦ潵紜畾鐢ㄦ埛瀵硅浼犺緭鐨勬枃浠惰繘琛屼粈涔堟牱鐨勮闂傚彟澶栵紝鐢ㄦ埛闇瑕佺煡閬撳鍏惰繘琛宖tp浼氳瘽鐨勮綆楁満鍚嶅瓧鐨処P鍦板潃銆?br><br>     鐢ㄦ埛鍙互閫氳繃浣跨敤ftp瀹㈡埛紼嬪簭錛岃繛鎺ュ埌鍙︿竴鍙拌綆楁満涓婏紱鍙互鍦ㄧ洰褰曚腑涓婁笅縐誨姩銆佸垪鍑虹洰褰曞唴瀹癸紱鍙互鎶婃枃浠朵粠榪滅▼璁$畻鏈烘満鎷瘋礉鍒版湰鍦版満涓婏紱榪樺彲浠ユ妸鏂囦歡浠庢湰鍦版満浼犺緭鍒拌繙紼嬬郴緇熶腑銆俧tp鍐呴儴鍛戒護鏈?2涓紝涓嬮潰鍒楀嚭涓昏鍑犱釜鍐呴儴鍛戒護錛?br><br>ls錛氬垪鍑鴻繙紼嬫満鐨勫綋鍓嶇洰褰曘?br>cd錛氬湪榪滅▼鏈轟笂鏀瑰彉宸ヤ綔鐩綍銆?br>lcd錛氬湪鏈湴鏈轟笂鏀瑰彉宸ヤ綔鐩綍銆?br>close錛氱粓姝㈠綋鍓嶇殑ftp浼氳瘽銆?br>hash錛氭瘡嬈′紶杈撳畬鏁版嵁緙撳啿鍖轟腑鐨勬暟鎹悗灝辨樉紺轟竴涓?鍙楓?br>get錛坢get錛夛細浠庤繙紼嬫満浼犻佹寚瀹氭枃浠跺埌鏈湴鏈恒?<br>put錛坢put錛夛細浠庢湰鍦版満浼犻佹寚瀹氭枃浠跺埌榪滅▼鏈恒?br>quit錛氭柇寮涓庤繙紼嬫満鐨勮繛鎺ワ紝騫墮鍑篺tp銆?br><br><br>    route<br><br>     1.浣滅敤<br>     route琛ㄧず鎵嬪伐浜х敓銆佷慨鏀瑰拰鏌ョ湅璺敱琛ㄣ?br><br>     2.鏍煎紡<br>#route [-add][-net|-host] targetaddress [-netmask Nm][dev]If] <br>     #route [錛峝elete][-net|-host] targetaddress [gw Gw] [-netmask Nm] [dev]If]<br><br>     3.涓昏鍙傛暟<br><br>-add錛氬鍔犺礬鐢便?br>-delete錛氬垹闄よ礬鐢便?br>-net錛氳礬鐢卞埌杈劇殑鏄竴涓綉緇滐紝鑰屼笉鏄竴鍙頒富鏈恒?br>-host錛氳礬鐢卞埌杈劇殑鏄竴鍙頒富鏈恒?br>-netmask Nm錛氭寚瀹氳礬鐢辯殑瀛愮綉鎺╃爜銆?br>gw錛氭寚瀹氳礬鐢辯殑緗戝叧銆?br>[dev]If錛氬己榪礬鐢遍摼鎸囧畾鎺ュ彛銆?br><br><br>     4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥<br><br>route鍛戒護鏄敤鏉ユ煡鐪嬪拰璁劇疆Linux緋葷粺鐨勮礬鐢變俊鎭紝浠ュ疄鐜頒笌鍏跺畠緗戠粶鐨勯氫俊銆傝瀹炵幇涓や釜涓嶅悓鐨勫瓙緗戜箣闂寸殑閫氫俊錛岄渶瑕佷竴鍙拌繛鎺ヤ袱涓綉緇滅殑璺敱鍣紝鎴栬呭悓鏃朵綅浜庝袱涓綉緇滅殑緗戝叧鏉ュ疄鐜般?br><br>     鍦↙inux緋葷粺涓紝璁劇疆璺敱閫氬父鏄負浜嗚В鍐充互涓嬮棶棰橈細璇inux緋葷粺鍦ㄤ竴涓眬鍩熺綉涓紝灞鍩熺綉涓湁涓涓綉鍏籌紝鑳藉璁╂満鍣ㄨ闂甀nternet錛岄偅涔堝氨闇瑕佸皢榪欏彴鏈哄櫒鐨処P鍦板潃璁劇疆涓篖inux鏈哄櫒鐨勯粯璁よ礬鐢便備嬌鐢ㄤ笅闈㈠懡浠ゅ彲浠ュ鍔犱竴涓粯璁よ礬鐢憋細<br>     route add 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1<br><br>    rlogin<br><br>     1.浣滅敤<br>     rlogin鐢ㄦ潵榪涜榪滅▼娉ㄥ唽銆?br><br>     2.鏍煎紡<br>     rlogin [ -8EKLdx ] [ -e char ] [-k realm ] [ - l username ] host<br><br>     3.涓昏鍙傛暟<br>     -8錛氭閫夐」濮嬬粓鍏佽8浣嶈緭鍏ユ暟鎹氶亾銆傝閫夐」鍏佽鍙戦佹牸寮忓寲鐨凙NSI瀛楃鍜屽叾瀹冪殑鐗規畩浠g爜銆傚鏋滀笉鐢ㄨ繖涓夐」錛岄櫎闈炶繙绔殑涓嶆槸緇堟鍜屽惎鍔ㄥ瓧絎︼紝鍚﹀垯灝卞幓鎺夊鍋舵牎楠屼綅銆?br>     -E錛氬仠姝㈡妸浠諱綍瀛楃褰撲綔杞箟瀛楃銆傚綋鍜?8閫夐」涓璧蜂嬌鐢ㄦ椂錛屽畠鎻愪緵涓涓畬鍏ㄧ殑閫忔槑榪炴帴銆?br>     -K錛氬叧闂墍鏈夌殑Kerberos紜銆傚彧鏈変笌浣跨敤Kerberos 紜鍗忚鐨勪富鏈鴻繛鎺ユ椂鎵嶄嬌鐢ㄨ繖涓夐」銆?br>     -L錛氬厑璁竢login浼氳瘽鍦╨itout妯″紡涓繍琛屻傝浜嗚В鏇村淇℃伅錛岃鏌ラ槄tty鑱旀満甯姪銆?br>     -d錛氭墦寮涓庤繙紼嬩富鏈鴻繘琛岄氫俊鐨凾CP sockets鐨剆ocket璋冭瘯銆傝浜嗚В鏇村淇℃伅錛岃鏌ラ槄setsockopt鐨勮仈鏈哄府鍔┿?br>     -e錛氫負rlogin浼氳瘽璁劇疆杞箟瀛楃錛岄粯璁ょ殑杞箟瀛楃鏄?#8220;锝?#8221;銆?br>     -k錛氳姹俽login鑾峰緱鍦ㄦ寚瀹氬尯鍩熷唴榪滅▼涓繪満鐨凨erberos璁稿彲錛岃屼笉鏄幏寰楃敱krb_realmofhost(3)紜畾鐨勮繙紼嬩富鏈哄尯鍩熷唴鐨勮繙紼嬩富鏈虹殑Kerberos璁稿彲銆?br>     -x錛氫負鎵鏈夐氳繃rlogin浼氳瘽浼犻佺殑鏁版嵁鎵撳紑DES鍔犲瘑銆傝繖浼氬獎鍝嶅搷搴旀椂闂村拰CPU鍒╃敤鐜囷紝浣嗘槸鍙互鎻愰珮瀹夊叏鎬с?br><br>     4.浣跨敤璇存槑<br>     濡傛灉鍦ㄧ綉緇滀腑鐨勪笉鍚岀郴緇熶笂閮芥湁璐﹀彿錛屾垨鑰呭彲浠ヨ闂埆浜哄湪鍙︿竴涓郴緇熶笂鐨勮處鍙鳳紝閭d箞瑕佽闂埆鐨勭郴緇熶腑鐨勮處鍙鳳紝棣栧厛灝辮娉ㄥ唽鍒扮郴緇熶腑錛屾帴鐫閫氳繃緗戠粶榪滅▼娉ㄥ唽鍒拌處鍙鋒墍鍦ㄧ殑緋葷粺涓俽login鍙互榪滅▼娉ㄥ唽鍒板埆鐨勭郴緇熶腑錛屽畠鐨勫弬鏁板簲鏄竴涓郴緇熷悕銆?br><br><br><br>rcp<br><br>     1.浣滅敤<br>     rcp浠h〃榪滅▼鏂囦歡鎷瘋礉錛岀敤浜庤綆楁満涔嬮棿鏂囦歡鎷瘋礉錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵鏈夌敤鎴楓?br><br>     2.鏍煎紡<br>     rcp [-px] [-k realm] file1 file2 rcp [-px] [-r] [-k realm] file<br><br>     3.涓昏鍙傛暟<br>     -r錛氶掑綊鍦版妸婧愮洰褰曚腑鐨勬墍鏈夊唴瀹規嫹璐濆埌鐩殑鐩綍涓傝浣跨敤榪欎釜閫夐」錛岀洰鐨勫繀欏繪槸涓涓洰褰曘?br>     -p錛氳瘯鍥句繚鐣欐簮鏂囦歡鐨勪慨鏀規椂闂村拰妯″紡錛屽拷鐣mask銆?br>     -k錛氳姹俽cp鑾峰緱鍦ㄦ寚瀹氬尯鍩熷唴鐨勮繙紼嬩富鏈虹殑Kerberos璁稿彲錛岃屼笉鏄幏寰楃敱krb_relmofhost(3)紜畾鐨勮繙紼嬩富鏈哄尯鍩熷唴鐨勮繙紼嬩富鏈虹殑Kerberos璁稿彲銆?br>     -x錛氫負浼犻佺殑鎵鏈夋暟鎹墦寮DES鍔犲瘑銆?br><br>    finger<br><br>     1.浣滅敤<br>     finger鐢ㄦ潵鏌ヨ涓鍙頒富鏈轟笂鐨勭櫥褰曡處鍙風殑淇℃伅錛岄氬父浼氭樉紺虹敤鎴峰悕銆佷富鐩綍銆佸仠婊炴椂闂淬佺櫥褰曟椂闂淬佺櫥褰昐hell絳変俊鎭紝浣跨敤鏉冮檺涓烘墍鏈夌敤鎴楓?br><br>     2.鏍煎紡<br>     finger [閫夐」] [浣跨敤鑰匽 [鐢ㄦ埛@涓繪満]<br><br>     3.涓昏鍙傛暟<br>     -s錛氭樉紺虹敤鎴鋒敞鍐屽悕銆佸疄闄呭鍚嶃佺粓绔悕縐般佸啓鐘舵併佸仠婊炴椂闂淬佺櫥褰曟椂闂寸瓑淇℃伅銆?br>     -l錛氶櫎浜嗙敤-s閫夐」鏄劇ず鐨勪俊鎭錛岃繕鏄劇ず鐢ㄦ埛涓葷洰褰曘佺櫥褰昐hell銆侀偖浠剁姸鎬佺瓑淇℃伅錛屼互鍙婄敤鎴蜂富鐩綍涓嬬殑.plan銆?project鍜?forward鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹廣?br>     -p錛氶櫎浜嗕笉鏄劇ず.plan鏂囦歡鍜?project鏂囦歡浠ュ錛屼笌-l閫夐」鐩稿悓銆?br><br>     4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥<br>     鍦ㄨ綆楁満涓婁嬌鐢╢inger錛?br><br>[root@localhost root]# Finger<br>Login  Name  Tty    Idle  Login Time  Office  Office Phone<br>root   root  tty1      2  Dec 15 11<br>root   root  pts/0     1  Dec 15 11<br>root   root  *pts/1       Dec 15 11<br><br><br>     5.搴旂敤璇存槑<br>     濡傛灉瑕佹煡璇㈣繙紼嬫満涓婄殑鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅錛岄渶瑕佸湪鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶅悗闈㈡帴“@涓繪満鍚?#8221;錛岄噰鐢╗鐢ㄦ埛鍚岪涓繪満鍚峕鐨勬牸寮忥紝涓嶈繃瑕佹煡璇㈢殑緗戠粶涓繪満闇瑕佽繍琛宖inger瀹堟姢榪涚▼鐨勬敮鎸併?br><br>    mail<br><br>     1.浣滅敤<br>     mail浣滅敤鏄彂閫佺數瀛愰偖浠訛紝浣跨敤鏉冮檺鏄墍鏈夌敤鎴楓傛澶栵紝mail榪樻槸涓涓數瀛愰偖浠剁▼搴忋?br><br>     2.鏍煎紡<br><br>mail  [-s subject] [-c address] [-b address] <br>   mail -f [mailbox]mail [-u user]<br><br><br>     3.涓昏鍙傛暟<br><br>-b address錛氳〃紺鴻緭鍑轟俊鎭殑鍖垮悕鏀朵俊浜哄湴鍧娓呭崟銆? <br>-c address錛氳〃紺鴻緭鍑轟俊鎭殑鎶勯侊紙錛夋敹淇′漢鍦板潃娓呭崟銆? <br>-f [mailbox]錛氫粠鏀朵歡綆辮呮寚瀹氶偖綆辮鍙栭偖浠躲?br>-s subject錛氭寚瀹氳緭鍑轟俊鎭殑涓諱綋琛屻?br>[-u user]錛氱鍙f寚瀹氫紭鍖栫殑鏀朵歡綆辮鍙栭偖浠躲?br><br><br>    nslookup<br><br>     1.浣滅敤<br>     nslookup鍛戒護鐨勫姛鑳芥槸鏌ヨ涓鍙版満鍣ㄧ殑IP鍦板潃鍜屽叾瀵瑰簲鐨勫煙鍚嶃備嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭墍鏈夌敤鎴楓傚畠閫氬父闇瑕佷竴鍙板煙鍚嶆湇鍔″櫒鏉ユ彁渚涘煙鍚嶆湇鍔°傚鏋滅敤鎴峰凡緇忚緗ソ鍩熷悕鏈嶅姟鍣紝灝卞彲浠ョ敤榪欎釜鍛戒護鏌ョ湅涓嶅悓涓繪満鐨処P鍦板潃瀵瑰簲鐨勫煙鍚嶃?br><br>     2.鏍煎紡<br>     nslookup 錛籌P鍦板潃/鍩熷悕錛?br><br>     3.搴旂敤瀹炰緥<br>     錛?錛夊湪鏈湴璁$畻鏈轟笂浣跨敤nslookup鍛戒護<br><br>$ nslookup<br>Default Server: name.cao.com.cn<br>Address: 192.168.1.9<br>><br><br><br>     鍦ㄧ鍙?#8220;>”鍚庨潰杈撳叆瑕佹煡璇㈢殑IP鍦板潃鍩熷悕錛屽茍鍥炶濺鍗沖彲銆傚鏋滆閫鍑鴻鍛戒護錛岃緭鍏?#8220;exit”錛屽茍鍥炶濺鍗沖彲銆?br><br>     錛?錛変嬌鐢╪slookup鍛戒護嫻嬭瘯named<br>     杈撳叆涓嬮潰鍛戒護錛?br>     nslookup<br><br>     鐒跺悗灝辮繘鍏ヤ氦鎹㈠紡nslookup鐜銆傚鏋渘amed姝e父鍚姩錛屽垯nslookup浼氭樉紺哄綋鍓岲NS鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鍦板潃鍜屽煙鍚嶏紝鍚﹀垯琛ㄧずnamed娌¤兘姝e父鍚姩銆?br><br>     涓嬮潰綆鍗曚粙緇嶄竴浜涘熀鏈殑DNS璇婃柇銆?<br>     鈼嗘鏌ユ鍚慏NS瑙f瀽錛屽湪nslookup鎻愮ず絎︿笅杈撳叆甯﹀煙鍚嶇殑涓繪満鍚嶏紝濡俬p712.my.com錛宯slookup搴旇兘鏄劇ず璇ヤ富鏈哄悕瀵瑰簲鐨処P鍦板潃銆傚鏋滃彧杈撳叆hp712錛宯slookup浼氭牴鎹?etc/resolv.conf鐨勫畾涔夛紝鑷姩娣誨姞my.com鍩熷悕錛屽茍鍥炵瓟瀵瑰簲鐨処P鍦板潃銆?<br>     鈼嗘鏌ュ弽鍚慏NS瑙f瀽錛屽湪nslookup鎻愮ず絎︿笅杈撳叆鏌愪釜IP鍦板潃錛屽192.22.33.20錛宯slookup搴旇兘鍥炵瓟璇P鍦板潃鎵瀵瑰簲鐨勪富鏈哄悕銆?<br>     鈼嗘鏌X閭歡鍦板潃璁板綍鍦╪slookup鎻愮ず絎︿笅杈撳叆錛?<br>     set q=mx<br><br>     鐒跺悗杈撳叆鏌愪釜鍩熷悕錛岃緭鍏y.com鍜宮ail.my.com錛宯slookup搴旇兘澶熷洖絳斿搴旂殑閭歡鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ湴鍧錛屽嵆support.my.com鍜宻upport2.my.com銆?br><br>    鍔ㄦ墜緇冧範<br><br>     1.鍗遍櫓鐨勭綉緇滃懡浠?br>     浜掕仈緗戠殑鍙戝睍浣垮畨鍏ㄦ垚涓轟竴涓笉鑳藉拷瑙嗙殑闂錛宖inger銆乫tp銆乺cp鍜宼elnet鍦ㄦ湰璐ㄤ笂閮芥槸涓嶅畨鍏ㄧ殑錛屽洜涓哄畠浠湪緗戠粶涓婄敤鏄庢枃浼犻佸彛浠ゅ拰鏁版嵁錛屽梾鎺㈠櫒鍙互闈炲父瀹規槗鍦版埅鑾瘋繖浜涘彛浠ゅ拰鏁版嵁銆傝屼笖錛岃繖浜涙湇鍔$▼搴忕殑瀹夊叏楠岃瘉鏂瑰紡涔熸槸鏈夊急鐐圭殑錛屽緢瀹規槗鍙楀埌“涓棿鏈嶅姟鍣?#8221;鏂瑰紡鐨勬敾鍑匯傝繖閲岀瑪鑰呮妸涓浜涗笉瀹夊叏鐨勫懡浠ゆ牴鎹嵄闄╃瓑綰у垪鍑猴紝瑙佽〃3鎵紺恒?br><br><br><br>     鐜板湪ftp銆乼elnet鍙互琚玈SH鍛戒護浠f浛緇戝畾鍦ㄧ鍙?2涓婏紝鍏惰繛鎺ラ噰鐢ㄥ崗鍟嗘柟寮忥紝浣跨敤RSA鍔犲瘑銆傝韓浠介壌鍒畬鎴愪箣鍚庯紝鍚庨潰鐨勬墍鏈夋祦閲忛兘浣跨敤IDEA榪涜鍔犲瘑銆係SH錛圫ecure銆Shell錛夌▼搴忓彲浠ラ氳繃緗戠粶鐧誨綍鍒拌繙紼嬩富鏈猴紝騫舵墽琛屽懡浠ゃ俽cp銆乺login絳夎繙紼嬭皟鐢ㄥ懡浠や篃閫愭笎琚玍NC杞歡浠f浛銆?br><br>     2.鍦ㄤ竴寮犵綉鍗′笂緇戝畾澶氫釜IP鍦板潃<br>     鍦↙inux涓嬶紝鍙互浣跨敤ifconfig鏂逛究鍦扮粦瀹氬涓狪P鍦板潃鍒頒竴寮犵綉鍗°備緥濡傦紝eth0鎺ュ彛鐨勫師鏈塈P鍦板潃涓?92.168.0 .254錛屽彲浠ユ墽琛屼笅闈㈠懡浠わ細<br><br>ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.0.253 netmask 255.255.255.0 <br>ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.0.252 netmask 255.255.255.0 <br>......<br><br><br>     3.淇敼緗戝崱MAC鍦板潃<br>     棣栧厛蹇呴』鍏抽棴緗戝崱璁懼錛屽懡浠ゅ涓嬶細<br>     /sbin/ifconfig eth0 down<br><br>     淇敼MAC鍦板潃錛屽懡浠ゅ涓嬶細<br>     /sbin/ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE<br><br>     閲嶆柊鍚敤緗戝崱錛?br>     /sbin/ifconfig eht0 up<br><br>     榪欐牱緗戝崱鐨凪AC鍦板潃灝辨洿鏀瑰畬鎴愪簡銆傛瘡寮犵綉鍗$殑MAC鍦板潃鏄儫涓錛屼絾涓嶆槸涓嶈兘淇敼鐨勶紝鍙淇濊瘉鍦ㄧ綉緇滀腑鐨凪AC鍦板潃鐨勬儫涓鎬у氨鍙互浜嗐?br><br>     4.鍒濇閮ㄧ講IPv6<br>     IPv4鎶鏈湪緗戠粶鍙戝睍涓搗鍒頒簡宸ㄥぇ鐨勪綔鐢紝涓嶈繃闅忕潃鏃墮棿鐨勬祦閫濆畠鏃犺鍦ㄧ綉緇滃湴鍧鐨勬彁渚涖佹湇鍔¤川閲忋佸畨鍏ㄦх瓑鏂歸潰閮借秺鏉ヨ秺鍔涗笉浠庡績錛孖Pv6鍛間箣嬈插嚭銆侺inux鏄墍鏈夋搷浣滅郴緇熶腑鏈鍏堟敮鎸両Pv6鐨勶紝涓鑸琇inux鍩轟簬2.4鍐呮牳鐨凩inux鍙戣鐗堟湰閮藉彲浠ョ洿鎺ヤ嬌鐢↖Pv6錛屼笉榪囦富瑕佸彂琛岀増鏈病鏈夊姞杞絀Pv6妯″潡錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄥ懡浠ゆ墜宸ュ姞杞斤紝闇瑕佽秴綰х敤鎴風殑鏉冮檺銆?br><br>     (1)鍔犺澆IPv6妯″潡<br>     浣跨敤鍛戒護媯嫻嬶紝鍏朵腑inet6 addr: fe80::5054:abff:fe34:5b09/64錛屽氨鏄痚th0緗戝崱鐨処Pv6鍦板潃銆?br><br># modprobe IPv6<br>錛僫fconfig <br>eth0  Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:AB:34:5B:09<br>     inet addr:192.168.1.2  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0<br>    inet6 addr: fe80::5054:abff:fe34:5b09/64 Scope:Link<br>    UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1<br>    RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0<br>    TX packets:21 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0<br>    collisions:0 txqueuelen:100<br>    RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:1360 (1.3 Kb)<br>    Interrupt:5 Base address:0xec00<br><br><br>     (2)浣跨敤ping鍛戒護媯嫻嬬綉鍗$殑IPv6鍦板潃鏄惁鏈夋晥<br>     #ping6 -I eth0 -c 2 fe80::200:e8ff:fea0:2586<br><br>     鍜孖Pv4涓嶄竴鏍鳳紝浣跨敤ping6鍛戒護鏃跺繀欏繪寚瀹氫竴涓綉鍗$晫闈紝鍚﹀垯緋葷粺涓嶇煡閬撳皢鏁版嵁鍖呭彂閫佸埌鍝釜緗戠粶璁懼銆侷琛ㄧずInterface銆乪th0鏄涓涓綉鍗★紝錛峜琛ㄧず鍥炶礬錛?琛ㄧずping6鎿嶄綔涓ゆ銆傜粨鏋滆鍥?鎵紺恒?br><br><br>鍥? IPv6緗戠粶涓嬬殑ping6鍛戒護<br><br>     (3)浣跨敤ip鍛戒護鍦↖Pv6涓嬩負eth0澧炲姞涓涓狪P鍦板潃<br>     #ip -6 addr add 3ffe:ffff:0:f101::1/64 dev eth0<br><br>     浣跨敤ifconfig鍛戒護錛屾煡鐪嬬綉鍗℃槸鍚﹀嚭鐜扮浜屼釜IPv6鍦板潃銆?br><br>     Linux緗戠粶鐨勪富瑕佷紭鐐規槸鑳藉瀹炵幇璧勬簮鍜屼俊鎭殑鍏變韓錛屽茍涓旂敤鎴峰彲浠ヨ繙紼嬭闂俊鎭侺inux鎻愪緵浜嗕竴緇勫己鏈夊姏鐨勭綉緇滃懡浠ゆ潵涓虹敤鎴鋒湇鍔★紝榪欎簺宸ュ叿鑳藉甯姪鐢ㄦ埛榪涜緗戠粶璁懼畾銆佹鏌ョ綉緇滅姸鍐點佺櫥褰曞埌榪滅▼璁$畻鏈轟笂銆佷紶杈撴枃浠跺拰鎵ц榪滅▼鍛戒護絳夈?br><br>     涓婇潰浠嬬粛浜哃inux涓瘮杈冮噸瑕佺殑緗戠粶鍛戒護錛屽叾瀹濴inux榪樻湁璁稿鍛戒護闇瑕佸涔犮侺inux緗戠粶鎿嶄綔鍛戒護鐨勪竴涓壒鐐瑰氨鏄懡浠ゅ弬鏁伴夐」寰堝錛屽茍涓嶈姹傚叏閮ㄨ浣忥紝鍏抽敭鍦ㄤ簬鐞嗚В鍛戒護鐨勪富瑕佺敤閫斿拰瀛︿細浣跨敤甯姪淇℃伅銆? <br><br>from:<br>http://blog.chinaunix.net/u2/76292/showart_1328251.html <br><br><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/aggbug/103551.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/" target="_blank">chatler</a> 2009-12-19 23:22 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/19/103551.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Linux緋葷粺淇℃伅鏌ョ湅鍛戒護澶у叏http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/11/103021.htmlchatlerchatlerFri, 11 Dec 2009 15:45:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/11/103021.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/103021.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/11/103021.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/103021.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/103021.html緋葷粺
# uname -a               # 鏌ョ湅鍐呮牳/鎿嶄綔緋葷粺/CPU淇℃伅
# head -n 1 /etc/issue   # 鏌ョ湅鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鐗堟湰
# cat /proc/cpuinfo      # 鏌ョ湅CPU淇℃伅
# hostname               # 鏌ョ湅璁$畻鏈哄悕
# lspci -tv              # 鍒楀嚭鎵鏈塒CI璁懼
# lsusb -tv              # 鍒楀嚭鎵鏈塙SB璁懼
# lsmod                  # 鍒楀嚭鍔犺澆鐨勫唴鏍告ā鍧?br># env                    # 鏌ョ湅鐜鍙橀噺

璧勬簮
# free -m                # 鏌ョ湅鍐呭瓨浣跨敤閲忓拰浜ゆ崲鍖轟嬌鐢ㄩ噺
# df -h                  # 鏌ョ湅鍚勫垎鍖轟嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐?br># du -sh <鐩綍鍚?gt;        # 鏌ョ湅鎸囧畾鐩綍鐨勫ぇ灝?br># grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo   # 鏌ョ湅鍐呭瓨鎬婚噺
# grep MemFree /proc/meminfo    # 鏌ョ湅絀洪棽鍐呭瓨閲?br># uptime                 # 鏌ョ湅緋葷粺榪愯鏃墮棿銆佺敤鎴鋒暟銆佽礋杞?br># cat /proc/loadavg      # 鏌ョ湅緋葷粺璐熻澆

紓佺洏鍜屽垎鍖?br># mount | column -t      # 鏌ョ湅鎸傛帴鐨勫垎鍖虹姸鎬?br># fdisk -l               # 鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夊垎鍖?br># swapon -s              # 鏌ョ湅鎵鏈変氦鎹㈠垎鍖?br># hdparm -i /dev/hda     # 鏌ョ湅紓佺洏鍙傛暟(浠呴傜敤浜嶪DE璁懼)
# dmesg | grep IDE       # 鏌ョ湅鍚姩鏃禝DE璁懼媯嫻嬬姸鍐?/p>

緗戠粶
# ifconfig               # 鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夌綉緇滄帴鍙g殑灞炴?br># iptables -L            # 鏌ョ湅闃茬伀澧欒緗?br># route -n               # 鏌ョ湅璺敱琛?br># netstat -lntp          # 鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夌洃鍚鍙?br># netstat -antp          # 鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夊凡緇忓緩绔嬬殑榪炴帴
# netstat -s             # 鏌ョ湅緗戠粶緇熻淇℃伅

榪涚▼
# ps -ef                 # 鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夎繘紼?br># top                    # 瀹炴椂鏄劇ず榪涚▼鐘舵?/p>

鐢ㄦ埛
# w                      # 鏌ョ湅媧誨姩鐢ㄦ埛
# id <鐢ㄦ埛鍚?gt;            # 鏌ョ湅鎸囧畾鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅
# last                   # 鏌ョ湅鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍鏃ュ織
# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd   # 鏌ョ湅緋葷粺鎵鏈夌敤鎴?br># cut -d: -f1 /etc/group    # 鏌ョ湅緋葷粺鎵鏈夌粍
# crontab -l             # 鏌ョ湅褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛鐨勮鍒掍換鍔?/p> from:
http://blog.chinaunix.net/u2/76292/showart_1276219.html


chatler 2009-12-11 23:45 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
Linux緋葷粺闈㈤潰瑙?PROC鏂囦歡緋葷粺璇︾粏浠嬬粛http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/11/103013.htmlchatlerchatlerFri, 11 Dec 2009 15:17:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/11/103013.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/103013.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/11/103013.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/103013.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/103013.html浠涔堟槸proc鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛?

銆銆

銆銆proc鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏄竴涓吉鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛屽畠鍙瓨鍦ㄥ唴瀛樺綋涓紝鑰屼笉鍗犵敤澶栧瓨絀洪棿銆傚畠浠ユ枃浠剁郴緇熺殑鏂瑰紡涓鴻闂郴緇熷唴鏍告暟鎹殑鎿嶄綔鎻愪緵鎺ュ彛銆傜敤鎴峰拰搴旂敤紼嬪簭鍙互閫氳繃proc寰楀埌緋葷粺鐨勪俊鎭紝騫跺彲浠ユ敼鍙樺唴鏍哥殑鏌愪簺鍙傛暟銆傜敱浜庣郴緇熺殑淇℃伅錛屽榪涚▼錛屾槸鍔ㄦ佹敼鍙樼殑錛屾墍浠ョ敤鎴鋒垨搴旂敤紼嬪簭璇誨彇proc鏂囦歡鏃訛紝proc鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏄姩鎬佷粠緋葷粺鍐呮牳璇誨嚭鎵闇淇℃伅騫舵彁浜ょ殑銆傚畠鐨勭洰褰曠粨鏋勫涓嬶細

銆銆

銆銆鐩綍鍚嶇О 鐩綍鍐呭

銆銆apm 楂樼駭鐢墊簮綆$悊淇℃伅

銆銆cmdline 鍐呮牳鍛戒護琛?/p>

銆銆Cpuinfo 鍏充簬Cpu淇℃伅

銆銆Devices 鍙互鐢ㄥ埌鐨勮澶囷紙鍧楄澶?瀛楃璁懼錛?/p>

銆銆Dma 浣跨敤鐨凞MA閫氶亾

銆銆Filesystems 鏀寔鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇?/p>

銆銆Interrupts 涓柇鐨勪嬌鐢?/p>

銆銆Ioports I/O绔彛鐨勪嬌鐢?/p>

銆銆Kcore 鍐呮牳鏍稿績鍗拌薄

銆銆Kmsg 鍐呮牳娑堟伅

銆銆Ksyms 鍐呮牳絎﹀彿琛?/p>

銆銆Loadavg 璐熻澆鍧囪 

銆銆Locks 鍐呮牳閿?/p>

銆銆Meminfo 鍐呭瓨淇℃伅

銆銆Misc 鏉傞」

銆銆Modules 鍔犺澆妯″潡鍒楄〃

銆銆Mounts 鍔犺澆鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇?/p>

銆銆Partitions 緋葷粺璇嗗埆鐨勫垎鍖鴻〃

銆銆Rtc 瀹炴椂鏃墮挓

銆銆Slabinfo Slab姹犱俊鎭?/p>

銆銆Stat 鍏ㄩ潰緇熻鐘舵佽〃

銆銆Swaps 瀵規崲絀洪棿鐨勫埄鐢ㄦ儏鍐?/p>

銆銆Version 鍐呮牳鐗堟湰

銆銆Uptime 緋葷粺姝e父榪愯鏃墮棿

銆銆

銆銆騫朵笉鏄墍鏈夎繖浜涚洰褰曞湪浣犵殑緋葷粺涓兘鏈夛紝榪欏彇鍐充簬浣犵殑鍐呮牳閰嶇疆鍜岃杞界殑妯″潡銆傚彟澶栵紝鍦?proc涓嬭繕鏈変笁涓緢閲嶈鐨勭洰褰曪細net錛宻csi鍜宻ys銆?Sys鐩綍鏄彲鍐欑殑錛屽彲浠ラ氳繃瀹冩潵璁塊棶鎴栦慨鏀瑰唴鏍哥殑鍙傛暟錛堣涓嬩竴閮ㄥ垎錛夛紝鑰宯et鍜宻csi鍒欎緷璧栦簬鍐呮牳閰嶇疆銆備緥濡傦紝濡傛灉緋葷粺涓嶆敮鎸乻csi錛屽垯scsi 鐩綍涓嶅瓨鍦ㄣ?/p>

銆銆

銆銆闄や簡浠ヤ笂浠嬬粛鐨勮繖浜涳紝榪樻湁鐨勬槸涓浜涗互鏁板瓧鍛藉悕鐨勭洰褰曪紝瀹冧滑鏄繘紼嬬洰褰曘傜郴緇熶腑褰撳墠榪愯鐨勬瘡涓涓繘紼嬮兘鏈夊搴旂殑涓涓洰褰曞湪/proc涓嬶紝浠ヨ繘紼嬬殑 PID鍙蜂負鐩綍鍚嶏紝瀹冧滑鏄鍙栬繘紼嬩俊鎭殑鎺ュ彛銆傝宻elf鐩綍鍒欐槸璇誨彇榪涚▼鏈韓鐨勪俊鎭帴鍙o紝鏄竴涓猯ink銆侾roc鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勫悕瀛楀氨鏄敱涔嬭岃搗銆傝繘紼嬬洰褰曠殑緇撴瀯濡備笅錛?/p>

銆銆

銆銆鐩綍鍚嶇О 鐩綍鍐呭

銆銆Cmdline 鍛戒護琛屽弬鏁?/p>

銆銆Environ 鐜鍙橀噺鍊?/p>

銆銆Fd 涓涓寘鍚墍鏈夋枃浠舵弿榪扮鐨勭洰褰?/p>

銆銆Mem 榪涚▼鐨勫唴瀛樿鍒╃敤鎯呭喌

銆銆Stat 榪涚▼鐘舵?/p>

銆銆Status 榪涚▼褰撳墠鐘舵侊紝浠ュ彲璇葷殑鏂瑰紡鏄劇ず鍑烘潵

銆銆Cwd 褰撳墠宸ヤ綔鐩綍鐨勯摼鎺?/p>

銆銆Exe 鎸囧悜璇ヨ繘紼嬬殑鎵ц鍛戒護鏂囦歡

銆銆Maps 鍐呭瓨鏄犺薄

銆銆Statm 榪涚▼鍐呭瓨鐘舵佷俊鎭?/p>

銆銆Root 閾炬帴姝よ繘紼嬬殑root鐩綍

銆銆

銆銆鐢ㄦ埛濡傛灉瑕佹煡鐪嬬郴緇熶俊鎭紝鍙互鐢╟at鍛戒護銆備緥濡傦細

銆銆

銆銆# cat /proc/interrupts

銆銆CPU0

銆銆0: 8728810 XT-PIC timer

銆銆1: 895 XT-PIC keyboard

銆銆2: 0 XT-PIC cascade

銆銆3: 531695 XT-PIC aha152x

銆銆4: 2014133 XT-PIC serial

銆銆5: 44401 XT-PIC pcnet_cs

銆銆8: 2 XT-PIC rtc

銆銆11: 8 XT-PIC i82365

銆銆12: 182918 XT-PIC Mouse

銆銆13: 1 XT-PIC fpu PS/2

銆銆14: 1232265 XT-PIC ide0

銆銆15: 7 XT-PIC ide1

銆銆NMI: 0

銆銆

銆銆鐢ㄦ埛榪樺彲浠ュ疄鐜頒慨鏀瑰唴鏍稿弬鏁般傚湪/proc鏂囦歡緋葷粺涓湁涓涓湁瓚g殑鐩綍錛?proc/sys銆傚畠涓嶄粎鎻愪緵浜嗗唴鏍鎬俊鎭紝鑰屼笖鍙互閫氳繃瀹冧慨鏀瑰唴鏍稿弬鏁幫紝鏉ヤ紭鍖栦綘鐨勭郴緇熴備絾鏄綘蹇呴』寰堝皬蹇冿紝鍥犱負鍙兘浼氶犳垚緋葷粺宕╂簝銆傛渶濂芥槸鍏堟壘涓鍙版棤鍏崇揣瑕佺殑鏈哄瓙錛岃皟璇曟垚鍔熷悗鍐嶅簲鐢ㄥ埌浣犵殑緋葷粺涓娿?/p>

銆銆

銆銆瑕佹敼鍙樺唴鏍哥殑鍙傛暟錛屽彧瑕佺敤vi緙栬緫鎴杄cho鍙傛暟閲嶅畾鍚戝埌鏂囦歡涓嵆鍙備笅闈㈡湁涓涓緥瀛愶細

銆銆

銆銆# cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max

銆銆4096

銆銆# echo 8192 > /proc/sys/fs/file-max

銆銆# cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max

銆銆8192

銆銆

銆銆濡傛灉浣犱紭鍖栦簡鍙傛暟錛屽垯鍙互鎶婂畠浠啓鎴愭坊鍔犲埌鏂囦歡rc.local涓紝浣垮畠鍦ㄧ郴緇熷惎鍔ㄦ椂鑷姩瀹屾垚淇敼銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆/proc鏂囦歡緋葷粺涓綉緇滃弬鏁?/p>

銆銆

銆銆鍦?proc/sys/net/ipv4/鐩綍涓嬶紝鍖呭惈鐨勬槸鍜宼cp/ip鍗忚鐩稿叧鐨勫悇縐嶅弬鏁幫紝涓嬮潰鎴戜滑灝卞榪欎簺緗戠粶鍙傛暟鍔犱互璇︾粏鐨勮鏄庛?/p>

銆銆

銆銆ip_forward 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛欱OOLEAN

銆銆0 - 鍏抽棴(榛樿鍊?

銆銆not 0 - 鎵撳紑ip杞彂

銆銆

銆銆鍦ㄧ綉緇滄湰鍦版帴鍙d箣闂磋漿鍙戞暟鎹姤銆傝鍙傛暟闈炲父鐗規畩錛屽璇ュ弬鏁扮殑淇敼灝嗗鑷村叾瀹冩墍鏈夌浉鍏抽厤緗弬鏁版仮澶嶅叾榛樿鍊?瀵逛簬涓繪満鍙傞槄RFC1122錛屽浜庤礬鐢卞櫒鍙傝RFC1812)

銆銆

銆銆ip_default_ttl 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛欼NTEGER

銆銆榛樿鍊間負 64 銆傝〃紺篒P鏁版嵁鎶ョ殑Time To Live鍊箋?/p>

銆銆

銆銆ip_no_pmtu_disc 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛欱OOLEAN

銆銆鍏抽棴璺緞MTU鎺㈡祴錛岄粯璁ゅ間負FALSE

銆銆

銆銆ipfrag_high_thresh 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆鐢ㄦ潵緇勮鍒嗘鐨処P鍖呯殑鏈澶у唴瀛橀噺銆傚綋ipfrag_high_thresh鏁伴噺鐨勫唴瀛樿鍒嗛厤鏉ョ敤鏉ョ粍瑁匢P鍖咃紝鍒橧P鍒嗙墖澶勭悊鍣ㄥ皢涓㈠純鏁版嵁鎶ョ洿鍒癷pfrag_low_thresh鏁伴噺鐨勫唴瀛樿鐢ㄦ潵緇勮IP鍖呫?/p>

銆銆

銆銆ipfrag_low_thresh 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆鍙傝ipfrag_high_thresh銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆ipfrag_time 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆淇濆瓨涓涓狪P鍒嗙墖鍦ㄥ唴瀛樹腑鐨勬椂闂淬?/p>

銆銆

銆銆inet_peer_threshold 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆INET瀵圭瀛樺偍鍣ㄦ煇涓悎閫傚鹼紝褰撹秴榪囪闃鍊兼潯鐩皢琚涪寮冦傝闃鍊煎悓鏍峰喅瀹氱敓瀛樻椂闂翠互鍙婂簾鐗╂敹闆嗛氳繃鐨勬椂闂撮棿闅斻傛潯鐩秺澶?瀛樻椿鏈熻秺浣?GC 闂撮殧瓚婄煭

銆銆

銆銆inet_peer_minttl 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆鏉$洰鐨勬渶浣庡瓨媧繪湡銆傚湪閲嶇粍绔繀欏昏鏈夎凍澶熺殑紕庣墖(fragment)瀛樻椿鏈熴傝繖涓渶浣庡瓨媧繪湡蹇呴』淇濊瘉緙撳啿姹犲縐槸鍚﹀皯浜?inet_peer_threshold銆傝鍊間互 jiffies涓哄崟浣嶆祴閲忋?/p>

銆銆

銆銆inet_peer_maxttl 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆鏉$洰鐨勬渶澶у瓨媧繪湡銆傚湪姝ゆ湡闄愬埌杈句箣鍚?濡傛灉緙撳啿姹犳病鏈夎楀敖鍘嬪姏鐨勮瘽(渚嬪 緙撳啿姹犱腑鐨勬潯鐩暟鐩潪甯稿皯) 涓嶄嬌鐢ㄧ殑鏉$洰灝嗕細瓚呮椂銆傝鍊間互 jiffies涓哄崟浣嶆祴閲忋?/p>

銆銆

銆銆inet_peer_gc_mintime 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆搴熺墿鏀墮泦(GC)閫氳繃鐨勬渶鐭棿闅斻傝繖涓棿闅斾細褰卞搷鍒扮紦鍐叉睜涓唴瀛樼殑楂樺帇鍔涖?璇ュ間互 jiffies涓哄崟浣嶆祴閲忋?/p>

銆銆

銆銆inet_peer_gc_maxtime 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆搴熺墿鏀墮泦(GC)閫氳繃鐨勬渶澶ч棿闅旓紝榪欎釜闂撮殧浼氬獎鍝嶅埌緙撳啿姹犱腑鍐呭瓨鐨勪綆鍘嬪姏銆?璇ュ間互 jiffies涓哄崟浣嶆祴閲忋?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_syn_retries 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆瀵逛簬涓涓柊寤鴻繛鎺ワ紝鍐呮牳瑕佸彂閫佸灝戜釜 SYN 榪炴帴璇鋒眰鎵嶅喅瀹氭斁寮冦備笉搴旇澶т簬255錛岄粯璁ゅ兼槸5錛屽搴斾簬180縐掑乏鍙熾?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_synack_retries 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆瀵逛簬榪滅鐨勮繛鎺ヨ姹係YN錛屽唴鏍鎬細鍙戦丼YN 錛?ACK鏁版嵁鎶ワ紝浠ョ‘璁ゆ敹鍒頒笂涓涓?SYN榪炴帴璇鋒眰鍖呫傝繖鏄墍璋撶殑涓夋鎻℃墜( threeway handshake)鏈哄埗鐨勭浜屼釜姝ラ銆傝繖閲屽喅瀹氬唴鏍稿湪鏀懼純榪炴帴涔嬪墠鎵閫佸嚭鐨?SYN+ACK 鏁扮洰銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_keepalive_time 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆褰搆eepalive鎵撳紑鐨勬儏鍐典笅錛孴CP鍙戦乲eepalive娑堟伅鐨勯鐜囷紝榛樿鍊兼槸2涓皬鏃躲?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_keepalive_probes 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆TCP鍙戦乲eepalive鎺㈡祴浠ョ‘瀹氳榪炴帴宸茬粡鏂紑鐨勬鏁幫紝榛樿鍊兼槸9銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_keepalive_interval 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆鎺㈡祴娑堟伅鍙戦佺殑棰戠巼錛屼箻浠cp_keepalive_probes灝卞緱鍒板浜庝粠寮濮嬫帰嫻嬩互鏉ユ病鏈夊搷搴旂殑榪炴帴鏉闄ょ殑鏃墮棿銆傞粯璁ゅ間負75縐掞紝涔熷氨鏄病鏈夋椿鍔ㄧ殑榪炴帴灝嗗湪澶х害11鍒嗛挓浠ュ悗灝嗚涓㈠純銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_retries1 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆褰撳嚭鐜板彲鐤戞儏鍐佃屽繀欏誨悜緗戠粶灞傛姤鍛婅繖涓彲鐤戠姸鍐典箣鍓?闇瑕佽繘琛屽灝戞閲嶈瘯銆傛渶浣庣殑 RFC 鏁板兼槸 3 榪欎篃鏄粯璁ゅ?鏍規嵁RTO鐨勫煎ぇ綰﹀湪3縐?- 8鍒嗛挓涔嬮棿銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_retries2 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆鍦ㄤ涪寮冩縺媧葷殑TCP榪炴帴涔嬪墠 闇瑕佽繘琛屽灝戞閲嶈瘯銆俁FC1122瑙勫畾錛岃鍊煎繀欏誨ぇ浜?00縐掋傞粯璁ゅ間負15錛屾牴鎹甊TO鐨勫兼潵鍐沖畾錛岀浉褰撲簬13-30鍒嗛挓錛?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_orphan_retries 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆鍦ㄨ繎绔涪寮僒CP榪炴帴涔嬪墠 瑕佽繘琛屽灝戞閲嶈瘯銆傞粯璁ゅ兼槸 7 涓?鐩稿綋浜?50縐?- 16鍒嗛挓 瑙?RTO 鑰屽畾銆傚鏋滄偍鐨勭郴緇熸槸璐熻澆寰堝ぇ鐨剋eb鏈嶅姟鍣?閭d箞涔熻闇瑕侀檷浣庤鍊?榪欑被 sockets 鍙兘浼氳楄垂澶ч噺鐨勮祫婧愩傚彟澶栧弬鐨勮?tcp_max_orphans 銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_fin_timeout 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆瀵逛簬鏈鏂紑鐨剆ocket榪炴帴錛孴CP淇濇寔鍦‵IN-WAIT-2鐘舵佺殑鏃墮棿銆傚鏂瑰彲鑳戒細鏂紑榪炴帴鎴栦竴鐩翠笉緇撴潫榪炴帴鎴栦笉鍙鏂欑殑榪涚▼姝諱骸銆傞粯 璁ゅ間負 60 縐掋傝繃鍘誨湪2.2鐗堟湰鐨勫唴鏍鎬腑鏄?180 縐掋傛偍鍙互璁劇疆璇ュ?浣嗛渶瑕佹敞鎰?濡傛灉鎮ㄧ殑鏈哄櫒涓鴻礋杞藉緢閲嶇殑web鏈嶅姟鍣?鎮ㄥ彲鑳借鍐掑唴瀛樿澶ч噺鏃犳晥鏁版嵁鎶ュ~婊$殑椋庨櫓 FIN-WAIT-2 sockets 鐨勫嵄闄╂т綆浜?FIN-WAIT-1 鍥犱負瀹冧滑鏈澶氬彧鍚?1.5K 鐨勫唴瀛?浣嗘槸瀹冧滑瀛樺湪鏃墮棿鏇撮暱銆傚彟澶栧弬鑰?tcp_max_orphans銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_max_tw_buckets 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆緋葷粺鍦ㄥ悓鏃舵墍澶勭悊鐨勬渶澶imewait sockets 鏁扮洰銆傚鏋滆秴榪囨鏁扮殑璇?time-wait socket 浼氳绔嬪嵆鐮嶉櫎騫朵笖鏄劇ず璀﹀憡淇℃伅銆備箣鎵浠ヨ璁懼畾榪欎釜闄愬埗 綰補涓轟簡鎶靛盡閭d簺綆鍗曠殑 DoS 鏀誨嚮 鍗冧竾涓嶈浜轟負鐨勯檷浣庤繖涓檺鍒?涓嶈繃 濡傛灉緗戠粶鏉′歡闇瑕佹瘮榛樿鍊兼洿澶?鍒欏彲浠ユ彁楂樺畠(鎴栬榪樿澧炲姞鍐呭瓨)銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_tw_recycle 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氬竷灝?/p>

銆銆鎵撳紑蹇?TIME-WAIT sockets 鍥炴敹銆傞粯璁ゅ兼槸1銆傞櫎闈炲緱鍒版妧鏈笓瀹剁殑寤鴻鎴栬姹?璇蜂笉瑕侀殢鎰忎慨鏀硅繖涓箋?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_max_orphans 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆緋葷粺鎵鑳藉鐞嗕笉灞炰簬浠諱綍榪涚▼鐨凾CP sockets鏈澶ф暟閲忋傚亣濡傝秴榪囪繖涓暟閲?閭d箞涓嶅睘浜庝換浣曡繘紼嬬殑榪炴帴浼氳绔嬪嵆reset錛屽茍鍚屾椂鏄劇ず璀﹀憡淇℃伅銆備箣鎵浠ヨ璁懼畾榪欎釜闄愬埗 綰補涓轟簡鎶靛盡閭d簺綆鍗曠殑 DoS 鏀誨嚮 鍗冧竾涓嶈渚濊禆榪欎釜鎴栨槸浜轟負鐨勯檷浣庤繖涓檺鍒?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_abort_on_overflow 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氬竷灝?/p>

銆銆褰撳畧鎶よ繘紼嬪お蹇欒屼笉鑳芥帴鍙楁柊鐨勮繛鎺ワ紝灝辮薄瀵規柟鍙戦乺eset娑堟伅錛岄粯璁ゅ兼槸false銆傝繖鎰忓懗鐫褰撴孩鍑虹殑鍘熷洜鏄洜涓轟竴涓伓鐒剁殑鐚濆彂錛岄偅涔堣繛鎺ュ皢鎭㈠鐘舵併傚彧鏈夊湪浣犵‘淇″畧鎶よ繘紼嬬湡鐨勪笉鑳藉畬鎴愯繛鎺ヨ姹傛椂鎵嶆墦寮璇ラ夐」錛岃閫夐」浼氬獎鍝嶅鎴風殑浣跨敤銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_syncookies 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆鍙湁鍦ㄥ唴鏍哥紪璇戞椂閫夋嫨浜咰ONFIG_SYNCOOKIES鏃舵墠浼氬彂鐢熶綔鐢ㄣ傚綋鍑虹幇syn絳夊欓槦鍒楀嚭鐜版孩鍑烘椂璞″鏂瑰彂閫乻yncookies銆傜洰鐨勬槸涓轟簡闃叉syn flood鏀誨嚮銆傞粯璁ゅ兼槸false銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆娉ㄦ剰錛氳閫夐」鍗冧竾涓嶈兘鐢ㄤ簬閭d簺娌℃湁鏀跺埌鏀誨嚮鐨勯珮璐熻澆鏈嶅姟鍣紝濡傛灉鍦ㄦ棩蹇椾腑鍑虹幇synflood娑堟伅錛屼絾鏄皟鏌ュ彂鐜版病鏈夋敹鍒皊ynflood鏀?鍑伙紝鑰屾槸鍚堟硶鐢ㄦ埛鐨勮繛鎺ヨ礋杞借繃楂樼殑鍘熷洜錛屼綘搴旇璋冩暣鍏跺畠鍙傛暟鏉ユ彁楂樻湇鍔″櫒鎬ц兘銆傚弬鑰? tcp_max_syn_backlog, tcp_synack_retries, tcp_abort_on_overflow.

銆銆

銆銆syncookie涓ラ噸鐨勮繚鑳孴CP鍗忚錛屼笉鍏佽浣跨敤TCP鎵╁睍錛屽彲鑳藉鏌愪簺鏈嶅姟瀵艱嚧涓ラ噸鐨勬ц兘褰卞搷(濡係MTP杞彂)銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_stdurg 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆浣跨敤 TCP urg pointer 瀛楁涓殑涓繪満璇鋒眰瑙i噴鍔熻兘銆傚ぇ閮ㄤ喚鐨勪富鏈洪兘浣跨敤鑰佹棫鐨?BSD瑙i噴錛屽洜姝ゅ鏋滄偍鍦?Linux 鎵撳紑瀹?鎴栦細瀵艱嚧涓嶈兘鍜屽畠浠紜矡閫氥傞粯璁ゅ間負涓?FALSE

銆銆

銆銆tcp_max_syn_backlog 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆瀵逛簬閭d簺渚濈劧榪樻湭鑾峰緱瀹㈡埛绔‘璁ょ殑榪炴帴璇鋒眰 闇瑕佷繚瀛樺湪闃熷垪涓渶澶ф暟鐩傚浜庤秴榪?128Mb 鍐呭瓨鐨勭郴緇?榛樿鍊兼槸 1024 浣庝簬 128Mb 鐨勫垯涓?128銆傚鏋滄湇鍔″櫒緇忓父鍑虹幇榪囪澆 鍙互灝濊瘯澧炲姞榪欎釜鏁板瓧銆傝鍛?鍋囧鎮ㄥ皢姝ゅ艱涓哄ぇ浜?1024 鏈濂戒慨鏀?include/net/tcp.h 閲岄潰鐨?TCP_SYNQ_HSIZE 浠ヤ繚鎸?TCP_SYNQ_HSIZE*16<=tcp_max_syn_backlog 騫朵笖緙栬繘鏍稿績涔嬪唴銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_window_scaling 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氬竷灝?/p>

銆銆姝e父鏉ヨ錛孴CP/IP 鍙互鎺ュ彈鏈澶у埌65535瀛楄妭鐨?windows銆傚浜庡甯︾綉緇滐紝璇ュ煎彲鑳芥槸涓嶅鐨勶紝閫氳繃璋冩暣璇ュ弬鏁版湁鍔╀簬鎻愰珮瀹藉甫鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦц兘銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_timestamps 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氬竷灝?/p>

銆銆Timestamps 鐢ㄥ湪鍏跺畠涓浜涗笢瑗夸腑 鍙互闃茶寖閭d簺浼犵殑 sequence 鍙風爜銆備竴鏉?G鐨勫甯︾嚎璺垨璁鎬細閲嶉亣鍒板甫 out-of-line鏁板肩殑鏃equence 鍙風爜(鍋囧瀹冩槸鐢變簬涓婃浜х敓鐨?銆俆imestamp 浼氳瀹冪煡閬撹繖鏄釜 '鏃у皝鍖?銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_sack 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氬竷灝?/p>

銆銆浣跨敤 Selective ACK 瀹冨彲浠ョ敤鏉ユ煡鎵劇壒瀹氱殑閬楀け鐨勬暟鎹姤--- 鍥犳鏈夊姪浜庡揩閫熸仮澶嶇姸鎬併?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_fack 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氬竷灝?/p>

銆銆鎵撳紑FACK鎷ュ閬垮厤鍜屽揩閫熼噸浼犲姛鑳姐?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_dsack 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氬竷灝?/p>

銆銆鍏佽TCP鍙戦?涓や釜瀹屽叏鐩稿悓"鐨凷ACK銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_ecn 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氬竷灝?/p>

銆銆鎵撳紑TCP鐨勭洿鎺ユ嫢濉為氬憡鍔熻兘銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_reordering 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氭暣鍨?/p>

銆銆TCP嫻佷腑閲嶆帓搴忕殑鏁版嵁鎶ユ渶澶ф暟閲忛粯璁ゅ兼槸 3 銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_retrans_collapse 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷錛氬竷灝?/p>

銆銆瀵逛簬鏌愪簺鏈塨ug鐨勬墦鍗版満鎻愪緵閽堝鍏禸ug鐨勫吋瀹規с?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_wmem - 涓変釜鏁存暟鐨勫悜閲忥細 min, default, max

銆銆min錛氫負TCP socket棰勭暀鐢ㄤ簬鍙戦佺紦鍐茬殑鍐呭瓨鏈灝忓箋傛瘡涓猼cp socket閮藉彲浠ュ湪寤鴻浠ュ悗閮藉彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄥ畠銆傞粯璁ゅ間負4K銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆default錛氫負TCP socket棰勭暀鐢ㄤ簬鍙戦佺紦鍐茬殑鍐呭瓨鏁伴噺錛岄粯璁ゆ儏鍐典笅璇ュ間細褰卞搷鍏跺畠鍗忚浣跨敤鐨刵et.core.wmem_default 鍊鹼紝涓鑸浣庝簬net.core.wmem_default鐨勫箋傞粯璁ゅ間負16K銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆max: 鐢ㄤ簬TCP socket鍙戦佺紦鍐茬殑鍐呭瓨鏈澶у箋傝鍊間笉浼氬獎鍝峮et.core.wmem_max錛屼粖澶╅夋嫨鍙傛暟SO_SNDBUF鍒欎笉鍙楄鍊煎獎鍝嶃傞粯璁ゅ間負128K銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_rmem - 涓変釜鏁存暟鐨勫悜閲忥細 min, default, max

銆銆min錛氫負TCP socket棰勭暀鐢ㄤ簬鎺ユ敹緙撳啿鐨勫唴瀛樻暟閲忥紝鍗充嬌鍦ㄥ唴瀛樺嚭鐜扮揣寮犳儏鍐典笅tcp socket閮借嚦灝戜細鏈夎繖涔堝鏁伴噺鐨勫唴瀛樼敤浜庢帴鏀剁紦鍐詫紝榛樿鍊間負8K銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆default錛氫負TCP socket棰勭暀鐢ㄤ簬鎺ユ敹緙撳啿鐨勫唴瀛樻暟閲忥紝榛樿鎯呭喌涓嬭鍊煎獎鍝嶅叾瀹冨崗璁嬌鐢ㄧ殑 net.core.wmem_default 鍊箋傝鍊煎喅瀹氫簡鍦╰cp_adv_win_scale銆乼cp_app_win鍜宼cp_app_win:0鏄粯璁ゅ兼儏鍐典笅錛宼cp 紿楀彛澶у皬涓?5535銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆max錛氱敤浜嶵CP socket鎺ユ敹緙撳啿鐨勫唴瀛樻渶澶у箋傝鍊間笉浼氬獎鍝?net.core.wmem_max錛屼粖澶╅夋嫨鍙傛暟 SO_SNDBUF鍒欎笉鍙楄鍊煎獎鍝嶃傞粯璁ゅ間負 128K銆傞粯璁ゅ間負87380*2 bytes銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_mem - 涓変釜鏁存暟鐨勫悜閲忥細 low, pressure, high

銆銆low錛氬綋TCP浣跨敤浜嗕綆浜庤鍊肩殑鍐呭瓨欏甸潰鏁版椂錛孴CP涓嶄細鑰冭檻閲婃斁鍐呭瓨銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆pressure錛氬綋TCP浣跨敤浜嗚秴榪囪鍊肩殑鍐呭瓨欏甸潰鏁伴噺鏃訛紝TCP璇曞浘紼沖畾鍏跺唴瀛樹嬌鐢紝榪涘叆pressure妯″紡錛屽綋鍐呭瓨娑堣椾綆浜巐ow鍊兼椂鍒欓鍑簆ressure鐘舵併?/p>

銆銆

銆銆high錛氬厑璁告墍鏈塼cp sockets鐢ㄤ簬鎺掗槦緙撳啿鏁版嵁鎶ョ殑欏甸潰閲忋?/p>

銆銆

銆銆涓鑸儏鍐典笅榪欎簺鍊兼槸鍦ㄧ郴緇熷惎鍔ㄦ椂鏍規嵁緋葷粺鍐呭瓨鏁伴噺璁$畻寰楀埌鐨勩?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_app_win - 鏁存暟

銆銆

銆銆淇濈暀max(window/2^tcp_app_win, mss)鏁伴噺鐨勭獥鍙g敱浜庡簲鐢ㄧ紦鍐層傚綋涓?鏃惰〃紺轟笉闇瑕佺紦鍐層傞粯璁ゅ兼槸31銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆tcp_adv_win_scale - 鏁存暟

銆銆璁$畻緙撳啿寮閿bytes/2^tcp_adv_win_scale(濡傛灉tcp_adv_win_scale > 0)鎴栬卋ytes-bytes/2^(-tcp_adv_win_scale)(濡傛灉tcp_adv_win_scale <= 0錛夛紝榛樿鍊間負2銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆ip_local_port_range - 涓や釜鏁存暟

銆銆瀹氫簬TCP鍜孶DP浣跨敤鐨勬湰鍦扮鍙h寖鍥達紝絎竴涓暟鏄紑濮嬶紝絎簩涓暟鏄渶鍚庣鍙e彿錛岄粯璁ゅ間緷璧栦簬緋葷粺涓彲鐢ㄧ殑鍐呭瓨鏁幫細

銆銆> 128Mb 32768-61000

銆銆< 128Mb 1024-4999 or even less.

銆銆璇ュ煎喅瀹氫簡媧誨姩榪炴帴鐨勬暟閲忥紝涔熷氨鏄郴緇熷彲浠ュ茍鍙戠殑榪炴帴鏁?/p>

銆銆

銆銆icmp_echo_ignore_all - 甯冨皵綾誨瀷

銆銆icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts - 甯冨皵綾誨瀷

銆銆濡傛灉浠諱綍涓涓緗負true(>0)鍒欑郴緇熷皢蹇界暐鎵鏈夊彂閫佺粰鑷繁鐨処CMP ECHO璇鋒眰鎴栭偅浜涘箍鎾湴鍧鐨勮姹傘?/p>

銆銆

銆銆icmp_destunreach_rate - 鏁存暟

銆銆icmp_paramprob_rate - 鏁存暟

銆銆icmp_timeexceed_rate - 鏁存暟

銆銆icmp_echoreply_rate - 鏁存暟(not enabled per default)

銆銆闄愬埗鍙戝悜鐗瑰畾鐩爣鐨処CMP鏁版嵁鎶ョ殑鏈澶ч熺巼銆?琛ㄧず娌℃湁浠諱綍闄愬埗錛屽惁鍒欒〃紺簀iffies鏁版嵁鍗曚綅涓厑璁稿彂閫佺殑涓暟銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses - 甯冨皵綾誨瀷

銆銆鏌愪簺璺敱鍣ㄨ繚鑳孯FC1122鏍囧噯錛屽叾瀵瑰箍鎾撫鍙戦佷吉閫犵殑鍝嶅簲鏉ュ簲絳斻傝繖縐嶈繚鑳岃涓洪氬父浼氳浠ュ憡璀︾殑鏂瑰紡璁板綍鍦ㄧ郴緇熸棩蹇椾腑銆傚鏋滆閫夐」璁劇疆涓篢rue錛屽唴鏍鎬笉浼氳褰曡繖縐嶈鍛婁俊鎭傞粯璁ゅ間負False銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆(1) Jiffie: 鍐呮牳浣跨敤鐨勫唴閮ㄦ椂闂村崟浣嶏紝鍦╥386緋葷粺涓婂ぇ灝忎負1/100s錛屽湪Alpha涓負1/1024S銆傚湪/usr/include/asm/param.h涓殑HZ瀹氫箟鏈夌壒瀹氱郴緇熺殑鍊箋?/p>

銆銆

銆銆conf/interface/*:

銆銆conf/all/*鏄壒瀹氱殑錛岀敤鏉ヤ慨鏀規墍鏈夋帴鍙g殑璁劇疆錛宨s special and changes the settings for all interfaces.

銆銆Change special settings per interface.

銆銆

銆銆log_martians - 甯冨皵綾誨瀷

銆銆璁板綍甯︽湁涓嶅厑璁哥殑鍦板潃鐨勬暟鎹姤鍒板唴鏍告棩蹇椾腑銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆accept_redirects - 甯冨皵綾誨瀷

銆銆鏀跺彂鎺ユ敹ICMP閲嶅畾鍚戞秷鎭傚浜庝富鏈烘潵璇撮粯璁や負True錛屽浜庣敤浣滆礬鐢卞櫒鏃墮粯璁ゅ間負False銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆forwarding - 甯冨皵綾誨瀷

銆銆鍦ㄨ鎺ュ彛鎵撳紑杞彂鍔熻兘

銆銆

銆銆mc_forwarding - 甯冨皵綾誨瀷

銆銆鏄惁榪涜澶氭挱璺敱銆傚彧鏈夊唴鏍哥紪璇戞湁CONFIG_MROUTE騫朵笖鏈夎礬鐢辨湇鍔$▼搴忓湪榪愯璇ュ弬鏁版墠鏈夋晥銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆proxy_arp - 甯冨皵綾誨瀷

銆銆鎵撳紑proxy arp鍔熻兘銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆shared_media - 甯冨皵綾誨瀷

銆銆鍙戦?璺敱鍣?鎴栨帴鏀?涓繪満) RFC1620 鍏變韓濯掍綋閲嶅畾鍚戙傝鐩杋p_secure_redirects鐨勫箋傞粯璁や負True銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆secure_redirects - 甯冨皵綾誨瀷

銆銆浠呬粎鎺ユ敹鍙戠粰榛樿緗戝叧鍒楄〃涓綉鍏崇殑ICMP閲嶅畾鍚戞秷鎭紝榛樿鍊兼槸TRUE銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆send_redirects - 甯冨皵綾誨瀷

銆銆濡傛灉鏄痳outer錛屽彂閫侀噸瀹氬悜娑堟伅錛岄粯璁ゅ兼槸TRUE

銆銆

銆銆bootp_relay - 甯冨皵綾誨瀷

銆銆鎺ユ敹婧愬湴鍧涓?.b.c.d錛岀洰鐨勫湴鍧涓嶆槸鏈満鐨勬暟鎹姤銆傜敤鏉ユ敮鎸丅OOTP杞彂鏈嶅姟榪涚▼錛岃榪涚▼灝嗘崟鑾峰茍杞彂璇ュ寘銆傞粯璁や負False錛岀洰鍓嶈繕娌℃湁瀹炵幇銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆accept_source_route - 甯冨皵綾誨瀷

銆銆鎺ユ敹甯︽湁SRR閫夐」鐨勬暟鎹姤銆傚浜庝富鏈烘潵璇撮粯璁や負False錛屽浜庣敤浣滆礬鐢卞櫒鏃墮粯璁ゅ間負True銆?/p>

銆銆

銆銆rp_filter 鍙傛暟綾誨瀷

銆銆1 - 閫氳繃鍙嶅悜璺緞鍥炴函榪涜婧愬湴鍧楠岃瘉(鍦≧FC1812涓畾涔?銆傚浜庡崟絀翠富鏈哄拰stub緗戠粶璺敱鍣ㄦ帹鑽愪嬌鐢ㄨ閫夐」銆?/p>

銆銆0 - 涓嶉氳繃鍙嶅悜璺緞鍥炴函榪涜婧愬湴鍧楠岃瘉銆?/p>

銆銆榛樿鍊間負0銆傛煇浜涘彂甯冨湪鍚姩鏃惰嚜鍔ㄥ皢鍏舵墦寮銆?br>
 from:http://blog.chinaunix.net/u2/76292/showart_1327412.html



chatler 2009-12-11 23:17 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
鐞嗚ВLinux緋葷粺鐨勬棩蹇?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/07/102757.html</link><dc:creator>chatler</dc:creator><author>chatler</author><pubDate>Mon, 07 Dec 2009 15:08:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/07/102757.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/102757.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/07/102757.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/102757.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/102757.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p>鏃ュ織瀵逛簬瀹夊叏鏉ヨ錛岄潪甯擱噸瑕侊紝浠栬褰曚簡緋葷粺姣忓ぉ鍙戠敓鐨勫悇縐嶅悇鏍風殑浜嬫儏錛屼綘鍙互閫氳繃浠栨潵媯鏌ラ敊璇彂鐢?/p> <p>鐨勫師鍥狅紝鎴栬呭彈鍒版敾鍑繪椂鏀誨嚮鑰呯暀涓嬬殑鐥曡抗銆傛棩蹇椾富瑕佺殑鍔熻兘鏈夛細瀹¤鍜岀洃嫻嬨備粬榪樺彲浠ュ疄鏃剁殑鐩戞祴緋葷粺鐘舵侊紝</p> <p>鐩戞祴鍜岃拷韙鏡鍏ヨ呯瓑絳夈?/p> <p> </p> <p>銆銆1. 鏃ュ織綆浠?/p> <p>銆銆鏃ュ織瀵逛簬瀹夊叏鏉ヨ錛岄潪甯擱噸瑕侊紝浠栬褰曚簡緋葷粺姣忓ぉ鍙戠敓鐨勫悇縐嶅悇鏍風殑浜嬫儏錛屼綘鍙互閫氳繃浠栨潵媯鏌ラ敊璇彂鐢?/p> <p>鐨勫師鍥狅紝鎴栬呭彈鍒版敾鍑繪椂鏀誨嚮鑰呯暀涓嬬殑鐥曡抗銆傛棩蹇椾富瑕佺殑鍔熻兘鏈夛細瀹¤鍜岀洃嫻嬨備粬榪樺彲浠ュ疄鏃剁殑鐩戞祴緋葷粺鐘舵侊紝</p> <p>鐩戞祴鍜岃拷韙鏡鍏ヨ呯瓑絳夈?/p> <p>銆銆鍦↙inux緋葷粺涓紝鏈変笁涓富瑕佺殑鏃ュ織瀛愮郴緇燂細</p> <p>銆銆榪炴帴鏃墮棿鏃ュ織--鐢卞涓▼搴忔墽琛岋紝鎶婄邯褰曞啓鍏ュ埌/var/log/wtmp鍜?var/run/utmp錛宭ogin絳夌▼搴忔洿</p> <p>鏂皐tmp鍜寀tmp鏂囦歡錛屼嬌緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樿兘澶熻窡韙皝鍦ㄤ綍鏃剁櫥褰曞埌緋葷粺銆?/p> <p>銆銆榪涚▼緇熻--鐢辯郴緇熷唴鏍告墽琛屻傚綋涓涓繘紼嬬粓姝㈡椂錛屼負姣忎釜榪涚▼寰榪涚▼緇熻鏂囦歡錛坧acct鎴朼cct錛変腑鍐欎竴涓?/p> <p>綰綍銆傝繘紼嬬粺璁$殑鐩殑鏄負緋葷粺涓殑鍩烘湰鏈嶅姟鎻愪緵鍛戒護浣跨敤緇熻銆?/p> <p>銆銆閿欒鏃ュ織--鐢眘yslogd錛?錛夋墽琛屻傚悇縐嶇郴緇熷畧鎶よ繘紼嬨佺敤鎴風▼搴忓拰鍐呮牳閫氳繃syslog錛?錛夊悜鏂囦歡</p> <p>/var/log/messages鎶ュ憡鍊煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勪簨浠躲傚彟澶栨湁璁稿UNIX紼嬪簭鍒涘緩鏃ュ織銆傚儚HTTP鍜孎TP榪欐牱鎻愪緵緗戠粶鏈?/p> <p>鍔$殑鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ篃淇濇寔璇︾粏鐨勬棩蹇椼?/p> <p>銆銆甯哥敤鐨勬棩蹇楁枃浠跺涓嬶細</p> <p>銆銆access-log 綰綍HTTP/web鐨勪紶杈?/p> <p>銆銆acct/pacct 綰綍鐢ㄦ埛鍛戒護</p> <p>銆銆aculog 綰綍MODEM鐨勬椿鍔?/p> <p>銆銆btmp 綰綍澶辮觸鐨勭邯褰?/p> <p>銆銆lastlog 綰綍鏈榪戝嚑嬈℃垚鍔熺櫥褰曠殑浜嬩歡鍜屾渶鍚庝竴嬈′笉鎴愬姛鐨勭櫥褰?/p> <p>銆銆messages 浠巗yslog涓褰曚俊鎭紙鏈夌殑閾炬帴鍒皊yslog鏂囦歡錛?/p> <p>銆銆sudolog 綰綍浣跨敤sudo鍙戝嚭鐨勫懡浠?/p> <p>銆銆sulog 綰綍浣跨敤su鍛戒護鐨勪嬌鐢?/p> <p>銆銆syslog 浠巗yslog涓褰曚俊鎭紙閫氬父閾炬帴鍒癿essages鏂囦歡錛?/p> <p>銆銆utmp 綰綍褰撳墠鐧誨綍鐨勬瘡涓敤鎴?/p> <p>銆銆wtmp 涓涓敤鎴鋒瘡嬈$櫥褰曡繘鍏ュ拰閫鍑烘椂闂寸殑姘鎬箙綰綍</p> <p>銆銆xferlog 綰綍FTP浼氳瘽</p> <p>銆銆utmp銆亀tmp鍜宭astlog鏃ュ織鏂囦歡鏄鏁伴噸鐢║NIX鏃ュ織瀛愮郴緇熺殑鍏抽敭--淇濇寔鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍榪涘叆鍜岄鍑虹殑綰綍銆?/p> <p>鏈夊叧褰撳墠鐧誨綍鐢ㄦ埛鐨勪俊鎭褰曞湪鏂囦歡utmp涓紱鐧誨綍榪涘叆鍜岄鍑虹邯褰曞湪鏂囦歡wtmp涓紱鏈鍚庝竴嬈$櫥褰曟枃浠跺彲浠?/p> <p>鐢╨astlog鍛戒護瀵熺湅銆傛暟鎹氦鎹€佸叧鏈哄拰閲嶈搗涔熻褰曞湪wtmp鏂囦歡涓傛墍鏈夌殑綰綍閮藉寘鍚椂闂存埑銆傝繖浜涙枃浠?/p> <p>錛坙astlog閫氬父涓嶅ぇ錛夊湪鍏鋒湁澶ч噺鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭郴緇熶腑澧為暱鍗佸垎榪呴熴備緥濡倃tmp鏂囦歡鍙互鏃犻檺澧為暱錛岄櫎闈炲畾鏈熸埅鍙栥?/p> <p>璁稿緋葷粺浠ヤ竴澶╂垨鑰呬竴鍛ㄤ負鍗曚綅鎶妛tmp閰嶇疆鎴愬驚鐜嬌鐢ㄣ傚畠閫氬父鐢眂ron榪愯鐨勮剼鏈潵淇敼銆傝繖浜涜剼鏈噸鏂板懡</p> <p>鍚嶅茍寰幆浣跨敤wtmp鏂囦歡銆傞氬父錛寃tmp鍦ㄧ涓澶╃粨鏉熷悗鍛藉悕涓簑tmp.1錛涚浜屽ぉ鍚巜tmp.1鍙樹負wtmp.2絳夌瓑錛岀洿</p> <p>鍒皐tmp.7銆?/p> <p>銆銆姣忔鏈変竴涓敤鎴風櫥褰曟椂錛宭ogin紼嬪簭鍦ㄦ枃浠秎astlog涓療鐪嬬敤鎴風殑UID銆傚鏋滄壘鍒頒簡錛屽垯鎶婄敤鎴蜂笂嬈$櫥褰曘?/p> <p>閫鍑烘椂闂村拰涓繪満鍚嶅啓鍒版爣鍑嗚緭鍑轟腑錛岀劧鍚巐ogin紼嬪簭鍦╨astlog涓邯褰曟柊鐨勭櫥褰曟椂闂淬傚湪鏂扮殑lastlog綰綍鍐?/p> <p>鍏ュ悗錛寀tmp鏂囦歡鎵撳紑騫舵彃鍏ョ敤鎴風殑utmp綰綍銆傝綰綍涓鐩寸敤鍒扮敤鎴風櫥褰曢鍑烘椂鍒犻櫎銆倁tmp鏂囦歡琚悇縐嶅懡浠?/p> <p>鏂囦歡浣跨敤錛屽寘鎷瑆ho銆亀銆乽sers鍜宖inger銆?/p> <p>銆銆涓嬩竴姝ワ紝login紼嬪簭鎵撳紑鏂囦歡wtmp闄勫姞鐢ㄦ埛鐨剈tmp綰綍銆傚綋鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍閫鍑烘椂錛屽叿鏈夋洿鏂版椂闂存埑鐨勫悓</p> <p>涓utmp綰綍闄勫姞鍒版枃浠朵腑銆倃tmp鏂囦歡琚▼搴弆ast鍜宎c浣跨敤銆?/p> <p>銆銆2. 鍏蜂綋鍛戒護</p> <p>銆銆wtmp鍜寀tmp鏂囦歡閮芥槸浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠訛紝浠栦滑涓嶈兘琚濡倀ail鍛戒護鍓創鎴栧悎騫訛紙浣跨敤cat鍛戒護錛夈傜敤鎴?/p> <p>闇瑕佷嬌鐢╳ho銆亀銆乽sers銆乴ast鍜宎c鏉ヤ嬌鐢ㄨ繖涓や釜鏂囦歡鍖呭惈鐨勪俊鎭?/p> <p>銆銆who錛歸ho鍛戒護鏌ヨutmp鏂囦歡騫舵姤鍛婂綋鍓嶇櫥褰曠殑姣忎釜鐢ㄦ埛銆俉ho鐨勭己鐪佽緭鍑哄寘鎷敤鎴峰悕銆佺粓绔被鍨嬨佺櫥褰?/p> <p>鏃ユ湡鍙婅繙紼嬩富鏈恒備緥濡傦細who錛堝洖杞︼級鏄劇ず</p> <p><br>chyang pts/0 Aug 18 15:06<br>ynguo pts/2 Aug 18 15:32<br>ynguo pts/3 Aug 18 13:55<br>lewis pts/4 Aug 18 13:35<br>ynguo pts/7 Aug 18 14:12<br>ylou pts/8 Aug 18 14:15</p> <p><br>銆銆濡傛灉鎸囨槑浜唚tmp鏂囦歡閳?嫻? ?? ??銈?!鍚嶏紝鍒檞ho鍛戒護鏌ヨ鎵鏈変互鍓嶇殑綰綍銆傚懡浠ho /var/log/wtmp灝嗘姤鍛婅嚜浠巜tmp鏂囦歡</p> <p>鍒涘緩鎴栧垹鏀逛互鏉ョ殑姣忎竴嬈$櫥褰曘?/p> <p>銆銆w錛歸鍛戒護鏌ヨutmp鏂囦歡騫舵樉紺哄綋鍓嶇郴緇熶腑姣忎釜鐢ㄦ埛鍜屽畠鎵榪愯鐨勮繘紼嬩俊鎭備緥濡傦細w錛堝洖杞︼級鏄?/p> <p>紺猴細3:36pm up 1 day, 22:34, 6 users, load average: 0.23, 0.29, 0.27</p> <p><br>USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT<br>chyang pts/0 202.38.68.242 3:06pm 2:04 0.08s 0.04s -bash<br>ynguo pts/2 202.38.79.47 3:32pm 0.00s 0.14s 0.05s w<br>lewis pts/3 202.38.64.233 1:55pm 30:39 0.27s 0.22s -bash<br>lewis pts/4 202.38.64.233 1:35pm 6.00s 4.03s 0.01s sh /home/users/<br>ynguo pts/7 simba.nic.ustc.e 2:12pm 0.00s 0.47s 0.24s telnet mail<br>ylou pts/8 202.38.64.235 2:15pm 1:09m 0.10s 0.04s -bash</p> <p><br>銆銆users錛歶sers鐢ㄥ崟鐙殑涓琛屾墦鍗板嚭褰撳墠鐧誨綍鐨勭敤鎴鳳紝姣忎釜鏄劇ず鐨勭敤鎴峰悕瀵瑰簲涓涓櫥褰曚細璇濄傚鏋滀竴涓?/p> <p>鐢ㄦ埛鏈変笉姝竴涓櫥褰曚細璇濓紝閭d粬鐨勭敤鎴峰悕灝嗘樉紺虹浉鍚岀殑嬈℃暟銆備緥濡傦細users錛堝洖杞︼級鏄?/p> <p>紺猴細chyang lewis lewis ylou ynguo ynguo</p> <p>銆銆last錛歭ast鍛戒護寰鍥炴悳绱tmp鏉ユ樉紺鴻嚜浠庢枃浠剁涓嬈″垱寤轟互鏉ョ櫥褰曡繃鐨勭敤鎴楓備緥濡傦細</p> <p><br>chyang pts/9 202.38.68.242 Tue Aug 1 08:34 - 11:23 (02:49)<br>cfan pts/6 202.38.64.224 Tue Aug 1 08:33 - 08:48 (00:14)<br>chyang pts/4 202.38.68.242 Tue Aug 1 08:32 - 12:13 (03:40)<br>lewis pts/3 202.38.64.233 Tue Aug 1 08:06 - 11:09 (03:03)<br>lewis pts/2 202.38.64.233 Tue Aug 1 07:56 - 11:09 (03:12)</p> <p><br>銆銆濡傛灉鎸囨槑浜嗙敤鎴鳳紝閭d箞last鍙姤鍛婅鐢ㄦ埛鐨勮繎鏈熸椿鍔紝渚嬪錛歭ast ynguo錛堝洖杞︼級鏄劇ず錛?/p> <p><br>ynguo pts/4 simba.nic.ustc.e Fri Aug 4 16:50 - 08:20 (15:30)<br>ynguo pts/4 simba.nic.ustc.e Thu Aug 3 23:55 - 04:40 (04:44)<br>ynguo pts/11 simba.nic.ustc.e Thu Aug 3 20:45 - 22:02 (01:16)<br>ynguo pts/0 simba.nic.ustc.e Thu Aug 3 03:17 - 05:42 (02:25)<br>ynguo pts/0 simba.nic.ustc.e Wed Aug 2 01:04 - 03:16 1+02:12)<br>ynguo pts/0 simba.nic.ustc.e Wed Aug 2 00:43 - 00:54 (00:11)<br>ynguo pts/9 simba.nic.ustc.e Thu Aug 1 20:30 - 21:26 (00:55)</p> <p><br>銆銆ac錛歛c鍛戒護鏍規嵁褰撳墠鐨?var/log/wtmp鏂囦歡涓殑鐧誨綍榪涘叆鍜岄鍑烘潵鎶ュ憡鐢ㄦ埛榪炵粨鐨勬椂闂達紙灝忔椂錛夛紝</p> <p>濡傛灉涓嶄嬌鐢ㄦ爣蹇楋紝鍒欐姤鍛婃葷殑鏃墮棿銆備緥濡傦細ac錛堝洖杞︼級鏄劇ず錛歵otal 5177.47</p> <p>銆銆ac -d錛堝洖杞︼級鏄劇ず姣忓ぉ鐨勬葷殑榪炵粨鏃墮棿</p> <p><br>Aug 12 total 261.87<br>Aug 13 total 351.39<br>Aug 14 total 396.09<br>Aug 15 total 462.63<br>Aug 16 total 270.45<br>Aug 17 total 104.29<br>Today total 179.02</p> <p><br>銆銆ac -p 錛堝洖杞︼級鏄劇ず姣忎釜鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬葷殑榪炴帴鏃墮棿</p> <p><br>ynguo 193.23<br>yucao 3.35<br>rong 133.40<br>hdai 10.52<br>zjzhu 52.87<br>zqzhou 13.14<br>liangliu 24.34<br>total 5178.24</p> <p><br>銆銆last閳?嫻? ?? ??銈?!log錛歭astlog鏂囦歡鍦ㄦ瘡嬈℃湁鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍鏃惰鏌ヨ銆傚彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╨astlog鍛戒護鏉ユ鏌ユ煇鐗瑰畾鐢ㄦ埛涓婃</p> <p>鐧誨綍鐨勬椂闂達紝騫舵牸寮忓寲杈撳嚭涓婃鐧誨綍鏃ュ織/var/log/lastlog鐨勫唴瀹廣傚畠鏍規嵁UID鎺掑簭鏄劇ず鐧誨綍鍚嶃佺鍙?/p> <p>鍙鳳紙tty錛夊拰涓婃鐧誨綍鏃墮棿銆傚鏋滀竴涓敤鎴蜂粠鏈櫥褰曡繃錛宭astlog鏄劇ず"**Never logged**銆傛敞鎰忛渶瑕?/p> <p>浠oot榪愯璇ュ懡浠わ紝渚嬪錛?/p> <p><br>rong 5 202.38.64.187 Fri Aug 18 15:57:01 +0800 2000<br>dbb **Never logged in**<br>xinchen **Never logged in**<br>pb9511 **Never logged in**<br>xchen 0 202.38.64.190 Sun Aug 13 10:01:22 +0800 2000</p> <p><br>銆銆鍙﹀錛屽彲涓鍔犱竴浜涘弬鏁幫紝渚嬪錛宭ast -u 102灝嗘姤鍛奤ID涓?02鐨勭敤鎴鳳紱last -t 7琛ㄧず闄愬埗涓婁竴鍛ㄧ殑鎶ュ憡銆?/p> <p>銆銆3. 榪涚▼緇熻</p> <p>銆銆UNIX鍙互璺熻釜姣忎釜鐢ㄦ埛榪愯鐨勬瘡鏉″懡浠わ紝濡傛灉鎯崇煡閬撴槰鏅氬紕涔變簡鍝簺閲嶈鐨勬枃浠訛紝榪涚▼緇熻瀛愮郴緇熷彲</p> <p>浠ュ憡璇変綘銆傚畠瀵硅繕璺熻釜涓涓鏡鍏ヨ呮湁甯姪銆備笌榪炴帴鏃墮棿鏃ュ織涓嶅悓錛岃繘紼嬬粺璁″瓙緋葷粺緙虹渷涓嶆縺媧伙紝瀹冨繀欏誨惎</p> <p>鍔ㄣ傚湪Linux緋葷粺涓惎鍔ㄨ繘紼嬬粺璁′嬌鐢╝ccton鍛戒護錛屽繀欏葷敤root韜喚鏉ヨ繍琛屻侫ccton鍛戒護鐨勫艦</p> <p>寮廰ccton file錛宖ile蹇呴』鍏堝瓨鍦ㄣ傚厛浣跨敤touch鍛戒護鏉ュ垱寤簆acct鏂囦歡錛歵ouch /var/log/pacct錛?/p> <p>鐒跺悗榪愯accton錛?accton /var/log/pacct銆備竴鏃ccton琚縺媧伙紝灝卞彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╨astcomm鍛戒護鐩戞祴緋葷粺</p> <p>涓換浣曟椂鍊欐墽琛岀殑鍛戒護銆傝嫢瑕佸叧闂粺璁★紝鍙互浣跨敤涓嶅甫浠諱綍鍙傛暟鐨刟ccton鍛戒護銆?/p> <p>銆銆lastcomm鍛戒護鎶ュ憡浠ュ墠鎵ц鐨勬枃浠躲備笉甯﹀弬鏁版椂錛宭astcomm鍛戒護鏄劇ず褰撳墠緇熻鏂囦歡鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡鍐呯邯褰?/p> <p>鐨勬墍鏈夊懡浠ょ殑鏈夊叧淇℃伅銆傚寘鎷懡浠ゅ悕銆佺敤鎴楓乼ty銆佸懡浠よ姳璐圭殑CPU鏃墮棿鍜屼竴涓椂闂存埑銆傚鏋滅郴緇熸湁璁稿鐢?/p> <p>鎴鳳紝杈撳叆鍒欏彲鑳藉緢闀褲備笅闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙錛?/p> <p><br>crond F root ?? 0.00 secs Sun Aug 20 00:16<br>promisc_check.s S root ?? 0.04 secs Sun Aug 20 00:16<br>promisc_check root ?? 0.01 secs Sun Aug 20 00:16<br>grep root ?? 0.02 secs Sun Aug 20 00:16<br>tail root ?? 0.01 secs Sun Aug 20 00:16<br>sh root ?? 0.01 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>ping S root ?? 0.01 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>ping6.pl F root ?? 0.01 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>sh root ?? 0.01 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>ping S root ?? 0.02 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>ping6.pl F root ?? 0.02 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>sh root ?? 0.02 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>ping S root ?? 0.00 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>ping6.pl F root ?? 0.01 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>sh root ?? 0.01 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>ping S root ?? 0.01 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>sh root ?? 0.02 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>ping S root ?? 1.34 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>locate root ttyp0 1.34 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15<br>accton S root ttyp0 0.00 secs Sun Aug 20 00:15</p> <p><br>銆銆榪涚▼緇熻鐨勪竴涓棶棰樻槸pacct鏂囦歡鍙兘澧為暱鐨勫崄鍒嗚繀閫熴傝繖鏃墮渶瑕佷氦浜掑紡鐨勬垨緇忚繃cron鏈哄埗榪愯sa鍛?/p> <p>浠ゆ潵淇濇寔鏃ュ織鏁版嵁鍦ㄧ郴緇熸帶鍒跺唴銆俿a鍛戒護鎶ュ憡銆佹竻鐞嗗茍緇存姢榪涚▼緇熻鏂囦歡銆傚畠鑳芥妸/var/log/pacct涓殑淇?/p> <p>鎭帇緙╁埌鎽樿鏂囦歡/var/log/savacct鍜?var/log/usracct涓傝繖浜涙憳瑕佸寘鍚寜鍛戒護鍚嶅拰鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶅垎綾葷殑緋葷粺</p> <p>緇熻鏁版嵁銆俿a緙虹渷鎯呭喌涓嬪厛璇誨畠浠紝鐒跺悗璇籶acct鏂囦歡錛屼嬌鎶ュ憡鑳藉寘閳?嫻? ?? ??銈?!鍚墍鏈夌殑鍙敤淇℃伅銆俿a鐨勮緭鍑烘湁涓嬮潰涓</p> <p>浜涙爣璁伴」錛?/p> <p>銆銆avio--姣忔鎵ц鐨勫鉤鍧嘔/O鎿嶄綔嬈℃暟</p> <p>銆銆cp--鐢ㄦ埛鍜岀郴緇熸椂闂存誨拰錛屼互鍒嗛挓璁?/p> <p>銆銆cpu--鍜宑p涓鏍?/p> <p>銆銆k--鍐呮牳浣跨敤鐨勫鉤鍧嘋PU鏃墮棿錛屼互1k涓哄崟浣?/p> <p>銆銆k*sec--CPU瀛樺偍瀹屾暣鎬э紝浠?k-core縐?/p> <p>銆銆re--瀹炴椂鏃墮棿錛屼互鍒嗛挓璁?/p> <p>銆銆s--緋葷粺鏃墮棿錛屼互鍒嗛挓璁?/p> <p>銆銆tio--I/O鎿嶄綔鐨勬繪暟</p> <p>銆銆u--鐢ㄦ埛鏃墮棿錛屼互鍒嗛挓璁?/p> <p>銆銆渚嬪錛?/p> <p><br>842 173.26re 4.30cp 0avio 358k<br>2 10.98re 4.06cp 0avio 299k find<br>9 24.80re 0.05cp 0avio 291k ***other<br>105 30.44re 0.03cp 0avio 302k ping<br>104 30.55re 0.03cp 0avio 394k sh<br>162 0.11re 0.03cp 0avio 413k security.sh*<br>154 0.03re 0.02cp 0avio 273k ls<br>56 31.61re 0.02cp 0avio 823k ping6.pl*<br>2 3.23re 0.02cp 0avio 822k ping6.pl<br>35 0.02re 0.01cp 0avio 257k md5sum<br>97 0.02re 0.01cp 0avio 263k initlog<br>12 0.19re 0.01cp 0avio 399k promisc_check.s<br>15 0.09re 0.00cp 0avio 288k grep<br>11 0.08re 0.00cp 0avio 332k awk</p> <p><br>銆銆鐢ㄦ埛榪樺彲浠ユ牴鎹敤鎴瘋屼笉鏄懡浠ゆ潵鎻愪緵涓涓憳瑕佹姤鍛娿備緥濡俿a -m鏄劇ず濡備笅錛?/p> <p><br>885 173.28re 4.31cp 0avk<br>root 879 173.23re 4.31cp 0avk<br>alias 3 0.05re 0.00cp 0avk<br>qmailp 3 0.01re 0.00cp 0avk</p> <p><br>銆銆4. Syslog璁懼</p> <p>銆銆Syslog宸茶璁稿鏃ュ織鍑芥暟閲囩撼錛屽畠鐢ㄥ湪璁稿淇濇姢鎺柦涓?-浠諱綍紼嬪簭閮藉彲浠ラ氳繃syslog 綰綍浜嬩歡銆?br>syslog鍙互綰綍緋葷粺浜嬩歡錛屽彲浠ュ啓鍒頒竴涓枃浠舵垨璁懼涓紝鎴栫粰鐢ㄦ埛鍙戦佷竴涓俊鎭傚畠鑳界邯褰曟湰鍦頒簨浠舵垨閫氳繃</p> <p>緗戠粶綰綍鍙︿竴涓富鏈轟笂鐨勪簨浠躲?/p> <p>銆銆Syslog璁懼渚濇嵁涓や釜閲嶈鐨勬枃浠訛細/etc/syslogd錛堝畧鎶よ繘紼嬶級鍜?etc/syslog.conf閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛屼範鎯笂錛?/p> <p>澶氭暟syslog淇℃伅琚啓鍒?var/adm鎴?var/log鐩綍涓嬬殑淇℃伅鏂囦歡涓紙messages.*錛夈備竴涓吀鍨嬬殑syslog綰綍鍖?/p> <p>鎷敓鎴愮▼搴忕殑鍚嶅瓧鍜屼竴涓枃鏈俊鎭傚畠榪樺寘鎷竴涓澶囧拰涓涓紭鍏堢駭鑼冨洿錛堜絾涓嶅湪鏃ヤ箣涓嚭鐜幫級銆?/p> <p>銆銆姣忎釜syslog娑堟伅琚祴浜堜笅闈㈢殑涓昏璁懼涔嬩竴錛?/p> <p>銆銆LOG_AUTH--璁よ瘉緋葷粺錛歭ogin銆乻u銆乬etty絳?/p> <p>銆銆LOG_AUTHPRIV--鍚孡OG_AUTH錛屼絾鍙櫥褰曞埌鎵閫夋嫨鐨勫崟涓敤鎴峰彲璇葷殑鏂囦歡涓?/p> <p>銆銆LOG_CRON--cron瀹堟姢榪涚▼</p> <p>銆銆LOG_DAEMON--鍏朵粬緋葷粺瀹堟姢榪涚▼錛屽routed</p> <p>銆銆LOG_FTP--鏂囦歡浼犺緭鍗忚錛歠tpd銆乼ftpd</p> <p>銆銆LOG_KERN--鍐呮牳浜х敓鐨勬秷鎭?/p> <p>銆銆LOG_LPR--緋葷粺鎵撳嵃鏈虹紦鍐叉睜錛歭pr銆乴pd</p> <p>銆銆LOG_MAIL--鐢靛瓙閭歡緋葷粺</p> <p>銆銆LOG_NEWS--緗戠粶鏂伴椈緋葷粺</p> <p>銆銆LOG_SYSLOG--鐢眘yslogd錛?錛変駭鐢熺殑鍐呴儴娑堟伅</p> <p>銆銆LOG_USER--闅忔満鐢ㄦ埛榪涚▼浜х敓鐨勬秷鎭?/p> <p>銆銆LOG_UUCP--UUCP瀛愮郴緇?/p> <p>銆銆LOG_LOCAL0~LOG_LOCAL7--涓烘湰鍦頒嬌鐢ㄤ繚鐣?/p> <p>銆銆Syslog涓烘瘡涓簨浠惰祴浜堝嚑涓笉鍚岀殑浼樺厛綰э細</p> <p>銆銆LOG_EMERG--绱фユ儏鍐?/p> <p>銆銆LOG_ALERT--搴旇琚珛鍗蟲敼姝g殑闂錛屽緋葷粺鏁版嵁搴撶牬鍧?/p> <p>銆銆LOG_CRIT--閲嶈鎯呭喌錛屽紜洏閿欒</p> <p>銆銆LOG_ERR--閿欒</p> <p>銆銆LOG_WARNING--璀﹀憡淇℃伅</p> <p>銆銆LOG_NOTICE--涓嶆槸閿欒鎯呭喌錛屼絾鏄彲鑳介渶瑕佸鐞?/p> <p>銆銆LOG_INFO--鎯呮姤淇℃伅</p> <p>銆銆LOG_DEBUG--鍖呭惈鎯呮姤鐨勪俊鎭紝閫氬父鏃ㄥ湪璋冭瘯涓涓▼搴忔椂浣跨敤</p> <p>銆銆syslog.conf鏂囦歡鎸囨槑syslogd紼嬪簭綰綍鏃ュ織鐨勮涓猴紝璇ョ▼搴忓湪鍚姩鏃舵煡璇㈤厤緗枃浠躲傝鏂囦歡鐢變笉鍚岀▼</p> <p>搴忔垨娑堟伅鍒嗙被鐨勫崟涓潯鐩粍鎴愶紝姣忎釜鍗犱竴琛屻傚姣忕被娑堟伅鎻愪緵涓涓夋嫨鍩熷拰涓涓姩浣滃煙銆傝繖浜涘煙鐢眛ab闅斿紑錛?/p> <p>閫夋嫨鍩熼垁?嫻? ?? ??銈?!鎸囨槑娑堟伅鐨勭被鍨嬪拰浼樺厛綰э紱鍔ㄤ綔鍩熸寚鏄巗yslogd鎺ユ敹鍒頒竴涓笌閫夋嫨鏍囧噯鐩稿尮閰嶇殑娑堟伅鏃舵墍鎵ц鐨勫姩浣溿?/p> <p>姣忎釜閫夐」鏄敱璁懼鍜屼紭鍏堢駭緇勬垚銆傚綋鎸囨槑涓涓紭鍏堢駭鏃訛紝syslogd灝嗙邯褰曚竴涓嫢鏈夌浉鍚屾垨鏇撮珮浼樺厛綰х殑娑堟伅銆?/p> <p>鎵浠ュ鏋滄寚鏄?crit"錛岄偅鎵鏈夋爣涓篶rit銆乤lert鍜宔merg鐨勬秷鎭皢琚邯褰曘傛瘡琛岀殑琛屽姩鍩熸寚鏄庡綋閫夋嫨鍩熼夋嫨浜嗕竴涓?/p> <p>緇欏畾娑堟伅鍚庡簲璇ユ妸浠栧彂閫佸埌鍝効銆備緥濡傦紝濡傛灉鎯蟲妸鎵鏈夐偖浠舵秷鎭邯褰曞埌涓涓枃浠朵腑錛屽涓嬶細</p> <p><br>#Log all the mail messages in one place<br>mail.* /var/log/maillog</p> <p><br>銆銆鍏朵粬璁懼涔熸湁鑷繁鐨勬棩蹇椼俇UCP鍜宯ews璁懼鑳戒駭鐢熻澶氬閮ㄦ秷鎭傚畠鎶婅繖浜涙秷鎭瓨鍒拌嚜宸辯殑鏃ュ織</p> <p>錛?var/log/spooler錛変腑騫舵妸綰у埆闄愪負"err"鎴栨洿楂樸備緥濡傦細</p> <p><br># Save mail and news errors of level err and higher in aspecial file.<br>uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler</p> <p><br>銆銆褰撲竴涓揣鎬ユ秷鎭埌鏉ユ椂錛屽彲鑳芥兂璁╂墍鏈夌殑鐢ㄦ埛閮藉緱鍒般備篃鍙兘鎯寵鑷繁鐨勬棩蹇楁帴鏀跺茍淇濆瓨銆?/p> <p><br>#Everybody gets emergency messages錛?plus log them on anther machine<br>*.emerg *<br>*.emerg @linuxaid.com.cn</p> <p><br>銆銆alert娑堟伅搴旇鍐欏埌root鍜宼iger鐨勪釜浜鴻處鍙蜂腑錛?/p> <p><br>#Root and Tiger get alert and higher messages<br>*.alert root,tiger</p> <p><br>銆銆鏈夋椂syslogd灝嗕駭鐢熷ぇ閲忕殑娑堟伅銆備緥濡傚唴鏍革紙"kern"璁懼錛夊彲鑳藉緢鍐楅暱銆傜敤鎴峰彲鑳芥兂鎶婂唴鏍告秷鎭邯褰?/p> <p>鍒?dev/console涓備笅闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙琛ㄦ槑鍐呮牳鏃ュ織綰綍琚敞閲婃帀浜嗭細</p> <p><br>#Log all kernel messages to the console<br>#Logging much else clutters up the screen<br>#kern.* /dev/console</p> <p><br>銆銆鐢ㄦ埛鍙互鍦ㄤ竴琛屼腑鎸囨槑鎵鏈夌殑璁懼銆備笅闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙鎶奿nfo鎴栨洿楂樼駭鍒殑娑堟伅閫佸埌/var/log/messages錛?/p> <p>闄や簡mail浠ュ銆傜駭鍒?none"紱佹涓涓澶囷細</p> <p><br>#Log anything錛坋xcept mail錛塷f level info or higher<br>#Dont log private authentication messages!<br>*.info:mail.none;authpriv.none /var/log/messages</p> <p><br>銆銆鍦ㄦ湁浜涙儏鍐典笅錛屽彲浠ユ妸鏃ュ織閫佸埌鎵撳嵃鏈猴紝榪欐牱緗戠粶鍏ヤ鏡鑰呮庝箞淇敼鏃ュ織閮芥病鏈夌敤浜嗐傞氬父瑕佸箍娉涚邯褰?/p> <p>鏃ュ織銆係yslog璁懼鏄竴涓敾鍑昏呯殑鏄捐憲鐩爣銆備竴涓負鍏朵粬涓繪満緇存姢鏃ュ織鐨勭郴緇熷浜庨槻鑼冩湇鍔″櫒鏀誨嚮鐗瑰埆鑴?/p> <p>寮憋紝鍥犳瑕佺壒鍒敞鎰忋?/p> <p>銆銆鏈変釜灝忓懡浠ogger涓簊yslog錛?錛夌郴緇熸棩蹇楁枃浠舵彁渚涗竴涓猻hell鍛戒護鎺ュ彛錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ埛鑳藉垱寤烘棩蹇楁枃浠朵腑鐨勬潯</p> <p>鐩傜敤娉曪細logger 渚嬪錛歭ogger This is a test錛?/p> <p>銆銆瀹冨皢浜х敓涓涓涓嬬殑syslog綰綍錛欰ug 19 22:22:34 tiger: This is a test!</p> <p>銆銆娉ㄦ剰涓嶈瀹屽叏鐩鎬俊鏃ュ織錛屽洜涓烘敾鍑昏呭緢瀹規槗淇敼瀹冪殑銆?/p> <p>銆銆5. 紼嬪簭鏃ュ織</p> <p>銆銆璁稿紼嬪簭閫氳繃緇存姢鏃ュ織鏉ュ弽鏄犵郴緇熺殑瀹夊叏鐘舵併俿u鍛戒護鍏佽鐢ㄦ埛鑾峰緱鍙︿竴涓敤鎴風殑鏉冮檺錛屾墍浠ュ畠鐨勫畨鍏?/p> <p>寰堥噸瑕侊紝瀹冪殑鏂囦歡涓簊ulog銆傚悓鏍風殑榪樻湁sudolog銆傚彟澶栵紝鎯矨pache鏈変袱涓棩蹇楋細access_log鍜宔rror_log銆?br><br>杞嚜 <a >http://blog.chinaunix.net/u2/76292/showart_1335926.html</a><br></p> <img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/aggbug/102757.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/" target="_blank">chatler</a> 2009-12-07 23:08 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/12/07/102757.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Linux紜歡淇℃伅鏌ョ湅(杞?http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/11/23/101732.htmlchatlerchatlerMon, 23 Nov 2009 13:06:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/11/23/101732.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/101732.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/11/23/101732.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/101732.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/101732.html
1, 涓繪澘淇℃伅銆銆.
鏌ョ湅涓繪澘鐨勫簭鍒楀彿銆銆--------------------------------------------------銆銆
#浣跨敤鍛戒護銆銆dmidecode | grep -i 'serial number'銆銆
#鏌ョ湅鏉垮崱淇℃伅銆銆cat /proc/pci銆銆------------- ...銆銆
1, 涓繪澘淇℃伅
.鏌ョ湅涓繪澘鐨勫簭鍒楀彿
--------------------------------------------------
#浣跨敤鍛戒護
dmidecode | grep -i 'serial number'
#鏌ョ湅鏉垮崱淇℃伅
cat /proc/pci
--------------------------------------------------
2, cpu淇℃伅
--------------------------------------------------
#閫氳繃/proc鏂囦歡緋葷粺
1) cat /proc/cpuinfo
#閫氳繃鏌ョ湅寮鏈轟俊鎭?br>2) dmesg | grep -i 'cpu'
#
3)dmidecode -t processor
--------------------------------------------------
3, 紜洏淇℃伅
--------------------------------------------------
#鏌ョ湅鍒嗗尯鎯呭喌
fdisk -l
#鏌ョ湅澶у皬鎯呭喌
df -h
#鏌ョ湅浣跨敤鎯呭喌
du -h
#
hdparm -I /dev/sda
#
dmesg | grep sda
--------------------------------------------------
4, 鍐呭瓨淇℃伅
--------------------------------------------------
1) cat /proc/meminfo
2) dmesg | grep mem
3) free -m
4) vmstat
5) dmidecode | grep -i mem
--------------------------------------------------
5, 緗戝崱淇℃伅
--------------------------------------------------
1) dmesg | grep -i 'eth'
2) cat /etc/sysconfig/hwconf | grep -i eth
3) lspci | grep -i 'eth'
--------------------------------------------------
6, 榧犳爣閿洏鍜孶SB淇℃伅
鏌ョ湅閿洏鍜岄紶鏍囷細cat /proc/bus/input/devices
鏌ョ湅USB璁懼錛歝at /proc/bus/usb/devices
鏌ョ湅鍚勮澶囩殑涓柇璇鋒眰(IRQ):cat /proc/interrupts
7, 鏄懼崱淇℃伅
--------------------------------------------------
1)lspci |grep -i 'VGA'
2)dmesg | grep -i 'VGA'
--------------------------------------------------
8, 澹板崱淇℃伅
--------------------------------------------------
1)lspci |grep -i 'VGA'
2)dmesg | grep -i 'VGA'
--------------------------------------------------
7, 鍏朵粬鍛戒護
.鐢?a onclick="javascript:tagshow(event, '%D3%B2%BC%FE');" href="javascript:;" target=_self>紜歡媯嫻嬬▼搴弅uduz鎺㈡祴鏂扮‖浠訛細service kudzu start ( or restart)
.dmesg (鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夊惎鍔ㄦ椂媯嫻嬪埌鐨勭‖浠朵俊鎭?
.lspci (鏄劇ず澶栬淇℃伅, 濡倁sb錛岀綉鍗$瓑淇℃伅)
.cat /etc/sysconfig/hwconf
.mpstat
8, 闇瑕佹墜鍔ㄥ畨瑁呯殑宸ュ叿
lshw,hwinfo,hal-device-manager

杞嚜錛?br>http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/28584/showart.php?id=2098880

chatler 2009-11-23 21:06 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
Initrd鍚姩鍜屽姛鑳藉垎鏋?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/11/19/101389.html</link><dc:creator>chatler</dc:creator><author>chatler</author><pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 08:54:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/11/19/101389.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/101389.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/11/19/101389.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/101389.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/101389.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[ <span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; ">Initrd鍚姩鍙婂姛鑳藉垎鏋?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">Initrd榪欎釜璁捐鐨勫垵琛鋒槸鐢ㄦ潵鍔犺澆棰濆鍐呮牳妯″潡渚涘惎鍔ㄧ殑銆傚彲浠ュ弬鑰?鍐呮牳鏂囨。 Documentation/initrd.txt銆?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鍦ㄥ姞杞藉畬鍐呮牳鍚庯紝濡傛灉瀛樺湪initrd錛屽垯浼氭墽琛?initrd 閲岀殑 /init銆傦紙鏂囨。閲岃鐨勬槸/linuxrc錛屽湪 init/do_mounts_initrd.c 閲屼篃鏄繖涓紝鍦?init/main.c 閲屾槸 /init錛屽叿浣撳緟鑰冦傦級 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">榪涘叆涓婚錛氱畝鍗曡鏉ワ紝initrd 涓昏鍔熻兘灝變竴涓細鎵懼埌鏍瑰垎鍖猴紝鎶婃潈鍔涗氦緇欎富緋葷粺銆?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">瑕佸畬鎴愯繖涓姛鑳斤紝娑夊強鐨勫姛鑳戒富瑕佹湁錛?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">1.鏈夊熀鏈殑紼嬪簭榪愯鐜 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">2.媯嫻嬪瓨鍌ㄨ澶囷紝鍒涘緩璁懼鑺傜偣 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">3.媯嫻嬫枃浠剁郴緇燂紝鎸傝澆鏍規枃浠剁郴緇?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">4.灝嗘潈鍔涗氦緇欎富緋葷粺鐨刬nit <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">涓.鍩烘湰鐨勭▼搴忚繍琛岀幆澧?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">initrd 涓昏鏈変袱縐嶆牸寮忥細 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">1. 浼犵粺鐨?ramdisk <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">榪欑鏍煎紡鐨勫ソ澶勬槸榪樺彲浠ヨ繑鍥炲埌 initrd錛岃繘琛屼簺鍚庣戶鐨勫鐞嗐?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">緙虹偣鏄渶瑕佸唴鏍哥殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏀寔錛岄氬父浼氱敤 ext2錛屼笖鏇存敼杈冧負楹葷儲銆?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鍒朵綔鏂規硶錛?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">dd if=/dev/zero of=initrd bs=1M count=8 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mkfs.ext2 -f -m 0 initrd <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mount -o loop initrd /path/to/ <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鍦?path/to寤虹珛濂絠nitrd鐨勭郴緇熷悗 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">umount /path/to <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">gzip initrd <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">2. cpio 鏍煎紡 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">榪欑鏍煎紡鐨勫ソ澶勬槸鍐呮牳鍘熺敓涓嶉渶瑕侀澶栫殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏀寔錛屽埗浣滀篃姣旇緝瀹規槗銆?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鍒朵綔鏂規硶錛?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">cd /path/to <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">find . |cpio -o -H newc |gzip -c > ../initrd.gz <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">濡傛灉娌℃湁鐗瑰埆鐨勯渶瑕侊紝閫氬父浣跨敤cpio鏍煎紡銆?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鎵懼埌鏍規枃浠剁郴緇熺殑浠誨姟閫氬父鏄敤shell鑴氭湰鏉ュ畬鎴愶紝涓昏鍘熷洜鏄細 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">1.浣撶Н鎵闄愶紝閫氬父initrd涓嶄細鍋氬緢澶э紝鍥犱負瀹冨姛鑳藉緢鏄庣‘鍗曚竴 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">2.鏂逛究淇敼錛岄拡瀵逛笉鍚岀‖浠?緋葷粺閫氬父浼氬仛涓瀹氭洿鏀癸紝緙栬瘧鍨嬭璦鏇存敼璧鋒潵杈冮夯鐑?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">閫氬父浣跨敤鐨剆hell鏈塨usybox鐨刟sh錛宬libc鐨剆h絳夈?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">busybox鎻愪緵寰堝鍔熻兘錛屽彲鏍規嵁鑷繁鐨勯渶瑕佺紪璇戯紝鍥犱負瑕佹敮鎸乽dev絳夛紝鎵浠ユ帹鑽愮紪璇戞垚鍔ㄦ侀摼鎺ョ殑銆?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">klibc鏄笓闂ㄨ璁′負灝忓閥鐨刲ibc錛屽畠鑷甫浜嗕竴浜涚▼搴忥紝浣撶Н寰堝皬宸э紝鍔熻兘鐩稿busybox鎻愪緵鐨勪笉浼氶偅涔堝銆?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">榪樻湁鐩稿叧鐨勭▼搴忋傚浜庡緢鍗曚竴鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ敤瀹冩槸鍚堥傜殑錛屽鏋滄兂鍦╥nitrd閲屽疄鐜拌緝澶嶆潅鍔熻兘錛屼嬌鐢╧libc浼氭樉寰楁湁浜涙崏瑗熻鑲樸?br></span><div><font color="#444444" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px;">瀵逛簬鍔ㄦ侀摼鎺ョ殑紼嬪簭錛岄渶瑕佹妸鐩稿簲鐨勫簱鍜?helper 鏀捐繘緋葷粺涓傚彲鐢╨dd瀹炵幇榪欎釜鍔熻兘錛屽錛?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">$ ldd /bin/busybox <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">linux-gate.so.1 => (0xffffe000) <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0xb7f30000) <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0xb7f0b000) <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0xb7de1000) <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7f73000) <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鎴戜滑涔熸彁渚涗簡涓涓▼搴忔潵鑷姩瀹屾垚榪欎釜宸ヤ綔錛岃鏂囧悗鍙傝冦?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">瀵逛簬klibc鐨勶紝涓鑸細鏈変釜搴撴枃浠訛紝渚嬪 /usr/lib/klibc/lib/klibc-KC4v-FjcUUw8mDjRL-kY8PS8U3E.so <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">灝嗘鏂囦歡鏀懼湪鐩稿initrd鐨勬牴鐩綍鐨?/lib 鐩綍涓嬪嵆鍙?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">闇瑕佺殑璁懼鏈夛細 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mknod dev/console c 5 1 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mknod dev/null c 1 3 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "># 濡傛灉涓簉amdisk錛屾渶濂藉垱寤哄畠 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mknod dev/ram0 c 1 0 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">浜?媯嫻嬪瓨鍌ㄨ澶?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鏃╁厛鏈?devfs hotplug絳夋潵媯嫻嬶紝鎴栨槸闈欐佸垱寤哄姞杞芥ā鍧椾互鏀寔瀛樺偍璁懼濡傜‖鐩橈紝鍏夌洏絳夈?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">udev鐨勫嚭鐜頒嬌榪欎釜榪囩▼杞Щ鍒扮敤鎴風┖闂達紝鐏墊椿鎬уぇ澶у寮猴紝浣胯繖涓繃紼嬭兘鑷姩瀹屾垚銆?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">瀵逛簬鏂扮増鐨?udev (澶ф鏄?gt;098)錛屽畬鎴愯繖涓榪囩▼鍙渶鍐欏ソ鐩稿簲鐨勮鍒欙紝鏈夌浉搴旂殑妯″潡錛屾墽琛屼互涓嬪懡浠ゅ嵆鍙嚜鍔ㄥ姞杞芥ā鍧楀茍鍒涘緩鐩稿簲鐨勮澶囪妭鐐癸細 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "># 鎸傝澆鎵闇鏂囦歡緋葷粺 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mount -t proc none /proc <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mount -t sysfs none /sys <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mount -t tmpfs -o size=10M none /dev <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "># 鍏抽棴鍐呮牳娑堟伅鎵撳嵃 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">echo '0' > /proc/sys/kernel/printk <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "># 涓浜涜繛鎺?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">ln -sf /proc/self/fd /dev/fd <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">ln -sf /proc/self/fd/0 /dev/stdin <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">ln -sf /proc/self/fd/1 /dev/stdout <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">ln -sf /proc/self/fd/2 /dev/stderr <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">ln -sf /proc/kcore /dev/core <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "># 鍚姩 udev <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">/sbin/udevd --daemon <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">/sbin/udevtrigger <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">/sbin/udevsettle <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">涓?媯嫻嬫枃浠剁郴緇?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鐢變簬鍚勭郴緇熷拰鍐呮牳鐨勪笉鍚岋紝鎸傝澆鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏈夋椂涓嶅儚鎴戜滑騫蟲椂浣跨敤鐨勯偅鏍鳳紝浼氳嚜鍔ㄦ帰嫻嬶紝鍙互浣跨敤udev鎴朾lkid鏉ヨ瘑鍒細 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">udev鐨勬柟娉曪細 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "># /lib/udev/vol_id -t /dev/hda5 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">xfs <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">blkid鐨勬柟娉曪細 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "># blkid <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">/dev/hda1: TYPE="ntfs" <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">/dev/hda5: LABEL="Gentoo" UUID="78460951-666e-4d29-9d9b-85e9a9b16b62" TYPE="xfs" <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">/dev/hda6: TYPE="ntfs" <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">/dev/hda8: UUID="c51d3bb4-caee-4150-ae22-7d5931db31f5" LABEL="ROOT" TYPE="reiserfs" <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">/dev/hda9: LABEL="Home" UUID="89b31278-b2a3-4626-99c5-e6ca77fe60f0" TYPE="xfs" <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">/dev/hda7: LABEL="swap" UUID="8686fb94-560c-4c87-97dd-c5f97bbb6c78" TYPE="swap" <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鍙﹀錛屾垜浠篃鍙互浣跨敤UUID鎴栬匧ABEL鐨勬柟寮忔潵鎸傝澆鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mount -U <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mount -L <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鍥?浜ゆ潈緇欎富緋葷粺鐨刬nit <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">瀹炵幇鏂規硶涓昏鏈?pivot_root 鍜?switch_root涓?run-init銆?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鍦ㄨ繖涔嬪墠闇瑕佸涔嬪墠鎸傝澆鐨勮櫄鎷熸枃浠剁郴緇熶笌dev杞Щ鍒頒富緋葷粺銆?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mount --move /dev /root/dev <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mount --move /proc /root/proc <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mount --move /sys /root/sys <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">1.pivot_root <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">浼犵粺鐨勫仛娉曟槸鐢?pivot_root錛岀劧鑰?pivot_root涓嶄細鑷姩澶勭悊寰堝宸ヤ綔錛屽閲婃斁initrd鎵鏈夌殑鍐呭瓨錛屾墽琛屼富緋葷粺鐨刬nit銆?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">浣跨敤鏂規硶濡備笅錛?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">cd /root <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">mkdir -p initrd <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">pivot_root . initrd <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "># 娉ㄦ剰 /root 瑕佹槸鍚堟硶鐨勮澶囨寕杞戒笂鐨?濡?/dev/sda1錛屽鏋滀笉鏄繖鏍鳳紝灝嗗彲鑳藉嚭鐜伴敊璇?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "># 鐩爣鐩綍涔熼渶瑕佸瓨鍦紝鍏跺畠鍙傞槄man page <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">exec chroot . sh -c 'umount /initrd; exec /sbin/init' dev/console 2>&1 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "># 濡傛灉涓嶉渶瑕佹竻鐞嗭紝涔熷彲綆鍗曠殑榪愯 <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">exec chroot . /sbin/init <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">2.switch_root/run-init <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">榪欎袱鑰呭樊鍒笉澶э紝鍓嶈呮槸busybox鎻愪緵鐨勶紝鍚庤呮槸klibc鐨勩傛湁鐐瑰尯鍒殑鏄悗鑰呭彲鎺ュ彈 - 寮澶寸殑鍙傛暟銆?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鐢ㄦ硶錛?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">cd /root <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">exec switch_root . /sbin/init <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鎴?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">exec run-init . /sbin/init --debug <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; ">鑷蟲錛宨nitrd鐨勪嬌鍛藉畬鎴愩?nbsp;<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "></span></font></div><div><font color="#444444" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px;">杞嚜錛?/span></font></div><div><font color="#444444" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="4"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px;"><a >http://www.91linux.com/html/article/kernel/20090712/17508.html</a></span></font></div><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/aggbug/101389.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/" target="_blank">chatler</a> 2009-11-19 16:54 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/11/19/101389.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Linux涓婥璇█寤舵椂<杞?gt;http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/07/07/89491.htmlchatlerchatlerTue, 07 Jul 2009 12:45:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/07/07/89491.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/89491.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/07/07/89491.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/89491.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/89491.htmlhttp://blog.chinaunix.net/u/22630/showart_1674283.html
鍦╨inux涓嬪歡鏃跺彲浠ラ噰鐢ㄥ涓嬪嚱鏁幫細
1.unsigned int sleep(unsigned int seconds); 
  sleep()浼氫嬌褰撳墠紼嬪簭浼戠湢seconds縐掋傚鏋渟leep()娌$潯楗憋紝瀹冨皢浼氳繑鍥炶繕闇瑕佽ˉ鐪犵殑鏃墮棿錛屽惁鍒欎竴鑸繑鍥為浂銆?nbsp;
2.void usleep(unsigned long usec); 
 usleep涓巗leep()綾誨悓錛屼笉鍚屼箣澶勫湪浜庝紤鐪犵殑鏃墮棿鍗曚綅涓烘縐掞紙10E-6縐掞級銆?nbsp;
3.int select(0,NULL,NULL,NULL,struct timeval *tv);  
 
  鍙互鍒╃敤select瀹炵幇sleep()鐨勫姛鑳斤紝瀹冨皢涓嶄細絳夊緟浠諱綍浜嬩歡鍙戠敓銆?nbsp;
 4.int nanosleep(struct timespec *req,struct timespec *rem); 
  nanosleep浼氭矇鐫eq鎵鎸囧畾鐨勬椂闂達紝鑻em涓簄on-null錛岃屼笖娌$潯楗憋紝灝嗕細鎶婅琛ョ湢鐨勬椂闂存斁鍦╮em涓娿?/font>


chatler 2009-07-07 20:45 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
linux澶存枃浠惰鏄?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/07/06/89414.html</link><dc:creator>chatler</dc:creator><author>chatler</author><pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 15:15:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/07/06/89414.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/89414.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/07/06/89414.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/89414.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/89414.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><em>鍦ㄧ紪鍐欑▼搴忔椂瑕乮nclude涓浜涘ご鏂囦歡<br></em></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">澶存枃浠?nbsp;                       璇存槑</span><br><font size=3><a s s e r t . h>            楠岃瘉紼嬪簭鏂█<br><c p i o . h>                c p i o褰掓。鍊?br><c t y p e . h>              瀛楃綾誨瀷<br><d i r e n t . h>            鐩綍欏?br><e r r n o . h>              鍑洪敊鐮?br><f c n t l . h>              鏂囦歡鎺у埗<br><f l o a t . h>              嫻偣甯告暟<br><f t w . h>                  鏂囦歡鏍戞極娓?br>< g r p . h >                緇勬枃浠?br>< l a n g i n f o . h >      璇█淇℃伅甯告暟<br>< l i m i t s . h >          瀹炴柦甯告暟<br>< l o c a l e . h >          鏈湴綾誨埆<br>< m a t h . h >              鏁板甯告暟<br>< n l _ t y p e s . h >      娑堟伅綾誨埆<br>< p w d . h >                鍙d護鏂囦歡<br>< r e g e x . h >            姝e垯琛ㄨ揪寮?br>< s e a r c h . h >          鎼滅儲琛?br>< s e t j m p . h >          闈炲眬閮╣oto <br>< s i g n a l . h >          淇″彿<br>< s t d a r g . h >          鍙彉鍙傛暟琛?br>< s t d d e f . h >          鏍囧噯瀹氫箟<br>< s t d i o . h >            鏍囧噯I / O搴?br>< s t d l i b . h >          鍏敤鍑芥暟<br>< s t r i n g . h >          瀛楃涓叉搷浣?br>< t a r . h >                t a r褰掓。鍊?br>< t e r m i o s . h >        緇堢I / O <br>< t i m e . h >              鏃墮棿鍜屾棩鏈?br>< u l i m i t . h >          鐢ㄦ埛闄愬埗<br>< u n i s t d . h >          絎﹀彿甯告暟<br>< u t i m e . h >            鏂囦歡鏃墮棿<br>< s y s / i p c . h >        I P C <br>< s y s / m s g . h >        娑堟伅闃熷垪<br>< s y s / s e m . h >        淇″彿閲?br>< s y s / s h m . h >        鍏變韓瀛樺偍<br>< s y s / s t a t . h >      鏂囦歡鐘舵?br>< s y s / t i m e s . h >    榪涚▼鏃墮棿<br>< s y s / t y p e s . h >    鍘熺郴緇熸暟鎹被鍨?br>< s y s /u t s n a m e . h>  緋葷粺鍚?br>< s y s /w a i t . h >       榪涚▼鎺у埗<br></font> <img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/aggbug/89414.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/" target="_blank">chatler</a> 2009-07-06 23:15 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2009/07/06/89414.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Linux灝忓懡浠?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2008/11/22/67565.html</link><dc:creator>chatler</dc:creator><author>chatler</author><pubDate>Sat, 22 Nov 2008 03:32:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2008/11/22/67565.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/67565.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2008/11/22/67565.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/67565.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/67565.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[mount -t cifs -o username=dsfsdf,password=dsfsf //ip/sharedRemoteDir localdir<br><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/aggbug/67565.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/" target="_blank">chatler</a> 2008-11-22 11:32 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2008/11/22/67565.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Linux鏃墮挓 http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2008/08/10/58468.htmlchatlerchatlerSun, 10 Aug 2008 13:37:00 GMThttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2008/08/10/58468.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/58468.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/archive/2008/08/10/58468.html#Feedback0http://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/comments/commentRss/58468.htmlhttp://www.shnenglu.com/beautykingdom/services/trackbacks/58468.htmlLinux緋葷粺鏈変袱涓椂閽燂細涓涓槸鐢變富鏉跨數姹犻┍鍔ㄧ殑“Real Time Clock”錛屼篃鍙仛RTC鎴栬匔MOS鏃墮挓錛岀‖浠舵椂閽熴傚綋鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鍏蟲満鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鐢ㄨ繖涓潵璁板綍鏃墮棿錛屼絾鏄浜庤繍琛岀殑緋葷粺鏄笉鐢ㄨ繖涓椂闂寸殑銆傚彟涓涓椂閽熸槸 “System clock”錛屼篃鍙唴鏍告椂閽熸垨鑰呰蔣浠舵椂閽燂紝鏄敱杞歡鏍規嵁鏃墮棿涓柇鏉ヨ繘琛岃鏁扮殑錛屽唴鏍告椂閽熷湪緋葷粺鍏蟲満鐨勬儏鍐典笅鏄笉瀛樺湪鐨勶紝鎵浠ワ紝褰撴搷浣滅郴緇熷惎鍔ㄧ殑鏃跺欙紝鍐呮牳鏃墮挓鏄璇誨彇RTC鏃墮棿鏉ヨ繘琛屾椂闂村悓姝ワ紙鏈変簺鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鍐呮牳鏃墮挓涔熷彲浠ラ氳繃ntp鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ潵璇誨彇鏃墮棿錛夈傝繖涓や釜鏃墮挓閫氬父浼氭湁涓浜涜宸紝鎵浠ラ暱鏃墮棿鍙互瀵艱嚧榪欎袱涓椂閽熷亸紱葷殑姣旇緝澶氾紝鏈綆鍗曠殑淇濇寔涓や釜鏃墮棿鍚屾鐨勬柟娉曟槸鐢ㄨ蔣浠舵祴鍑轟粬浠箣闂寸殑璇樊鐜囷紝鐒跺悗榪涜淇銆傚湪姣忔閲嶆柊鍚姩緋葷粺鐨勬椂鍊欙紝緋葷粺閮戒細鐢╤wclock鍛戒護瀵規椂闂磋繘琛屽悓姝ャ傚鏋滃唴鏍告椂閽熷湪姣忎竴涓椂闂翠腑鏂兘蹇垨鑰呮參鐨勮瘽錛屽彲浠ョ敤adjtimex鍛戒護榪涜璋冩暣錛屼嬌寰桼TC鍜屽唴鏍告椂闂磋蛋鐨勫揩鎱竴鑷?

    Linux鐨勫唴鏍告椂闂村疄闄呬笂鏄褰曚粠1970騫?鏈?鏃ヨ窛紱葷幇鍦ㄧ殑縐掓暟錛屽茍涓斾互GMT錛堟牸鏋楀凹娌繪椂闂?錛堟垨鑰呭彨UTC- Coordinated Universal Time錛変負鏍囧噯,UTC鏄笉闅忕潃DST錛堝浠ゆ椂錛夊彉鎹紝闇瑕佹湁鍙樺寲鐨勬槸鐢卞簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忚嚜韜潵瀹屾垚鏃墮棿鐨勮漿鎹€傞氬父錛屾湰鍦版椂闂?UTC鏃墮棿+鏃跺尯銆?/div>

    浠嶭inux鍚姩榪囩▼鏉ョ湅錛岀郴緇熸椂閽熷拰紜歡鏃墮挓涓嶄細鍙戠敓鍐茬獊錛屼絾Linux涓殑鎵鏈夊懡浠?鍖呮嫭鍑芥暟)閮芥槸閲囩敤鐨勭郴緇熸椂閽熻緗備笉浠呭姝わ紝緋葷粺鏃墮挓鍜岀‖浠舵椂閽熻繕鍙互閲囩敤寮傛鏂瑰紡銆傝繖鏍峰仛鐨勫ソ澶勫浜庢櫘閫氱敤鎴鋒剰涔変笉澶э紝浣嗗浜嶭inux緗戠粶綆$悊鍛樺嵈鏈夊緢澶х殑鐢ㄥ銆備緥濡傦紝瑕佸皢涓涓緢澶х殑緗戠粶涓?璺ㄨ秺鑻ュ共鏃跺尯)鐨勬湇鍔″櫒鍚屾錛屽亣濡備綅浜庣編鍥界航綰︾殑Linux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ拰鍖椾含鐨凩inux鏈嶅姟鍣紝鍏朵腑涓鍙版湇鍔″櫒鏃犻』鏀瑰彉紜歡鏃墮挓鑰屽彧闇涓存椂璁劇疆涓涓郴緇熸椂闂達紝濡傝灝嗗寳浜湇鍔″櫒涓婄殑鏃墮棿璁劇疆涓虹航綰︽椂闂達紝涓ゅ彴鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ畬鎴愭枃浠剁殑鍚屾鍚庯紝鍐嶄笌鍘熸潵鐨勬椂閽熷悓姝ヤ竴涓嬪嵆鍙傝繖鏍風郴緇熷拰紜歡鏃墮挓灝辨彁渚涗簡鏇翠負鐏墊椿鐨勬搷浣溿?
 



chatler 2008-08-10 21:37 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]> 青青草原综合久久大伊人导航_色综合久久天天综合_日日噜噜夜夜狠狠久久丁香五月_热久久这里只有精品
  • <ins id="pjuwb"></ins>
    <blockquote id="pjuwb"><pre id="pjuwb"></pre></blockquote>
      <noscript id="pjuwb"></noscript>
            <sup id="pjuwb"><pre id="pjuwb"></pre></sup>
              <dd id="pjuwb"></dd>
              <abbr id="pjuwb"></abbr>
              久久精品一区二区| 亚洲一区二区三区涩| 久久蜜桃精品| 影音先锋久久| 亚洲国产精品成人va在线观看| 久久精品99国产精品酒店日本| 好吊视频一区二区三区四区| 老司机一区二区| 欧美精品久久天天躁| 亚洲女人天堂成人av在线| 亚洲欧美在线观看| 亚洲第一中文字幕| 99热精品在线| 狠狠久久婷婷| 91久久久精品| 国产亚洲精品久久飘花| 亚洲电影免费在线观看| 欧美亚日韩国产aⅴ精品中极品| 久久99在线观看| 欧美丰满高潮xxxx喷水动漫| 亚洲免费网址| 免费美女久久99| 午夜精品福利一区二区蜜股av| 久久精品久久99精品久久| 一本久久综合亚洲鲁鲁| 午夜在线观看欧美| 日韩视频在线免费观看| 中文精品99久久国产香蕉| 一本色道久久88综合日韩精品| 麻豆精品一区二区综合av| 免费成人av资源网| 欧美—级在线免费片| 欧美在线一级va免费观看| 欧美国产视频在线| 久久久精品国产99久久精品芒果| 欧美精品久久久久久久免费观看| 久久精品欧美| 欧美三级第一页| 最新成人av在线| 亚洲成人在线网| 欧美亚洲日本国产| 亚洲一区免费网站| 欧美极品一区| 欧美高清视频| 极品少妇一区二区三区| 亚洲在线一区二区三区| 在线视频日韩精品| 欧美黑人国产人伦爽爽爽| 久久综合久久久| 国产一区二区观看| 销魂美女一区二区三区视频在线| 亚洲午夜精品一区二区| 欧美精品999| 亚洲国产成人在线| 亚洲欧洲美洲综合色网| 美女黄网久久| 欧美/亚洲一区| 伊人精品在线| 久久久久九九九九| 美腿丝袜亚洲色图| 激情久久一区| 久久久久久有精品国产| 久久综合色婷婷| 在线观看日韩一区| 麻豆91精品| 亚洲国产美国国产综合一区二区| 亚洲精品乱码久久久久久日本蜜臀| 老司机午夜精品| 亚洲国产欧美日韩| 一本久久a久久免费精品不卡| 欧美国产日本韩| 亚洲伦理在线免费看| 亚洲一区一卡| 国产毛片一区二区| 久久精品免费| 亚洲第一视频| 亚洲性图久久| 国产精品亚洲一区二区三区在线| 校园激情久久| 欧美国产激情| 亚洲伊人久久综合| 国产欧美日韩在线| 可以免费看不卡的av网站| 亚洲高清123| 亚洲欧美综合v| 极品少妇一区二区| 欧美精品一卡| 午夜精品久久久| 欧美国产综合| 亚洲欧美自拍偷拍| 激情综合视频| 欧美视频一区二区在线观看 | 伊人久久久大香线蕉综合直播| 欧美成人国产va精品日本一级| 国产日产欧美一区| 看欧美日韩国产| 一区二区免费在线播放| 欧美在线观看一区二区| 亚洲大胆av| 欧美日韩直播| 久热爱精品视频线路一| 亚洲网址在线| 亚洲高清在线| 久久精品视频一| 一区二区三区视频免费在线观看| 国产亚洲成人一区| 欧美日韩色综合| 久久免费视频一区| 亚洲免费伊人电影在线观看av| 亚洲第一黄色| 久久亚洲不卡| 午夜一区二区三视频在线观看| 亚洲国产精品一区二区久| 国产精品欧美日韩一区二区| 欧美激情一区二区三区在线| 久久国产精品久久久| 一区二区三区欧美成人| 欧美激情亚洲国产| 久久久久欧美| 欧美一区二区三区精品电影| 亚洲另类一区二区| 亚洲国产精品久久久久秋霞不卡| 国产精品亚洲一区| 国产精品久久久亚洲一区| 欧美激情第一页xxx| 久久久噜噜噜久久狠狠50岁| 午夜欧美大片免费观看| 亚洲视频导航| 一区二区三区www| 亚洲精品一二区| 91久久久亚洲精品| 最近看过的日韩成人| 亚洲第一色中文字幕| 欧美国产日韩在线观看| 欧美插天视频在线播放| 免费观看成人鲁鲁鲁鲁鲁视频| 久久久青草婷婷精品综合日韩 | 99精品国产福利在线观看免费| 在线观看国产欧美| 亚洲第一二三四五区| 一区免费在线| 亚洲国产另类 国产精品国产免费| 国产一区日韩二区欧美三区| 国产一区二区三区高清| 韩国免费一区| 有坂深雪在线一区| 亚洲三级观看| 一本久道综合久久精品| 亚洲一区免费看| 久久精品亚洲国产奇米99| 久久久99爱| 欧美激情一区二区三区全黄| 欧美激情一区在线观看| 亚洲日本在线观看| 国产精品99久久久久久人| 亚洲综合电影| 久久久久久久国产| 欧美1区2区3区| 欧美日韩国产三区| 国产精品久久国产愉拍| 国产日韩欧美在线| 影音先锋久久久| 亚洲最新色图| 欧美夜福利tv在线| 久久这里有精品视频| 亚洲狠狠丁香婷婷综合久久久| 日韩西西人体444www| 欧美亚洲一区二区在线观看| 久久久亚洲人| 欧美色中文字幕| 日韩视频在线免费| 亚洲一区三区电影在线观看| 久久成人精品电影| 欧美国内亚洲| 国产日韩欧美一区二区三区在线观看 | 亚洲新中文字幕| 久久久久国产免费免费| 亚洲黄色一区| 午夜视频一区| 欧美日韩高清在线播放| 国产欧美日韩综合一区在线观看 | 久久久精品一区| 亚洲全黄一级网站| 欧美与黑人午夜性猛交久久久| 欧美国产亚洲另类动漫| 国产日韩欧美一区在线| 日韩网站在线观看| 久久免费黄色| 亚洲午夜激情网站| 欧美国产精品一区| 国内精品久久久久伊人av| 亚洲性感美女99在线| 欧美黄色影院| 久久精品国产亚洲一区二区| 欧美日韩一区二区三区| 91久久久久久久久久久久久| 久久国产精品一区二区三区四区| 亚洲毛片播放| 欧美精品二区| 亚洲精品久久久久|