�??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>&#20037;&#20037;&#31934;&#21697;&#22269;&#20135;&#57;&#57;&#22269;&#20135;&#31934;&#21697;&#28595;&#38376;&#44;&#20122;&#27954;&#22269;&#20135;&#31934;&#21697;&#20037;&#20037;&#54;&#54;&#44;&#23569;&#22919;&#29087;&#22899;&#20037;&#20037;&#32508;&#21512;&#32593;&#33394;&#27442;</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/category/6795.html</link><description>专注�|�络�~�程</description><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2009 12:10:08 GMT</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2009 12:10:08 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title>IGMP协议</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2009/03/02/75341.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2009 11:12:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2009/03/02/75341.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/75341.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2009/03/02/75341.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/75341.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/75341.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: IGMP协议格式&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2009/03/02/75341.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/75341.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2009-03-02 19:12 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2009/03/02/75341.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>ICMP数据报结�?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2009/01/16/72163.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2009 05:37:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2009/01/16/72163.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/72163.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2009/01/16/72163.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/72163.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/72163.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: ICMP数据报结构详�l�分�?nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2009/01/16/72163.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/72163.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2009-01-16 13:37 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2009/01/16/72163.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>udphdr�l�构</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67461.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2008 02:54:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67461.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/67461.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67461.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/67461.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/67461.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: linux下udp头结�?nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67461.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/67461.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-11-21 10:54 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67461.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>tcphdr�l�构</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67458.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2008 02:48:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67458.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/67458.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67458.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/67458.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/67458.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: linux下tcp头结构及说明&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67458.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/67458.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-11-21 10:48 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67458.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>iphdr�l�构</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67457.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2008 02:47:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67457.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/67457.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67457.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/67457.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/67457.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: linux下定义的ip头结构及说明&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67457.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/67457.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-11-21 10:47 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/11/21/67457.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第13章IGMP�Q�Internet�l�管理协议） </title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/09/02/60771.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Tue, 02 Sep 2008 13:32:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/09/02/60771.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/60771.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/09/02/60771.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/60771.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/60771.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: 本章���介�l�用于支持主机和路由器进行多播的Internet�l�管理协议（ IGMP�Q�。它让一个物理网�l�上的所有系�l�知道主机当前所在的多播�l�。多播�\由器需要这些信息以便知道多播数据报应该向哪些接口�{发�?nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/09/02/60771.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/60771.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-09-02 21:32 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/09/02/60771.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第12�?�q�播和多播） </title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/28/60237.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2008 03:07:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/28/60237.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/60237.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/28/60237.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>2</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/60237.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/60237.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: 我们曾提到有三种IP地址�Q�单播地址、广播地址和多播地址。本章将更详�l�地介绍�q�播和多播。说明：
<br>单播地址�Q�目的�ؓ单个��L��
<br>�q�播地址�Q�目的端为给定网�l�上的所有主�?<br>多播地址�Q�目的端为同一�l�内的所有主�?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/28/60237.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/60237.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-08-28 11:07 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/28/60237.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第11�?UDP�Q�用��h��据报协议�Q?</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/27/60175.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 2008 10:09:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/27/60175.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/60175.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/27/60175.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>2</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/60175.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/60175.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: UDP是一个简单的面向数据报的�q�输层协议：�q�程的每个输出操作都正好产生一个UDP数据报，�q�组装成一份待发送的IP数据报。UDP不提供可靠性：它把应用�E�序传给IP层的数据发送出去，但是�q�不保证它们能到辄���的地。UDP数据报封装格式如�?所�C��?nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/27/60175.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/60175.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-08-27 18:09 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/27/60175.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第10章动态选�\协议�Q?</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/21/59542.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Thu, 21 Aug 2008 08:16:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/21/59542.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/59542.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/21/59542.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>4</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/59542.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/59542.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要:    在前面各章中�Q�讨��Z��静态选�\。在配置接口�Ӟ��以默认方式生成�\��p����（对于直接�q�接的接口）�Q��ƈ通过route命��o增加表项�Q�通常从系�l�自引导�E�序文�g�Q�，或是通过I MP重定向生成表��（通常是在默认方式出错的情况下�Q��?<br>在网�l�很���，且与其他�|�络只有单个�q�接点且没有多余路由�Ӟ��若主路由��p�|�Q�可以��用备用�\由）�Q�采用这�U�方法是可行的。如果上�q�C���U�情况不能全部满���I��通常使用动态选�\�?<br>本章讨论动态选�\协议�Q�它用于路由器间的通信。我们主要讨论RIP�Q�即选�\信息协议(Routing Information Protocol)�Q�大多数TCP/IP实现都提供这个应用广泛的协议。然后讨��Z���U�新的选�\协议�Q�OSPF和BGP�?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/21/59542.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/59542.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-08-21 16:16 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/08/21/59542.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第�?ji��)�? IP选�\�Q?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/18/53938.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Wed, 18 Jun 2008 15:08:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/18/53938.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/53938.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/18/53938.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>3</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/53938.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/53938.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: 选�\是IP最重要的功能之一。图1是IP层处理过�E�的���单流�E�。需要进行选�\的数据报
<br>
<br>可以由本��C����Z�生，也可以由其他��L��产生。在后一�U�情况下�Q�主机必��配�|�成一个�\�?<br>
<br>器，否则通过�|�络接口接收到的数据报，如果目的地址不是本机���p��被丢弃�?nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/18/53938.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/53938.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-06-18 23:08 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/18/53938.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第八章 Traceroute�E�序�Q?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/12/53069.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Thu, 12 Jun 2008 14:46:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/12/53069.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/53069.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/12/53069.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>2</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/53069.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/53069.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: 由Van Jacobson�~�写的Traceroute�E�序是一个能更深入探索TCP/IP协议的方便可用的工具。Traceroute�E�序可以让我们看到IP数据报从一��C����Z��到另一��C��机所�l�过的�\由。�ƈ且还可以让我们��用IP源�\由选项�?nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/12/53069.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/53069.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-06-12 22:46 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/12/53069.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第七章 Ping�E�序�Q?</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/10/52810.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2008 15:17:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/10/52810.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/52810.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/10/52810.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>5</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/52810.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/52810.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第七章 Ping�E�序�Q?
<br>Ping�E�序由Mike Muuss�~�写�Q�目的是��Z�����试另一��C��机是否可达。该�E�序发送一份ICMP回显��h��报文�l�主机，�q�等待返回ICMP回显应答�?nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/10/52810.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/52810.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-06-10 23:17 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/10/52810.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第六章 ICMP�Q�Internet控制报文协议�Q?</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/07/52454.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Sat, 07 Jun 2008 09:16:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/07/52454.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/52454.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/07/52454.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/52454.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/52454.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第六章 ICMP�Q�Internet控制报文协议�Q?
<br>ICMP是IP层的一个组成部分，它传递查询报文和差错报文�Q�ICMP报文通常被IP层或更高层协议（TCP或UDP�Q���用，它是在IP数据包内被传输的&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/07/52454.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/52454.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-06-07 17:16 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/07/52454.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第五章 RARP�Q�逆地址解析协议�Q?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/05/52297.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Thu, 05 Jun 2008 13:20:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/05/52297.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/52297.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/05/52297.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>1</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/52297.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/52297.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第五章 RARP�Q�逆地址解析协议�Q?<br>��h��本地���盘的系�l�引导时�Q�一般是从磁盘上的配�|�文件中��d��IP地址。但是无盘机�Q�如X�l�端或无盘工作站�Q�则需要采用其他方法来获得IP地址。网�l�上的每个系�l�都��h��唯一的硬件地址�Q�它是由�|�络接口生��厂家配置的。无盘系�l�的RARP实现�q�程是从接口卡上��d��唯一的硬件地址�Q�然后发送一份RARP��h���Q�一帧在�|�络上广播的数据�Q�，��h��某个��L��响应该无盘系�l�的IP地址�Q�在RARP应答中）�?nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/05/52297.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/52297.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-06-05 21:20 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/05/52297.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第四章  ARP�Q�地址解析协议�Q?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/05/52293.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Thu, 05 Jun 2008 12:51:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/05/52293.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/52293.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/05/52293.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/52293.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/52293.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第四章  ARP�Q�地址解析协议�Q?&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/05/52293.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/52293.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-06-05 20:51 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/06/05/52293.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第三章 �|�际协议�Q?</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/05/12/49668.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Mon, 12 May 2008 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/05/12/49668.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/49668.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/05/12/49668.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>1</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/49668.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/49668.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摘要: IP是TCP/IP协议族中最为核心的协议。所有的TCP、UDP、ICMP及IGMP数据都以IP数据报格式传�?..&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/05/12/49668.html'>阅读全文</a><img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/49668.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-05-12 22:00 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/05/12/49668.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第二章�Q?/title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/04/18/47541.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Fri, 18 Apr 2008 13:58:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/04/18/47541.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/47541.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/04/18/47541.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>3</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/47541.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/47541.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�W�二�?/span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">链�\�?/span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">�?/span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">TCP/IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">协议族中�Q�链路层主要有三个目的：�Q?span lang=EN-US>1</span>�Q��ؓ</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">模块发送和接收</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">数据报；�Q?span lang=EN-US>2</span>�Q��ؓ</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ARP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">模块发�?/span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ARP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">��h��和接�?/span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ARP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">应答�Q�（<span lang=EN-US>3</span>�Q��ؓ<span lang=EN-US>R</span></span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ARP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">发�?span lang=EN-US>R</span></span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ARP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">��h��和接�?span lang=EN-US>R</span></span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ARP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">应答�?/span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">TCP/IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">支持多种不同的链路层协议�Q�这取决于网�l�所使用的硬�Ӟ��如以太网、��o牌环�|��?/span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">FDDI</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">�Q�光�U�分布式数据接口�Q�及</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">RS-232</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">串行�U��\�{��?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">以太�|�和</span><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">IEEE 802</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">���装<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">以太�|�这个术语一般是指数字设备公司（<span lang=EN-US> Digital Equipment Corp.</span>�Q�、英特尔公司�?span lang=EN-US>Xerox</span>公司�?span lang=EN-US>1982</span>�q�联合公布的一个标准。它是当�?span lang=EN-US>TCP/IP</span>采用的主要的局域网技术。它采用一�U�称�?span lang=EN-US>CSMA/CD</span>的媒体接入方法，其意思是带冲�H�检���的载�L侦听多�\接入�Q?span lang=EN-US>Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detection</span>�Q�。它的速率�?span lang=EN-US>10 Mb/s</span>�Q�地址�?span lang=EN-US>48 bit</span>�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">IEEE</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">�Q�电(sh��)子电(sh��)气工�E�师协会�Q?span lang=EN-US>802</span>委员会公布了一个稍有不同的标准集，其中<span lang=EN-US>802.3</span>针对整个<span lang=EN-US>CSMA/CD</span>�|�络�Q?span lang=EN-US>802.4</span>针对令牌�ȝ���|�络�Q?span lang=EN-US>802.5</span>针对令牌环网�l�。这三者的共同�Ҏ(gu��)��由<span lang=EN-US>802.2</span>标准来定义，那就�?span lang=EN-US>802</span>�|�络共有的逻辑链�\控制�Q?span lang=EN-US>LLC</span>�Q��?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">�?span lang=EN-US>TCP/IP</span>世界中，以太�|?span lang=EN-US>IP</span>数据报的���装是在<span lang=EN-US>RFC 894[Hornig 1984]</span>中定义的�Q?span lang=EN-US>IEEE 802</span>�|�络�?span lang=EN-US>IP</span>数据报封装是�?span lang=EN-US>RFC 1042[Postel and Reynolds 1988]</span>中定义的。主机需�?span lang=EN-US>RFC</span>要求每台<span lang=EN-US>Internet</span>��L��都与一�?span lang=EN-US>10 Mb/s</span>的以太网�늼�相连接：<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">1) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">必须能发送和接收采用<span lang=EN-US>RFC 894</span>�Q�以太网�Q�封装格式的分组�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">2) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">应该能接收与<span lang=EN-US>RFC 894</span>混合�?span lang=EN-US>RFC 1042</span>�Q?span lang=EN-US>IEEE 802</span>�Q�封装格式的分组�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">3) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">也许能够发送采�?span lang=EN-US>RFC 1042</span>格式���装的分�l�。如果主�����同时发送两�U�类型的分组�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">据，那么发送的分组必须是可以设�|�的�Q�而且默认条�g下必���L��<span lang=EN-US>RFC 894</span>分组�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">SLIP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">�Q�串行线�?span lang=EN-US>IP<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">SLIP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">的全�U�是<span lang=EN-US>Serial Line IP</span>。它是一�U�在串行�U��\上对<span lang=EN-US>IP</span>数据报进行封装的���单�Ş式，�?span lang=EN-US>RFC 1055[Romkey 1988]</span>中有详细描述�?span lang=EN-US>SLIP</span>适用于家庭中每台计算机几乎都有的<span lang=EN-US>RS-232</span>串行端口和高速调制解调器接入<span lang=EN-US>Internet</span>�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">压羃�?span lang=EN-US>SLIP<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">�׃��串行�U��\的速率通常较低�Q?span lang=EN-US> 19200 b/s</span>或更低）�Q�而且通信�l�常是交互式的（�?span lang=EN-US>Telnet</span>�?span lang=EN-US>Rlogin</span>�Q�二者都使用<span lang=EN-US>TCP</span>�Q�，因此�?span lang=EN-US>SLIP</span>�U��\上有许多���的<span lang=EN-US>TCP</span>分组�q�行交换。�ؓ了传�?span lang=EN-US>1</span>个字节的数据需�?span lang=EN-US>20</span>个字节的<span lang=EN-US>IP</span>首部�?span lang=EN-US>20</span>个字节的<span lang=EN-US>TCP</span>首部�Q���L�����过<span lang=EN-US>40</span>个字�?span lang=EN-US>, </span>于是��Z��提出一个被�U�C��<span lang=EN-US>CSLIP</span>�Q�即压羃<span lang=EN-US>SLIP</span>�Q�的新协议，它在<span lang=EN-US>RFC 1144[Jacobson <st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="1990" UnitName="a">1990a</st1:chmetcnv>]</span>中被详细描述�?span lang=EN-US>CSLIP</span>一般能把上面的<span lang=EN-US>40</span>个字节压�~�到<span lang=EN-US>3</span>�?span lang=EN-US>5</span>个字节�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">PPP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">�Q�点对点协议<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">PPP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">�Q�点对点协议修改�?span lang=EN-US>SLIP</span>协议中的所有缺陗��?span lang=EN-US>PPP</span>包括以下三个部分�Q?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">1) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">在串行链路上���装<span lang=EN-US>IP</span>数据报的�Ҏ(gu��)���?span lang=EN-US>PPP</span>既支持数据�ؓ<span lang=EN-US>8</span>位和无奇偶检验的异步模式�Q�如大多数计���机上都普遍存在的串行接口）�Q�还支持面向比特的同步链接�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">2) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">建立、配�|�及���试数据链�\的链路控制协议（<span lang=EN-US> LCP</span>�Q?span lang=EN-US>Link Control Protocol</span>�Q�。它允许通信双方�q�行协商�Q�以���定不同的选项�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">3) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">针对不同�|�络层协议的�|�络控制协议�Q?span lang=EN-US>NCP</span>�Q?span lang=EN-US>Network Control Protocol</span>�Q�体�p�R��当�?span lang=EN-US>RFC</span>定义的网�l�层�?span lang=EN-US>IP</span>�?span lang=EN-US>OSI</span>�|�络层�?span lang=EN-US>DECnet</span>以及<span lang=EN-US>Apple Talk</span>。例如，<span lang=EN-US>IP NCP</span>允许双方商定是否�Ҏ(gu��)��文首部进行压�~�，�c�M���?span lang=EN-US>CSLIP</span>�Q�羃写词<span lang=EN-US>NCP</span>也可用在<span lang=EN-US>TCP</span>的前面）�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">RFC 1548[Simpson 1993]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">描述了报文封装的�Ҏ(gu��)��和链路控制协议�?span lang=EN-US>RFC 1332[McGregor<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">1 9 9 2 ]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">描述了针�?span lang=EN-US>IP</span>的网�l�控制协议�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">环回接口<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">大多数的产品都支持环回接口（<span lang=EN-US> Loopback Interface</span>�Q�，以允许运行在同一��C����Z��的客��L(f��ng)��序和服务器程序通过<span lang=EN-US>TCP/IP</span>�q�行通信�?span lang=EN-US>A</span>�cȝ���l�号<span lang=EN-US>127</span>���是为环回接口预留的。根据惯例，大多数系�l�把<span lang=EN-US>IP</span>地址<span lang=EN-US>127.0.0.1</span>分配�l�这个接口，�q�命名�ؓ<span lang=EN-US>localhost</span>。一个传�l�环回接口的<span lang=EN-US>IP</span>数据报不能在��M���|�络上出现。但是大多数的��品还是照样完成传输层和网�l�层的所有过�E�，只是�?span lang=EN-US>IP</span>数据报离开�|�络层时把它�q�回�l�自己�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">最大传输单�?span lang=EN-US>MTU<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">以太�|�和<span lang=EN-US>802.3</span>�Ҏ(gu��)��据��的长度都有一个限�Ӟ��其最大值分别是<span lang=EN-US>1500</span>�?span lang=EN-US>1492</span>字节。链路层的这个特性称�?span lang=EN-US>MTU</span>�Q�最大传输单元。不同类型的�|�络大多数都有一个上限。如�?span lang=EN-US>IP</span>层有一个数据报要传�Q�而且数据的长度比链�\层的<span lang=EN-US>MTU</span>�q�大�Q�那�?span lang=EN-US>IP</span>层就需要进行分片（<span lang=EN-US> fragmentation</span>�Q�，把数据报分成若干片，�q�样每一片都���于<span lang=EN-US>MTU</span>�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">路径<span lang=EN-US>MTU<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">当在同一个网�l�上的两��C����Z��相进行通信�Ӟ��该网�l�的<span lang=EN-US>MTU</span>是非帔R��要的。但是如果两��C����Z��间的通信要通过多个�|�络�Q�那么每个网�l�的链�\层就可能有不同的<span lang=EN-US>MTU</span>。重要的不是两台��L��所在网�l�的<span lang=EN-US>MTU</span>的��|��而是两台通信��L��路径中的最��?span lang=EN-US>MTU</span>。它被称作�\�?span lang=EN-US>MTU</span>�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light">两台��L��之间的�\�?span lang=EN-US>MTU</span>不一定是个常数。它取决于当时所选择的�\由。而选�\不一定是对称的（�?span lang=EN-US>A</span>�?span lang=EN-US>B</span>的�\由可能与�?span lang=EN-US>B</span>�?span lang=EN-US>A</span>的�\�׃��同）�Q�因此�\�?span lang=EN-US>MTU</span>在两个方向上不一定是一致的�?span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<img src ="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/aggbug/47541.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/" target="_blank">�?/a> 2008-04-18 21:58 <a href="http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/04/18/47541.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>TCP/IP详解��M���W�记�Q�第一章）</title><link>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/04/17/47420.html</link><dc:creator>�?/dc:creator><author>�?/author><pubDate>Thu, 17 Apr 2008 10:45:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/04/17/47420.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/47420.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/archive/2008/04/17/47420.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>8</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/comments/commentRss/47420.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.shnenglu.com/aurain/services/trackbacks/47420.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�W?/span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">1</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">概述</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span lang=EN-US>TCP/IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��h���?/span><span lang=EN-US>60</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�q�代末美国政府资助的一个分�l�交换网�l�研�I����目，�?/span><span lang=EN-US>90</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�q�代已发展成��������机之间最常应用的�l�网形式�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分层</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�|�络协议通常分不同层�ơ进行开发，每一层分别负责不同的通信功能。一个协议族�Q�比�?/span><span lang=EN-US><span lang=EN-US>TCP/IP</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q�是一�l�不同层�ơ上的多个协议的�l�合�?/span><span lang=EN-US><span lang=EN-US>TCP/IP</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通常被认为是一个四层协议系�l?</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">每一层负责不同的功能�Q?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>1) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">链�\层，有时也称作数据链路层或网�l�接口层�Q�通常包括操作�pȝ��中的讑֤�驱动�E�序和计���机中对应的�|�络接口卡。它们一起处理与�늼��Q�或其他��M��传输媒介�Q�的物理接口�l�节�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>2) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�|�络层，有时也称作互联网层，处理分组在网�l�中的活动，例如分组的选�\。在</span><span lang=EN-US><span lang=EN-US>TCP/IP</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">协议族中�Q�网�l�层协议包括</span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">协议�Q�网际协议）�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>ICMP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">协议�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>Internet</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">互联�|�控</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">制报文协议）�Q�以�?/span><span lang=EN-US>IGMP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">协议�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>Internet</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�l�管理协议）�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>3 ) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�q�输层主要�ؓ两台��L��上的应用�E�序提供端到端的通信。在</span><span lang=EN-US><span lang=EN-US>TCP/IP</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">协议族中�Q�有两个互不相同的传输协议：</span><span lang=EN-US> TCP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q�传输控制协议）�?/span><span lang=EN-US>UDP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q�用��h��据报协议�Q��?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>TCP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��Z����C��机提供高可靠性的数据通信。它所做的工作包括把应用程序交�l�它的数据分</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成合适的���块交给下面的网�l�层�Q�确认接收到的分�l�，讄���发送最后确认分�l�的���时旉���</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�{�。由于运输层提供了高可靠性的端到端的通信�Q�因此应用层可以忽略所有这些细节�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>UDP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">则�ؓ应用层提供一�U�非常简单的服务。它只是把称作数据报的分�l?/span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从一��C��机发送到另一��C��机，但�ƈ不保证该数据报能到达另一端。�Q何必需的可靠性必��ȝ��应用层来提供�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>4 ) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应用层负责处理特定的应用�E�序�l�节。几乎各�U�不同的</span><span lang=EN-US>TCP/IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实现都会提供下面�q�些</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通用的应用程序：</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>&#8226; Telnet </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�q�程��d���?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>&#8226; FTP </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文�g传输协议�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>&#8226; SMTP </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">���单邮件传送协议�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>&#8226; SNMP </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">���单网�l�管理协议�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">互联�|�地址</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">(IP</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">)<o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span lang=EN-US><a  target=_blank><span style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">Internet</span></a> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上的每台��L��</span><span lang=EN-US>(<a  target=_blank><span style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">Host</span></a>)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">都有一个唯一�?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP<a  target=_blank><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><span lang=EN-US>地址</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US><a  target=_blank><span style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">IP</span><span lang=EN-US style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><span lang=EN-US>协议</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">���是使用�q�个地址在主��Z��间传递信息，�q�是</span><span lang=EN-US>Internet </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">能够�q�行的基����?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址的长度�ؓ</span><span lang=EN-US>32</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">位，分�ؓ</span><span lang=EN-US>4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�D�，每段</span><span lang=EN-US>8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">位，用十�q�制数字表示�Q�每�D�|��字范围�ؓ</span><span lang=EN-US>0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US>255</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q�段与段之间用句炚w��开。例�?/span><span lang=EN-US>159.226.1.1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址有两部分�l�成�Q�一部分为网�l�地址�Q�另一部分��Z��机地址�?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址分�ؓ</span><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US>B</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US>C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US>D</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US>E5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�c�R��常用的�?/span><span lang=EN-US>B</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US>C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两类�?/span><span lang=EN-US>ip</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址���像是我们的家庭住址一��P��如果你要写信�l�一个�h�Q�你���p��知道他（她）的地址�Q�这样邮递员才能把信送到�Q�计���机发送信息是���好比是邮递员�Q�它必须知道唯一�?/span><span lang=EN-US>&#8220;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">家庭地址</span><span lang=EN-US>&#8221;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">才能不至于把信送错人家。只不过我们的地址使用文字来表�C�的�Q�计���机的地址用十�q�制数字表示�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址分类</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�c?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址</span> </p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一�?/span><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�c?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址�?/span><span lang=EN-US>1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字节的网�l�地址�?/span><span lang=EN-US>3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字节��L��地址�l�成�Q�网�l�地址的最高位必须�?/span><span lang=EN-US>&#8220;<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="0" UnitName="&#8221;">0&#8221;</st1:chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q?/span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址范围�?/span><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899"><span lang=EN-US>0.0.0</span></st1:chsdate><span lang=EN-US>.1 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US>126.0.0.0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。可用的</span><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�cȝ���l�有</span><span lang=EN-US>126</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个，每个�|�络能容�U?/span><span lang=EN-US>1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亿多个主机�?/span> </p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>B</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�c?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址</span> </p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一�?/span><span lang=EN-US>B</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�c?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址�?/span><span lang=EN-US>2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个字节的�|�络地址�?/span><span lang=EN-US>2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个字节的��L��地址�l�成�Q�网�l�地址的最高位必须�?/span><span lang=EN-US>&#8220;<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="10" UnitName="&#8221;">10&#8221;</st1:chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q�地址范围�?/span><span lang=EN-US>128.0.0.0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US>191.255.255.255</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。可用的</span><span lang=EN-US>B</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�cȝ���l�有</span><span lang=EN-US>16382</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个，每个�|�络能容�U?/span><span lang=EN-US>6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万多个主�?/span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span> </p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�c?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址</span> </p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一�?/span><span lang=EN-US>C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�c?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址�?/span><span lang=EN-US>3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字节的网�l�地址�?/span><span lang=EN-US>1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字节的主机地址�l�成�Q�网�l�地址的最高位必须�?/span><span lang=EN-US>&#8220;<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="110" UnitName="&#8221;">110&#8221;</st1:chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。范围从</span><span lang=EN-US>192.0.0.0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US>223.255.255.255</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US>C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�cȝ���l�可�?/span><span lang=EN-US>209</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万余个，每个�|�络能容�U?/span><span lang=EN-US>254</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个主机�?/span> </p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>D</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�c�d��址用于多点�q�播�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>Multicast</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q��?/span> </p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>D</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�c?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址�W�一个字节以</span><span lang=EN-US>&#8220;111<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="0" UnitName="&#8221;">0&#8221;</st1:chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开始，它是一个专门保留的地址。它�q�不指向特定的网�l�，目前�q�一�c�d��址被用在多点广播（</span><span lang=EN-US>Multicast</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q�中。多点广播地址用来一�ơ寻址一�l�计���机�Q�它标识�׃�n同一协议的一�l�计���机�?/span> </p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US>5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>E</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�c?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址</span> </p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US>&#8220;11110&#8221;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开始，为将来��用保留�?/span> </p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">全零�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>&#8220;0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</span><span lang=EN-US>0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</span><span lang=EN-US>0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</span><span lang=EN-US>0&#8221;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q�地址对应于当前主机。全</span><span lang=EN-US>&#8220;<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="1" UnitName="&#8221;">1&#8221;</st1:chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>&#8220;255</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</span><span lang=EN-US>255</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</span><span lang=EN-US>255</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="255" UnitName="&#8221;"><span lang=EN-US>255&#8221;</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q�是当前子网的广播地址�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">什么是公有地址和私有地址</span><span lang=EN-US>?</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公有地址�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>Public address</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q�由</span><span lang=EN-US>Inter NIC</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>Internet Network Information Center </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因特�|�信息中心）负责。这�?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地址分配�l�注册�ƈ�?/span><span lang=EN-US>Inter NIC</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提出甌���的组�l�机构。通过它直接访问因特网�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�U�有地址�Q?/span><span lang=EN-US>Private address</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q�属于非注册地址�Q�专门�ؓ�l�织机构内部使用�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以下列出留用的内部私有地址</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt"><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�c?/span><span lang=EN-US> <st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899">10.0.0</st1:chsdate>.0--10.255.255.255</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt"><span lang=EN-US>B</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�c?/span><span lang=EN-US> 172.16.0.0--172.31.255.255</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt"><span lang=EN-US>C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�c?/span><span lang=EN-US> 192.168.0.0--192.168.255.255</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">���装与分�?/span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当应用程序用</span><span lang=EN-US>TCP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">传送数据时�Q�数据被送入协议栈中�Q�然后逐个通过每一层直到被当作一串比�Ҏ(gu��)��送入�|�络。其中每一层对收到的数据都要增加一些首部信息（有时�q�要增加���N��信息�Q��?/span><span lang=EN-US>TCP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">传给</span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的数据单元称�?/span><span lang=EN-US>TCP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">报文�D�|������U�Cؓ</span><span lang=EN-US>TCP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�D�（</span><span lang=EN-US>TCP segment</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q��?/span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">传给�|�络接口层的数据单元�U�C��</span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数据�?/span><span lang=EN-US>(IP datagram)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。通过以太�|�传输的比特���称作��</span><span lang=EN-US>(Frame)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当目的主机收��C��个以太网数据帧时�Q�数据就开始从协议栈中由底向上升，同时��L���?/span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">层协议加上的报文首部。每层协议盒都要��L��查报文首部中的协议标识，以确定接收数据的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上层协议。这个过�E�称作分用（</span><span lang=EN-US> Demultiplexing</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�Q?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">客户</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">-</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器模�?/span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大部分网�l�应用程序在�~�写旉���假设一端是客户�Q�另一端是服务器，其目的是��Z��让服</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">务器为客��h��供一些特定的服务�?/span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">端口�?/span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通过端口��h��识别应用�E�序</span></p>
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