涓涓幇浠ｇ紪璇戝櫒鐨勪富瑕佸伐浣滄祦紼嬪涓嬶細
婧愮▼搴忥紙source code錛?#8594;棰勫鐞嗗櫒錛?/span>preprocessor錛?#8594;緙栬瘧鍣紙compiler錛?#8594;姹囩紪紼嬪簭錛?/span>assembler錛?#8594;鐩爣紼嬪簭錛?/span>object code錛?#8594;榪炴帴鍣紙閾炬帴鍣紝Linker錛?#8594;鍙墽琛岀▼搴忥紙executables錛?/span>
宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊
緲? 璇戞槸浠庢簮浠ｇ爜錛堥氬父涓洪珮綰ц璦錛夊埌鑳界洿鎺ヨ璁＄畻鏈烘垨铏氭嫙鏈烘墽琛岀殑鐩爣浠ｇ爜錛堥氬父涓轟綆綰ц璦鎴栨満鍣ㄨ█錛夈傜劧鑰岋紝涔熷瓨鍦ㄤ粠浣庣駭璇█鍒伴珮綰ц璦鐨勭紪璇戝櫒錛岃繖綾葷紪 璇戝櫒涓敤鏉ヤ粠鐢遍珮綰ц璦鐢熸垚鐨勪綆綰ц璦浠ｇ爜閲嶆柊鐢熸垚楂樼駭璇█浠ｇ爜鐨勫張琚彨鍋氬弽緙栬瘧鍣ㄣ備篃鏈変粠涓縐嶉珮綰ц璦鐢熸垚鍙︿竴縐嶉珮綰ц璦鐨勭紪璇戝櫒錛屾垨鑰呯敓鎴愪竴縐嶉渶瑕佽繘 涓姝ュ鐞嗙殑鐨勪腑闂翠唬鐮佺殑緙栬瘧鍣紙鍙堝彨綰ц仈錛夈?/span>
鍏稿瀷鐨勭紪璇戝櫒杈撳嚭鏄敱鍖呭惈鍏ュ彛鐐圭殑鍚嶅瓧鍜屽湴鍧浠ュ強澶栭儴璋冪敤鐨勬満鍣ㄤ唬鐮佹墍緇勬垚鐨勭洰鏍囨枃浠躲備竴緇勭洰鏍囨枃浠訛紝涓嶅繀鏄悓涓緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ駭鐢燂紝浣嗕嬌鐢ㄧ殑緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ繀闇閲囩敤鍚屾牱鐨勮緭鍑烘牸寮忥紝鍙互閾炬帴鍦ㄤ竴璧峰茍鐢熸垚鍙互鐢辯敤鎴風洿鎺ユ墽琛岀殑鍙墽琛岀▼搴忋?/span>
緙栬瘧鍣ㄧ綾?/span>
緙? 璇戝櫒鍙互鐢熸垚鐢ㄦ潵鍦ㄤ笌緙栬瘧鍣ㄦ湰韜墍鍦ㄧ殑璁＄畻鏈哄拰鎿嶄綔緋葷粺錛堝鉤鍙幫級鐩稿悓鐨勭幆澧冧笅榪愯鐨勭洰鏍囦唬鐮侊紝榪欑緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ張鍙仛“鏈湴”緙栬瘧鍣ㄣ傚彟澶栵紝緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ篃鍙互鐢熸垚鐢? 鏉ュ湪鍏跺畠騫沖彴涓婅繍琛岀殑鐩爣浠ｇ爜錛岃繖縐嶇紪璇戝櫒鍙堝彨鍋氫氦鍙夌紪璇戝櫒銆備氦鍙夌紪璇戝櫒鍦ㄧ敓鎴愭柊鐨勭‖浠跺鉤鍙版椂闈炲父鏈夌敤銆?#8220;婧愮爜鍒版簮鐮佺紪璇戝櫒”鏄寚鐢ㄤ竴縐嶉珮綰ц璦浣滀負杈? 鍏ワ紝杈撳嚭涔熸槸楂樼駭璇█鐨勭紪璇戝櫒銆備緥濡?/span>: 鑷姩騫惰鍖栫紪璇戝櫒緇忓父閲囩敤涓縐嶉珮綰ц璦浣滀負杈撳叆錛岃漿鎹㈠叾涓殑浠ｇ爜錛屽茍鐢ㄥ茍琛屼唬鐮佹敞閲婂瀹冭繘琛屾敞閲婏紙濡?/span>OpenMP錛夋垨鑰呯敤璇█鏋勯犺繘琛屾敞閲婏紙濡?/span>FORTRAN鐨?/span>DOALL鎸囦護錛夈?/span>
棰勫鐞嗗櫒錛?/span>preprocessor錛?/span>
浣滅敤鏄氳繃浠ｅ叆棰勫畾涔夌瓑紼嬪簭孌靛皢婧愮▼搴忚ˉ鍏呭畬鏁淬?/span>
緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ墠绔紙frontend錛?/span>
鍓嶇涓昏璐熻矗瑙ｆ瀽錛?/span>parse錛夎緭鍏ョ殑婧愮▼搴忥紝鐢辮瘝娉曞垎鏋愬櫒鍜岃娉曞垎鏋愬櫒鍗忓悓宸ヤ綔銆傝瘝娉曞垎鏋愬櫒璐熻矗鎶婃簮紼嬪簭涓殑‘鍗曡瘝’錛?/span>Token錛夋壘鍑烘潵,璇硶鍒嗘瀽鍣ㄦ妸榪欎簺鍒嗘暎鐨勫崟璇嶆寜棰勫厛瀹氫箟濂界殑璇硶緇勮鎴愭湁鎰忎箟鐨勮〃杈懼紡錛岃鍙?/span>錛屽嚱鏁扮瓑絳夈?/span>渚嬪“a = b + c;”鍓嶇璇嶆硶鍒嗘瀽鍣ㄧ湅鍒扮殑鏄?#8220;a, =, b , +, c;”錛岃娉曞垎鏋愬櫒鎸夊畾涔夌殑璇硶錛屽厛鎶婁粬浠粍瑁呮垚琛ㄨ揪寮?#8220;b + c”錛屽啀緇勮鎴?#8220;a = b + c”鐨勮鍙ャ?/span>鍓嶇榪樿礋璐ｈ涔夛紙semantic checking錛夌殑媯鏌ワ紝渚嬪媯嫻嬪弬涓庤繍綆楃殑鍙橀噺鏄惁鏄悓涓綾誨瀷鐨勶紝綆鍗曠殑閿欒澶勭悊銆傛渶緇堢殑緇撴灉甯稿父鏄竴涓娊璞＄殑璇硶鏍戯紙abstract syntax tree錛屾垨 AST錛夛紝榪欐牱鍚庣鍙互鍦ㄦ鍩虹涓婅繘涓姝ヤ紭鍖栵紝澶勭悊銆?/span>
緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ悗绔紙backend錛?/span>
緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ悗绔富瑕佽礋璐ｅ垎鏋愶紝浼樺寲涓棿浠ｇ爜錛?/span>Intermediate representation錛変互鍙婄敓鎴愭満鍣ㄤ唬鐮侊紙Code Generation錛夈?/span>
涓鑸鏉ユ墍鏈夌殑緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ垎鏋愶紝浼樺寲錛屽彉鍨嬮兘鍙互鍒嗘垚涓ゅぇ綾伙細鍑芥暟鍐咃紙intraprocedural錛夎繕鏄嚱鏁頒箣闂達紙interprocedural錛夎繘琛屻傚緢鏄庢樉錛屽嚱鏁伴棿鐨勫垎鏋愶紝浼樺寲鏇村噯紜紝浣嗛渶瑕佹洿闀跨殑鏃墮棿鏉ュ畬鎴愩?/span>
緙栬瘧鍣ㄥ垎鏋愶紙compiler analysis錛夌殑瀵硅薄鏄墠绔敓鎴愬茍浼犻掕繃鏉ョ殑涓棿浠ｇ爜錛岀幇浠ｇ殑浼樺寲鍨嬬紪璇戝櫒錛?/span>optimizing compiler錛夊父甯哥敤濂藉嚑縐嶅眰嬈＄殑涓棿浠ｇ爜鏉ヨ〃紺虹▼搴忥紝楂樺眰鐨勪腑闂翠唬鐮侊紙high level IR錛夋帴榪戣緭鍏ョ殑婧愮▼搴忕殑鏍煎紡錛屼笌杈撳叆璇█鐩稿叧錛?/span>language dependent錛夛紝鍖呭惈鏇村鐨勫叏灞鎬х殑淇℃伅錛屽拰婧愮▼搴忕殑緇撴瀯錛涗腑灞傜殑涓棿浠ｇ爜錛?/span>middle level IR錛変笌杈撳叆璇█鏃犲叧錛屼綆灞傜殑涓棿浠ｇ爜(Low level IR)涓庢満鍣ㄨ璦綾諱技銆?/span>涓嶅悓鐨勫垎鏋愶紝浼樺寲鍙戠敓鍦ㄦ渶閫傚悎鐨勯偅涓灞備腑闂翠唬鐮佷笂銆?/span>
甯歌鐨勭紪璇戝垎鏋愭湁鍑芥暟璋冪敤鏍戯紙call tree錛夛紝鎺у埗嫻佺▼鍥撅紙Control flow graph錛夛紝浠ュ強鍦ㄦ鍩虹涓婄殑鍙橀噺瀹氫箟錛嶄嬌鐢紝浣跨敤錛嶅畾涔夐摼錛?/span>define-use/use-define or u-d/d-u chain錛夛紝鍙橀噺鍒悕鍒嗘瀽錛?/span>alias analysis錛夛紝鎸囬拡鍒嗘瀽錛?/span>pointer analysis錛夛紝鏁版嵁渚濊禆鍒嗘瀽錛?/span>data dependence analysis錛夌瓑絳夈?/span>
涓婅堪鐨勭▼搴忓垎鏋愮粨鏋滄槸緙栬瘧鍣ㄤ紭鍖栵紙compiler optimization錛夊拰紼嬪簭鍙樺艦錛?/span>compiler transformation錛夌殑鍓嶆彁鏉′歡銆傚父瑙佺殑浼樺寲鍜屽彉鏂版湁錛氬嚱鏁板唴宓岋紙inlining錛夛紝鏃犵敤浠ｇ爜鍒犻櫎錛?/span>Dead code elimination錛夛紝鏍囧噯鍖栧驚鐜粨鏋勶紙loop normalization錛夛紝寰幆浣撳睍寮錛?/span>loop unrolling錛夛紝寰幆浣撳悎騫訛紝鍒嗚錛?/span>loop fusion錛?/span>loop fission錛夛紝鏁扮粍濉厖錛?/span>array padding錛夛紝絳夌瓑銆?/span>浼樺寲鍜屽彉褰㈢殑鐩殑鏄噺灝戜唬鐮佺殑闀垮害錛屾彁楂樺唴瀛橈紙memory錛夛紝緙撳瓨錛?/span>cache錛夌殑浣跨敤鐜囷紝鍑忓皯璇誨啓紓佺洏錛岃闂綉緇滄暟鎹殑棰戠巼銆傛洿楂樼駭鐨勪紭鍖栫敋鑷沖彲浠ユ妸搴忓垪鍖栫殑浠ｇ爜錛?/span>serial code錛夊彉鎴愬茍琛岃繍綆楋紝澶氱嚎紼嬬殑浠ｇ爜錛?/span>parallelized錛?/span>multi-threaded code錛夈?/span>
鏈哄櫒浠ｇ爜鐨勭敓鎴愭槸浼樺寲鍙樺瀷鍚庣殑涓棿浠ｇ爜杞崲鎴愭満鍣ㄦ寚浠ょ殑榪囩▼銆傜幇浠ｇ紪璇戝櫒涓昏閲囩敤鐢熸垚姹囩紪浠ｇ爜錛?/span>assembly code錛夌殑絳栫暐錛岃屼笉鐩存帴鐢熸垚浜岃繘鍒剁殑鐩爣浠ｇ爜錛?/span>binary object code錛夈傚嵆浣垮湪浠ｇ爜鐢熸垚闃舵錛岄珮綰х紪璇戝櫒浠嶇劧瑕佸仛寰堝鍒嗘瀽錛屼紭鍖栵紝鍙樺艦鐨勫伐浣溿備緥濡傚浣曞垎閰嶅瘎瀛樺櫒錛?/span>register allocatioin錛夛紝濡備綍閫夋嫨鍚堥傜殑鏈哄櫒鎸囦護錛?/span>instruction selection錛夛紝濡備綍鍚堝茍鍑犲彞浠ｇ爜鎴愪竴鍙ョ瓑絳夈?/span>
緙栬瘧璇█涓庤В閲婅璦瀵規瘮
璁稿浜哄皢楂樼駭紼嬪簭璇█鍒嗕負涓ょ被: 緙栬瘧鍨嬭璦鍜?/span>瑙ｉ噴鍨嬭璦銆傜劧鑰岋紝瀹為檯涓婏紝榪欎簺璇█涓殑澶у鏁版棦鍙敤緙栬瘧鍨嬪疄鐜頒篃鍙敤瑙ｉ噴鍨嬪疄鐜幫紝鍒嗙被瀹為檯涓婂弽鏄犵殑鏄偅縐嶈璦甯歌鐨勫疄鐜版柟寮忋傦紙浣嗘槸錛屾煇浜涜В閲婂瀷璇█錛屽緢闅劇敤緙栬瘧鍨嬪疄鐜般傛瘮濡傞偅浜涘厑璁?/span>鍦ㄧ嚎浠ｇ爜鏇存敼鐨勮В閲婂瀷璇█銆傦級
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